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Lab on a Chip Systems for Biochemical Analysis, Biology and Synthesis

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Lab on a Chip Systems for Biochemical Analysis, Biology and Synthesis ADVERTIMENT. Lʼaccés als continguts dʼaquesta tesi queda condicionat a lʼacceptació de les condicions dʼús establertes per la següent llicència Creative Commons: http://cat.creativecommons.org/?page_id=184 ADVERTENCIA. El acceso a los contenidos de esta tesis queda condicionado a la aceptación de las condiciones de uso establecidas por la siguiente licencia Creative Commons: http://es.creativecommons.org/blog/licencias/ WARNING. The access to the contents of this doctoral thesis it is limited to the acceptance of the use conditions set by the following Creative Commons license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/?lang=en Lab on a Chip Systems for Biochemical Analysis, Biology and Synthesis Towards Simple, Scalable Microfabrication Technologies Based on COC and LTCC Miguel Berenguel Alonso Tesi Doctoral Programa de Doctorat en Qu´ımica Directors: Mar Puyol and Juli´anAlonso Chamarro Departament de Qu´ımica Facultat de Ci`encies 2017 Mem`oriapresentada per aspirar al Grau de Doctor per Miguel Berenguel Alonso Vist i plau Mar Puyol Juli´anAlonso Chamarro Professora Agregada Catedr`atic Departament de Qu´ımica Departament de Qu´ımica Bellaterra, 6 de Juny de 2017 iii The present dissertation was carried out with the following financial support: CTQ2009-12128 Nuevas plataformas microflu´ıdicaspara la miniaturizaci´on de sistemas (bio)anal´ıticos integrados e intensificaci´onde procesos de producci´onde nanomateriales. Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci´on,co- funded by FEDER. 2009SGR0323 Convocat`oriade suport als Grups de Recerca de Catalunya. Departament d'Universitats, Recerca i Societat de la Informaci´o,Gen- eralitat de Catalunya. FI-DGR 2012 Pre-doctoral scholarship FI-DGR granted by the Ag`enciade Gesti´od'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca, Generalitat de Catalunya, and co-funded by the ESF. CTQ2012-36165 Miniaturizacio´on,integraci´ony paralelizaci´onde ensayos qu´ımicosy biol´ogicosmediante nuevas plataformas de microflu´ıdica.Min- isterio de Econom´ıay Competitividad, co-funded by FEDER. 2014SGR837 Ajuts per donar suport a les activitats dels Grups de Recerca. Departament d'Universitats, Recerca i Societat de la Informaci´o,Gen- eralitat de Catalunya. v The present dissertation was carried out with the following collaborations: Universitat Aut`onomade Barcelona Prof. Jordi Mas, Ferran Pujol-Vila, N´uriaVigu´es-Frantzen and N´uriaTom´as,from the Grup de Microbiolo- gia Ambiental. Dr. Joan Garcia and Javier Hell´ın,from the Dept. of Electronic Engineering. Prof. Manel L´opez-B´ejar,Dr. Maria Sab´es- Alsina, Dr. Roser Morat´o,Dr. Oriol Tall´o-Parra and Laura Rodr´ıguez- V´azquez,from the Dept. of Animal Health and Anatomy. Dr. Emma Rossinyol-Casals from the Servei de Microsc`opia. ICMAB-CSIC Dr. Jordi Faraudo, from the Materials Simulation and The- ory Group and Dr. Xavier Granados, from the Superconducting Materi- als and Large Scale Nanostructures group. ICN2 Prof. Laura M. Lechuga and Gerardo A. L´opez-Mu~noz from the Nanobiosen- sors and Bioanalytical Applications group. Universidad de Granada Prof. Luis Ferm´ınCapit´an-Vallvey and Dr. Al- fonso Salinas-Castillo, from the ECSens group. vii To the women of my life . my mother, Inma my partner, Susanna my daughter, Inma Acknowledgements Parec´ıaque nunca iban a llegar este momento y estas l´ıneas,pero el viaje est´atocando a su fin. Aunque m´asque un final de trayecto, parece un salto entre dos trenes en marcha y a toda velocidad. Cuantos lugares y gentes des- cubrir´eall´adonde aterrice, est´apor ver. Pero yo no ser´ıael mismo sin este largo camino a mis espaldas en que se convirti´oel doctorado. Por eso quiero dar las gracias a tantos que compartieron un trocito de camino y de s´ımismos conmigo, de quienes tanto he aprendido. En primer lugar, quiero agradecer la confianza y la libertad que me dieron mis directores, Mar y Juli´an.Hab´eiscreado un espacio para aprender y crecer a todos los niveles (eso s´ı,con unos juguetes de 200.000 AC!), y aunque quiz´as no os lo parezca, lo apreciamos mucho. Mar, gr`aciesper ser-hi sempre, tant en els moments bons com en els dolents, amb un somriure i sempre optimis- ta. Gr`aciespels teus consells i les nostres discussions, que sempre he tingut molt en compte tot i que de vegades no t'ho sembl´es. I gr`aciestamb´eper les correccions de la tesi, que penso que han propiciat un salt qualitatiu molt important. Juli´an,gracias por ser un ejemplo y apostar por m´ı,ya que no era una jugada sencilla, por muchos motivos. Pero pienso que no ha salido nada mal, nos hemos sobrevivido y hemos hecho cosas muy interesantes. Gracias a ambos, esta tesis y todo lo que ha crecido a su alrededor os lo debo a vosotros. Quiero tambi´endar las gracias a Albert y Jealemy, mis mentores cient´ıficos en Enschede, sin los cuales posiblemente no hubiese escogido el tortuoso camino de la investigaci´on. It was a pleasure to work with you (even in the sinking SMCT) and I learned a lot both scientifically and personally. I will never forget those days in the Laangezijds, the \nanobullshit", Albert's star roles in the goodbye movies, the ups and downs of the PhD life . Thinking back, I've encountered many similar situations throughout my PhD. That year in the Netherlands turned my world upside down, and you were an important part of it. I would also like to thank Prof. Aldrik Velders and the SMCT for giving me the chance to spend a year in their lab, where I started my scientific career. xi Cuando entr´een el GSB para hacer el m´aster,poco me imaginaba lo que se avecinaba. Gracias a todos los que me acogisteis como uno m´asy me conver- tisteis en un \artesano" de la fabricaci´onde dispositivos microflu´ıdicos(aun- que casi olvid´eque era un qu´ımico).Gracias tambi´en por todo lo que hemos compartido fuera del laboratorio, aquellas ya lejanas noches en el gallego, las barbacoas, los fines de semana en el Delta . Oriol, moltes gr`aciesper la teva paci`enciainfinita amb la CNC, sense tu no hauria pogut fabricar ni un clauer. Sara, fuiste una compa~neragenial en \Optics"` y un ejemplo de trabajo duro y organizaci´on.Pedro, gracias por ense~narmeel arte de la cer´amicay por tu visi´onde la microfabricaci´onen general. Tony, qu´epuedo decir de ti, llevamos desde primero de carrera jun- tos . y te has convertido en un referente para m´ı.Nat`alia,gracias por esos caf´esy charlas a pesar de que no empez´aramosdemasiado bien (ya no parezco tan malo, verdad?). Eva, perdona per robar-te sempre el soldador, l'estany o els cables, i gr`aciesper la teva positivitat. Alex,` mucha suerte en tu nueva aventura profesional (no siempre todo funciona como pensamos), echar´ede menos compartir el lab contigo y nuestras discusiones sobre la NBA (sobreto- do cuando la ganen los Warriors). Quiero tambi´endar gracias a todos los que pasaron por el GSB si bien m´asbrevemente, estudiantes de grado o m´aster, Erasmus portugueses . pero que han sido parte del viaje. Esta tesis tampoco ser´ıala misma sin mucha otra gente que ha aportado su inestimable conocimiento y esfuerzo. Moltes gr`aciesal Prof. Jordi Mas per obrir-me les portes del seu laboratori de microbiologia i al Ferran i les N´uriesper tot el que em vau ensenyar durant els matins de r`adio,xerrameca i feina. La col·laboraci´odels Doctors Xavier Granados y Jordi Faraudo va ´esser indispensable pels resultats presentats al Cap´ıtol3. Els escalfadors encara no funcionarien sense l'ajuda de la Dra. Cynthia Mart´ınez-Cisneros,el Dr. Joan Garcia, el Javier Hell´ıno l'Oscar Maroto. Tambi´enquiero dar las gracias a Gerardo L´opez por su ayuda con las deposiciones de oro para los calentadores de COC. Menci´oespecial pels Veterinaris, ja que ´esuna d'aquelles hist`oriesde les quals te'n sents particularment orgull´osper haver-la portat des de la concepci´o fins al final (tot i que podem fer moltes m´escoses plegats!). Tot va sorgir del no res, fent unes cerveses amb l'Ori i va acabar amb o`ocitsdins de cassettes (no, no ´esnom´es una hist`oriade borratxos). Gr`aciesManel, Ori, Maria, Ana¨ıs i Laura per fer-me sentir com a casa al vostre laboratori. Gr`aciestamb´ea la Roser per compartir les matinades (a les 4 al lab!) amb la Maria i amb mi. O potser elles ni tan sols dormien la nit anterior . Quiero dar las gracias a Alfonso, por toda su experiencia con los Carbon Dots y por darle un toque de sur a esta tesis. Espero poder compartir contigo m´ascongresos como el de Alicante y unas buenas cervezas por Granada. This thesis would not look the same without LATEX. I want to thank my xii cousin Carlos for introducing me to this beautiful typesetting system. I would also like to thank the LATEX community at StackExchange for having taken the time to stumble upon all the same problems I found. During these last years I have been sharing home and much of my time with some amazing people, the Jovellaners. It certainly felt like we starred in Friends. You guys deserve a lot of credit for standing me, cheering me up on the bad moments and for celebrating the good ones. Gr`aciestamb´ea tots els amics de Terrassa, que tot i que ens veiem molt menys del que m'agradaria, s´e que sempre hi s´on.A m´esa m´es,vull agra¨ıra l'Adri el seu incre¨ıbletalent amb la fotografia. Estic segur que qualsevol persona que fullegi la tesi sabr`aquines fotos s´onmeves.
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