2015 State Floriculture NORTH DAKOTA FFA FLORICUTLURE CAREER DEVELOPMENT EVENT WRITTEN EXAM (5 POINTS EACH) Please record all of your answers on the computer scorecard that has been provided. You must use a No. 2 pencil on this card. Please, do not mark any answers on the exam sheets.
1. During propagation, such as seed germination and plug seedling production, and in liner (rooted cutting) production, temperatures are ______than they are during finished crop production. a. higher b.. lower c. Stratification d. Scarification
2. This element is essential for strong stems, strong roots and deep flower color. A deficiency in plants shows up as weak stems and yellowing and browning leaves at their tips and edges: a. Nitrogen b.. Phosphorous c. Potassium d. Iron
3. Combined ingredients in floral preservatives all work in harmony to maintain quality and extend the post care period. Which of the following is not one of the three primary compontents: a. Biocide b. Sugar c. Acidifier d. Growth Regulator
4. Snapdragons can be stored for three to four days, dry or in water, at 40 degrees F (4 degrees C) a. True b. False
5. The floral design of the ______influence emphasizes careful and significant placement of every flower, branch or leaf. a. Egyptians b. Greeks and Romans c. Japanese d. Italians
6. Flowers are ______percent water. a. 60 b. 90 c. 40 d. 10
7. A stem with the from and function of a leaf: a. Column b. Navicular c. Amorphous d. Cladophyll
8. When spores germinate, they form a small ______leaf like structure known as the prothallus. a. black b. yellow c. green d. brown
9. The advantage of a good artificial media are: a. It is sterile and uniform in content b. It is lighter in weight and therefore easier to handle and ship than natural soil c. It has good drainage and moisture holding ability d. All the above 10. Azaleas are vegetatively propagated from stem or tip cuttings harvested from actively growing plants. While rooting is relatively easy, growing a “florist” azalea takes as long as ______to ______. a. 12, 24 months b. 2, 3 months c. 2, 3 years d. 1, 2 years
11. A horticulture term meaning to be covered with short soft hairs: a. Variegated b. Ratoon c. Punctate d. Pubescent
12. A gloxinia is classified as a ______. a. Permanent foliage potted plant b. Permanent flowering potted plant c. Temporary flowering potted plant d. Temporary foliage potted plant
13. As roots grow, their tips are protected from coarse soil. This is accomplished by a mass of cells called the ______? a. Root cap b. Adventitious Root c. Secondary roots d. Basal root
14. The main propagation method of tuberous begonias is: a. Tubers b. Cuttings c. Bulbs d. Seed propagation
15. The Lilium longiflorum are produced on the ______around the ______border. a. west coast; Oregon-California b. East coast; Maine-New Hampshire c. Gulf coast; Texas-Mexico d. East coast; Florida-Georgia
16. Which of the following were not part of the Greek (Classical) Period 600-146 BC: a. Garlands b. Wreaths c. Sachets d. Cornucopia
17. Which is not an example of a “Temporary plant”? a. African Violet b. Easter Lily c. Cyclamen d. Gloxinia
18. The genus and species name for carnation is: a. Hyacinths orientalis b. Dianthus caryophyllus c. Anemone coronaria d. Euphorbia pulcherriria
19. Odd numbers should be used in arrangements when fewer than ______flowers of one kind are used. a. 10 b. 8 c. 3 d. 20
20. Chemical growth retardants are registered for use on vegetable or other edible bedding plants such as tomatoes (Lycopersicion esculentum), peppers (Capsicum annuum), and herbs. a. True b. False 21. ______capacity is the measure of a medium’s capacity to hold nutrients. a. Aeration b. Conservatory c. Caution exchange d. Chamber
22. Cold sensitive flowers are subject to chilling injury at temperatures below: a. 32 degrees F b. 50 degrees F c. 80 degrees F d. 60 degrees F
23. Wavelengths are measured in ______with specific wavelengths corresponding to specific ______. a. nanometers, colors b. kilometers, size c. centimeters, weight d. pedometers, width
24. Top five cut flower producing states include: a. Ohio, Tennessee, Mississippi, New Mexico and Virginia b. California, Texas, Utah, New York, Arkansas c. California, Florida, Hawaii, Colorado and Pennsylvania d. Washington state, Oklahoma, Wyoming and Nevada
25. Humidity around indoor plants can be increased by a. Spraying fine mist of water on the leaves b. Using watertight tray with pea gravel and water around the gravel. c. Using a humidifier d. All of the above
26. Corsages are most commonly worn on the ______a. left shoulder b. right shoulder c. left wrist d. right wrist
27. The color harmony achieved in an arrangement by using two or three colors found near each other on the color wheel is called: a. Supplementary b . Monochromatic c. Polychromatic d. Analogous
28. A good example of a CAM plant is the: a. Kalanchoe b. Rose c. Poinsetta d. Zinnia
29. What is considered the “bread and butter” income of many small florists? a. Sympathy flowers b. Weddings c. Holidays d. None of the above
30. The florists’ Gloxinia and African violet are members of which plant family a. Legume b. Composite c. Gesneriaceae d. Caryophyllaceae
31. Which of the following is a typical range for the humidity of a flower cooler? a. 40-65% b. 80-90% c. 65-80% d. 90-95%
32. Photoperiodism is a phytochrome-mediated response. a. True b. false 33. The florist wire is used tin corsage and bout construction to: a. Hold the flowers in correct position b. Make arranging easier c. Prevent the flower heads from breaking off the stems d. All of the above
34. Production of a chemical compound by one plant that slows down or stops the growth of another plant: a. Biostimulant b. Apical Dominance c. Allelopathy d. Stimulants
35. The point on a plant stem where one or more leaves are attached is known as a. a truss b. a petiole c. an internode d. a node
36. While it costs ______to produce pinched plans in terms of ______and ______, the ______quality is achieved with pinched plants in terms of size, fullness, and flower performance. a. Less, fluffiness, production, best b. More, labor, time, highest c. More, production, storage, lower d. Less, labor, time. Lowest
37. In all arrangements when looking at the principles of design, the floral designer is striving for emphasis, balance, proportion, ______, ______and unity. a. texture, color b. depth, height c. rhythm, harmony d. interest, desire
38. Dry packed flowers are flowers that are cooled very quickly at the grower and kept cool throughout the shipping process: a. True b. False
39. Potted plants such as a potted amaryllis can be forced into dormancy by withholding? a. Fertilizer b. Light c. Warmth d. Water
40. Which of the following is not a bulb crop: a. Hyacinth b. Tulip c. Freesia d. Salvia
41. Floriculture is defined literally as “______” but includes florist shops, flower retailers, wholesale florist, production greenhouses and floral supply companies. a. culture of flowers b. industry of flowers c. culture of horticulture d. culture of floral arranging
42. ______is the unit of illumination that equals the light of one candle at a distance of one foot. a. foot-light b. Candle-foot c. light-foot d. foot-candle 43. A type of propagation in which the propagule remains attached to the parent plant is termed: a. Layering b. Stem Cutting c. Root Cutting d. Division
44. The nighttime temperature of indoor plants should be ______degrees cooler than that of the daytime temperature. a. 5 to 10 b. 3 to 4 c. 20 to 30 d. 10 to 15
45. A repeated combination of line, form, color, texture, and/or space represents: a. Line b. Rhythem c. Pattern d. Proportion
46. When designing a perennial garden, which of the following is NOT an important factor to consider: a. Soil b. Spacing Requirements c. Time of Blooming d. Fragrance of flowers
47. A perennial bed should be mulched because it______. a. creates aesthetic enhancement b. helps control weeds c. helps to keep the roots cool d. all of the above
48. Which of the following is NOT considered a secondary color: a. Red b. Orange c. Green d. Violet 49. Ripening fruit, vegetables and decaying plant debris are all sources of ethylene gas, which can be harmful to Orchids. a. True b. False
50. Day length (photoperiodism) a. stimulates plants to start growing in spring b. starts the hardening off process leading to dormancy c. stimulates flowering d. all of the above 2015 State Floriculture (KEY)
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