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Modeling the Capital and Operating Costs of Thermal Desalination Desalination and Water Purification Research and Development Program Report No. 130 WT Cost II Modeling the Capital and Operating Costs of Thermal Desalination Processes Utilizing a Recently Developed Computer Program that Evaluates Membrane Desalting, Electrodialysis, and Ion Exchange Plants U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation February 2008 REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. T T T T T 1.T REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY) 2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED (From - To) February 2008 Final Final 4.T TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER WT Cost II Agreement No. 04-FC-81-1038 Modeling the Capital and Operating Costs of Thermal Desalination Processes 5b. GRANT NUMBER Utilizing a Recently Developed Computer Program that Evaluates Membrane Desalting, Electrodialysis, and Ion Exchange Plants 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER Irving Moch, Jr., I. Moch and Associates, William R. Querns, Querns Engineering Services, LLD, and 5e. TASK NUMBER Darlene Steward, Boulder Research Enterprises, LLC Task F 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER 9. SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S ACRONYM(S) U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation, 11. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S REPORT Technical Service Center NUMBER(S) ,Denver Federal Center DWPR Report No. 130 PO Box 25007, Denver CO 80225-0007 12. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Available from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Operations Division, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield VA 22161 13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTEST Report can be downloaded from Reclamation Web site: www.usbr.gov/pmts/water/publications/reports.html 14. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words) A water treatment cost estimating program, WTCost II©, has been developed for all commercial desalting processes involving membrane desalinations (reverse osmosis and nanofiltration), thermal evaporative desalination plants using technologies of multistage flash distillation, multieffect distillation and vapor compression (mechanical and thermal), ion exchange, and electrodialysis. These processes and their associated unit operations have been seamlessly blended into an already developed computer program called WTCost©. The thermal processes include both single purpose (production of desalted water only – power obtained from the grid) and dual-purpose (manufacture of desalinated water wherein the power is derived from a coupled powerplant) plants and, also, hybrid concepts. The program also scopes media filtration and low- pressure membranes, microfiltration and ultrafiltration. All these water treatment processes can be employed singularly or in series or parallel combinations. 15. SUBJECT TERMS Desalination, Cost Estimation, Distillation, Thermal Desalination, Construction Cost, Operation and Maintenance Cost 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION 18. NUMBER 19a. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE PERSONT OF ABSTRACT OF PAGES Michelle Chapman SAR 40 a. REPORT b. ABSTRACT c. THIS PAGE 19b. TELEPHONE NUMBER (include area code) UL UL UL 303-445-2264 S Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8/98) P Prescribed by ANSI Std. 239-18 Desalination and Water Purification Research and Development Program Report No. 130 WT Cost II Modeling the Capital and Operating Costs of Thermal Desalination Processes Utilizing a Recently Developed Computer Program that Evaluates Membrane Desalting, Electrodialysis, and Ion Exchange Plants: Case Study for a Seawater 20-million-gallon-per-day (MGD) Hybrid System Involving 10-MGD Multistage Flash Distillation Plus 10-MGD Reverse Osmosis Prepared for Reclamation Under Agreement No. 04-FC-81-1038 by Irving Moch, Jr., I. Moch & Associates, Inc. With William R. Querns, Querns Engineering Services, LLD Darlene Steward, Boulder Research Enterprises, LLC U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation Technical Service Center Water and Environmental Services Division Water Treatment Engineering Research Team Denver, Colorado February 2008 MISSION STATEMENTS The mission of the Department of the Interior is to protect and provide access to our Nation's natural and cultural heritage and honor our trust responsibilities to Indian tribes and our commitments to island communities. The mission of the Bureau of Reclamation is to manage, develop, and protect water and related resources in an environmentally and economically sound manner in the interest of the American public. Disclaimer Information contained in this report regarding commercial products or firms was supplied by those firms. It may not be used for advertising or promotional purposes and is not to be construed as an endorsement of any product or firm by the Bureau of Reclamation. The information contained in this report was developed for the Bureau of Reclamation; no warranty as to the accuracy, usefulness, or completeness is expressed or implied. Author’s Disclaimer The information contained in the WTCost II© is based on published documents, technical data, tests, and internal studies that are believed to be reliable. It is intended for use by persons having approved technical skills at their own discretion and risk. Since conditions of use are outside our control, we can assume no liability for results obtained or damages incurred through the application of the data presented. This information is not intended as a license to operate under, or a recommendation to infringe, any patent covering any material or use. Abstract A computer cost estimating program, WTCost II©, has been developed for all commercial desalting processes involving membrane desalinations (reverse osmosis and nanofiltration), thermal evaporative desalination plants using technologies of multistage flash distillation, multieffect distillation and vapor compression (mechanical and thermal), ion exchange and electrodialysis. The Bureau of Reclamation has been a sponsor. These processes and their associated unit operations have been seamlessly blended into an already developed computer program called WTCost©. The thermal processes include both single purpose (production of desalted water only - power obtained from the grid) and dual- purpose (manufacture of desalinated water wherein the power is derived from a coupled power plant) plants and, also, hybrid concepts. The program also scopes media filtration and low pressure membranes, microfiltration and ultrafiltration. All these water treatment processes can be employed singularly or in series or parallel combinations. With these water technologies on one CD ROM program, a user can now evaluate any treatment system using a standard desalination cost format. Thus, direct comparisons can be made, enabling a customer to define what are the least costly process and technology alternatives for a project tender. Further, this procedure is a teaching tool and will also enable researchers to evaluate their studies for commercial viability at any point in time. Experts have assessed the consistency and accuracy of all subsystems against recent awards and found the results to be very reasonable. The initial WTCost© program has been enhanced to cover such additional areas of currency exchanges, land acquisition, insurance, electrochlorination, and value added tax. Over 90 copies of it have been released to the domestic and international markets. Reports back have been very positive as to the program’s content and user friendliness; it has been found to provide reasonable results in comparison to past projects and in answering questions on future tenders. iii Table of Contents Page Introduction.............................................................................................. 1 Program Content ...................................................................................... 2 Technical Approach................................................................................. 3 Program Options................................................................................ 4 Comments ................................................................................. 8 Case Study for 20-mgd Plant with 10 mgd RO and 10 mgd MSF .......... 10 Program Flow..................................................................................... 11 Water Analysis................................................................................... 12 Unit Operations.................................................................................. 15 Desalting Processes................................................................... 16 Membrane Processes..........................................................
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