AP World History Ch 20 Reading Study Guide

The World Shrinks, Early Modern Era 1450-1750: Africa/Africans in the Age of the Atlantic Slave Trade

Name______

1. How might the adventuresome life of Baquaqua off us some insight to the tumultuous world of the 18th & 19 Century Atlantic Economy?

2. When did the Portuguese establish their fortress at El Mina?

3. When did the English first become involved in the Atlantic Slave Trade?

4. When did the Dutch establish their colony at the Cape of Good Hope?

5. When did the British take control of it?

6. How and why did Europeans become involved in the affairs and history of Africa?

7. What was the MAJOR impact of European contact?

8. How did the Portuguese us their forts along the west coast of Africa?

9. Which kingdom did the Portuguese attempt to “Europeanize”?

10. What was the Portuguese attitude toward Africans?

11. How did the Portuguese (and later Europeans) acquire MOST of their slaves in Africa?

12. What new agricultural product required a large number of laborers (slaves)?

13. How many Africans we forcibly shipped across the Atlantic between 1450 & 1850? What was the mortality rate?

14. Where did the slave population grow through reproduction NOT merely through additional shipments? Why?

15. According to Table 20.2; What area received the largest number of slaves? Where does British North America (USA) rank?

16. How did the older Trans-Saharan Salve Trade differ from the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade?

Read “In Depth: Slavery and Human Society”

17. In what ways had slavery ALWAYS been part of human civilization?

18. How did Trans-Atlantic Slavery lead to increased racism?

19. What European ideas lead toward and abolition of slavery?

1 The World Shrinks, Early Modern Era 1450-1750: Africa/Africans in the Age of the Atlantic Slave Trade

20. What was the purpose of the Royal African Company?

21. Why does Stearns call Africa a “graveyard” for Europeans?

22. Which two European cities specifically benefitted economically from the slave trade?

22. Describe “Triangular Trade” – Is this inexorably linked to capitalistic development? Discussion Topic

23. Describe the different forms of African slavery BEFORE European involvement.

24. Why was the enslavement of women an important feature or pre-European slavery?

25. How did Europeans fit themselves into existing trading patterns in Africa?

26. How did the slave trade and the introduction of European goods/weaponry affect African politics?

27. How was the Asante (Ashante) kingdom formed?

28. Though the kingdom of Benin engaged in some slave trade, what were their principal products?

29. Describe the rise and influence of the Kingdom of Dahomey.

30. How did African Art find its way into European ‘high society’?

31. How did some Indian, Swahili & Arab merchants follow the European “example” in E. Africa?

32. How did the Fulani tribe seek to reform ‘corrupt’ Islamic kings?

33. What was the outcome?

34. When and why did the Dutch East India Company establish a colony at the Cape of Good Hope?

35. How did this lead to white settlement and expansion in southern Africa?

36. Who were the Afrikaners?

37. When did the British seize Cape Colony?

38. How did this seizure lead to the Great Trek?

39. Describe the activities and impacts of Shaka Zulu.

40. What was the outcome of the Zulu Wars of the 1870s?

Read “Document: An African’s Description of the Middle Passage” & be prepared to discuss in class.

41. What new caste-type system developed in the New World as a result of African slavery?

42. How did African culture survive in the New World?

43. What African cultures persisted in Brazil? Jamaica? Haiti?

44. How did religion play a role in African slave life?

45. What were Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s & Adam Smith’s views on slavery?

46. Which religious figures were heavily involved in the slavery abolition effort in the British Empire?

47. When did slavery finally end in the New World?

KEY TERMS CHAPTER 21 factories: trading stations with resident merchants established by the Portuguese and other Europeans. l Mina: important Portuguese factory on the coast of modern Ghana. lançados: Afro-Portuguese traders who joined the economies of the African interior with coastal centers.

Nzinga Mvemba: ruler of the Kongo kingdom (1507-1543); converted to Christianity and was renamed Afonso I; his efforts to integrate Portuguese and African ways foundered because of the slave trade.

Luanda: Portuguese settlement founded in the 1520s; became the core for the colony of Angola.

Royal African Company: chartered in Britain in the 1660s to establish a monopoly over the African trade; supplied slaves to British New World colonies.

Indies piece: a unit in the complex exchange system of the West African trade; based on the value of an adult male slave. triangular trade: complex commercial pattern linking Africa, the Americas, and Europe; slaves from Africa went to the New World; American agricultural products went to Europe; European goods went to Africa.

Asante: Akan state the Gold Coast (now Ghana) among the Akan people and centered at Kumasi.asantehene: title, created by Osei Tutu, of the civil and religious ruler of Asante.

Benin: African kingdom in the Bight of Benin; at the height of its power when Europeans arrived; active slave trading state; famous for if bronze casting techniques.

Dahomey: African state among the Fon or Aja peoples; developed in the 17th century centered at Abomey; became a major slave trading state through utilization of Western firearms..

Usuman Dan Fodio: Muslim Fulani leader who launched a great religious movement among the Hausa..

Great Trek: movement inland during the 1830s of Dutch-ancestry settlers in South Africa seeking to escape their British colonial government.

Shaka: ruler among the Nguni peoples of southeast Africa during the early 19th century; developed military tactics that created the Zulu state.

Mfecane: wars among Africans in southern Africa during the early 19th century; caused migrations and alterations in African political organization.

Swazi and Lesotho: African states formed peoples reacting to the stresses of the Mfecane.

Middle Passage: slave voyage from Africa to the Americas; a deadly and traumatic experience. candomble: African religious practices in Brazil among the Yoruba. | vodun: African religious practices among descendants in Haiti.

Palmares: Angolan-led large runaway slave state in 17th-century Brazil.

Surinam Maroons: descendants of 18th century runaway slaves who found permanent refuge in the rainforests of Surinam and French Guiana.

William Wilberforce: British reformer who led the abolitionist movement that ended the British slave trade in 1807.