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Realitat De Les Persones Migrades I De La Interculturalitat a Menorca

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Realitat De Les Persones Migrades I De La Interculturalitat a Menorca Realitat de les persones migrades i de la interculturalitat a Menorca Elaborat per: Amb el finançament de : Amb l’assessorament de : 2 REALITAT DE LES PERSONES MIGRADES I DE LA INTERCULTURALITAT A MENORCA DESEMBRE DE 2019 Estudi elaborat per Agrup 360, format per: Andreu Florit Moll, Isabel Gónzalez Enríquez i Borja Pellejero Garriga Foto de portada: Pixabay, a: https://pixabay.com/ Agraïments: Aquest treball ha estat possible per la col·laboració desinteressada de moltes persones, a les quals volem nombrar en aquest informe. En primer lloc, a l’equip tècnic del Fons Menorquí de Cooperació, per la confiança que han disposat en nosaltres i el seu suport durant el procés d’elaboració del projecte. De manera especial, a Jenina Mitjana de l’Ajuntament de Maó, pel seu assessorament en les diferents fases del projecte, la facilitació de contactes per entrevistar persones migrades i la contestació del formulari d’ICC. En segon lloc, de tot cor, a totes les persones migrades a Menorca que ens han donat confiança i ens han dedicat el seu temps per explicar-nos les seves vivències, percepcions i expectatives. Així mateix, a totes les persones que ens han facilitat els seus contactes: Fàtima Anglada (SSCB Ciutadella), Adelina Moscardó (SSCB Sant Lluís), Victòria Suàrez (OFIM), Carme Cardona (Plataforma Benvinguts Refugiats Menorca), Tònia Florit (professora), Anna Martí (SSCB Alaior) i Lluïsa Gómez Pellicer (Turisme). I, finalment, a tot el professorat que han fet possible i han passat les enquestes als centres educatius de Menorca, de manera especial: a Daniel Martí del CC La Salle d’Alaior; a Anna Pérez del CC La Salle Maó; a Anna Gener del CC Sant Francesc de Sales; a Joan Rodríguez i Lucía Pérez del CC Sant Josep; Sebastià i Olmo Heras de l’IES Cap de Llevant; Eva Bagur de l’IES Josep Miquel Guàrdia; Llorenç Llabrés de l’IES Joan Ramis i Ramis; i Pilar Campins de l’IES Maria Àngels Cardona. Esperam que l’esforç de totes aquestes persones quedi ben reflectit en els continguts del present informe, així com també ajudi a la presa de decisions per millorar la qualitat de vida de les persones migrades i la cohesió social de Menorca. Per a citació bibliogràfica: 3 Florit, A.; González, I; Pellejero, B.: Realitat de les persones migrades i de la interculturalitat a Menorca. Fons Menorquí de Cooperació. Ferreries, 2019. Índex Presentació ................................................................................................................................. 6 Metodologia ............................................................................................................................... 8 1. Context ................................................................................................................................. 12 1.1. Demografia ........................................................................................................................ 13 1.2. Societat .............................................................................................................................. 19 2. Situació de les persones migrades ....................................................................................... 23 2.1. Sociodemografia ................................................................................................................ 24 2.1.1. Perfil ............................................................................................................................ 24 2.1.2. Situació administrativa ............................................................................................... 26 2.1.3. Nivell d’estudis ........................................................................................................... 27 2.2. Travessia migratòria i assentament .................................................................................. 28 2.2.1. Motius de la migració ................................................................................................. 28 2.2.2. Trajecte migratori ....................................................................................................... 31 2.2.3. Procés d’assentament ................................................................................................ 34 2.3. Integració ........................................................................................................................... 42 2.3.1. Situació laboral ........................................................................................................... 42 2.3.2. Habitatge .................................................................................................................... 43 2.3.3. Unitat de convivència ................................................................................................. 45 2.3.4. Participació política i comunitària .............................................................................. 46 2.3.5. Llengua ........................................................................................................................ 49 2.3.6. Discriminació .............................................................................................................. 52 2.3.7. Dona ............................................................................................................................ 57 2.3.8. Valoració de la situació a Menorca ............................................................................ 59 2.4. Relació amb el país d’origen ............................................................................................. 66 2.5. Expectatives i propostes .................................................................................................... 67 3. Percepció sobre la immigració i la multiculturalitat ............................................................ 73 3.1. Perfil de l’alumnat enquestat ............................................................................................ 74 3.2. Valoració global sobre la immigració i la relació amb les persones de països diferents. 76 3.3. Percepció de la immigració. .............................................................................................. 83 3.4. Percepció de la multiculturalitat. ...................................................................................... 90 4. Política intercultural ............................................................................................................. 91 4 4.1. Compromís ........................................................................................................................ 96 4.2. Educació ............................................................................................................................ 97 4.3. Serveis Públics ................................................................................................................... 99 4.4. Empresa i mercat laboral .................................................................................................. 99 4.5. Vida cultural .................................................................................................................... 100 4.6. Espai públic i mediació .................................................................................................... 102 4.7. Idioma .............................................................................................................................. 104 4.8. Mitjans i comunicació...................................................................................................... 104 4.9. Perspectiva internacional ................................................................................................ 105 4.10. Coneixement i competència cultural ............................................................................ 105 4.11. Acollida de les persones nouvingudes .......................................................................... 106 4.12. Lideratge, ciutadania i participació ............................................................................... 107 4.13. Mesures de lluita contra la discriminació ..................................................................... 108 5. Resum concloent ................................................................................................................ 109 5.1. La població....................................................................................................................... 110 5.2. El procés migratori .......................................................................................................... 111 5.3. La integració de les persones migrades .......................................................................... 112 5.4. Les expectatives de futur ................................................................................................ 115 5.5. La percepció sobre la immigració i la multiculturalitat ................................................... 116 5.6. La política intercultural ................................................................................................... 118 Fonts consultades i bibliografia .............................................................................................. 120 Annex ...................................................................................................................................... 122 Annex 1: Qüestionari de la realitat de les persones migrades .............................................. 123 Annex 2: Qüestionari a l’alumnat del segon cicle de secundària sobre les migracions de persones
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