Information for the Final Year Course In

INFORMATION FOR THE FINAL YEAR COURSE IN LARGE ANIMAL CLINICAL STUDIES

ACADEMIC YEAR 2005/2006

PLEASE NOTE

Items contained within this Course Information Document are sometimes unavoidably subject to change. It is the student’s responsibility to ensure they are aware of the correct lecture, practical, tutorial and examination schedules. Lecture venues may be changed during the Course. The Year Notice boards and email should be checked daily.

Code of Professional Conduct to Fitness to Practice. You are reminded that you will be expected to have read the above code, sign for it and implemented it during your time in the course. Course Information

ACADEMIC YEAR 2005/2006

CONTENTS PAGE NO

1. Place of Course in BVMS Degree Curriculum 3

2. Aims of the Course 3

3. Learning Objectives of the Course 4

4. Components of the Course (4.1 - 4.5) 4-7

5. Course Content 8-24 5.1 Large Animal Studies Core 8-17 5.2 Farm Animal Track: Garscube 18 5.3 Farm Animal Track: Population & Medicine 19 3.4 Farm Animal Track: Project 20-21 5.5 Clyde Valley Veterinary Group (Lanark) 22-23 5.6 Equine Clinical Studies Track: Blocks 1 & 2 24

6. Course Texts and Recommended Reading 25-26

7. Teaching Hours and Teaching Methods 27-28

8. Methods of Assessment 28-31 8.1 Methods of Assessment 28 8.2 Course Work 29 8.3 Students with Disabilities 29 8.4 Professional Examinations 29-30 8.5 External Examiners 31 8.6 Prizes 31 8.7 Admittance to the Professional Examination 31

9. Policy on Exemptions and Course Certification 31

10. Other Important Information 31-33 10.1 Protective Clothing, Health and Safety 31-32 10.2 Staff - Student Liaison 32 10.3 Staff 10.3.1 Large Animal Studies Core 33 10.3.2 Farm Animal Track: Garscube, Population 33 Medicine & Epidemiology 10.3.3 Farm Animal Track: Project 33 10.3.4 Equine Clinical Studies Track: Block 1 & 2 33

10.4 Timetables 34-35 10.4.1 Large Animal Clinical Studies 34 10.4.2 BVMS V Large Animal Groups 35

11. Example of Class Examination Papers 36 12. Core Competencies (RCVS) 36

Appendix 1 40-50

2 Large Animal Clinical Studies

Appendix 2 51-53

1. PLACE OF COURSE IN BVMS CURRICULUM

The Large Animal Clinical Studies Course is given during the summer and Easter vacations as well as all three terms of the Final Year and constitutes a continuation of the clinical courses begun during the Fourth Year which, together with all large animal aspects of the pre- and para-clinical courses, comprise the foundation for The Large Animal Clinical Studies Course in the Final Year. The course is taught by members of the Division of Animal Production and Public Health, Division of Companion Animals, Division of Cell Sciences, the State Veterinary Service and other visiting speakers and tutors. Each student spends alternate months in the Large Animal Clinical Studies Course (total 12 weeks) and the Small Animal Clinical Studies Course (total 12 weeks)

Each student undertakes a 4 week core course and either the farm animal track (2 weeks Garscube hospital: 2 weeks Lanark: 2 weeks Farm Animal Project: 2 weeks Population Medicine and Epidemiology or the equine track (2 x 4 weeks Weipers Centre [by prior approval, 1 x 4 week externship at off campus equine hospital may be acceptable]). Each individual student must take responsibility to develop their own core competency skills in all aspects of large animal clinical studies specifically by undertaking EMS which balances the range of experience provided by the taught rotations in either the farm animal or equine tracks.

Final year is virtually lecture free, the course being based on casework, however, you will need to recall knowledge from all the previous years of study and in addition, broaden and deepen your understanding of veterinary medicine and surgery, utilising a wide variety of sources. At this stage in your undergraduate career, you should be taking a responsible and mature attitude to your free time and wherever possible you should use the Library and Computer Centre facilities, read widely and maintain good attendance throughout the year.

2. AIMS OF THE COURSE

 To integrate the factual material of the fourth year didactic course into the clinical setting.  To develop core competency skills and expand knowledge of epidemiology, pathogenesis, therapies and preventive measures relating to large animal diseases.  To consolidate knowledge of public health and food hygiene  To develop and enhance problem-solving ability.  To develop a sense of care and responsibility to animals under their care and to their owners.  To develop communication skills with staff, peers and public.  To develop interpersonal skills and appreciate working as a team.  To develop good professional attitude and take a pride in professional appearance and professional behaviour.  To develop further the spirit of intellectual curiosity and academic enquiry.  To become competent in maintenance of accurate records and preparation of reports.  To consolidate knowledge of legislation/certification relevant to individual large animal species.  To consolidate knowledge of welfare issues relevant to individual large animal species.  To consolidate knowledge of economic issues of disease in large animal species.  To expand knowledge of principles of veterinary epidemiology.  To integrate clinical experience of extra mural rotations into the formal course.

3 Course Information

3. LEARNING OBJECTIVES OF THE COURSE

 Acquire core competency skills in physical examination of all large animal species.  Know the important issues of public health and food hygiene.  Acquire skills in history taking, client communication and clinical record keeping.  Know the epidemiology, pathogenesis, therapy and prevention of large animal diseases against the background of clinical medicine and surgery.  Acquire problem-solving ability and skills in patient care in the broad sense.  Acquire a professional attitude and interpersonal skills with colleagues and the animal-owning community.  Know the legislation/certification/regulation relevant to health and disease in individual large animal species.  Be aware of welfare issues relevant to individual large animal species.  Be aware of economic and productivity issues of disease in large animal species.  Know the principles of veterinary epidemiology.

4. COMPONENTS OF THE COURSE

The course constitutes structured rotations based upon practical work, clinical round and tutorial sessions as well as short project work in public health and farm animal tracks. Clinicopathological Demonstrations are held on Mondays and Fridays of each week and these form an integral part of each rotation.

4.1 Large Animal Studies Core Rotation

Aims:  To provide training in core competency skills for clinical examination of individual farm animals and equidae.  To provide further information on the aetiology, pathogenesis, therapy and control of disease in farm animals and equidae in a clinical setting.  To provide training in history taking, verbal communications and basic practical skills in farm animals and equidae.  To introduce computer-assisted learning programmes including differential diagnosis programmes relevant to farm animals and equidae.  To provide training in problem solving using clinical case material and farm records.  To emphasise the importance of economics in the management of disease and the welfare of farm animals.  To provide training in the approach to investigation of farm management problems.  To provide clinical training in the disciplines of farm animal and equine reproduction.  To provide training in the approach, investigation and diagnosis of reproductive problems in herds and flocks.  To provide training in the history taking, clinical investigation and treatment of individual farm animal reproductive problem cases.  To provide training in handling of reproductive data, using both manual and computerised methods.  To demonstrate all processes involved in the hygienic production of meat.  To provide training in food hygiene.  To provide experience of the role and duties of the official veterinary surgeon and meat hygiene inspectors in the production, storage and distribution of foods of animal origin.  To demonstrate the various types of carcase, the abnormalities observed and the respective judgements.

 To provide the opportunity for students to perform routine meat inspection and basic knife techniques.  To provide exposure to the meat industry.  To provide a grounding in the theory and practice of a population based approach to the investigation and control of animal disease.  To provide an introduction to simple quantitative techniques suitable for implementation in practice.  To provide awareness of the derivation of reference ranges for clinical pathology data.  To provide an understanding and implementation of diagnostic test characteristics.  To provide an appreciation of the different motivations for carrying out diagnostic testing in different circumstances.

Learning Objectives:  Develop core competency skills in clinical examination of farm animal species and equidae.  Consolidate knowledge gained in the fourth year course on aetiology, pathogenesis, therapy and prevention of disease in farm animal species and equidae.  Be competent in considering differential diagnosis of disease and where possible methods of establishing diagnosis.  Be competent in techniques used in fertility investigations.  Be competent in the manipulation of reproductive data.  Be competent in diagnosis and treatment of infertility cases, based on a sound knowledge of the normal and abnormal processes which occur in animals.  Gain confidence in basic practical skills and in handling farm animals.  Appreciate the importance of economics in disease management and welfare of farm animals.  Gain confidence in verbal and written reporting of clinical cases.  Gain experience in problem-solving in farm animal health and disease.  Gain confidence in approaching the investigation of farm management problems.  Know an abattoir’s basic structure and design.  Know the role of the meat hygiene team.  Be aware of the welfare aspects of live animal transport and slaughter.  Be aware of slaughter and dressing practices.  Be able to perform all inspection techniques.  Understand recording and control procedures for unfit material.  Be aware of the further handling, chilling and transport of meat.  Understand the ‘Hygiene Assessment System’ for monitoring abattoirs.  Know of residue sampling techniques.  Know of and be able to interpret results for bacteriological monitoring, water quality, pest control.  Be able to identify possible hazards to public health.  Be aware of current problems in the food industry  Be able to understand measures of disease occurrence and their importance.  Be able to understand epidemic, endemic and sporadic disease examples.  Be able to recognise and assess bias and confounding.  Be able to implement contingency tables in a disease investigation.  Be able to understand common epidemic intervention strategies.  Understand the use and interrelationship of sensitivity, specificity and predictive values.  Understand the use and limitations of diagnostic testing in populations and individuals.  Gain an appreciation of the importance of disease prevalence in relation to diagnostic testing.  Understand the use of diagnostic tests in series and parallel.

4.2 Farm Animal Track

Aims:  To build upon all farm animal and population medicine areas of the core course.  To provide clinical training for students to enable them to further develop core competency skills including history taking, physical examination, case assessment and planning for farm animal cases.  To provide training in case recording, data analysis and case reporting.  To provide training in the areas of clinical case management and therapy.  To use case material, case-based tutorials, farm visits and computer assisted learning methods to stimulate problem solving ability.

Learning Objectives:  Be competent in core competency skills for physical examination of all the body systems of cattle, sheep and pigs.  Be competent in individual and herd case assessment and planning.  Be competent in history taking and record keeping and analysis.  Be competent in professional, verbal reporting of clinical cases.  Be competent in client communications.  Know the ethical, welfare and economic issues of farm animal health and production.  Be able to base clinical decisions on diagnosis, case management and therapy on a detailed understanding of the epidemiology and pathogenesis of diseases of farm animals.  See Core Competencies (RCVS) pg36 and Appendix 2

4.3 Farm Animal Projects

Aims:  To encourage in-depth investigation of clinical material seen while on EMS.  To encourage students to take responsibility for their own learning.  To give students the opportunity to review in-depth a specific topic of their choice.  To broaden students interest and understanding of farm animal veterinary Practice.  To encourage teamwork.  To improve writing skills.

Learning Objectives: The objectives of the Farm Animal Projects will be in part dependent on the exact project undertaken. However, these might include:  To identify and select a subject of interest.  To design a project based on clinical EMS material.  To show the ability to work as a team to undertake the project, or investigation, and produce a written report.  To gain, and be able to demonstrate, an increased understanding of the subject area.

4.4 Clyde Veterinary Group (Lanark)

Aims:  To give training in clinical examination of large animals in the farm environment.  To give training in investigation of disease on a herd basis.  To give tuition and training in farm animal surgical techniques.  To give an understanding of the current legislation affecting disease control and certification in large animal practice.

 To give training in case management in large animal practice.  To develop communication skills with clients.

Learning Objectives:  Be competent in the handling and restraint of animals in the farm environment to allow a safe and full clinical examination and to be competent in that examination.  Understand the techniques and routines to follow in disease investigation on a herd basis.  Be fully aware of, and understand the methods used in, commonly used farm animal surgical techniques.  Know the current legislation affecting disease control and certification in large animals.  Be confident in communication with clients.

4.5 Equine Clinical Track: Blocks 1 and 2

Aims:  To provide within a hospital setting, clinical training for students to enable them to develop core competency skills including history taking, physical examination, case assessment and planning.  To provide training in case recording and reporting.  To provide training in the areas of clinical case management and therapy.  To provide training in equine intensive care.  To use case material, case-based tutorials and computer assisted learning methods to stimulate problem solving ability.  To deliver training in species specific topics such as sports medicine and international transportation.  To provide training in equine anaesthesia.

Learning Objectives:  Be competent in core competency skills for physical examination of all the body systems of the horse.  Be competent in individual case assessment and planning.  Be competent in history taking and record keeping.  Be competent in professional, verbal reporting of clinical cases.  Be competent in client communications.  Be competent in intensive care of individual cases.  Know the ethical, welfare and economic issues of equine diseases.  Be competent in equine anaesthesia.  Be able to base clinical decisions on diagnosis, case management and therapy on a detailed understanding of the epidemiology and pathogenesis of disease of the horse. See Core Competencies (RCVS) pg36 and Appendix 1

5.0 Course Content 5.1.1 Core Course UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE Large Animal Core Course Week 1 Divisions of Animal Production & Public Health and Companion Animals Final Year Large Animal Course Term 1 (Martimas) 2005/2006

Monday 10th Oct Tuesday 11th Oct Wednesday 12th Oct Thursday 13th Oct Friday 14th Oct Introduction (All) 9-9.30 am Public health seminar (C&D) Public health specimens & Public health project Public health specimens & Reilly (C&D) stunning (C) presentations (C&D) stunning (D) CAL Programs (D) CAL Programs (C) Farm cases & species specific Farm Visit (G&H) State veterinary medicine Cochno visit (G&H) Clinicopathological competencies (G&H) (G&H) Conference 9.40-10.30 Equine hospital (E&F) Equine hospital (E&F) Equine hospital (E&F) Equine hospital (E&F) Evaluation of colic in the horse (GH&EF) Economics tutorial self Communication skills (A&B) Hoof or calving tut (A&B) Farm animal cases & species Farm animal case discussion learning (A&B) specific competencies (A&B) (A&B) Clinicopathological Conference 12.10-13.00 Food Hygiene-1 (C&D) Project Preparation Time No Teaching (ABCDEF) Epidemiology 1: Food Hygiene-2 (C&D) (C&D) The post-partum cow (tutorial) Farm animal tutorial Farm animal case discussion Principles of population Approaches to herd fertility (G&H) (Therapeutics) (AB&GH) (G&H) medicine; rates measures and (A&B) confounding (All) Equine hospital (E&F) Equine hospital (E&F) Equine wound management (GH&EF) Self Study (A&B)

UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE Large Animal Core Course Week 2 Divisions of Animal Production & Public Health and Companion Animals Final Year Large Animal Course Term 1 (Martimas) 2005/2006

Monday 17th Oct Tuesday 18th Oct Wednesday 19th Oct Thursday 20th Oct Friday 21st Oct Public health seminar (G&H) Public health specimens & Public health project Public health specimens & Reilly (G&H) stunning (G) presentation (G&H) stunning (H) CAL Programs (H) CAL Programs (G) Farm cases & species specific Farm Visit (A&B) Farm animal case discussion Cochno visit (A&B) Clinicopathological competencies (A&B) (A&B) Conference 9.40-10.30 Equine hospital (E&F) Equine hospital (E&F) Equine hospital (E&F) Equine hospital (E&F) Evaluation of colic in the horse (ABC&D) Economics tutorial self Self study (C&D) State veterinary medicine Farm cases & discussion Applied clinical problem learning (C&D) (C&D) (C&D) solving - “Respiratory Disease Tutorial” (E&F) Clinicopathological Conference 12.10-13.00 Food Hygiene-1 (G&H) Project Preparation Time No Teaching Epidemiology 2: Food Hygiene-2 (G&H) (G&H) The post-partum cow (tutorial) Field Surgery (C&D) Diagnostic testing (All) Approaches to herd fertility (A&B) (E&F) Equine hospital (E&F) Equine hospital (E&F) Equine wound management (ABC&D) Optional helping with 4th years Self Study (A&B) (C&D)

Monday 24th Oct Tuesday 25th Oct Wednesday 26th Oct Thursday 27th Oct Friday 28th Oct Public health seminar (A&B) Public health specimens & Public health project Public health specimens & Reilly (A&B) stunning (A) presentations (A&B) stunning (B) CAL Programs (B) CAL Programs (A) Farm animal cases & species Farm Visit (E&F) State veterinary medicine Cochno visit (E&F) Clinicopathological specific competencies (E&F) (E&F) Conference 9.40-10.30

Equine hospital (G&H) Equine hospital (G&H) Equine hospital (G&H) Equine hospital (G&H) Equine prior-to-purchase (GH&EF) Self study (C&D) Communication skills (C&D) Hoof or calving tut (C&D) Farm animal cases & species Farm animal case discussion specific competencies (C&D) (C&D) Clinicopathological Conference 12.10-13.00 Food Hygiene-1 (A&B) Project Preparation Time No Teaching (ABCDGH) Epidemiology 3: Food Hygiene-2 (A&B) (A&B) The post-partum cow (tutorial) Farm animal tutorial Farm animal case discussion Disease control; culling, Approaches to herd fertility (E&F) (Therapeutics) (CD&EF) (E&F) vaccination and R0 (All) (C&D) Equine hospital (G&H) Equine hospital (G&H) Equine prior-to- purchase (GH&EF) Optional helping with 4th years (C&D)

Monday 31st Oct Tuesday 1st Nov Wednesday 2nd Nov Thursday 3rd Nov Friday 4th Nov Public health seminar (E&F) Public health specimens & Public health project Public health specimens & Reilly (E&F) stunning (F) presentations (E&F) stunning (E) CAL Programs (E) CAL Programs (F) Farm cases & species specific Farm Visit (C&D) Farm animal case discussion Cochno visit (C&D) Clinicopathological competencies(C&D) (C&D) Conference 9.40-10.30 Equine hospital (G&H) Equine hospital (G&H) Equine hospital (G&H) Equine hospital (G&H) Equine prior-to- purchase (ABC&D) Field Surgery (A&B) Self Study (A&B) State veterinary medicine Farm cases & discussion Applied clinical problem (A&B) (A&B) solving - “Respiratory Disease Tutorial” (G&H) Clinicopathological Conference 12.10-13.00 Food Hygiene-1 (E&F) Project Preparation Time No Teaching Farm animal DEBATE Food Hygiene-2 (E&F) (E&F) (Health and Welfare) The post-partum cow Economics Discussion ALL Approaches to herd fertility (tutorial) (C&D) ((CD&AB) (G&H) Equine hospital (G&H) Equine hospital (G&H) Equine prior-to- purchase (ABC&D) Self Study (A&B)

Monday 7th Nov Tuesday 8th Nov Wednesday 9th Nov Thursday 10th Nov Friday 11th Nov Introduction (All) 9-9.30 am Public health seminar (O&P) Public health specimens & Public health project Public health specimens & Reilly (O&P) stunning (O) presentation (O&P) stunning (P) CAL Programs (P) CAL Programs (O) Farm cases & species specific Farm Visit (I&J) Farm animal case discussion Cochno visit (I&J) Clinicopathological competencies (I&J) (I&J) Conference 9.40-10.30 Equine hospital (M&N) Equine hospital (M&N) Equine hospital (M&N) Equine hospital (M&N) Evaluation of colic in the horse (IJK&L) Economics tutorial self Communication skills (K&L) State veterinary medicine Farm cases & discussion Applied clinical problem learning (K&L) (K&L) (K&L) solving - “Respiratory Disease Tutorial” (M&N) Clinicopathological Conference 12.10-13.00 Food Hygiene-1 (O&P) Project Preparation Time No Teaching Epidemiology 1: Food Hygiene-2 (O&P) (O&P) Equine wound management Field Surgery (K&L) pm free (IJKLM&N) (IJK&L) Principles of population medicine; rates measures and confounding (All) Equine hospital (M&N) Equine hospital (M&N)

Self Study (I&J)

Monday 14th Nov Tuesday 15th Nov Wednesday 16th Nov Thursday 17th Nov Friday 18th Nov Public health seminar (K&L) Public health specimens & Public health project Public health specimens & Reilly (K&L) stunning (K) presentations (K&L) stunning (L) CAL Programs (L) CAL Programs (K) Farm cases & species specific Farm Visit (O&P) State veterinary medicine Cochno visit (O&P) Clinicopathological competencies (O&P) (O&P) Conference 9.40-10.30 Equine hospital (M&N) Equine hospital (M&N) Equine hospital (M&N) Equine hospital (M&N) Evaluation of colic in the horse (OP&MN) Approaches to herd fertility Economics tutorial self Hoof or calving tut (I&J) Farm animal cases & species Farm animal case discussion (I&J) (M&N) learning (I&J) specific competencies (I&J) (I&J) Clinicopathological Conference 12.10-13.00 Food Hygiene-1 (K&L) Project Preparation Time No Teaching (IJKLMN) Epidemiology 2: Food Hygiene-2 (K&L) (K&L)

The post-partum cow (tutorial) Farm animal tutorial Farm animal case discussion Diagnostic testing (All) The post-partum cow (tutorial) (O&P) (Therapeutics) (IJ&OP) (O&P) (I&J) Equine hospital (M&N) Equine hospital (M&N) 3pm Equine Gastric Ulcer Equine wound management workshop (Merial) (all) (OP&MN) Optional helping with 4th years (I&J)

Monday 21st Nov Tuesday 22nd Nov Wednesday 23rd Nov Thursday 24th Nov Friday 25th Nov Public health seminar (M&N) Public health specimens & Public health project Public health specimens & Reilly (M&N) stunning (M) presentations (M&N) stunning (N) CAL Programs (N) CAL Programs (M) Farm cases & species specific Farm Visit (K&L) Farm animal case discussion Cochno visit (K&L) Clinicopathological competencies (K&L) (K&L) Conference 9.40-10.30 Equine hospital (O&P) Equine hospital (O&P) Equine hospital (O&P) Equine hospital (O&P) Equine prior-to- purchase (IJK&L) Field Surgery (I&J) Communication skills (I&J) State veterinary medicine Farm cases & discussion (I&J) Applied clinical problem (I&J) solving - “Respiratory Disease Tutorial” (O&P) Clinicopathological Conference 12.10-13.00 Food Hygiene-1 (M&N) Project Preparation Time No Teaching Farm animal DEBATE Food Hygiene-2 (M&N) (M&N) (Health and Welfare) The post-partum cow (tutorial) Economics discussion (All) Approaches to herd fertility (K&L) (KL&IJ) (O&P) Equine hospital (O&P) Equine hospital (O&P) Equine prior-to- purchase (IJK&L) Self Study (I&J)

Monday 28th Nov Tuesday 29th Nov Wednesday 30th Nov Thursday 1st Dec Friday 2rd Dec Public health seminar (I&J) Public health specimens & Public health project Public health specimens & Reilly (I&J) stunning (I) presentations (I&J) stunning (I) CAL Programs (J) CAL Programs (J) Farm animal cases & species Farm Visit (M&N) State veterinary medicine Cochno visit (M&N) Clinicopathological specific competencies (M&N) (M&N) Conference 9.40-10.30

Equine hospital (O&P) Equine hospital (O&P) Equine hospital (O&P) Equine hospital (O&P) Equine prior-to-purchase (OP&MN) Self study (K&L) Self Study (K&L) Hoof or calving tut (K&L) Farm animal cases & species Farm animal case discussion specific competencies (K&L) (K&L) Clinicopathological Conference 12.10-13.00 Food Hygiene-1 (I&J) Project Preparation Time No Teaching (IJKLOP) Epidemiology 3: Food Hygiene-2 (I&J) (I&J) The post-partum cow (tutorial) Farm animal tutorial Farm animal case discussion Disease control; culling, Approaches to herd fertility (M&N) (Therapeutics) (KL&MN) (M&N) vaccination and R0 (All) (K&L)

Equine hospital (O&P) Equine hospital (O&P) Equine prior-to- purchase (OP&MN) Optional helping with 4th years (K&L)

5.1.2 Core Course Equine Hospital WEIPERS CENTRE Timetable for groups attending the Equine Hospital (Weipers Centre) during the core-course. Final Year Large Animal Course 2005-2006 Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday 08.00 SOAP 08.00 SOAP 08.00 SOAP 08.00 SOAP 08.00 SOAP cases cases cases cases cases 08.30 clinic 08.30 clinic 08.30 clinic 08.30 clinic 08.30 clinic rounds rounds rounds rounds rounds 09.40-10.30 Clin 10.00-12.00 10.00-13.00 10.00-13.00 10.00-12.00 Path Conf case admissions case admissions case admissions case admissions and investigation and investigation and investigation and investigation Tutorial as on core timetable 12.10 - 13.00 Clin Path Conf 14.00-16.00 14.00-16.00 14.00-16.00 14.00-16.00 case case no teaching Tutorial as on Tutorial as on core investigations investigations core timetable timetable

16.00-18.00 16.00-18.00 16.00-18.00 rounds tutorial clinical knowledge /skills assessment (week 2)

5.1.3 Organisation

- Eight groups of students for four consecutive weeks

- Each student will spend 33:20:27 percent of learning time in farm animal studies: public health/food hygiene and equine studies respectively

- Each student will spend 6 per cent of learning time on epidemiology

- Each student will spend 2 per cent of learning time on pharmacy therapeutics/ practices/procedure

- Each student will spend 2 per cent of learning time on communication skills

- During core blocks, farm animal track students will be requested to participate with ‘out-of-hours’ equine clinical work on a rota basis

Dress code: farm animal clinical-clean coveralls, waterproof trousers parturition gown/smock, wellington boots equine hospital – blue coveralls and leather workboots public health – clean white lab coats and wellingtons

Teaching times: equine hospital 08.00-18.00hrs other components 09.00-17.00hrs clinicopathological conferences 12.15-13.00hrs Mondays and 9.40-10.30hrs on Fridays

Rotation organisers – S. Love (ext 5999; [email protected]), D. Barrett (ext 5728; [email protected]), and W. Steele (ext 2891; [email protected])

5.1.4 Changes Due to Farm Track students doing 2 weeks at the Weipers Centre during the core- course some classes have been swapped with classes that would have otherwise been taken during farm track instead of core e.g. communications and respiratory disease tutorial. Some farm track classes have been added for the equine track students during the core-course. This is why Farm Track and Equine Track do not have exactly the same timetable during the core-course.

5.2 Farm Animal Track: Garscube 5.2.1 Content and Timetable

UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE Week 1 Department of Clinical Studies Final Year Large Animal Course 2005-2006 Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Introduction (All Farm Visit Communication Cochno visit Male Fertility 9.00-9.30 (Group 1) Skills (Group 1) Practical Class (Group 1) Farm animal cases Prepare Student Rotation week beginning Cliniopathological 9th Jan this class will & species specific Presentations swap with 2nd Wed. a.m. Write-up case conference competencies (All) (Group 2) class reports (Group 2) 9.40-10.30 Cliniopathological Farm animal conference practice surgery 12.10-13.00 techniques (Group 2)

Farm animal cases Case discussions No Teaching Student Slide Tutorial (All) & species specific (Group 1) Presentations competencies (All) Case discussions (Group 2 to (Group 2) present, all to attend)

Week 2 Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Farm animal cases Farm Visit Cochno visit Male Fertility & species specific (Group 2) (Group 2) Practical Class competencies (All) Applied clinical (Group 2) problem solving tutorial Cliniopathological Write-up case conference reports (Group 1) 9.40-10.30 Cliniopathological Prepare Student Farm animal conference Presentations practice surgery 12.10-13.00 (Group 1) techniques (Group 1)

Farm animal cases Case discussions No Teaching Student Slide Tutorial (All) & species specific (Group 2) Presentations competencies (All) Case discussions (Group 1 to (Group 1) present, all to attend) NB Timetable subject to amendment, a more detailed timetable will be given out at the Monday introduction. 5.2.2 Organisation - Two groups of students for two consecutive weeks - Dress code – clean coveralls, waterproof trousers, parturition gown/smock, wellington boots - Rotation organiser – D Barrett: ext 5728; [email protected]

5.3 Farm Animal Track: Population Medicine and Epidemiology 5.3.1 Content and Timetable

UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE Week 1 Final Year Large Animal Course 2005-2006 Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Introduction to On Farm Practical Farm Animal Cliniopathological Interherd Ruminant formulation of Economics conference Population rations at Cochno (self directed 9.40-10.30 Medicine (Farm (JJP) learning exercise) 1) (Group 1) Cliniopathological Cochno (Group 2) Planning breeding conference programmes 12.10-13.00 including genetic merit (DCB)

Economics of Introduction to No Teaching Ruminant Prepare HHP disease control an integrated Population (DCB) herd health plan Medicine (DCB) Reporting (Farm 1) Week 2 Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday PigWin exercise On Farm Farm animal cases Farm Animal Cliniopathological Ruminant & species specific Economics conference Population competencies (self directed 9.40-10.30 Medicine (Farm (All) learning exercise) 2) (Group 2)

Cliniopathological Cochno (Group On Farm Pig conference 12.10- 1) Population 13.00 Medicine

HACCP and risk Report and No Teaching Case discussions Ruminant assessment in food discussion of (Group 1) Population animal production herd health plan Case discussions Medicine (DCB) (Group 2) Reporting (Farm 2) NB Timetable subject to amendment, a more detailed timetable will be given out at the Monday introduction.

5.3.2 Organisation

- Two groups of students for two consecutive weeks - Dress code – Farm visits and case sessions: clean coveralls, waterproof trousers, parturition gown/smock, wellington boots - Rotation organiser – D Barrett: ext 5728; [email protected]

5.4 Farm Animal Track: Project

5.4.2 Organisation

- One half group of students for two consecutive weeks (nominal time allocation)

- Farm Animal Project Organiser (FAPO) – D Barrett: ext 5728; e- mail [email protected]

5.4.2 General Comments

Students undertaking the Farm Animal Track are required to undertake a specific project and produce a written report. These reports will be marked by staff members within the faculty, and made available for inspection and discussion during the large animal final examination. However, the projects themselves will not actually form an examinable component of the final examination in Large Animal Clinical Studies in 2006.

Each half group of students on the F6 rotation (Table 10.4) will undertake a joint project. The group will be required to work together to determine the exact nature of the project, with guidance from a staff member acting as a facilitator.

There will be an introductory lecture / discussion for those students opting for the Farm Animal Track before the end of the core-course, to give general advice and explain what is expected from these projects. Each group will then be expected to inform the Farm Animal Project Organiser (FAPO) of their intended project area prior to the end of the core course, so that a facilitator can be allocated to the group. The group will then be expected to meet with their facilitator to review their study plan / project protocol and obtain advice on undertaking and writing-up the project.

Projects may have a clinical research component but should not be seen as research studies. The main emphasis within the projects will be on clinical matters in their broadest sense, including practice policy, management etc. Students will be expected to draw heavily on their opportunities, and experiences, while undertaking clinical EMS placements, which will comprise the basis of their project. Each group will be given two weeks of dedicated time to collect data, research the topic and write the report. However, exactly when the project work is undertaken will be at the students’ discretion, as some groups especially those allocated time in the 3rd term of final year, may wish to undertake their projects before they are timetabled onto the rotation slot F6. Students will be required to submit two typed and bound copies of their report for marking before the end of the Large Animal Clinical Studies Course on May 12th 2006. This is an absolute deadline. Failure to meet this deadline will mean that projects will not be marked. One copy will be returned to the group after the final examinations, the other will be placed in the James Herriot library.

5.4.3 Scope and Structure of Farm Animal Projects

Student groups will be encouraged to undertake projects in all areas of Farm Animal Medicine and Production and in all food producing species.

Students within one project group will review the literature in their chosen area and utilise opportunities during clinical EMS to investigate the topic of interest in depth, producing a report which sets their work in the context of previously published material. Alternatively projects may take the form of a case series based on material seen while on EMS and supported by a literature review, in the same way that a case series may be written-up for publication. Whatever the subject of study, the project report should consist of a relatively short concise piece of written work not exceeding 5,000 words. These reports should be

written and referenced in the style of The Veterinary Record, and comply where appropriate to the guidelines for authors of that journal.

The report should consist of:  A summary of not more than 200 words  Introduction  Materials and methods  Results  Discussion  Acknowledgements  References Where the nature of the project makes these headings inappropriate, the report should follow a similar overall arrangement with appropriate modification of sub-headings.

Examples of the type of project that may be undertaken include:  Reporting of in-depth on-farm investigations.  Investigation and critique of veterinary practice policies in certain areas e.g. QA audits on farm, POM dispensing, Preventive Medicine Programmes, farm animal veterinary fee structures, Biosecurity programmes,……  Investigation and critique of treatment protocols used by different veterinary practices for certain diseases e.g. endometritis, peracute mastitis, ………  Details of a series of similar cases (this may include surgical cases) taken from one or several veterinary practices.  Studies based on practice and farm records.

While the material and inspiration for these projects should be drawn from the students' first hand experience while undertaking clinical EMS, it may on occasion be permissible to also source material from published literature, for example when undertaking a historical comparison between treatments or surgical procedures. Farm animal projects should not cover material covered by the final year public health projects overseen by Mr Billy Steele.

Students should have their project outline and title agreed with their facilitator and lodged with the FAPO before beginning work on the project.

5.4.4 Assessment of Projects

Members of the panel of facilitators will mark each report and award a group mark using the marking descriptors outlined in 8.2 below.

In assessing a project the following will be taken into account:  Origin and idea of project  Organising and planning of project  Skills used and / or learned in undertaking project  Skills in writing and presenting report  Enthusiasm and self motivation  The extent to which material gathered while undertaking clinical EMS contributes to the project.  Overall quality of written work presented

While the marks awarded for these projects will not contribute directly to the final examination this year, students may be asked about the project during their examination. Reference may also be made to the marks as an indication of the quality of a student’s work during the final year if required by the external examiner.

5.5 Clyde Veterinary Group (Lanark)

Details relating to the Veterinary Practice

Organisation One group for two consecutive weeks Dress code:- Farm Animal: Wellington boots, overalls and waterproof jacket, waterproof trousers, parlour top. Please wear your name badge when working with the Clyde Veterinary Group.

Staff John Baillie, John Main, Neil Lang, Trevor Hamilton, Jan Downer, Austen Marr, Charles Marwood. Mornings (from 8.00 am) – accompany vets on rounds Afternoons - Seminars/Drug Presentation & accompany vets on rounds

Practice Location The Clyde Veterinary Group operates from a surgery located at The New Market, Hyndford Road, Lanark ML11 9SZ, Tel 01555 660000. Heading out of Lanark on the A73 (Biggar, Abington, Carlisle) you will pass the Inn on the Loch Hotel on your left and then the New Market on the right, at the roundabout turn right and the surgery is the first building on the left.

Arrival On the first Saturday of your 2-week stay at least 1 or 2 students from each group are to go to Lanark and check-in to the accommodation soon after 4.00 pm and notify the on-call vet of their mobile phone numbers (Tel: 07788 150999) so that they can be on-call for the Saturday evening and Sunday. The rest of the group should arrive in time to start work at 8.00 am on Monday.

Departure At the end of the rotation the outgoing group must vacate the accommodation by 10.00 am. but are welcome to work in the practice on the Saturday.

Night Rota One student should always be available for night calls, however there may be a spare seat in the vet’s car for other volunteers. Under no circumstances should the on-call student have any alcohol.

Pets Strictly no pets.

Security Whenever leaving the building, please ensure the practice is secure.

Vehicle The car, provided by the University, is insured for students to drive. However students are required to present their driving licences to the Faculty Reception before leaving for the rotation at Lanark. Please submit the following to the Faculty Reception: Photographic part and paper part of Driving licence (to be photocopied) Please complete the following and submit to Reception: Insurance Declaration Form 1 (available on Moodle). Please make sure you have completed and submitted the form BEFORE your rotation at Lanark. Failure to do this will result in you NOT being eligible to drive the students' car on your rotation at Lanark (see further instructions and downloadable form on Moodle). (See also accommodation details below)

Clients Please remember that all clients of the practice pay a full commercial rate for all the work that is carried out on their farms. We rely on their goodwill to allow students to assist in, rather than just watch procedures.

Biosecurity and cleanliness Do not take any protective clothing (including boots) to the practice unless it has been thoroughly washed and disinfected beforehand, and keep your protective clothing scrupulously clean while you are there. Under no circumstances should protective clothing, boots etc be taken into your living accommodation at the Inn on the Loch. All such equipment is to be stored at the practice.

Reference Books These are kept in the common room at the Practice. Many of these are the personal property of the vets - please return them or people will be reluctant to loan them in the future. There are also some veterinary educational videos available.

In case of any practice related problems contact John Baillie (Senior Partner) on his mobile 07785 983975

Details relating to the accommodation

Shared accommodation is provided in a flat at the Inn on the Loch, Lanark.

Keys can be collected from the hotel restaurant from Caroline Duff/ Mike Conyers or Robert Morrison after 4.00 pm on the first Saturday of the rotation. (access to the accommodation will not be possible before 4.00 p.m. due to the need for the accommodation to be cleaned and prepared for your arrival.

The accommodation must be vacated by 10.00 am on the last Saturday of the rotation and the keys returned to Caroline Duff/ Mike Conyers or Robert Morrison.

The flat has a phone for incoming and emergency calls only 01555 664754.

In case of problems with the accommodation contact Caroline Duff / Mike Conyers / Robert Morrison or the duty manager at the hotel.

Parking is available at the Inn on the Loch and the facilities should provide all your requirements for self-catering accommodation.

The university rules detailed in the accommodation contract should be adhered to at all times as should any instructions provided by the owner/manager of the Inn on the Loch.

Under no circumstances should pets be taken to this accommodation.

The accommodation is non-smoking

The University Accommodation Contract MUST be read and signed at the Faculty Reception BEFORE students leave for Lanark. Failure to do so will result in students being refused access to the accommodation. The accommodation is the collective responsibility of those in residence during any rotation block, student groups will be held jointly responsible and liable for any damage to the accommodation.

DIRECTIONS TO THE INN ON THE LOCH AND CLYDE VET GROUP From Glasgow take M8 (A8) East, Exit M8 at junction 6 (signed New Lanark) Take A73 for Lanark through Newmains (4 miles from M8) and Carluke (8 miles from M8). Continue on A73 from Carluke to Lanark. In Lanark continue on A73 straight up High Street At traffic lights at top of High Street take right fork. After 200m pass Somerfield supermarket and continue to roundabout. Take second exit from roundabout heading out of Lanark on the A73 (Biggar, Abington, Carlisle) you will pass the Inn on the Loch Hotel on your left and then the New Market on the right, at the roundabout turn right and the Clyde Veterinary Group surgery is the first building on the left.

5.6 Equine Clinical Studies Track: Blocks 1 and 2

5.6.1 Content and Timetable WEIPERS CENTRE & THE EQUINE CLINIC, HOUSTON Week 1to 4 Final Year Large Animal Course 2005-2006 Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday 08.00 SOAP 08.00 SOAP 08.00 SOAP 08.00 SOAP 08.00 SOAP cases cases cases cases cases 08.30 clinic 08.30 clinic 08.30 clinic 08.30 clinic 08.30 clinic rounds rounds rounds rounds rounds 09.40-10.30 Clin 10.00-12.00 10.00-13.00 10.00-13.00 10.00-12.00 Path Conf case admissions case admissions case admissions case admissions and investigation and investigation and investigation and investigation 10.30-13.00 Tutorial 12.10 - 13.00 Clin Path Conf 14.00-16.00 14.00-16.00 14.00-16.00 14.00-16.00 case case no teaching case investigation case investigations investigations investigations

16.00-18.00 16.00-18.00 16.00-18.00 16.00-18.00 tutorial Tutorial or clinical rounds tutorial knowledge/ skills assessment NB Timetable subject to minor amendment 5.6.2 Organisation - Two groups of students for four consecutive weeks

- Each group will spend two weeks with medicine/reproduction/soft tissue surgery clinicians and two weeks with orthopaedic clinicians, swapping on second Monday

- On the final Friday of each rotation either the clinical knowledge/skills assessment or ‘Grand Rounds’ will take place from 16.00 to 18.00 hours:

- All students required to assist with ‘out-of-hours’ work on a rota basis

- All students required to attend "The Equine Clinic", a first opinion practice for 1 week during 2 x 4 week rotation

- Dress code - blue coveralls and leather workboots

- Rotation organiser – S. Love: ext 5999; [email protected]

6. RECOMMENDED TEXTS

The fourth year course notes will provide a useful basic reference point for the final year course for which there are no specific texts. You are strongly recommended to read around the core material as widely as possible. Useful texts and journals containing information relevant to the Large Animal Clinical Studies Course are available in the James Herriot Library and include:

• Equine Medicine, Surgery and Reproduction: Mair, Love, Schumacher and Watson • Large Animal Internal Medicine, Editor: B.Smith • Equine Medicine and Surgery, 5th Ed, Editors: Calahan, Merrit, Moore and Mayhew • Equine Surgery, 2nd Ed, Editor Auer • Atlas of Equine Surgery, Fessler & Adams • Equine Internal Medicine, Editors: Reid and Bayly • Large Animal Clinical Neurology, Editor: I.Mayhew • Current Therapy in Equine Medicine 2, 3,4 and 5, Editor: N.E. Robinson • Equine Cardiology, Editor: M. Patteson • Equine Reproduction, Editor: A.O. Mackinnon • Manual of Equine Reproduction, 2nd Ed, Blanchard, Varner, Schumacher, Love, Brinsko & Rigby • Lameness in Horses, Editor: T. Stashak • Diagnosis and Management of Lameness in the Horse: Ross and Dyson • Manual of Equine Gastroenterology, Editors Mair, Divers and Ducharme • Equine Dentistry, Eds Baker & Easley • Handbook of Equine Wound Management, Knottenbelt • Self Assessment Colour Reviews Equine Internal Medicine/Equine Orthopaedics and Rheumatology/Equine Reproduction and Stud Medicine (Manson Publishing) • The Veterinary Formulary, Editor: Yolande Debuf • Diseases of Sheep, Editor: T.D. Aitken • “Veterinary Reproduction & Obstetrics” 7th edition: Arthur, Noakes, Pearson & Parkinson • “Herd Health” 2nd edition: Radostitis, Leslie & Fetrow • Bovine Medicine, 2nd edition: Editors: Andrews, Blowey, Boyd and Eddy • Veterinary Medicine, Radostitis, Blood and Gay • Current Veterinary Therapy 4 - Food Animal Practice, Howard & Smith • Diseases of Dairy Cattle, Rebhun • Lameness in Cattle 3rd Ed. Greenough & Weaver • Diseases of Swine, Editors: Straw and others • A Colour Atlas of Diseases and Disorders of The Pig: Smith, Taylor and Penny • Clinical Examination of Farm Animals, Jackson and Cockcroft • Veterinary Clinical Examination and Diagnosis, Radostits, Mayhew and Houston

Journals • The Veterinary Record • Cattle Practice (Journal of the British Cattle Veterinary Association) • Proceedings of the Sheep Veterinary Society • Pig Progress • Pig International • The Pig Journal (Proceedings of the Pig Veterinary Society) • In Practice • Equine Veterinary Education • Equine Veterinary Journal • Theriogenology

World Wide Web pages • DEFRA Home Page • http://www.defra.gov.uk • National Milk Records • http://www.nmr.co.uk/ • Farmers Weekly interactive • http://www.fwi.co.uk • World Wide Web Virtual Library Veterinary Medicine • http://netvet.wustl.edu/vetmed.htm • BSE page • http://www.defra.gov.uk/animalh/bse • Institute for Animal Health • http://www.iah.bbsrc.ac.uk/ • Veterinary Epidemiology • http://epiweb.massey.ac.nz • Interactive lameness cases • http://cal.vet.upenn.edu/lameness/intro/

CAL Packages and Programmes (available in the Computer Centre, Weipers Centre or the James Herriot Library) • Farm Animal Diseases 1 (CIC-1) (multiple choice) • Farm Animal Diseases 2 (CIC-1) (multiple choice) • Identification of Sheep and Cattle • Ruminant Mechanisms • The Individual Infertile Cow • Lameness in Dairy Cattle • The Evolution of High-Health Status Pig Systems • Liverpool Equine Cardiology Module • Equus • BEVA Stud Medicine I - IV • The Glass Horse • Equine Development

Moodle

Moodle is the University's centrally supported Virtual Learning Environment (VLE). The Faculty Moodle site can be accessed from on- or off-campus at: http://moodle.gla.ac.uk/vet/moodle/

Users should log in with their Novell username and password. After a successful login you will be asked to update your profile.

Once you have logged on, you will be able to access individual courses within Moodle, as well as general information, and information relating to EMS, summer vacation scholarships, and career opportunities. Many of the courses require a one-time enrolment key. Your course tutors will provide these at the start of term. Within individual courses, you will find links to lecture notes and presentations, past papers, timetables, and links to relevant websites that have been reviewed by your tutors. Throughout the year your tutors may also add additional Moodle ‘activities’ such as self-test material, assignments, surveys and discussion forums. Within ‘General resources and links for students’, you will find links to courses designed to help you start using Moodle.

Moodle replaces the Student Web Server, a 2004-5 archive version of which is still available on- or off-campus at: http://www.gla.ac.uk/faculties/vet/teaching/sws/ You will need to username 'vetstudent' and the password 'jamesherriot' to access this.

For any problems with Moodle please email Vicki Dale ([email protected]).

7. TEACHING HOURS AND TEACHING METHODS

7.1 Teaching hours Farm Animal Track Core* Track Student Staff Student Staff Clinical 43 86 82 32 hospital Tutorial 73 177 100 104 Practical 8 44 32 52 Demonstration 15 30 8 24 CAL/SDL 7 0 54 160 Rotation 146 337 256 212 Totals

Course Totals 146 622 276 968

Equine Track Option Core* Track* Student Staff Studen Staff t Clinical 43 86 308 616 hospital Tutorial 73 177 36 52 Practical 8 44 6 10 Demonstration 15 30 8 10 CAL/SDL 7 0 10 0 Rotation 146 311 368 690 Totals

Course Totals 146 622 368 2070

Farm Animal Track Option Components Garscube Popn Med/Epi FA Project Lanark* Student Staff Student Staff Student Staff Student Staff Clinical 12 24 4 8 0 0 66 0 hospital Tutorial 26 32 46 62 10 10 18 0 Practical 22 36 10 16 0 0 0 0 Demonstration 4 12 4 12 0 0 0 0 CAL/SDL 0 0 0 0 54 0 0 0 Rotation 64 104 64 98 64 160 84 0 Totals

Course Totals 64 416 64 392 64 160 84 0

* In addition to the formal instruction hours listed students will also take an active role in “out-of-hours duties during the evenings, nights and weekends

7.2 Teaching Methods All staff are not routinely made aware of Students with Disabilities. This information is considered confidential unless such a person agrees to complete disclosure. Consequently, the onus is on you to make individual staff aware of special needs you may have that impact on a particular method of teaching; staff will attempt to make reasonable adjustments. E.g. you may have a degree of red-green colour blindness and have difficulty distinguishing certain tissues or cells during microscopy.

8. METHODS OF ASSESSMENT

8.1 Assessment of student learning and the Course

The content and presentation of the course and the effectiveness of teaching will be assessed in several ways:

8.1.1 Staff will maintain informal records of individual student performance as evidenced by criteria including knowledge and its application, clinical competency, clinical skills, patient care and hospital case records/documentation. Feedback on staff assessment of students will be provided to individual students in a confidential manner and with the aim of directing student learning.

8.1.2 Students will complete a confidential written feedback questionnaire at the end of each rotation. The student feedback will be analysed on an on-going manner with a view to immediate correction of any logistical matters and on an annual basis with a view to altering any substantive educational aspects.

8.1.3 On an annual basis a focus group of at least 2 staff members and 3 students will meet to retrospectively discuss learning and teaching aspects of the course.

Each of these assessment methods will be incorporated within:

8.1.4 The Annual Course Monitoring Report to the Veterinary Board of Studies

8.1.5 The Board of Studies recommendations to the Faculty Committee

8.1.6 Reports from the Faculty to the Academic Regulation Committee ( a sub-committee of the University Education Committee) and ultimately to Senate

Staff feedback, student feedback and external examiners reports form the basis on which modifications to the course will be made. Modifications of a major nature require approval of the Board of Studies, the Faculty Committee and the Academic Regulation Committee

There are no class exams incorporated within the course. Course work includes group projects[farm animal track] and a 'spot' (steeplechase examination) [equine track]. There is no formal continuous assessment programme. There is a professional examination of clinical competency and veterinary knowledge at the end of the course (vide infra, 8.3)

8.2 Course Work

The course work is submitted at either end of formal teaching in week 24 of the course (farm animal project) or during week 4 of the rotation of the equine track ('steeplechase' Weipers Centre clinic seminar room in 1st rotation and Grand Rounds in 2nd rotation, AHTC Conference Room). Marking of Equine 'steeplechase' will be performed by students through provision of model answers i.e. self-assessment. Marking of equine grand rounds presentations will be incorporated within staff assessments of students overall performance during equine rotations (vide supra, 8.1.1)

The course work does not comprise a component of the professional examination mark.

8.3 Students with Disabilities

Because of the level of confidentiality involved, the Teaching Unit is not always aware of the currency of special need assessments. Therefore it is the responsibility of special needs students to ensure that the Teaching Unit is informed in adequate time of any new special needs evaluation prior to any summative assessment. Where appropriate students will be given additional time for written examinations, but no extra time will be given for the completion of oral examinations or practical/clinical assessments.

8.4.1 Professional Examination

8.4.1 The examination is named BVMSV Final Professional Examination (Large Animal Clinical Studies) 8.4.2 The examination comprises a series of viva voce stations incorporating both knowledge and competency, sensu lato, of the health, welfare and diseases of large animal species including farm animal species, equine species, public health/food technology and epidemiology 8.4.3 The examinations will be held during 12th-16th June 2006 (first diet) and 4th-6th September 2006 (second diet) 8.4.4 The examinations will be held in the 'Equine Stable Block'. 8.4.5 Anonymity of marking is not applicable to this entirely viva voce examination 8.4.6 If the candidates fail the examination in June they may take the resit (2nd Diet) examinations in September. The format of the September examination will be the same as the June examination, except that ALL students who achieve less than a grade D will be REQUIRED to have an oral examination conducted by the External Examiner and at least one of the Internal Examiners. Grades awarded at the second diet of the professional examination will in accordance with university policy be capped at Grade D.

8.4.7 The marking scheme is summarised as follows

The marking descriptors used in the examination are those given in schedule B of the University Calender for 2005-06

Primary Secondary Mark Primary verbal descriptors in respect of Demonstration of Professional BVMS band Grade Grade Practical Competencies and the Supporting Intellectual Knowledge. A 1 80-100 Exemplary and polished demonstration of the required practical competencies with focused Distinction 2 75-79 sensitivity to the needs of the subject, the complexities of the operational context and the 3 70-74 wider implications of the procedures or practices B 1 69 Efficient and confident display of the required practical competencies, an evident appreciation of Merit 2 67-68 the possible practical complications demonstrating initiative and flexibility of approach 3 65-66 C 1 63-64 Clear demonstration of attainment of the required practical competencies, with appropriate Pass 2 60-62 familiarity with relevant procedures in a range of contexts. 3 55-59 D 1 54 Adequate independent performance of practical competencies suitable to routine operational 2 52-53 contexts 3 50-51 E 1 49 Presently inadequate independent performance of the required practical competencies, but Fail 2 47-48 evidently aware of personal limitations and likely to attain sufficient competence through 3 45-46 practice F 1 44 Not presently capable of independent performance of the appropriate practical competencies, 2 42-43 lacking in perception in the operational context and prone to errors of judgement and faulty 3 40-41 practice G 1 35-39 2 30-34 N CR

8.5 External Examiners There will be two external Examiners - Prof C. J. Proudman, MA, VetMB, PhD, EDS, FRCVS, University of Liverpool Dr Michael Park,BVMS, PhD, MRCVS, State Veterinary Service

8.6 Prizes Which Will be Given for Work During the Course

Donald Campbell Prize - Awarded to the most distinguished graduate in Large Animal Clinical Studies The Don Haxby Prize - Awarded to the Final year student who has shown the greatest clinical competence during the Final Year in Large Animal Clinical Studies. Moredun Prize - Awarded to best student in Large Animal Practice The Bogan Prize - Awarded to the Final Year student who has combined excellence in both academic work and sport throughout the course. The Tharme Prize - Awarded to the Final Year student who has shown strength through adversity The Spencer French Awarded to a Final Year student who has performed well Memorial prize - throughout the Course and/or completed an intercalated degree, and who has contributed in a significant way to at least one other aspect of student/university activity. Silver Medal Awarded by the Royal Highland & Agricultural Society of (Large Animal) - Scotland for Large Animal Clinical Studies

8.7 Admittance to the Professional Examination

It is important to note that a candidate may not be admitted to the professional examination in any subject unless his/her performance in that course has been deemed satisfactory by the staff member in charge of the course. A student who is liable to be excluded from the examination will receive a formal warning in the form of an interview with the Course Leaders, before a final decision is taken on the matter.

The Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons stipulates that students are not eligible to sit final examinations until they have completed a minimum of 26 weeks clinical extramural studies. All students must submit all required EMS written work by the end of the spring term (17th March 2006) and provide proof that they have completed their EMS by (17th April 2006) to the EMS Office. Failure to comply may result in students being unable to sit examinations.

9. POLICY ON EXEMPTIONS AND COURSE CERTIFICATION

There is no exemption system in 5th Year.

10. OTHER IMPORTANT INFORMATION

10.1 Protective Clothing, Health and Safety

All students must, at all times, when working in the clinical areas wear protective clothing: blue coveralls and leather workboots (equine); coveralls, waterproof trousers, waterproof smock/gown and wellington boots (farm animal); white lab coat, wellington boots and waterproof apron (Public Health). Protective clothing must be changed when contaminated. Protective clothing worn in the clinical areas must be taken off before visiting other areas of the vet school, such as the canteen, common rooms, library or lecture theatre. Students should make use of the ample wash-up facilities throughout the clinical areas, especially bearing in mind the number of potentially serious zoonoses, which could be encountered. Cleanliness is particularly important after handling animals, particularly if contaminated with body-waste or fluids. The use of protective gloves may be advantageous in certain situations. Cuts and grazes must be covered with waterproof dressings. Always ensure you are tidy and clean up after yourself. Do not leave potentially dangerous equipment lying around, e.g. discarded scalpel blades, needles and make sure that all sharps and clinical waste material are placed in the correct bins.

All injuries, no matter how minor, are to be reported on official forms; inform the senior clinician in charge of your particular rotation and then report the incident to the qualified first- aid personnel: Mary Gatherer (Weipers Centre), Richard Irvine (PM Room), Charlie Cameron (Farm Animal Medicine and Production) Amanda Kelso and / or John Baillie (Lanark).

10.2 Staff - Student Liaison

Student welfare and well-being is a priority for all members of the teaching staff of the large animal clinical studies course. If you feel you have problems, or you feel you are not coping with the work and feel that the aims and objectives are not being attained, then please discuss this with members of staff. In the first instance this should be with the relevant rotation organiser i.e. Mr. D. Barrett (Core and Farm Animal Track) or Mr. J. Baillie (Lanark) or Mr. W.B. Steele (Public Health) or Sandy Love (Equine Clinical Studies). If it is a more general problem it should be discussed with the course leaders (Sandy Love and/or David Barrett) or with the Adviser of 5th year Students (Lance Voute).

The Student Learning Service (SLS) offers study skills advice, guidance and support to all students. If you would like to make your learning techniques more effective, you can attend workshops which take place regularly in the McMillan Reading Room or contact the Effective Learning Adviser (ELA). More information can be found at http://www.gla.ac.uk/services/sls.

Students will be required to assess the final year course in large animal clinical studies. This will be in the form of questionnaires and also meetings of student representatives with members of staff involved in the different courses. Feedback and constructive criticism by students is welcomed by staff members. The idea of these assessments is to identify any specific problems, to ensure that the courses are attaining the objectives and to introduce any improvements, if necessary. The co-ordinator of the student assessment of the course in large animal clinical studies is Joanne Glynn, Weipers Centre.

10.3 Staff

10.3.1 Large Animal Studies Core

Division of Animal Production and Public Health - David Barrett, Prof David Logue, Dr Kathryn Ellis, Philippa Hodges, Billy Steele, Prof David Taylor, Dr Dom Mellor, Dr Dorothy McKeegan, Ana Garcia, Ricardo Bexiga, Ana Mateus.

Division of Companion Animals - Prof Sandy Love, Prof Christoph Lischer, Dr Karen MacEachern, Lance Voute, Kris Hughes, Colin Scruton, Egbert Willems, Raphael Labens. Dave Rendle, Jonathon White, Heather Cottle.

Teaching Unit – V Dale

WJ Rielly SCIEH

State Veterinary Service

10.3.2 Farm Animal Track: Garscube and Population Medicine and Epidemiology

Division of Animal Production and Public Health - David Barrett, Prof David Logue, Dr Kathryn Ellis, Philippa Hodges, Prof David Taylor, Dr Dom Mellor, Dr Dorothy McKeegan, Prof Jim Parkins, Dr Graham Fishwick, Ricardo Bexiga, Ana Mateus.

10.3.3 Farm Animal Track: Project

Staff willing to act as project facilitators

Division of Animal Production and Public Health - David Barrett, Prof David Logue, Dr Kathryn Ellis, Prof David Taylor, Dr Dom Mellor, Prof Jim Parkins, Dr Graham Fishwick. Division of Cell Sciences - Dr Monika Mihm. Pathalogical Sciences – Dr Adrian Philbey

Students may also enlist the assistance of their EMS providers

10.3.4 Equine Clinical Studies Track: Blocks 1 and 2

Prof Sandy Love, Prof Christoph Lischer, Lance Voute, Colin Scruton, Kris Hughes, Dr Karen McEachern The Equine Clinic, Houston - Dr Tim Watson, Gavin Lawrie, Jane Lawson, Barbara Maulet Clinical Scholars - Raphael Labens, Egbert Willems, Dave Rendle, Jonathan White, Heather Cottle. Secretary, Equine Clinical Studies - Joanne Glynn. Nurses - Mary Gatherer, Linda George, Shona MacKinnon. Grooms - Linda Carr, Elspeth Ralston.

10.4 Timetables 10.4.1Timetable: Large Animal Clinical Studies Course Calendar 2005-2006 DATE WEEK C1 E2 F3 F4 F5 F6 G7 27-Jun-05 IJ E1 E2 4-Jul-05 IJ E1 E2 11-Jul-05 IJ F1 F2 18-Jul-05 IJ F1 F2 25-Jul-05 CD G1 G2 1-Aug-05 SUMMER SUMMER CD SUMMER SUMMER G1 G2 SUMMER 8-Aug-05 CD H1 H2 15-Aug-05 2005 2005 CD 2005 2005 H1 H2 2005 22-Aug-05 29-Aug-05 5-Sep-05 12-Sep-05 KL M1 M2 19-Sep-05 KL M1 M2 Term 1 26-Sep-05 KL N1 N2 1Term 3-Oct-05 KL N1 N2 10-Oct-05 1 ABCDEFGH 17-Oct-05 2 ABCDEFGH 24-Oct-05 3 ABCDEFGH 31-Oct-05 4 ABCDEFGH 7-Nov-05 5 IJKLMNOP 14-Nov-05 6 IJKLMNOP 21-Nov-05 7 IJKLMNOP 28-Nov-05 8 IJKLMNOP 5-Dec-05 9 AB EF G2 G1 CDH 12-Dec-05 10 AB EF G2 G1 CDH CHRISTMAS Term 2 09-Jan-06 11 AB GH E2 E1 CDF 16-Jan-06 12 AB GH E2 E1 CDF 23-Jan-06 13 IJ OP M2 M1 KLN 30-Jan-06 14 IJ OP M2 M1 KLN 6-Feb-06 15 IJ MN P1 P2 KLO 13-Feb-06 16 IJ MN P1 P2 KLO 20-Feb-06 17 CD EF H2 H1 ABG 27-Feb-06 18 CD EF H2 H1 ABG 6-Mar-06 29 CD GH F2 F1 ABE 13-Mar-06 20 CD GH F2 F1 ABE 20-Mar-06 AB P2 P1 27-Mar-06 EASTER EASTER AB EASTER EASTER P2 P1 EASTER 3-Apr-06 2006 2006 AB 2006 2006 O1 O2 2006 Term 3 10-Apr-06 AB O1 O2 1Term 17-Apr-06 21 KL OP N2 N1 IJM 24-Apr-06 22 KL OP N2 N1 IJM 1-May-06 23 KL MN O2 O1 IJP 8-May-06 24 KL MN O2 O1 IJP C1 - Core (clinical instruction, state veterinary medicine, public health, population medicine, reproduction, equine legislation) E2 - Equine Hospital (Weipers Centre) F3 - Farm Animal (Garscube) F4 - Farm Animal Population Medicine and Epidemiology (Garscube) F5 - Farm Animal (Lanark) F6 - Time allocated for Farm Animal Projects G7 - Self Study and General EMS Farm Animal Track 4 weeks core (C1) 2 weeks Farm Animal Garscube (F3) 2 weeks Farm Animal Population Medicine and Epidemiology (F4) 2 weeks Farm Animal, Lanark (F5) 2 weeks Farm Animal Projects (F6) Equine Track 4 weeks core (C1) 8 weeks (2 x 4) Equine Hospital, Weipers Centre (E2) G7 Self Study and General EMS

10.4.2 BVMS IV Large Animal Groups

BVMS IV Large Animal Groups 2005-2006

EQUINE TRACK A B C D Lorna Webster Jillian McComish Gemma Halcrow Louise Wilson Paul Eynon Catriona MacKenzie Michelle Coia Lucy Coldwell Giles Moore Kai-Biu Shiu Helen Munday Andrew Cooke Suzanne Duncan Susan Donaldson Elizabeth Newbury Adam Pawson Marie Sorowka Brian Rois-Mendez

I J K L Catriona Wilson Anna Jamieson-Till Joanne McGeoch Kirsten Simpson Morven McGregor Carolyn Todd Alex Belch Rachel Mort Kirsten Gallacher Sarah Campbell Matthew Denwood Cinthia Fulton Michaela Wilkinson Alasdair Graham Nicki Singleton Mairi Mackay 34 FARM ANIMAL TRACK E1 F1 G1 H1 Jennifer Philp Katherine Dunlop Philip Kennedy Caroline Smith Christina May Fiona Mallon Gavin Harper Heather Kennedy Ian Cure Alison Cox Caroline Wilson Euan Morrison Matthew McCree Kirsten McLeod E2 F2 G2 H2 Victoria Davies Rachael Collins Anne Coulter Caroline Harkness Alice Wright Joanne Younger Shona Morrison Nina De Franco Eileen McCann Helen Smith John Atkinson

M1 N1 O1 P1 Alistair Boyd* Fflur Roberts* Carol McInnes Catherine Tiernan John Sheppard* Susie Ridley* Olivia Byrne Colin Buchan Elaine McNamara Amy Koterbay Gerard McLauchlan Jonathan Laing Harriet Chapman See-mun Tsang Mark Geddes Holly Mervik M2 N2 O2 P2 Nicola Wilson Douglas Veitch Louise Forrest Heather Ramsey Victoria Smith Rupert Hunt-Taylor Claire Williams Ann McGaughay Laura Rennie Tim Wood Philippa Williams Abi Jackson 53

*Fflur Roberts and Susie Ridley will attend Lanark with Group M1 * Alistair Boyd and John Sheppard will attend Lanark with Group N1

11. SAMPLE EXAMINATION PAPERS

There is no sample examination because of the nature of the final examination.

12. CORE COMPETENCIES (RCVS)

ESSENTIAL COMPETENCES REQUIRED OF THE VETERINARY SURGEON INTRODUCTION 1. An important statutory function of RCVS is to determine the “standard of proficiency” and “knowledge and skill” to fit veterinary surgeons for practising in the United Kingdom. The standard set for registration is a key benchmark that affects the approval of veterinary degree courses in the UK and overseas, and should also be seen as the starting point for consideration of an individual’s continuing education and training needs after registration. Maintaining and further developing professional competence is a requirement for all veterinary surgeons. 2. This document sets out the essential competences required of the veterinary surgeon for membership of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons. 3. There are many definitions of ‘competence’ and many views on how it can be developed and assessed. In general terms, however, competence is a concept that integrates knowledge, skills and attitudes, the application of which enables the professional to perform effectively, and to respond to contingencies, change, and the unexpected. 4. This document takes a broad definition of competence as being “the ability to perform the roles and tasks required by one’s job to the expected standard” (Eraut & Boulay, 20001). The definition recognises that requirements and expectations change depending on the job role and context. It also recognises that competence develops, and that an individual may work ‘competently’ at many different levels, either at different stages of their career, or indeed from one day to the next depending on the nature of their work. 5. Eraut and Boulay (2000) point out the importance of distinguishing between an individual’s competence – what one can do, and performance – what one actually does. RCVS is concerned with competence when it undertakes its primary function of determining “the standard of proficiency required for registration” and ensuring that individuals “will have acquired the knowledge and skill needed for the efficient practice of veterinary surgery” (Veterinary Surgeons Act 1966, section 3). Performance may be affected by factors such as workload, working conditions, levels of support, and so on. The regulation of performance is a function of RCVS through its statutory disciplinary powers. 6. The essential competences have been broken down into three main areas. They are:

- A General professional competences and attributes describing the distinguishing characteristics of a veterinary surgeon - B Underpinning knowledge and understanding describing in general terms the breadth of knowledge and understanding needed for a career as a veterinary surgeon, and for subsequent professional development in whatever sphere of veterinary science the individual wishes to pursue - C Practically-based veterinary competences describing the basic practical competences that are expected at the point of graduation.

1 “Developing the Attributes of Medical Professional Judgement and Competence”, a review funded by the Postregistration Medical and Dental Education Research Initiative of the Dept. of Health’s Policy Research Programme, by Professor Michael Eraut and Benedict du Boulay, University of Sussex. The full paper is available on the web at http:/www.cogs.susx.ac.uk/users/bend/doh

The ten guiding principles of the RCVS Guide to Professional Conduct should be seen as overarching requirements for registration (and by implication, continued registration) with the College. The Guide states that:

Your clients are entitled to expect that you will: - 1. make animal welfare your first consideration in seeking to provide the most appropriate attention for animals committed to your care 2. ensure that all animals under your care are treated humanely and with respect 3. maintain and continue to develop your professional knowledge and skills 4. foster and maintain a good relationship with your clients, earning their trust, respecting their views and protecting client confidentiality 5. uphold the good reputation of the veterinary profession 6. ensure the integrity of veterinary certification 7. foster and endeavour to maintain good relationships with your professional colleagues 8. understand and comply with your legal obligations in relation to the prescription, safe-keeping and supply of veterinary medicinal products 9. familiarise yourself with and observe the relevant legislation in relation to veterinary surgeons as individual members of the profession, employers, employees and business owners 10. respond promptly, fully and courteously to complaints and criticism.

ESSENTIAL COMPETENCES REQUIRED OF THE NEW VETERINARY GRADUATE

“DAY ONE SKILLS”

A1 - GENERAL PROFESSIONAL SKILLS AND ATTRIBUTES The new veterinary graduate should be able to: A1.1 Communicate effectively with clients, the lay public, professional colleagues and responsible authorities; listen effectively and respond sympathetically to clients and others, using language in a form appropriate to the audience and the context A1.2 Prepare clear case reports and maintain patient records in a form satisfactory to colleagues and understandable by the public A1.3 Work effectively as a member of a multi-disciplinary team in the delivery of services to clients A1.4 Be aware of the ethical responsibilities of the veterinary surgeon in relation to individual patient care and client relations, and also more generally in the community in relation to their possible impact on the environment and society as a whole A1.5 Be aware of the economic and emotional climate in which the veterinary surgeon operates, and respond appropriately to the influence of such pressures A1.6 Be willing to use one’s professional capabilities to contribute as far as possible to the advancement of veterinary knowledge in order to benefit veterinary practice and further improve the quality of animal care and public health A1.7 Have an elementary knowledge of the organisation and management of a veterinary practice, including: . awareness of own and employer’s responsibilities in relation to employment and health and safety legislation, and the position relating to lay staff and public liability . awareness of how fees are calculated and invoices drawn up, and the importance of following the practice’s systems for record keeping and book-keeping, including computer records and case reports . ability to use information technology effectively to communicate, share, collect, manipulate and analyse information . importance of complying with professional standards and policies of the practice A1.8 Understand the need and professional obligation for a commitment to continuing education and training, and professional development, throughout one’s professional life A1.9 Conduct oneself in a professional manner with regard to the veterinary surgeon’s professional and legal responsibilities and understand and apply the ethical codes as set out in the RCVS Guide to Professional Conduct A1.10 Be able to cope with uncertainty and adapt to change A1.11 Develop a capacity for self-audit and willingness to participate in the peer-review process

A1.12 Be aware of personal limitations, and demonstrate awareness of when and from where to seek professional advice, assistance and support. (Commentary: This last item is considered to be one of the most important, and should guide all new veterinary graduates when undertaking their professional duties. Veterinary surgeons undertaking procedures on patients must at all stages in their careers be fully competent in their performance, or be under the close supervision of those so competent. When in doubt, the new veterinary graduate must seek professional support and in the interests of animal and human health, should not attempt to undertake complex procedures unsupervised.)

B1 - UNDERPINNING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING The new veterinary graduate will need to have acquired a thorough knowledge and understanding of the following: B1.1 The sciences on which the activities of veterinary surgeons are based B1.2 Research methods and the contribution of basic and applied research to all aspects of veterinary science B1.3 How to evaluate evidence B1.4 The structure and functions of healthy animals, and all aspects of their husbandry B1.5 The aetiology, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis and treatment of the common diseases and disorders that occur in the common domestic species in the UK B1.6 Legislation relating to the welfare (including transport) of animals and notifiable diseases B1.7 Medicines legislation and guidelines on responsible use of medicines B1.8 The principles of disease prevention and the promotion of health and welfare B1.9 Veterinary public health issues including zoonoses.

C1 - PRACTICAL COMPETENCES

The new veterinary graduate should be able to undertake the following:

C1.1 Obtain an accurate and relevant history of the individual animal or animal group, and its/their environment C1.2 Handle and restrain an animal safely and humanely, and instruct others in performing these techniques C1.3 Perform a complete clinical examination C1.4 Attend all species in an emergency and perform basic first aid (Commentary: problems to be handled for any species include first aid management of haemorrhage, wounds, breathing difficulties, eye & ear injuries, unconsciousness, clinical deterioration, burns, tissue damage, internal organ damage and cardiac arrest. First aid to be applied includes bandaging, cleaning, immobilising limbs, resuscitation procedures, haemorrhage control.) C1.5 Assess correctly the nutritional status of an animal and be able to advise the client on principles of husbandry and feeding (Commentary: this applies to commonly presented cases and would not, for example, be expected to include advanced nutritional advice for complex cases, eg. high performance horses, high yielding diary cows, certain exotic or zoological species.) C1.6 Collect, preserve and transport samples, perform standard laboratory tests, and interpret the results of those generated in-house, as well as those generated by other laboratories (Commentary: new graduates are expected to have a working knowledge of tests to be undertaken include conditions relating to infectious & contagious diseases; alimentary system; respiratory system; circulatory system; urinary system; nervous system; endocrine system; mucucutaneous system; musculoskeletal system; trauma; poisoning; obstetrics; paediatrics; parturition; reproduction) C1.7 Use radiographic, ultrasonic, and other technical equipment which can be used as a diagnostic aid, safely and in accordance with current regulations C1.8 Follow correct procedures after diagnosing notifiable, reportable and zoonotic diseases C1.9 Know and apply the RCVS twelve Principles of Certification correctly C1.10 Access the appropriate sources of data on licensed medicines; prescribe and dispense medicines correctly and responsibly in accordance with relevant legislation and ensure that medicines and waste are safely stored and/or disposed of C1.11 Correctly apply principles of sterilisation of surgical equipment C1.12 Correctly apply principles of aseptic surgery C1.13 Safely perform sedation, general and regional anaesthesia, implement chemical methods of restraint, and assess and control pain C1.14 Advise on, and administer appropriate treatment (Commentary: the new veterinary surgeon must always seek professional advice and support if presented with a case beyond his or her immediate capability – see item A.12) 38 Large Animal Clinical Studies

C1.15 Recognise when euthanasia is necessary and perform it humanely, using an appropriate method, whilst showing sensitivity to the feelings of owners and others, and with due regard to the safety of those present; advise on disposal of the carcase C1.16 Perform a basic gross post mortem examination, record details, sample tissues, store and transport them C1.17 Perform ante mortem inspection of animals destined for the food chain and correctly identify conditions affecting the quality and safety of products of animal origin C1.18 Assess and implement basic health and welfare records (and production records where appropriate) C1.19 Advise on, and carry out preventive and prophylactic programmes appropriate to the species and commensurate with accepted animal health, welfare and public health standards, seeking advice and assistance where necessary from professional colleagues C1.20 Minimise the risks of contamination, cross infection and accumulation of pathogens in the veterinary premises and in the field.

APPENDIX 1

General Required Knowledge

4. Develop knowledge and skills as outlined below: Knowledge and Skills to be obtained by end of equine track rotations

Section I: Required Knowledge Section II: Procedures which must have been performed and with which you are competent Section III: Procedure you may perform, assist or observe and with which you MUST be familiar: Section IV: Advanced, specialised procedures which you should be aware of for referral purposes:

Musculoskeletal System

Section I: Required Knowledge . normal limb anatomy . normal and abnormal limb conformation . sites for distal limb perineural local analgesia and for synoviocentesis . assessment of gait; rational approaches to lameness investigation . indications for, and interpretation of, special procedures (section II-IV) . common medications used, indications, dosage, adverse effects etc

Section II: Procedures which you must have performed and with which you should be competent . assessment of foot conformation and shoeing . examination of the foot: use of hoof testers and percussion . identification of fore and hind limb lameness . flexion tests . diagnostic imaging; radiography and ultrasonography . limb bandaging; immobilisation of fractures and following severe tendon/ligament injury . shoe removal

Section III: Procedure you may perform, assist or observe and with which you MUST be familiar . synoviocentesis for sampling/ nerve block/ medication/ lavage . shoeing for; dorsopalmar and lateromedial foot imbalance; hoof cracks; spavin; laminitis; angular and flexural limb deformities . synovial fluid analysis: sample collection, submission and interpretation

Section IV: Advanced, specialised procedures of which you should be aware for referral purposes . nerve blocks of the proximal limbs . orthopaedic surgery (arthroscopy, internal fixation, application of casts etc) . advanced diagnostic imaging: scintigraphy, MRI . muscle biopsy

Gastrointestinal System

Section I: Required Knowledge . normal and abnormal abdominal auscultation . signs, logical approach to and assessment of abdominal pain (colic) . signs, logical approach to and assessment of diarrhoea and endotoxaemia . logical approach to weight loss . basic oral examination and dentistry . faecal examination . parasitic disease and management . indications for and interpretation of special procedures of GIT (see section II to IV) . basic nutrition . common medications used, indications, dosage, adverse effects etc

Section II: Procedures which you must have performed and with which you should be competent . oral examination . rasp teeth . rectal examination . oral medications

Section III: Procedure you may perform, assist or observe and with which you MUST be familiar . nasogastric intubation . reflux by stomach tube . abdominocentesis . oral glucose tolerance test . gastric endoscopy . faecal sand test . faecal culture

Section IV: Advanced, specialised procedures of which you should be aware for referral purposes . colic surgery . liver biopsy . ultrasound of abdominal organs . tooth retraction, repulsion and endodontics . laparoscopy . gastric lavage . rectal biopsy

Respiratory System

Section I: Required Knowledge . normal and abnormal respiratory auscultation . assessment and logical approach to the common abnormalities - cough, nasal discharge, tachypnoea and respiratory noise . palpation and percussion of paranasal sinus, larynx, regional lymph nodes and trachea . indications for and interpretation of special procedures (see sections II to IV) . common medications used, indications, dosage, adverse effects, etc

Section II: Procedures which you must have performed and with which you should be competent . auscultation of respiratory tract with and without a rebreathing bag . percussion of paranasal sinuses

Section III: Procedure you may perform, assist or observe and with which you MUST be familiar . endoscopy (upper + lower airway) . bronchoalveolar lavage . transtracheal wash . thoracocentesis . ultrasonography . catheterisation of guttural pouches . thoracic radiography . sinocentesis . arterial blood collection for blood gases

Section IV: Advanced, specialised procedures of which you should be aware for referral purposes . paranasal sinus surgery and sinoscopy . surgery of the larynx . lung biopsy . throracic mass biopsy . thoracotomy and thoracoscopy

Cardiovascular System

Section I: Required Knowledge . normal and abnormal CV auscultation with recognition of variations in the cardiac cycle . assessment and logical approach to common abnormalities, tachycardia, murmurs and dysrhythmias . palpation and quality assessment of facial and digital pulses . normal and abnormal mucous membrane colour . assessment of jugular vein integrity; e.g. true jugular pulse, thrombosis . assessment and logical approach to dehydration and rehydration including in-field administration of fluids . indications for and interpretation of special procedures of the CVS (see sections II to IV) . common medications used, indications, dosage, adverse effects etc.

Section II: Procedures which you must have performed and with which you should be competent . intravenous injections . ECG interpretation

Section III: Procedure you may perform, assist or observe and with which you MUST be familiar . intravenous catheterisation . perform an ECG

Section IV: Advanced, specialised procedures of which you should be aware for referral purposes . echocardiography, including stress echocardiography . telemetric ECG; resting and during exercise

Reproductive System

Section I: Required Knowledge . normal and abnormal events of oestrus . assessment of and logical approach to common reproductive abnormalities, abortion, infertility, dystocia . indications for and interpretation of special procedures of the reproductive system (see sections II to IV) . common medications used, indications, dosage, adverse effects, etc . normal appearance of the external genitalia . familiarity of codes of practice on notifiable contagious pathogens of the reproductive tract

Section II: Procedures which you must have performed and with which you should be competent . examination of the external genitalia . cryptorchid identification . palpation of the reproductive tract per rectum . vaginal and cervical speculum examination

Section III: Procedure you may perform, assist or observe and with which you MUST be familiar . obstetrical manipulation . retained foetal membrane removal . uterine lavage . uterine swab and biopsy . ultrasonography . epidural anaesthesia . castration . artificial insemination . pregnancy diagnosis at 45 days

Section IV: Advanced, specialised procedures of which you should be aware for referral purposes . AI with frozen semen . semen collection and evaluation . caesarian . preparation of semen for transportation

Paediatrics

Section I: Required Knowledge . normal and abnormal vital signs and behavioural signs of foals . foal handling and physical and chemical restraint . signs, logical approach to and assessment of the sick neonate and young foal . formulation of a sepsis score . feeding of the neonatal and orphan foal . assessment and logical approach to angular and flexural limb abnormalities . common medications used, indications, dosage, adverse effects etc

Section II: Procedures which you must have performed and with which you should be competent . physical examination

Section III: Procedure you may perform, assist or observe and with which you MUST be familiar . sterile iv blood collection for culture . thoracic and abdominal radiography . collection of arterial blood for blood gas . set up iv fluid line and pump . treatment of retained meconium . iv blood collection for haematology, biochemistry and acid-base balance . intranasal oxygen therapy . glutaraldehyde coagulation test (GC) . calculate fluid deficits, ongoing needs and flow rates . intensive supportive foal care, feeding, and monitoring progress . ophthalmologic examination

Section IV: Advanced, specialised procedures of which you should be aware for referral purposes . treatment of ruptured bladder, patent urachus, omphalophlebitis . abdominal ultrasonography . echocardiography

Ophthalmology

Section I: Required Knowledge . normal ocular anatomy and neuroanatomy . signs, logical approach to and assessment of common abnormalities, blepharospasm, lacrimation, red, blue or cloudy eye, miosis, ulceration . methodical approach to examination of all ocular structures including fundus . indications for special procedures (see sections II to IV) . common medications used, indications, dosage, adverse effects etc

Section II: Procedures which you must have performed and with which you should be competent . fluoroscein staining . examination for foreign body . application of eye drops . ophthalmoscopic examination

Section III: Procedure you may perform, assist or observe and with which you MUST be familiar . auriculopalpebral nerve block . nasolacrimal cannulation . subconjunctival injection . subpalpebral lavage . conjunctival and corneal swab

Section IV: Advanced, specialised procedures of which you should be aware for referral purposes . Enucleation, corneal/conjunctival grafting techniques . Ultrasonography of the orbit . Corneal biopsy

Neurological System

Section I: Required Knowledge . normal and abnormal gait, head position, mentation, behaviour . methodical approach to neurological examination . signs, logical approach to and assessment of common abnormalities, ataxia, weakness, tremor, blindness, head tilt and stupor . indications for and interpretation of special procedures of the neurological system (see sections II to IV) . common medications used, indications, dosage, adverse effects

Section II: Procedures which you must have performed and with which you should be competent . neurological examination

Section III: Procedure you may perform, assist or observe and with which you MUST be familiar . cervical spinal radiography

Section IV: Advanced, specialised procedures of which you should be aware for referral purposes . CSF tap . advanced diagnostic techniques: scintigraphy, ultrasonography, nerve biopsy, EMG, MRI, CT

Urinary System

Section I: Required Knowledge . recognition of normal urinary tract anatomy . interpretation of results of urinalysis . logical approach to polyuria . logical approach to haematuria . indications for and interpretation of special procedures of the urinary system (see sections II to IV)

Section II: Procedures which you must have performed and with which you should be competent . collect urine for analysis . rectal palpation of the bladder

Section III: Procedure you may perform, assist or observe and with which you MUST be familiar . catheterise the bladder and collect urine

Section IV: Advanced, specialised procedures of which you should be aware for referral purposes . bladder and renal ultrasonography . renal biopsy . endoscopy of the lower urinary tract . water deprivation tests

Dermatology

Section I: Required Knowledge . recognition of abnormal skin /hair coat . interpretation of results of dermatological diagnostic tests . logical approach to dermatological cases with pruritis, alopecia, scaling and crusting, alterations in pigmentation and greasy heal . suture patterns and techniques . indications for and interpretation of special procedures of the skin (see sections II to IV)

Section II: Procedures which you must have performed and with which you should be competent . skin brushings . skin scraping . hair sampling . adhesive tape tests . suturing techniques (all species)

Section III: Procedure you may perform, assist or observe and with which you MUST be familiar . swabs for bacteriological culture . fine needle aspiration . skin biopsy

Section IV: Advanced, specialised procedures of which you should be aware for referral purposes . intradermal skin tests . immunological testing

Therapeutics, intensive care, clinical pathology and legislation

Section I: Required Knowledge . knowledge of common medications used, legislation of, indications, dosages, routes of administration, adverse effects . techniques and sites for IM and IV injections . interpretation of haematological, biochemical, bacteriological and cytological results . principles and techniques of equine field anaesthesia . euthanasia - techniques and ethical issues . vaccination strategies for horses . indications for, and application of, fluid therapy . sampling and sample handling: blood sample; peritoneal, pleural and synovial fluid; urine sample; blood culture . preparation of sites for surgery/collection of samples for culture . procedures and legal aspects of prepurchase/insurance examinations . endoparasite and ectoparasite control

Section II: Procedures which you must have performed and with which you should be competent . intravenous and intramuscular injection . assess hydration status and formulate a fluid therapy plan . prepurchase examination (practical class)

Section III: Procedure you may perform, assist or observe and with which you MUST be familiar . intravenous catheterisation and care of catheters . intensive care monitoring . inhalation anaesthesia . endocrine function tests

Section IV: Advanced, specialised procedures of which you should be aware for referral purposes . bone marrow sampling . total parentral nutrition . ‘witness’ and ‘expert witness’ issues . local and regional administration of therapeutics

APPENDIX 2

Required Clinical Knowledge for Farm Animal Species

The knowledge and skills described in this appendix should be gained by the end of the Large Animal Course and on completion of Clinical EMS. Much of this information will be covered prior to entering final year with elements having been taught in the Animal Husbandry, Physiology, Anatomy, Pathology, Pharmacology and CIC 1 courses. EMS should be seen as integral to the farm animal course and a vital learning environment if the required knowledge and skills are to be obtained prior to graduation. This is not a definitive list, but should be seen as a guide to those clinical areas considered important.

FOR ALL FARM ANIMAL SPECIES

Knowledge of:

 History taking  Restraint and safe handling  Full clinical examination of all body systems including:  Musculoskeletal - analysis of locomotion  Gastrointestinal - oral examination, auscultation, ballotment, rectal  Respiratory and cardiovascular - nasal examination auscultation, percussion, rate and rhythm of respiration and heart, colour of mucus membranes, jugular size  Reproductive and urinary tract  Neurological exam  Identifying abnormalities and their significance to produce a differential diagnosis list  Common breeds and breed identification  Uses of different breeds i.e. dairy/beef  Estimate age of animal by size and dentition  Approximate weight and if this corresponds to expected weight for age  Condition scoring as a management tool  Normal TPR  Normal anatomy and conformation  Lameness assessment  Herd/flock health plans. Production systems and yearly management plans related to seasonality including vaccination, parasite control, fertility, mastitis, pneumonia, diarrhoea and lameness  Common recording systems for production and how to interpret them  Organic and free range systems in relation to disease prevention, welfare and consequences of treatment  Importance of replacement rearing and care and management of young stock  Basics of nutrition at varying stages of production  Identify common feedstuffs and knowledge of the methods of preserving forage  Estimation of nutritive value of feed  The legislation relating to animal identification and movement control  Farm support mechanisms for cattle and sheep and how this affects farm economics  Basic knowledge of farm economics and cost-benefit implications of various veterinary interventions  Estimation of the market value of various classes of livestock  Legislation regarding use of medicine, recording, storage and disposal, both within the veterinary practice and on farm  Prevention of drug residues in food production  Certification for slaughter and insurance purposes  Welfare of animals on farm, during transport, at market and in the abattoir 51 Course Information

 Humane euthanasia of all classes of stock and their appropriate disposal  Post mortem techniques and how to take the relevant samples for diagnostic tests  Restraint techniques and systems for on farm handling of large groups of stock  Chemical and physical restraint of the individual  Surgical techniques - basic suture patterns, handling of instruments, principles of aseptic surgery  Knowledge of notifiable and reportable diseases, their recognition and diagnosis, and associated statutory requirements on detection thereof  National disease control and eradication initiatives  Zoonotic disease how to identify, precautions to take to prevent spread and implications for human health  Common diseases relating to species management and season, identification and treatment plus recommendations for the rest of the herd/flock  Sampling of appropriate animals within herd for disease monitoring  Principles and definition of biosecurity. Use of a closed herd as a measure to prevent disease introduction  Knowledge of injection sites and techniques including fluid therapy  Use of medicated feed and water  Normal reproductive cycles, techniques for their manipulation and its advantages /disadvantages  Methods of Pregnancy Diagnosis for each species  Recognition of dystocia and when and how to intervene. Ability to correct simple malpresentations  Management and organisation of practices client/vet interactions, process of billing and payment  Concept and provision of 24 hour cover

SPECIFIC SKILLS

CATTLE  Full and thorough clinical exam (see above)  Restraint and safe handling – techniques appropriate for cattle  Drug administration IM, IV, SC, Intramammary  Passing of stomach tube to aid diagnosis and treatment  Restraint and anaesthetic techniques for surgery inc. local anaesthetic techniques; epidural, local infiltration, paravertebral, IVRA and corneal nerve block  Casting of adult cattle  Castration when and how- surgical open or closed  Dehorning/disbudding when and how  The theory of caesarian sections, exploratory laparotomy, LDA/RDA, rumenotomy, rumen trocharisation, umbilical hernia repair, uterine and vaginal prolapse, teat surgery, urethrotomy, ringing a bull and digit amputation. Preferable to have assisted with or observed these techniques during EMS  Lameness examination and identification of location of lameness with ability to lift foot and undertake corrective trimming  Application of foot blocks when appropriate and indications for surgery  Knowledge of footbaths safe use and disposal  Recognition of fractures and prognosis  Application of splints/casts  Sites and indications for joint sampling/flushing  Reproduction - manual palpation of male and female tracts appreciating any abnormality found. Use of vaginal speculum, ultrasound of tracts. Manual PD- size of tract, presence of placentomes, fremitus, presence of foetus to give approximate stage of gestation. Uterine catheterisation. Procedure following an abortion - sampling, advice and reporting. Approach to calving, hygiene, when to elect for caesarian section. Treatment of RFM  Bull management and selection. Use of AI and synchronised breeding programmes 52 Large Animal Clinical Studies

 Knowledge of milking machines and routines in relation to mastitis control  Perform and interpret a CMT and take a milk sample for bacteriology  Knowledge of herd health schemes and BCVA Herd Health Plan

SMALL RUMINANTS

 Full and thorough clinical exam (see above)  Skin scrape for sheep scab, blood sampling techniques, faecal egg counts  Restraint and anaesthetic techniques for surgery inc. local anaesthetic techniques; epidural, local infiltration and paravertebral  Specific surgical techniques - caesarian section, ram vasectomy, vaginal and uterine prolapse, urethrotomy, digit amputation  Lameness investigation at individual and flock level  Foot trimming  Use of footbaths  Fracture repair  Familiarity with flock health planning, endo- and ectoparasite control (treatment and prevention), fertility including breeding season manipulation, care of the newborn, nutrition at various stages in the production cycle and vaccination strategies  Ram/Billy management and selection  Soundness examination including semen sampling  Awareness of health schemes e.g. MV EAE

 Clinical examination and restraint (as above)  Interpretation of health and production records  Appreciate the differences in levels of herd health and how to maintain these  Have a working knowledge of the necessary biosecurity for pig units  Ability to evaluate environment and production in relation to health and welfare for both intensive and outdoor systems