ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

Ordinary River Sand Mine, Lankapalli Village, Pamidimukkala Mandal, , Environmental Management Plan

Introduction 1.1 Background In a developmental activity like Ordinary sand mining, all the exercise must co-exist satisfactorily with its surrounding condition so as to minimize the adverse impact on the environment. To control the likely adverse impacts and to achieve this goal, it is necessary to prepare a sound and Environmental Management Plan, which has to be implemented by the proponents, in order to achieve environmental protection along with productionprofits.

Government of Andhra Pradesh proposes to give specified sand bearing area for ordinary sand by way of allotment of the specified sand bearing area by draw of lots over an extent of 4.168 hectares of Lankapalli village, Pamidimukkala Mandal, Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh. The proposal is submitted for environmental clearance as per the Minor Mineral Concession Rules issued by Industries & Commerce (Mines-1) Department, Government of Andhra Pradesh vide G. O. Ms. No. 154 dated 15- 11-2012 and APWALT Act'2002.

Asst. Director of Mines and Geology, Govt. of Andhra Pradesh, , Krishna District has filed an application for quarry lease for Ordinary Sand mine over an extent of 4.168 hectares Lankapalli village, Pamidimukkala Mandal, Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh to the Assistant Director of Mines andGeology.

1.2 Projectproponent

Asst. Director of Mines and Geology, Govt. of Andhra Pradesh, Vijayawada, Krishna District has been granted quarry lease for mining of ordinary sand over an extent of 4.168hectares of Lankapalli village, Pamidimukkala Mandal, Krishna District, AndhraPradesh.

Proposed project The proposed project is located in Lankapalli village, Pamidimukkala Mandal, Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh over an area of 4.168ha. The nearest habitation, Lankapalli village is located at a distance of 1.0km from lease area. The proposed production is 41,680Cu.m for a period of one year. The Salient features of the proposed Quarry Lease (QL) area is presented in Table 1.1

2

Ordinary River Sand Mine, Lankapalli Village, Pamidimukkala Mandal, Krishna District,Andhra Pradesh Environmental Management Plan

Table 1.1: Salient Features of Proposed Quarry Lease Area

Name of the Applicant & Address Asst. Director of Mines and Geology, Govt of Andhra Pradesh, Vijayawada, Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh. Type of activity Ordinary Sand Mining Production Capacity 41,680Cu.m for a period of oneyear Location of the Proposed project or activity Sand Reach : Ordinary Sand (Lankapalli-5) Lankapalli Village, Pamidimukkala Mandal, Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh Appraisal Category B2 Quarry Lease (QL) Area & Period 4.168 Hectares & 1Year Type of Land Government Land Nearest habitation and distance Lankapalli Village –1.0 km Source of water Through tankers or nearby bore wells

Nearest Railway station Nearest railway station is Vijayawada which is at 40 Km in NW of the quarry lease area. Total investment of the project/activity. Rs. 8Lakhs

Survey of Topo sheet E44U16 Man power requirement 15

Geographical Co-ordinates of Mine Lease Area:

Boundary Latitude Longitude Point R N16°14’09.25" E080°43''48.02" S N16°14’10.25" E080°43''51.90" T N16°14’20.65" E080°43''47.87" U N16°14’19.75" E080°43''43.90" V N16°14’15.22" E080°43''44.98"

1.4 Project location andAccessibility

Amenities like post & Telegraph office Police station, primary health centreetc are available at Pamidimukkala is located at the distance of 7Km from the quarry lease applied area, which is also a Mandal head quarter.

3

Ordinary River Sand Mine, Lankapalli Village, Pamidimukkala Mandal, Krishna District,Andhra Pradesh Environmental Management Plan

1.5 Geology and Exploration Topography: The proposed Quarrying area is almost plain terrain and is part of Krishna River Bed. The Quarry lease area is having topographic relief of 3.0m MSL with slope due South and south East. A high flood level of 12m MSL and a Low Flood level of 0.1m MSL are reported. The banks of the river Krishna is slightly elevated by about 0.5m to 1.0m from the base o the river bed formed by flood plain. Regional Geology: The region of the subject area belongs to recent alluvium of Quaternary fluvial origin. Charnokite and khondalite from the major litho units belonging to Eastern Ghats super Group of Archaean Age. Granite Gneiss is observed to the Eastern portion of the Krishna River. 1.6 Exploration/Prospecting a) PresentStatus: It is a new Quarry. The Preliminary survey has been done. The applied area does not contain any forest cover. The area does not consist any wildlife.

b) FutureProgramme:- No further exploration is proposed as the mineral deposition is in the form of unconsolidated sediments and feasible for exploitation is restricted to one meter depth. Reserves As per the records of ADM&G Vijayawada, there are no workings done for the year 2018-19.The resources of sand are estimated by volumetric method by taking the surface area multiplied by proved depth of the sand deposit i.e. max. 1m. The reserves calculations are as follows: RESERVE CALUCLATION Area in Sq.m : 41,680Sq.m Depth Of the Sand in meter : 1m Total Reserves in Cum : 41,680Cu.m

5.3 MINEABLE RESERVES AND THE LIFE OF THE MINE: The total mineable reserves as explained are 41,680 m3 and the life of the mine is 1 year. Mineable Reserve / Production Proposed = Life of the Mine 41,680 / 41,680 = 1 Year

4

Ordinary River Sand Mine, Lankapalli Village, Pamidimukkala Mandal, Krishna District,Andhra Pradesh Environmental Management Plan

Mining Methodology The proposed quarrying operation is by Manual Opencast Quarrying. The Quarry operations will be done manually without using any type of machinery. The sand shall be scooped with hand held shovels and loaded into baskets. These baskets are then loaded onto 3M3 tractors. 1.10 Man Power Requirement for Mining Operations A total of 15 persons shall be engaged to carry out the various operations at the mine area. There is a scope of another 3 person’s employment as indirect employment.

Utilities Water Requirement: Total water requirement for the proposed mine is 8.0 KLD. It will be sourced through water tankers from nearby villages.

Water Requirement Total Water Requirement Requirement (KLD) For Dust Suppression on haul roads 4.0 Dust suppression on pit 2.0 Greenbelt Development 1.0 Domestic 1.0 Total 8.0 KLD

Site Amenities: First aid box and drinking water facility will be available at the site. Temporary rest shelter will be provided at the site.

2.0 ClimaticConditions Table - 2.1: Climatic Conditions Nearest IMD station - Maximum : 49.00C Maximum, Minimum Temperature Minimum : 17.00C

5

Ordinary River Sand Mine, Lankapalli Village, Pamidimukkala Mandal, Krishna District,Andhra Pradesh Environmental Management Plan

Annual rainfall in mm 1078.2 mm

Mean Wind Speed 5.4 km/hr (Source: Climatalogical Norms (1961-1990): IMD)

2.1 Flora and Fauna of Krishna River SandMines River sand used for construction should be free from clay and other fine soil particles. River sand when dry is loose and gets drifted easily by wind. Recent sand deposits are usually devoid of any plants or animals. Stabilized old deposits are sparsely covered with psammophytes and sand binders. Such deposits are rich in clay and other fine soil particles and hence unsuitable for construction activity. Hydrosere and Psammosere are examples of ecological succession that occur in relatively undisturbed habitats. A list of plants growing on sand dunes is given in Table - 2.1. There are no rare or endangered or threaten (RET) species. Since sand is obtained from recent deposits, plants are very rarely found on such deposits. Plant species that are occasionally found in the sand mine areas are indicated by *.

Table – 2.1: List of plants found on consolidated sand dunes and along the boundaries of the sand mine. Plants found in the sand mine are indicated by * Scientific Name Common Name Family Ammanniabaccifera Monarch red stem Lythraceae Bulbostylisbarbata * Water grass Cyperaceae Chloris barbata Swollen finger grass Poaceae Chrozophoraplicata Giradol Euphorbiaceae Cleome viscosa Yellow spider flower Cleomaceae Croton bonplandianum Ban Tulasi Euphorbiaceae Cyperuscompressus* Hedgehog sedge Cyperaceae Cyperusdigitatus Finger flat sedge Cyperaceae Cyperusiria * Rice Flat sedge Cyperaceae Cyperusrotundus Nut grass Cyperaceae Cyperus triceps Guinea Rush Cyperaceae Cyprus longus Umbrella sedge Cyperaceae Ecliptaprostrata * False Daisy Asteraceae Eichhorniacrassipes Water hyacinth Pontederiaceae Imperatacylindrica Blady grass or Darbha Poaceae Ipomoea aquatica Water spinach Convolvulaceae Ipomoea carnea Pink Morning Glory Convolvulaceae Malachracapitata VilayatiBhindi Malvaceae Partheniumhysterophorus Congress grass Asteraceae Saccaharumspontaneum Wild sugarcane Poaceae Solanum anthocarpum Thai Egg Plant Solanaceae

6

Ordinary River Sand Mine, Lankapalli Village, Pamidimukkala Mandal, Krishna District,Andhra Pradesh Environmental Management Plan

Tamarixdioica Fresh water Tamarix Tamaricaceae Typhaangustata Lesser Cattail Typhaceae

A list of frogs, toads, turtles, snails, crabs and insects found in association with river sand deposits is given in Table 2.2. The lists of snails are identified by collecting the shells from the sand by sieving. A list of birds found in close proximity to the sand mines is given in Table – 2.3. None of them belongs to the rare or endangered or threatened (RET) category.

Table – 2.2: List of amphibians, turtles, snails, Crab and insects found in association with river sand deposits. General Scientific name Remarks name Duttaphrynusmelanostictus Toad Widespread in dry areas Fejervaryalimnocharis Frog Common pond Frog Hoplobatrachustigerinus Frog Indian bull frog Lissemyspunctata Turtle Rest onsand Pangshura tentoria Turtle Rest onsand Lamellidensmarginalis Snail Parreysiacorrugata Snail Pila conica Snail Identified on the basis of shells collected when Pila globosa Snail sand is sieved Pila virens Snail Radiatulapilata Snail Paratelphusahydrodromus Crab Found in wet sand Gryllusassimilis Cricket Found in wet sand Rubricanasuta Wasp Found in wet sand Rhopaeamagnicornis Beetle Found in wet sand Phyllotocusrufipennis Beetle Found in wet sand

Table – 2.3: List of birds either spotted or reported from the surroundings of Sand Mine. Scientific name Common name WPASchedule Acridotherestristis CommonMyna IV Anasacuta Pintail IV Anasclypeata Shoveller IV Anaspoecilorhyncha Spot bill Duck IV Anasstrepera Gadwall IV Anhinga melanogaster Indian Darter (Snake bird) IV Anseranser Graylag geese IV Anserindicus Bar headed Geese IV Ardeacinerea Grey Heron IV

7

Ordinary River Sand Mine, Lankapalli Village, Pamidimukkala Mandal, Krishna District,Andhra Pradesh Environmental Management Plan

Ardeapurpurea Purple Heron IV Bubulcus ibis Paddy field Egret IV Ciconiaepiscopus White necked Stork IV Ciconianigra Black stork IV Corvussplendens Common Crow IV Dendrocygnajavanica Lesser whistling Teal IV Ephippiorhynchusasiaticus Black necked stork IV Esacusrecurvirostris Great stone-curlew IV Fulicaatra Common Coot IV Gallinulachloropus Common Moorhen IV Grus Common Crane IV Halcyon smyrnensis White breastedkingfisher IV Mergus merganser Common Merganser IV Milvus migrans Black kite IV Nettarufina Red crested Pochard IV Recurvirostraavosetta Pied Avocet IV Rynchopsalbicollis Indian skimmer IV Tadornaferruginea Brahminy Duck IV Tadornatadorna Common Shelduck IV

4.0 Project Specific Impacts & Environmental ManagementPlan

To check harmful effects of mining activity in lease area Environmental Management plan has been proposed. Environmental management approach includes action to protect environment by using instruments, direct regulatory requirements or incorporating technological features. It provides the remedial solutions of theproblems. 4.1 Air Environment Anticipated impacts and control measures  From the riverbed sand mine major sources of air pollution are due to gaseous emissions from vehicularmovement.  It is suggested to take up the following control measures to minimize the impact due to mining on airenvironment.  Regular spraying of water by water sprinklingsystem.  Excavation and loading operations will be suspended during high windy periods.  Timely maintenance of vehicles to minimize air pollution due tovehicles.  Dust masks foremployees.  Care will be taken to prevent spillage of sand by covering the carrying vehicles with tarpaulin and sprinkling of water, ifdry.

8

Ordinary River Sand Mine, Lankapalli Village, Pamidimukkala Mandal, Krishna District,Andhra Pradesh Environmental Management Plan

 Fortnightly scraping of road in order to keep the roads almost leveled. This will ensure smooth flow of vehicles and also preventspillage.  Overloading will not bepermitted.  On unpaved roads, speed of vehicles will berestricted.  Proper Tuning of vehicles to keep the gas emissions undercheck.  Plantation of trees along the roads to help reduce the impact of dust in the nearbyvillages.

4.2 Noise Environment Anticipated impacts andevaluation As there will be no heavy earth moving machinery there will not be any major impact on noise level due to the mining and other association. Blasting technique is not used for Sand lifting, hence no possibility of land vibration. It was found that the mining activity will not have any significant impact on the noise environment of the region. The only impact will be due to transportation of materials bytrucks.

Mitigation measures

 As the only impact is due to transportation of Sand to the construction though village roads, emphasis will be given on the followingpoints.  Minimum use of Horns at the villagearea.  Timely maintenance of vehicles and their silencers to minimize vibration and sound.  Provision of green belts along the roadnetworks.  Care will be taken to produce minimum sound duringloading.

4.3 WaterEnvironment

The project activity is carried out in the meandering part of the river bed. It is not proposed to divert or truncate any stream. No proposal is envisaged for pumping of water either from the river or tapping the ground water within the mine lease. In the lean months, the proposed sand mining will not expose the base flow of the river and hence, there will not be any adverse impact on surface hydrology and ground water regime due to this project. Hence no impact on water environment due to proposed mine.

4.4 GreenbeltDevelopment

Plantation is not possible as the entire area is occupied by sand. However plantation of trees should be carried out along the roads to help reduce the impact of dust in the nearby villages.

9

Ordinary River Sand Mine, Lankapalli Village, Pamidimukkala Mandal, Krishna District,Andhra Pradesh Environmental Management Plan

List of native species suggested for avenue plantation along the roads is given in table below. List of plants recommended for Avenue plantations along the river banks in Krishna Botanical Name Common /Local name Family Albizialebbeck Siris Mimosaceae Alstoniascholaris Yedaakulapaala Apocynaceae Anthocephalusindica Kadamba Rubiaceae Artocarpushetrophyllus Jack fruit Moraeaae Azadirachtaindica Neem Meliaceae Callistemon citrinus Bottle brush tree Myrtaceae Cassia fistula Rela / Golden shower Caesalpiniaceae Ficusbenjaminia Weeping Fig Moraceae Ficuselastica Rubber plant Moraceae Grevillea pteridifolia Silky Grevillea Proteaceae Grevillea robusta Silver Oak Proteaceae Jacaranda acutifolia Jacaranda Bignomiaceae Kigeliaafricana Cucumbertree Bignomiaceae Mangiferaindca Mango Anacardiaceae Melia dubia Malabar neem Meliaceae Micheliachampaca ChettuSampenga Magnoliaceae Muntingiacalabura JamaicaCherry Muntingiaceae Polyalthia pendula Ashoka Annonaceae Saracaindica Seetha Asoka Caesalpiniaceae Spathodiacompanulata Flame of the forest Bignoniaceae Syzygiumcumini Jamun Myrtaceae Tabebuiaargentea Silver trumpet tree Bignoniaceae Tabebuiarosea Pink trumpet tree Bignoniaceae Terminalia arjuna Tellamaddi Combretaceae Terminalia catappa Almond Combretaceae

4.5 Land environment Anticipated impacts and mitigation measures Major impacts due to riverbed sand mining on land environment are:  Damage of river bank due to access ramps to riverbed.  Contamination of sand aquifer water due toponding.

Mitigation Mitigation measures proposed for minimizing impact on land environment due to river bed sand mining are detailed asbelow:

 Sand will be extracted up to only 1 m.depth.

10

Ordinary River Sand Mine, Lankapalli Village, Pamidimukkala Mandal, Krishna District,Andhra Pradesh Environmental Management Plan

 Minimum number of access roads to river bed for which cutting of river banks will be avoided and ramps are to bemaintained.  Access points to the river bed will be decided basing on least steepness of river bank and least humanactivity  Mining schedule is synchronized with the river flow direction and the gradient of theland  Care will be taken to ensure that ponds are not formed in the riverbed  Annual sand replenishment study to be carried by the concerned department by establishing observatorystations.

4.6 Solid wastemanagement:

No waste will be generated as the entire sand mined is marketable and utilized. Hence, dumping yard does not arise.

4.7 Impacts of sand mining on flora andfauna:

Sand is a medium in which many small insects and mollusks take shelter. One can come across crabs and frogs also though rarely. Since good quality sand suitable for construction is devoid of any clay and other fine particles, it does not support the growth of plants. Sand quarrying does not involve any kind of drilling or blasting and hence the impacts are limited to the area from which sand is extracted. Dust emissions can be easily suppressed by spraying water before loading. However, on account of sand extraction, all plants growing on the sand deposits and all sedentary or slow moving animals get loaded into the trucks where they get buried. During transport of sand, turtles and frogs may get crushed under the wheels of the vehicles. Thus sand extraction can adversely impact them. But fortunately there is no evidence of occurrence of any RET species in these sand quarries. Hence, the sand mining in the proposed area is not going to lead to the elimination of any RET species. The major objective of conservation of biodiversity is the conservation of RET species. Thus River sand mining in accordance with adequate safeguards as defined by law and rules is capable of minimizing the negative impacts on flora and fauna.

4.8 Measures to Improve Socio EconomicConditions As this is small mine the lease holder will not be able to provide housing, educational, housing etc. facilities but he will increase employment opportunities.

4.9 Occupational Safety & HealthManagement General Workplace Health and Safety.

The identified risk and safeguard measures are detailed below:

11

Ordinary River Sand Mine, Lankapalli Village, Pamidimukkala Mandal, Krishna District,Andhra Pradesh Environmental Management Plan

 Sand will be loaded in the trucks using hand shovels. There is possibility of injury in the hands during loading withshovels.  There is possibility that the workers standing on the other side of loading may get injury due to over thrown sand withpebbles.  First aid kit should be readily available at the minesite.  There is possibility of workers getting injured during opening of side covers to facilitateloading.  There is possibility of riverbankcollapse.  There are chances of falling of cattle/children into pits in river bed by overlooking of fenced area near worksite or impropersupervision.

Measures to Prevent Accidents during Loading

 The truck should be brought to a lower level so that the loading operation suits to the ergonomic condition of theworkers.  The loading should be done from one side of the truckonly.  The workers should be provided with gloves and safety shoes during loading.  Opening of the side covers should be done carefully and with warning to prevent injury to theloaders.  Mining operations should be carried out during daylightonly.  No foreign material should be allowed to remain/spill in river bed and catchment area, or no pits/pockets are allowed to be filled with such material.  Stockpiling of harvested material on the river bank should beavoided.

Accident due to vehicular movement Sand loaded in trucks will be sent to end users through public roads. Accidents may cause due to the following reasons:  All possibilities of road accidents are possible due to rashdriving.  Accident may also occur during movement in the mine, in case pathway is not compacted suitably or movement is at theembankment.  There are possibilities due tooverloading.

Measures to Prevent Accidents during Transportation  All transportation within the main working should be carried out directly under the supervision and control of themanagement.

12

Ordinary River Sand Mine, Lankapalli Village, Pamidimukkala Mandal, Krishna District,Andhra Pradesh Environmental Management Plan

 The Vehicles must be maintained in good repairs and checked thoroughly at least once a week by the competent person authorized for the purpose by the Management.  To avoid danger while reversing the trackless vehicles especially at the embankment and tipping points, all areas for reversing of Lorries should be made man free as far aspossible.  Generally, overloading should not bepermitted.  The truck should be covered and maintained to prevent anyspillage.  The maximum permissible speed limit should beensured.  The truck drivers should have proper drivinglicense.

Inundation/Flooding

 The possibility of inundation/flooding of the mines are very high during monsoon or during heavy rains as the mine area lies in theriverbed.  There is danger to the trucks and other machineries due toflooding.  There is danger to the workers working in themines.

Measures to prevent Dangerous Incidents during Inundation/Flooding  Inundation of flooding is expected and beneficial for these mines as during this time only the mineral reserve getsreplenished.  During monsoon months and heavy rains the mining operations will be ceased.

5.0 Post Project Monitoring Ground water table should be monitored in the nearby villages on quarterly basis and should be submitted to MOEF and APPCB. Annual sand replenishment study to be carried by the concerned department.

Budget for Environmental Protection Measures Asst. Director of Mines and Geology, Govt of Andhra Pradesh, Vijayawada, Krishna District is allocating budget of Capital cost of Rs. 2,65,000/- and recurring cost of Rs. 1,00,000/- per annum. The details are given below in Table 6.1.

13

Ordinary River Sand Mine, Lankapalli Village, Pamidimukkala Mandal, Krishna District,Andhra Pradesh Environmental Management Plan

Table - 6.1: Environmental Management Plan budget The cost of the project: 8 Lakhs EMP budget of Capital cost: Rs. 2, 65,000 Recurring cost: Rs. 1, 00,000/- per annum

Item Capital Recurring S.No Remarks Cost (Rs.) Cost (Rs.) Occupational Health & Safety 1 Safety Shoes 45,000 - Capital Cost 2 Helmet 10,000 - - Need based 10,000 3 Hand gloves - Calculation

4 Air Pollution - - 5 Water Sprinkling 50,000 50,000 6 Green belt 1,50,000 50,000 Planting along the approach road or by nearby village road Total 2,65,000 1,00,000

6.1 Reclamation No reclamation process has been proposed as the reclamation takes place naturally in the mined area due to the flow of sediment carrying water over the area.

Conclusions The proposed Ordinary sand mining activities of Asst. Director of Mines and Geology, Govt of Andhra Pradesh, Vijayawada, Krishna District at Ordinary River Sand Reach of Lankapalli village, Pamidimukkala Mandal, Krishna District will be not cause much environmental impacts on surrounding areas with the suggested pollution control measures.

------***************------

14