Four Freedoms
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The Four Freedoms
ACTIVITY 1.9 WWhathat IIss FFreedom?reedom? ACTIVITY 1.9 PLAN Suggested Pacing: 2 50-minute Learning Targets class periods • Analyze the use of rhetorical features in an argumentative text. LEARNING STRATEGIES: SOAPSTone, Socratic • Compare how a common theme is expressed in different texts. Seminar TEACH • Present, clarify, and challenge ideas in order to propel conversations. 1 Read the Preview and the Setting Preview a Purpose for Reading sections with In this activity, you will read a speech delivered by President Franklin D. Roosevelt My Notes your students. Help them understand and two parts of the Constitution of the United States to root your thinking in the that they will be reading seminal foundational documents of the nation. texts of the United States to compare Setting a Purpose for Reading definitions offreedom . These texts are primary sources. Remind • Underline words and phrases that define freedom. students that primary sources are • Highlight words and phrases that describe the concepts of America and American. valuable, and context is important in • Put a star next to particularly moving rhetoric. understanding them. • Circle unknown words and phrases. Try to determine the meaning of the words 2 FIRST READ: Based on the by using context clues, word parts, or a dictionary. complexity of the passage and your knowledge of your students, you ABOUT THE AUTHOR may choose to conduct the first President Franklin Delano Roosevelt delivered this State of the Union speech reading in a variety of ways: on January 6, 1941. The speech outlines four key human rights. It acted as a reminder to the nation of the reasons for supporting Great Britain in its fight • independent reading against Germany. -
State of the Union Bingo
State of the Union Bingo Author: National Constitution Center Staff About this Lesson State of the Union Bingo is a tool designed to engage students in the President’s annual address to Congress. The lesson begins during the class prior to the address with the teacher providing background information about the State of the Union Address and examining the Constitutional requirement of the annual address. As a homework assignment, students are then each given a State of the Union Bingo card to use while watching the speech. The next class session, the cards are used as a discussion starter as well as a tool to analyze the President’s agenda for the coming year. National Constitution Center Classroom Ready Resource Grade(s) Level Background 7-12 Though today it is an annual fixture of American politics, the State of the Union Address has evolved substantially over the last two Classroom Time hundred years. Article II, Section 3 of the Constitution tasks the 20 minutes prior to address president only to “from time to time give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union,” without mention of method, comprehensiveness or frequency. In January 1790, George 45 minutes class period following Washington established an early tradition of delivering what was address called the “annual message” to a joint session of Congress. This tradition was soon broken by Thomas Jefferson who began a practice of sending a written message to Congress. It was President Materials Woodrow Wilson who became the first president to once more Copies of the United State deliver his message in person to Congress in 1913. -
Freedom from Fear? the Oxford American
Staddon, J. (1996) Freedom from fear? The Oxford American. Spring, pp. 103-106. Freedom from Fear? How belief in a pain-free utopia has discredited punishment and de-civilized society. by John Staddon Successful political slogans are usually phony. They succeed because they promise gain without pain, the reconcil- ing of the irreconcilable and win-win in a zero-sum world. Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s “four freedoms” are still remembered after two generations. Freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom from want, and freedom from fear all sound very fine, but this slogan bears scrutiny no better than others. Freedom of speech and religion are reasonable enough, perhaps. But freedom from want is problematic: Who shall define ‘want’? When does ‘want’ or ‘need’ turn into ‘wish’ and ‘desire’? And whose freedom to spend his own money shall be abridged to satisfy the presumed needs of others? But most pernicious of all is “freedom from fear,” because it seems self-evident. Punishment and the Creed of Mental Health Yet the idea that mankind could ever be free of fear is as odd as it is recent. The ancients knew the world as full of evil spirits. Sin and retribution are at the root of Judaeo-Christianity. Modern biology sees evolution as fre- quently, if not invariably, “red in tooth and claw.” But ever since Freud, a new creed, the creed of psychotherapy, has offered the prospect of mental perfection, of life not just free of evil but innocent even of the concept. The vari- eties of professional psychology and psychiatry from psychoanalysis to behaviorism, while they have argued about everything else, agree that fear can and should be banished. -
How Johnson Fought the War on Poverty: the Economics and Politics of Funding at the Office of Economic Opportunity
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES HOW JOHNSON FOUGHT THE WAR ON POVERTY: THE ECONOMICS AND POLITICS OF FUNDING AT THE OFFICE OF ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY Martha J. Bailey Nicolas J. Duquette Working Paper 19860 http://www.nber.org/papers/w19860 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 January 2014 This project was supported by the National Institutes of Health (Grant HD058065-01A1 and R03- HD066145), the National Bureau of Economic Research’s Dissertation Grant for the Study of the Nonprofit Sector (2011-2012), the Economic History Association’s Exploratory Data Collection Grant (2011), and the Rackham Centennial Graduate Fellowship (2012). We gratefully acknowledge the use of the services and facilities of the Population Studies Center at the University of Michigan (funded by NICHD Center Grant R24 HD041028). We are indebted to Price Fishback for editorial guidance and extensive comments. We are also grateful to Bill Collins and Bob Margo for providing their measures of riot intensity; to Price Fishback, Paul Rhode, and Michael Haines for sharing their information on farm operators in the 1930s; and to Paul Rhode for sharing information on the U.S. census plantation counties. We also thank Lee Alston, Sheldon Danziger, Daniel Eisenberg, Joe Ferrie, Price Fishback, David Lam, Robert Margo, Edie Ostapik, Marit Rehavi, Paul Rhode, Mel Stephens, Jeff Smith, John Wallis, Gavin Wright and participants at the 2012 Cliometrics Society Meeting for helpful comments and suggestions. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. -
Franklin Delano Roosevelt the State of the Union Address to Congress (Excerpts) Delivered January 6, 1941
1 Franklin Delano Roosevelt The State of the Union Address to Congress (excerpts) Delivered January 6, 1941 Mr. President, Mr. Speaker, Members of the Seventy-seventh Congress: I address you, the Members of the Seventy-seventh Congress, at a moment unprecedented in the history of the Union. I use the word “unprecedented,” because at no previous time has American security been as seriously threatened from without as it is today. Every realist knows that the democratic way of life is at this moment being directly assailed in every part of the world. The assailants are still on the march, threatening other nations, great and small. Therefore, as your President, performing my constitutional duty to “give to the Congress information of the state of the Union,” I find it, unhappily, necessary to report that the future and the safety of our country and of our democracy are overwhelmingly involved in events far beyond our borders. Those who man our defenses, and those behind them who build our defenses, must have the stamina and the courage which come from unshakable belief in the manner of life which they are defending. In the future days, which we seek to make secure, we look forward to a world founded upon four essential human freedoms. The first is freedom of speech and expression—everywhere in the world. The second is freedom of every person to worship God in his own way—everywhere in the world. The third is freedom from want—which, translated into world terms, means economic understandings which will secure to every nation a healthy peacetime life for its inhabitants—everywhere in the world. -
State of the Union Address – Timeline
State of the Union Address – Timeline 1790: President George Washington delivers the first "annual message of the president." 1801: Thomas Jefferson, believing the tradition of speaking to Congress is too "royal," sends his annual message in a letter. The written tradition continues for over a century. 1823: President James Monroe sends a letter to Congress which outlines the Monroe Doctrine opposing European intervention in the Americas. 1862: As Civil War battles rage, Abraham Lincoln sends his famous "last best hope" annual message to Congress. 1913: Woodrow Wilson revives the tradition of delivering the annual message in a speech to Congress. 1945: Franklin Roosevelt's speech formally becomes known as "The State of the Union." 1965: As the power of television becomes increasingly clear, Lyndon Johnson shifts the State of the Union address from midday to evening to attract a larger audience. 1986: The State of the Union is postponed for the first time after the space shuttle Challenger explodes the morning of the scheduled address. 1999: President Clinton delivers a State of the Union to a House of Representatives that has impeached him and a Senate considering his removal. 2002: In a post-September 11th world, President George W. Bush’s second State of the Union address focuses on domestic security and the “war on terror.” He signals out Iraq, Iran and North Korea for pursuing weapons of mass destruction, calling them “an axis of evil.” 2011: President Barack Obama delivered his second address amid a long-struggling economy and partisan arguments over the budget. Obama called for Americans to look forward with hope and invest in innovation and international competitiveness. -
REVISITING the FOUR FREEDOMS by Donald M
EXCLUSIVE MCUF FEATURE REVISITING THE FOUR FREEDOMS By Donald M. Bishop PHOTO: The Franklin D. Roosevelt Four Freedoms Park, located on an island in New York's East River, opened in 2012 3 • MARINE CORPS UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION • SUMMER 2019 EXCLUSIVE MCUF FEATURE Modern political warfare now includes both cyber and information operations. At MCU, Bren Chair of Strategic Communications Donald Bishop focuses his teaching and presentations on the “information” or “influence” dimension of conflict – disinformation, propaganda, persuasion, hybrid warfare – now enabled by the internet and social media. And he emphasizes that Americans, as they confront violent extremism and other threats, must know and be confident of the American values they defend. "Thanks, Grandpa, for coming to my game." Why look back at The Four Freedoms? First, in my classes at Marine Corps University, I’ve discovered that the current "I enjoyed it too, Jack. We men in our eighties don't get generation of Marines have never heard of them. Of Norman out as often as we wish. Seeing you score a run was Rockwell’s four famous paintings, they have seen only one – something. But you know, I noticed something else today. the family at Thanksgiving – and they don’t know they were "When you were at the plate, it carried me back to part of a series. Second – when Americans must articulate watching my older brother in the batter's box. You held the “what we’re for” (rather than “what we’re against”) – whether bat like he did. You have the same stance and the same in the war on terrorism or in a future of great power competi- swing. -
October 5, 2019
THE FOUR FREEDOMS AWARDS THE ROOSEVELT INSTITUTE The Four Freedoms Awards are presented to individuals and organizations whose Presents achievements have demonstrated a commitment to the principles which President Roosevelt proclaimed in his historic speech to Congress on January 6, 1941, as essential to democracy: freedom of speech and expression, freedom of worship, freedom from want, freedom from fear. The Roosevelt Institute has awarded the Four Freedoms Medals to some of the most distinguished Americans and world citizens of our time, including Presidents Truman, Carter, and Clinton; Nelson Mandela; Coretta Scott King; Arthur Miller; Desmond Tutu; and the Honorable Ruth Bader Ginsburg. The Four Freedoms Awards are presented in alternating years by the Roosevelt Institute in the U.S. and Roosevelt Stichting in the Netherlands. We are honored to host a delegation of guests from the Netherlands in Hyde Park for the 2019 awards. THE ROOSEVELT INSTITUTE Until economic and social rules work for all Americans, they’re not working. Inspired by the legacy of Franklin and Eleanor, the Roosevelt Institute reimagines the rules to create a nation where everyone enjoys a fair share of our collective prosperity. OCTOBER 5, 2019 We are a 21st century think tank, bringing together multiple generations of thinkers and leaders to help drive key economic and social debates and have local and national impact. The Roosevelt Institute is also the nonprofit partner to the FDR Presidential Library and Museum. THE FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY AND MUSEUM The Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum is America’s first presidential library—and the only one used by a sitting president. -
Teaching the New York State History Standards with the Work of Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt
Teaching the New York State History Standards with the work of Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Franklin D. Roosevelt ranks among the greatest presidents in American history. Survey after survey of prominent historians show him listed in the company of Washington, Jefferson and Lincoln. In his term as president he guided the nation through two of the greatest challenges of the twentieth century, the Great Depression and World War II. His efforts laid the foundation for economic prosperity in the United States and international cooperation around the world for years to come. Eleanor Roosevelt was, without doubt, one of the most compelling personalities of the twentieth century. Her life served as an example of tireless devotion and service to others both in the United States and around the world. The New York State Department of Education has adopted five Social Studies Standards, these are: History of the United States and New York; World History; Geography; Economics; and Civics, Citizenship, and Government. It should come as no surprise that there were events in the lives of Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt that touched on each of the themes set forth in the standards. Below, each standard has been matched to an event and document making an interesting and informative starting point for developing a case study. I. Franklin D. Roosevelt Standard One: History of the United States and New York Franklin Roosevelt believed in serving his community. He started his political career as a State Senator and rose to become the Governor of New York State before setting off for Washington to serve as our 32nd President. -
Is Over – Now What? Restoring the Four Freedoms As a Foundation for Peace and Security
The “War on Terror” Is Over – Now What? Restoring the Four Freedoms as a Foundation for Peace and Security Mark R. Shulman* As for our common defense, we reject as false the choice between our safety and our ideals. Our founding fathers, faced with perils that we can scarcely imagine, drafted a charter to assure the rule of law and the rights of man, a charter expanded by the blood of generations. Those ideals still light the world, and we will not give them up for expedience’s sake. And so, to all other peoples and governments who are watching today, from the grandest capitals to the small village where my father was born: know that America is a friend of each nation and every man, woman and child who seeks a future of peace and dignity, and we are ready to lead once more. – Barack H. Obama Inaugural Address, Jan. 20, 20091 The so-called “war on terror” has ended.2 By the end of his first week in office, President Barack H. Obama had begun the process of dismantling some of the most notorious “wartime” measures.3 A few weeks before, recently reappointed Secretary of Defense Robert M. Gates had clearly forsaken the contentious label in a post-election essay on U.S. strategy in Foreign Affairs.4 Gates noted this historic shift in an almost offhanded * Assistant Dean for Graduate Programs and International Affairs and Adjunct Professor of Law at Pace University School of Law. A previous iteration of this article appeared in the Fordham Law Review. -
Franklin Delano Roosevelt's Four Freedoms and the Short Story
Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s Four Freedoms and the Short Story Lesson Overview Overview: This lesson will explore a seminal document, President Roosevelt’s Message to Congress, and the theme of freedom from fear-one of the four points of President Roosevelt’s speech. After listening to the speech, the class will read and discuss an excerpt from Desert Exile: The Uprooting of a Japanese-American Family by Yoshiko Uchida and explore the theme of freedom from fear. Grade Range: 9-12 Objective: As a result of this lesson, students will be able to: Explain the impact of Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s Message to Congress and explain the different themes that are represented. Time Required: Two class periods of 45 minutes. Discipline/Subject: English Topic/Subject: Government Era: Great Depression/World War II, 1929-1945 Standards Illinois Learning Standards: Language Arts: 1-Read with understanding and fluency. 1.B-Apply reading strategies to improve understanding and fluency. 1.C-Comprehend a broad range of reading materials. 2-Read and understand literature representative of various societies, eras, and ideas. 2.A-Understand how literary elements and techniques are used to convey meaning. 2.B-Read and interpret a variety of literary works. 3-Write to communicate for a variety of purposes. 3.B-Compose well-organized and coherent writing for specific purposes and audiences. Handouts: Materials Analysis Tools: Photo Analysis Worksheet and Graphic Organizer Library of Congress Items: Title of Source: Freedom of expression, of religion, from want, from fear everywhere in the world Date of Creation: 1936-1941 URL of Source: http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/98517353 Title of Source: Four Freedoms Creator of Source: Rockwell, Norman Date of Creation: 1943 URL of Source: http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/treasures/trm142.html Title of Source: Civilian exclusion order #5, posted at First and Front streets, directing removal by April 7 of persons of Japanese ancestry, from the first San Francisco section to be affected by evacuation. -
Press Release Special Freedom Fighters Receive Four Freedoms
Press release Middelburg, 23 February 2021 Livestream ceremony and Meet-up on 31 March 2021 Special freedom fighters receive Four Freedoms Awards On Wednesday 31 March 2021, the postponed Four Freedoms Awards 2020 will be presented to Filipino journalist Maria Ressa, presenter Sander de Kramer (Sunday Foundation), Religions for Peace (Azza Karam), the Mayor of Palermo Leoluca Orlando and the United Nations (António Guterres). These exceptional people and organizations will receive an award for their dedication to the four freedoms of President Roosevelt. After the official ceremony, a live program will be broadcast from Middelburg. Young people have conversations with these special freedom fighters. Online audience can ask questions. The premiere of the 2020 tribute to the laureates will start at 1 pm with a special documentary/film screening. The Meet-up will be broadcast live from the Nieuwe Kerk in Middelburg at 2 pm, during which the laureates will have conversations with young admirers. Writer and journalist Joris Luyendijk will host the Meet-up and speakers from Freedom Lectures Natascha van Weezel, Simone Weimans, Massih Hutak and Joris Linssen will reflect on the work of the laureates. They will also enter into discussion with young people about their vision of freedom. People watching can ask questions via the chat room. Chairman of the Roosevelt Foundation Han Polman, who is also the King's Commissioner of the Province of Zeeland: “I am pleased that in the current circumstances we can still present the awards in an appropriate manner. In a way that does justice to the laureates. After all, Roosevelt's words remain unaffected today.