Fiktion Med Virkeligheden Som Kulisse

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Fiktion Med Virkeligheden Som Kulisse Marinekorporal Ramirez (Elliot Ruiz) i Battle for Haditha (2008, instr. Nick Broomfield). Fiktion med virkeligheden som kulisse Interview med Nick Broomfield om hans semi-dokumentariske spillefilm Ghosts (2006) og Battle for Haditha (2008) AfLars Movin I en af de mest bemærkelsesværdige sce­ til. Scenen er placeret hen imod slutnin­ ner i Nick Broomfields seneste film, Battie gen, efter at vi har fulgt Ramirez og hans for Haditha (2008), et action-drama base­ deling gennem et blodigt døgn, hvor de ret på en autentisk begivenhed under Irak- unge amerikanske marinesoldater som en krigen, bryder historiens amerikanske reaktion på, at de lige akkurat er sluppet hovedperson, marinekorporalen Ramirez, levende forbi en vejsidebombe, er gået sammen foran kameraet og skiftevis græ­ amok i en blodrus og har slagtet mere der og raser af indestængte frustrationer end tyve civile irakere, mænd, kvinder og over den situation, han er havnet i, og børn. Og selv om den marinesoldat fra 106 alt det forfærdelige, han har været vidne det virkelige liv, Elliot Ruiz, som spiller a f Lars Movin Ramirez, ved optagestart aldrig tidligere havde stået foran et kamera, i hvert fald ikke som medvirkende i en fiktionsfilm, leverer han en særdeles intens præstation med en overrumplende grad af autentici­ tet, en regulær følelsesstorm af den type, som andre instruktører normalt ville give nærmest hvad som helst for at trække ud af en professionel skuespiller. Forklaringen er, ifølge Nick Broomfield, den ganske enkle, at scenen er dokumen­ tarisk. Battle for Haditha (2008, instr. Nick Broomfield). “Filmen er optaget i Jordan,” fortæller han, “et land, der på mange måder minder om alle mulige andre steder i Mellem­ østen. Og de amerikanske eks-marinere, manuskriptet skulle karakteren Ramirez som vi brugte i rollerne, havde alle været bryde sammen på et tidspunkt, men det på én eller flere missioner i Irak, så da de vidste Elliot ikke. Det skete bare, så jeg kom over fra USA, og vi fik dem installeret slap helt for at skulle instruere ham i dét, i nogle barakker, der i princippet mindede der ellers kunne være blevet en vanskelig om dem, de havde boet i, da de var i krig, scene.” faldt de hurtigt tilbage i stemningen fra Anekdoten er karakteristisk for forløbet dengang. De genoptog deres gamle om­ af tilblivelsen af Battie for Haditha, hvor gangsform og sprogbrug, og dét i en grad, virkelighed og fiktion hele vejen igennem så jeg ind imellem måtte bede dem om at væves ind og ud af hinanden. Filmen - der skære ned på antallet af ’motherfuckers, har haft et budget på bare tre millioner fordi det i en film kan blive trættende at dollars - er baseret på en tragisk hændelse høre på i længden. I starten havde de svært under Irak-krigen, der fandt sted den ved at omgås de irakiske medvirkende 19. november 2005, hvor en deling ame­ - som alle var flygtninge bosat i Jordan - rikanske marinere fra det såkaldte Kilo ligesom de knap nok turde forlade barak­ Company som reaktion på en vejsidebom­ kerne for at gå på restaurant eller lignende, be henrettede 24 civile irakere i Haditha, fordi de var bange for at blive skudt. Og en lille by beliggende ved Eufrat-flodens de begyndte at få mareridt om natten og bred et par hundrede kilometer nordvest forskellige andre former for nervøse symp­ for Bagdad. Umiddelbart efter blodbadet tomer.” blev den korporal, der havde stået i spid­ “Den morgen, vi optog scenen med sen for nedslagtningerne, forfremmet til Elliot, havde han netop klaget over, at han sergent og modtog sågar en hædersbevis­ var begyndt at få problemer med at sove, ning. Men nogle måneder senere begyndte efter at han var kommet til Jordan. De videooptagelser af de irakiske ofre at cir­ posttraumatiske stress-reaktioner var be­ kulere både i og uden for Irak, og efter at gyndt at røre på sig igen. Og da vi tændte to journalister fra magasinet Time, Tim for kameraet, væltede det bare ud af ham McGirk og Aparisim Ghosh, i marts 2006 med fortvivlelse og desperation. Ifølge havde taget sagen op, følte den amerikan- 107 Fiktion med virkeligheden som kulisse ske hær sig nødsaget til at iværksætte en fordi atmosfæren er så højspændt. Sam­ intern undersøgelse, som resulterede i, at tidig har det været ret rystende at møde de involverede marinere blev stillet for en nogle af de marinere, som havde været domstol. Deres sag er endnu ikke afgjort, involveret i Haditha-episoden. De var jo og det er Broomfields vurdering, at den bare nogle bange små knægte, der havde heller ikke vil blive det før efter næste præ­ meldt sig til hæren som sytten-årige, og sidentvalg. som forud for Haditha alle sammen havde “Jeg tror ikke, at militær retfærdighed været i Fallujah, hvor de havde deltaget i har ret meget at gøre med dét, vi andre hårde kampe og prøvet at miste venner og forbinder med retfærdighed,” siger han. kolleger, hvilket de var stærkt påvirkede “Og det er mit indtryk, at den amerikanske af. Og hvis jeg har lært noget af at lave den regering helst bare så, at denne sag ville film, så er det, at når en krig er brudt ud, forsvinde.” og dialogen mellem parterne er afbrudt, så må der nødvendigvis ske sådan noget Ingen sort/hvid film. Broomfield og hans som Haditha - måske ikke på det niveau medmanuskriptforfatter, Marc Hoeferlin hver eneste dag, men i princippet. I den (som tillige er filmens cheffotograf), har forstand m ener jeg, at det er en almengyl­ forud for optagelserne lavet en meget dig film om krig og om den mentalitet, der grundig research for at kortlægge be­ fører til tragedier som Haditha.” givenhederne under Haditha-episoden Dernæst har det været vigtigt for minut for minut. De har haft adgang til en Broomfield at lave en film, der ikke var seks tusind sider lang rapport, som The sort/hvid. En film, hvor man ikke pegede Naval Criminal Investigative Service har fingre ad nogen af parterne og påstod, at de udarbejdet, de har interviewet nogle af de alene havde skylden: involverede marinere (offcamera, fordi “Jeg ville gerne tegne et nuanceret bil­ retssagen stadig pågår), de har fundet frem lede af alle de gråzoner af frustration og til pårørende til nogle af de dræbte irakere, mistænksomhed og så videre, der opstår og de har gennemset store mængder opta­ i en krig, og som man normalt ikke taler gelser, blandt andet fra overvågningsfly, for så meget om. Ligesom det var vigtigt for at danne sig et overblik over logistikken. mig, at både amerikanere og et publikum i Alligevel har det ikke været Broomfields Mellemøsten kunne genkende deres egen primære mål med filmen at lave en doku­ komplicerede situation. Og en sådan kom­ mentarisk’ korrekt fremstilling af det fakti­ pleksitet er både dokumentarfilm og denne ske forløb: type spillefilm velegnede til at indfange, “Battie for Haditha er først og fremmest synes jeg. Det har i hvert fald været min tænkt som en film om, hvad der sker i en intention.” krig,” siger han. “For mig personligt har det været utroligt indsigtsgivende at gå dybt Soldater out o f character. Efter at have ind i anatomien på en enkelt episode og indsamlet et omfattende dokumentations­ virkelig analysere den. Det har givet mig materiale satte Broomfield og Hoeferlin sig en forståelse for den paranoia, der opstår i ned og skrev et manuskript, der i de store en krigszone, hvor alle hele tiden handler linjer var tro mod det faktiske begiven­ i forhold til det værst tænkelige scenarie, hedsforløb, men som i detaljen, herunder i 108 og hvor tingene let kommer ud af kontrol, de fleste af dialogerne, gav plads til, at man a f Lars Movin under optagelserne kunne improvisere sig er jordens røvhul. frem til det endelige resultat. Den ægte vare. Generelt siger Nick “Når man arbejder med ikke-skuespil­ Broomfield om den metode, han har lere,” mener Broomfield, “er det vigtigt at udviklet, dels i Battie for Haditha, dels lade dem bidrage til dialogen, så den kom­ i forgængeren Ghosts, som han færdig­ mer til at ligge naturligt for dem. Hvis man gjorde i 2006 (begge film er produceret af giver dem alt for præcise instruktioner om, Broomfield selv for den britiske tv-station hvad de skal sige, og hvordan de skal bevæ­ Channel 4): ge sig, får man næppe noget godt resultat. “Først og fremmest har det været af Så mister man det bedste fra begge verde­ afgørende betydning at arbejde med ikke- ner, så at sige: Man får en skuespiller, der skuespillere, som på deres egen krop har ikke kan spille, og man går glip af at trække oplevet begivenheder, der svarer til dem, på de erfaringer fra den medvirkendes filmene handler om. Dernæst har det væ­ eget liv, som ellers kunne have bidraget til ret vigtigt at have et så lille filmhold som scenens troværdighed. Derfor er man nødt muligt og at optage på autentiske locations. til at etablere en fleksibel måde at arbejde I Battie for Haditha kunne det naturligvis på, hvor fotograferne indretter sig på ikke- ikke lade sig gøre at filme i Irak, men Jor­ skuespillernes præmisser og så vidt muligt dan er tæt nok på, og selv om vi har måttet bare følger efter dem i den enkelte scene.” ændre lidt på indretningen af husene hist Det er således ikke noget tilfælde, at og her, har vi så vidt muligt undgået at Broomfield i Battie fo r Haditha prim ært opbygge kulisser. Soldaterne var rent fak­ har anvendt fotografer, der har deres bag­ tisk indkvarteret i de barakker, der også er grund i dokumentarisme. Ikke mindst deres hjem i filmen, og irakerne boede i de fordi opgaven fordrede, at der var tale om huse, man ser.” personer, som var rutinerede i at arbejde - Jeg har læst, at din allerførste film, m ed håndholdt kamera over længere tid.
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