Liberty for All

LIBERTY FOR ALL?: 1800—1860 BOOK 5, A HISTORY OF US1. Literally “before war,” it is the Latin term given to the first half of the 1800s. [9]______2. What is the number of American farmers in 1800 for every person who lived in a city or town? [10] ______3. By 1840, one-third of Americans had moved west of this mountain range. [10]______4. Andrew Jackson highlighted which institution as the prime national symbol of aristocratic privilege and influence? [11] ______5. Thomas Jefferson purchased what from France in 1803? [13]______6. The common name given to such trappers as Jim Bridger and James Beckwourth, they met at annual rendezvous that attracted as many as 1,000 participants. [17]______7. Cutting westward from Independence, Missouri through Kiowa, Comanche, andCheyenne-controlled territory to Mexico, what trail helped to open up the west toAmerican expansion? [22-23] ______8. Starvation associated with an 1846 blight on which staple crop led to massive migration from Ireland to the United States? [29] ______9. What was the disease that became the prime killer for those who traveled West on theOregon Trail? [31] ______10—15. The official name for the Mormons. [43]______The Mormons were founded by which Vermont—born prophet? [43] ______The holy book of this new group, it told of how one of the Lost Tribes had ended up in America and been visited by Jesus. [43] ______Which Illinois town, located on the Mississippi River, became an early center of Mormon activity, with an estimated population of between 15,000 and 20,000 inhabitants? [44]______The successor to Joseph Smith as the leader of the Mormons, he had two dozen wives and 58 children. [44-45] ______What was the lake by which the Mormons ultimately settled? [47]______16. In 1846, Great Britain and the United States agreed to split the Oregon Territory along which parallel? [48] ______17. This phrase, which was closely associated with the idea that Americans had the right and duty to spread across the continent, was first used by journalist John L.O’Sullivan in 1845. [49] ______18. Which nation won its independence from Spain in 1821? [51] ______19. What was the common name given to the 1840s migration trail westward across thePrairies to the Pacific Northwest? [55] ______20. Briefly called the Bear Flag Republic, it would become part of the United States after the war with Mexico. [56] ______21. “Free soil, free men, free speech, free labor, Fremont” was the 1856 campaign slogan of which new political party? [57] ______22. In 1821, he led a group of 300 settlers to Texas from Missouri. [58-59]______23. Renowned for his bear-hunting abilities and for his rifle “Black Betsy,” whichTennessee backwoodsman was probably the most famous person to die at the Alamo in 1836? [60-63] ______24. What was the name given to the English-speaking American settlers in Texas? [60]______25. The former governor of Tennessee, he led the American forces to victory over SantaAnna at San Jacinto in 1836. [61] ______26. Passed in 1820, it set up Missouri as a slave state, Maine as a free state, and declared that all future states admitted into the Union north of the 36th parallel would be free.[62] ______27. What was the year in which Texas finally became an American state? [62]______28. The area south of which river was disputed between Texas and Mexico, and became the immediate source of the outbreak of war between the U.S. and Mexico in May1846? [62] ______29. At the time larger than the present state of the same name, it was the largest territorial prize for Americans gained as a result of the war with Mexico. [68]______30. What was discovered by the carpenter James Marshall at Sutter’s Mill nearSacramento, California in 1848? [69] ______31. Between 1848 and 1850, it grew from a town of 812 to a city of 25,000. [72]______32. What was the more common name of the American Party, an anti-immigration party that emerged in the 1850s and argued as part of its platform that recent newcomers from China, Ireland, and elsewhere threatened American traditions and values? [72-73] ______33. What was the nickname given to those who came to California during the first year of the Gold Rush? [74] ______34. The richest mining lode in American history, it contained enormous deposits of gold and silver, and was responsible for the creation of Virginia City, Nevada. [77]______35. A businessman who recognized the miners’ need for sturdy pants, he was but one of many who made his fortune not by digging for gold, but by selling merchandise to the California newcomers. [78] ______36. Which legendary but short-lived mail service advertised that it preferred orphans as applicants? [79] ______37. “ What hath God wrought?” was the first message sent in 1844 via which new medium, by its inventor Samuel Morse? [81-82] ______38. Originally referring to a person from Connecticut, one theory is that it derived from the Dutch pronunciation for John Cheese. [93] ______39. Its discovery in Pennsylvania in 1859 spelt decline for the whale industry. [96]______40. By 1846, which Massachusetts town had emerged as the capital of the whaling industry? [97] ______41. Who returned to Japan in 1854, a year after his initial visit, with gifts and warships – his actions would lead to the opening up of Japan to the outside world? [105-106]______42. While only 40 miles were built in the entire United States in the 1820s, by 1850 more than 9,000 miles were laid and by 1861 more than 30,000 miles. [117]______43. What may have been the first free public school system in the world was set up in which colony in 1647? [120] ______44. Inspired by the belief that American students needed American books, who completed his two-volume American Dictionary of the English Language in 1828?[121] ______45. Founded by Mary Lyon in Massachusetts in 1837, it proved an exception to the rule that denied women access to higher education in the early nineteenth century. [122-23] ______46. In important ways reminiscent of its eighteenth-century predecessor, what religious revivalistic movement of the antebellum era was more overtly socially conscious as it promoted such reforms as temperance, abolitionism, women’s rights, and school reform in its efforts to create heaven on Earth? [123]______47. The reforms he introduced as state secretary of education in Massachusetts in the early nineteenth century are typically seen as setting the model for modern public education. [124] ______48. Which South Carolina sisters became not only abolitionists but also women’s rights advocates in the 1830s? [126] ______49. Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott were amongst the organizers of the 1848 conference in this New York State town that used the Declaration of Independence as a model to demand rights for American women. [131]______50. Which female Massachusetts reformer became a crusader for the nation’s mentally ill in the early 1800s? [131] ______51. The editor of a temperance newspaper, who urged American women to abandon their bulky dresses for wide trousers that would allow for more freedom of movement?[132] ______52. Best known for her “Ain’t I a woman?” speech at the 1851 women’s rights convention in Ohio, who spoke as an advocate of both abolitionism and women’s rights for some four decades? [136-37] ______53. One of the first group of writers to carve out an American tradition of letters, he focused on home-grown themes, including those centering upon an Indian namedHiawatha; upon the Revolutionary hero Paul Revere; and upon the Acadians who were forced by the British to leave their Maritime home. [148-49]______54. Building his own cabin in the woods by Walden Pond, which Transcendentalist is often highlighted as an early environmentalist and as an exponent of civil disobedience? [150-51] ______55. His novel about a huge white whale named Moby Dick and the captain Ahab who was obsessed with the whale did not sell well when originally published in the mid- 1800s – now it is regarded as one of the great allegories upon the American Dream.[153] ______56. Whose Natty Bumppo was perhaps the first prototypically American frontier hero?[153] ______57. Which Brooklyn-bred newspaper reporter became a poet who sang of America’s promise in the mid-nineteenth century – his Leaves of Grass is regarded by some as the most important volume of American poetry ever produced? [154-55]______58. Tales of which famous lumberman and his blue ox Babe helped to develop a separate tradition of American folklore? [155] ______59. A graduate of the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, he traveled up the MissouriRiver in the early 1830s into Mandan, Sioux, Blackfoot, and Crow territory, and became one of the first visual chroniclers of the life of the Plains Indians. [159-61]______60. Joseph Cinque led a slave rebellion upon this ship in 1839; landing in Connecticut the mutineers case would be taken up by former President John Quincy Adams.[167-70] ______61. The supporters of slavery in Congress introduced which rule, which laid aside antislavery petitions without discussion? [170] ______62. Instead of referring to slavery as a “necessary evil,” South Carolina Senator John C.Calhoun began instead to refer to the institution more optimistically as what? [171]______63. What new antislavery party was formed in Ripon, Wisconsin in 1854? [172]______64--67. What were the four terms of the Compromise of 1850? [172]______;______;______;______.68--69. Eager to promote a transcontinental railroad through his home state of Illinois,Stephen Douglas helped to engineer what 1854 legislation, which upset the balance instituted by the Missouri Compromise? [175-76] ______The principle supported by Douglas, it suggested that the residents of the territories themselves, were to decide about slavery. [175] ______70. In 1856, Preston Brooks caned which abolitionist Massachusetts senator on the floor of Congress for his inflammatory remarks about South Carolina and its national politicians. [178-79] ______71. After the sacking of the anti-slavery capital Lawrence, he sought revenge by massacring five pro-slavery settlers at Pottawatomie. [179] ______72. Which famous 1857 Supreme Court decision involving determining the status of a slave who had spent several years in a free territory – Chief Justice Roger Taney’s decision defined slaves clearly as property and thus without any rights of citizenship?[180] ______73. A secret network of people committed to helping slaves escape their bondage, it involved conductors, stations, and passengers. [186] ______74. Quakers and Presbyterians helped to establish which abolitionist Ohio college – a community in Raleigh is named in its honor? [186] ______75. Which escaped slave became, as editor of the North Star newspaper of Rochester,New York, the nation’s most famous black abolitionist? [191]______76. Which Illinois lawyer was elected president in 1860? [190] ______

Liberty for All

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