This Sequence Is Known As a PROGRESSION and These Are Used Dependent Upon;

CONTENT DEVELOPMENT

What is the best way to teach particular content in physical education and in what sequence?

This sequence is known as a ‘PROGRESSION’ and these are used dependent upon;

- the objectives of the lesson - the teacher’s knowledge of the lesson content and ability to analyze that content - the teacher’s assessment of the needs of the pupils in relation to that content

Sequencing movement tasks in a way that has the potential to enable learning is known as CONTENT DEVELOPMENT Teaching Scenario 1

1. Look at the following sequence in volleyball. What are your reactions to this sequence of tasks

a. In pairs 10 feet apart, toss and set and catch b. Now use the set in a game. Set the ball with two hands to another person who performs a forearm pass before your team can send it back over the net Teaching Scenario 2

Ashleigh is teaching a lower ability year 7 Rounders class. They are beginning a unit and the focus is on fielding skills. After introducing the class to the day’s lesson, Ashleigh presents the following to the group

‘ Stand about 5 metres apart from your partner and slowly roll the ball to your partner. Show me what you think is the best way to field the ball and then roll it back’

The group tries different ways. Ashleigh calls the group back in and asks for volunteers to demonstrate. A number of pupils show the standard fielding/long barrier position. Ashleigh asks the class why they think this is the best way. Pupils respond that it prevents the ball going between the legs.

Ashleigh offers the key teaching points for this fielding position and then all the class practice this position without the ball. Ashleigh then asks the pupils to quickly move to a ‘pretend ball’ and get into the correct fielding position on his command. She then asks that the pupils do this in their own time.

Ashleigh notices that the pupils are getting into the right body position but are not getting the fielding hand down to the ground. She stops the class and says; ‘ You are doing very well getting the body into the right position, now lets focus getting the hand down to ground level’ Ashleigh demonstrates the skill again, emphasizing in the demonstration the fielding hand position.

Ashleigh follows this with the following tasks

‘Send the rounders ball to your partner’s right or left so that they have to move a few steps’

‘What is the best way to move your feet to get to the left or right? Try some ways’

‘When you feel ready, move a few steps back from your partner so that the ball arrives a little faster’

‘In groups of 4 [two rollers, one fielder, one first base person]. One person rolls the ball to a fielder who fields and underarms the ball to another person on first base as the roller runs to first base. Repeat with the second roller.’

Repeat with a roll that makes the fielder move

‘Repeat with a self-toss and gentle hit using a bat’ Discussion Questions [SLIDE]

2. What do you notice about what this lesson contains?

3. What do you notice about the kinds of tasks themselves? Purpose or type?

4. What comments do you have on the sequence of these tasks? Task Classification

INFORMING TASK [I]: the initial presentation of the task

EXTENSION TASK [E]: changes the complexity or difficulty of the task

REFINING TASK [R]: focuses on the quality of performance

APPLICATION TASK [A]: how to use the skill in an applied way

Teaching the Overhead Set (Adapted from Rink, 1998).

How would you classify each of these tasks using the abbreviations above?

1. Toss the ball to a partner who sets it back [I]

2. This time as you practice get in the ‘get ready position’ [R]

3. If the trajectory is not high enough, what does that mean? How can you get a higher trajectory on the set?….yes, get under it more [R]

4. When you and your partner can do five in a row take a couple of steps back and repeat [E]

5. Set from the forearm pass/’bump’. Toss the ball to your partner who will forearm pass back for you to set to them and they catch. Repeat the sequence [E]

6. Try over the three nets of differing heights where you feel comfortable [A]

7. Again move further apart after you can do 5 in a row [E]

8. In groups of 3, one serves the ball, one does a forearm pass, and one sets the ball. Start with an easy loop serve at the net of your choice [A] List some ways in which you might be able to EXTEND a movement task and give an example from an activity of your choice.

1. Break the skill down into parts [e.g. use a drop serve in tennis]

2. Modify the equipment [e.g. use a training volleyball]

3. Make the space smaller or bigger [e.g. reduce the width of a grid in a 2v1 football drill focusing upon attacking]

4. Changing the number of people [e.g. dance alone and then with a partner]

5. Change the conditions of performance [ if you can’t reach the net, then move a couple of steps forward when you serve, change speed]

6. Change the rules [e.g. three passes before a shot, as many hits as you wish to get the ball over the net]

7. Combining two skills [e.g. practice a forward roll, then a forward roll into a handstand]

8. Expand the number of different examples of a concept [e.g. show me what a balance is to show me three different ways to balance] Teaching the Overhead Set (Adapted from Rink, 1998).

How would you classify each of these sequenced tasks? Write the abbreviation alongside each task [ I, E, R, A]

 Toss the ball to a partner who sets it back

 This time as you practice get in the ‘get ready position’

 If the trajectory is not high enough, what does that mean? How can you get a higher trajectory on the set?….yes, get under it more

 When you and your partner can do five in a row take a couple of steps back and repeat

 Set from the forearm pass/’bump’. Toss the ball to your partner who will forearm pass back for you to set to them and they catch. Repeat the sequence

 Try over the three nets of differing heights where you feel comfortable

 Again move further apart after you can do 5 in a row

 In groups of 3, one serves the ball, one does a forearm pass, and one sets the ball. Start with an easy loop serve at the net of your choice