SOLAEGUI ENGINEERS June 4, 2018

Peter Gower, AICP CEP EMPSi Environmental Management and Planning Solutions, Inc. 4741 Caughlin Parkway, Suite 4 Reno, Nevada 89519

RE: Burning Man Environmental Impact Statement Traffic Analysis

Dear Peter:

This report provides an evaluation of traffic operations on Northern Nevada roadways as a result of the Burning Man festival held in the Black Rock Desert in Washoe County, Nevada. Attendance at Burning Man is anticipated to increase and this study provides traffic analysis for the increased traffic generated by the event.

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Burning Man is an eight day, annual event held in the Black Rock Desert each summer by Black Rock City, LLC. The event typically begins on the Sunday before Labor Day (Sunday, August 27 for the 2017 event) and ends on Labor Day (Monday, September 4 for the 2017 event). Guests of Burning Man access the event site from County Road 34 via State Route 447 and County Road 447 in Northern Nevada. The 2017 Burning Man event reported a total attendance of 79,454 which includes paid participants and staff. This study analyzes the traffic impacts on the area roadways for an event with a maximum attendance of 100,000 participants and staff.

STUDY ROADWAY SEGMENTS AND ANALYSIS SCENARIOS

The following study area roadways provide access to the project site. The key roadways are shown on Figure 1 on the following page.

• Interstate 580 (I-580) -Interstate 80 to Reno-Tahoe International Airport • Interstate 80 (I-80)- West ofl-580 (in Reno) to Wadsworth, Nevada • State Route 44 7 - SR-427 to Gerlach, Nevada • County Road 447- Gerlach, Nevada to Nevada/California State Line • State Route 445 (Pyramid Highway)- I-80 (in Sparks) to SR-446 • State Route 427- I-80 Wadsworth Exit to I-80 West Fernley Exit • State Route 446- SR-445 to SR-447

?olaegui Engineers Ltd. • 715 H Street • Sparks, Nevada 89431 • 775/358-1004 • FAX 775/358-1098 Civil & Traffic Engineers e-mail: [email protected]

2 The study area roadways were selected for evaluation because they are expected to carry a significant amount of project traffic and were included in the 2012 Environmental Assessment Traffic Study. The study segments were limited to roadways in Nevada because traffic disperses as it gets further from the event site, and therefore "blends into" the normal traffic volumes. The proposed I-80 study route does not go beyond Reno to the west. The peak daily Burning Man traffic on I-80 in west Reno and I-580 south of I- 80 is anticipated to be a relatively low percentage of the total traffic volume which will further disperse outside of Reno, Nevada.

The following scenarios are analyzed in the traffic study:

• Existing Conditions - Existing roadway level of service was analyzed based on daily traffic volumes on the study roadway segments.

• Existing Plus 2017 Burning Man Conditions - Traffic volumes generated by the 2017 Burning Man event were added to the existing study roadway segment traffic volumes for existing plus 2017 Burning Man conditions level of service analysis. The highest daily traffic volume day was analyzed based on a 2017 Burning Man event population of 79,454 participants and staff.

• Existing Plus Future Burning Man Conditions - Traffic volumes generated by a future Burning Man event were added to the existing study roadway segment traffic volumes for the existing plus future Burning Man conditions level of service analysis. The highest traffic volume day was analyzed based on a total future Burning Man event population of 100,000 participants and staff.

ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY

Transportation engineers and planners commonly use the term level of service (LOS) to measure and describe the operational status of a roadway network. An intersection or roadway segment level of service can range from LOS A (indicating free-flow traffic conditions with little or no delay), to LOS F (representing oversaturated conditions where traffic flows exceed design capacity, resulting in long queues and delays).

The Nevada Department of Transportation (NDOT) strives to maintain LOS D or better on their roadways.

The key roadway segments were analyzed on a daily basis using daily level of service thresholds formerly used by the Regional Transportation Commission (RTC) of Washoe County, Nevada. Some of the key roadways have Nevada Department of Transportation (NDOT) collector classifications but will be analyzed as arterials because they are similar to other roadways listed as arterials in the RTC functional roadway classification table.

3 Table 1 shows the daily roadway segment level of service thresholds (both travel directions) for the various functional roadway classifications.

TABLE 1 DAILY ROADWAY SEGMENT LEVEL OF SERVICE THRESHOLDS (BOTH DIRECTIONS)

DAILY TRAFFIC VOLUME THRESHOLD FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION LOS A LOS B LOS C LOS D LOS E 2-Lane Arterial N/A 5,500 14,800 17,500 18,600 4-Lane Arterial N/A 20,400 36,100 38,400 40,600 4-Lane Freeway 28,600 42,700 63,500 80,000 90,200 8-Lane Freeway 51,100 81,500 121,400 153,200 180,400 10-Lane Freeway 63,800 101,900 151,800 191,500 225,500

The segment of State Route 447 within Empire, Nevada was also evaluated at a more detailed peak hour level for the existing plus 2017 Burning Man and existing plus future Burning Man scenarios. This segment of roadway was further analyzed due to the congestion observed during the peak Burning Man arrival and departure times.

The peak hour analysis was based on procedures presented in the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM 2016), prepared by the Transportation Research Board, for two-lane highways. The Highway Capacity Manual indicates that the maximum capacity of a 2- lane highway is 1,700 vehicles per hour in the peak direction. However, this roadway capacity must be adjusted to reflect specific roadway characteristics such as roadway width, shoulder width, no-passing zones, number of access points, terrain type, and vehicle mix.

The HCM 2016 indicates that peak hour level of service for 2-lane highways is measured in terms of average travel speed (ATS), percent time spent following (PTSF), and the percent of free-flow speed (PFFS). The average travel speed reflects mobility on two-lane roadways. The percent time spent following represents the freedom to maneuver and the comfort and convenience of travel. It is the average percentage of time that vehicles must travel in platoons behind slower vehicles due to the inability to pass. The percent of free flow speed represents the ability of vehicles to travel at or near the posted speed limit. Table 2 from the HCM 2016 shows the peak hour roadway segment level of service criteria for 2-lane highways.

It should be noted that Table 2 shows LOS criteria for three different class of highways. Peak hour level of service for 2-lane highways is also dependent on highway classification. The segment of State Route 447 within Empire will be evaluated as a class III highway as defined by the HCM 2016.

4 TABLE 2 PEAK HOUR ROADWAY SEGMENT LEVEL OF SERVICE CRITERIA CLASS II CLASS III CLASS I HIGHWAYS HIGHWAYS HIGHWAYS LOS ATS (MPH) PTSF (%) PTSF (%) PFFS (%) A >55 ≤35 ≤40 >91.7 B >50-55 >35-50 >40-55 >83.3-91.7 C >45-50 >50-65 >55-70 >75-83.3 D >40-45 >65-80 >70-85 >66.7-75.0 E ≤40 >80 >85 ≤66.7 F DEMAND EXCEEDS CAPACITY Note: For Class I highways, LOS is determined by the worse of ATS-based LOS and PTSF-based LOS.

EXISTING CONDITIONS

Roadway System

A brief description of the key study area roadways used by Burning Man guests is provided below.

Interstate 580 (I-580) is a north/south interstate freeway that runs through Reno, Nevada. I-580 (US-395) provides access to Susanville, California to the north and Carson City, Nevada to the south. I-580 is generally a four to ten lane freeway with a 65 mile per hour speed limit through Reno, Nevada.

Interstate 80 (I-80) is an east/west interstate freeway that runs through Reno, Nevada. I-80 provides access to Sacramento and San Francisco, California to the west and Salt Lake City, Utah to the east. Through Reno and Sparks, I-80 is a four or six lane roadway with a 65 mile per hour speed limit. East of Sparks to Wadsworth, I-80 is a four-lane freeway with a 70 mile per hour speed limit.

State Route 445 (Pyramid Highway) is a north-south roadway that connects to 1-80 at its south end and SR-446 at its north end. Pyramid Highway is generally a four-lane roadway from 1-80 to just north of Egyptian Drive-Sunset Springs Lane and a two-lane roadway from north of Egyptian Drive-Sunset Springs Lane to SR-446. The speed limit varies from 35 miles per hour at its southerly end through downtown Sparks to 65 miles per hour at its northerly end as it approaches Pyramid Lake and SR-446.

5 State Route 446 is an east/west, two-lane roadway that borders the southern part of Pyramid Lake. SR-446 intersects SR-447 at its east end in the town of Nixon and Pyramid Highway at its west end. The speed limit on SR-446 between Pyramid Highway and SR-447 is 65 miles per hour except as it steps down to 45 miles per hour near the SR-447 intersection. The roadway generally contains a ±1 foot wide paved shoulder with sporadic sections of dirt shoulder wide enough for a vehicle to pull off the road.

State Route 447 is generally a north-south, rural, two-lane roadway between SR-427 and Gerlach, Nevada. The speed limit on most of SR-447 is 70 miles per hour; however through the towns of Nixon and Gerlach the speed limit drops to 25 miles per hour. The speed limit through the town of Empire drops to 45 miles per hour, and the speed limit through Wadsworth drops to 15 miles per hour through the school zone. The roadway generally contains a ±1 foot wide paved shoulder with sporadic sections of dirt shoulder wide enough for a vehicle to pull off the road. The rural towns along SR-447 have sufficient space for vehicles to park along the roadway. State Route 447 becomes Main Street within the town of Gerlach and then becomes County Road 447 northwest of Gerlach.

County Road 447 is generally a north-south, rural, two-lane roadway between Gerlach, Nevada and the Nevada/California state line. The speed limit is 55 miles per hour but drops to 35 miles per hour near the intersection with County Road 34. The roadway generally contains a ±1 foot wide paved shoulder with sporadic sections of dirt shoulder wide enough for a vehicle to pull off the road.

County Road 34 is generally a north-south, rural, two-lane roadway that begins at County Road 447 and borders the northwest side of the Black Rock Desert. The speed limit is posted for 55 miles per hour. The roadway generally contains a ±1 foot wide paved shoulder with an 8 to 10 foot wide dirt shoulder with varying degrees of slope. County Road 34 provides primary access to the Black Rock Desert and Black Rock City.

State Route 427 is a two-lane roadway that connects to 1-80 west at the Wadsworth Pyramid Lake interchange and to 1-80 east at the Wadsworth Fernley interchange. The speed limit varies from 25 to 55 mph.

Daily Roadway Segment Traffic Volumes and Level of Service

Existing daily traffic volumes at 16 locations on the study area roadways were obtained from historical traffic count data obtained from the Nevada Department of Transportation's (NDOT) 2016 Annual Traffic Report. 2016 data is the most recent published data available. This daily traffic volume data is available on the NDOT website. Table 3 shows the two-directional, daily traffic volumes on the various study roadway segments. The traffic volumes for the existing conditions do not include traffic generated by the 2017 Burning Man event.

6 The 16 locations on the study area roadways were subsequently reviewed for level of service operation by comparing the existing daily traffic volumes presented in Table 3 to the daily roadway segment level of service thresholds shown in Table 1. Table 3 shows the corresponding roadway level of service for the existing conditions. The 16 roadway segments listed in Table 3 are graphically depicted on Figure 2.

TABLE 3 DAILY TRAFFIC VOLUMES AND LEVEL OF SERVICE FOR EXISTING CONDITIONS ROADWAY DAILY NO. ROADWAY SEGMENT LOCATION TYPE VOLUME LOS 1 County Road 34 East of County Road 447/Gerlach 2-Lane Arterial 440 B 2 County Road 447 North of County Road 34/Gerlach 2-Lane Arterial 230 B 3 State Route 447 South of County Road 34/Gerlach 2-Lane Arterial 410 B 4 State Route 447 North of Nixon 2-Lane Arterial 380 B 5 State Route 447 North of SR-446 in Nixon 2-Lane Arterial 1,400 B 6 State Route 447 North of SR-427 in Wadsworth 2-Lane Arterial 840 B 7 State Route 427 East of SR-447 2-Lane Arterial 2,300 B 8 State Route 427 West of SR-447 2-Lane Arterial 1,000 B 9 State Route 446 Between SR-445 and SR-447 2-Lane Arterial 430 B 10 SR-445 (Pyramid) South of SR-446 2-Lane Arterial 790 B 11 SR-445 (Pyramid) North of Calle De La Plata 2-Lane Arterial 6,200 C 12 SR-445 (Pyramid) South of La Posada Drive 4-Lane Arterial 35,000 C 13 Interstate 80 West of Wadsworth 4-Lane Freeway 26,000 A 14 Interstate 80 East of Pyramid Highway 4-Lane Freeway 94,000 F 15 Interstate 80 East of Keystone Avenue 8-Lane Freeway 96,000 C 16 Interstate 580 North of Glendale Avenue 10-Lane Freeway 160,000 D

As shown in Table 3, all of the study area roadway segments currently operate at acceptable levels of service (LOS D or better) except for the segment of Interstate 80 east of Pyramid Highway which operates at LOS F.

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8 Traffic Crash Review

In an effort to address safety and safety deficiencies, historic crash data was reviewed on State Route 447 and County Road 447. Traffic crash data was not reviewed on I-80 or any of the remaining study area roadways. Detailed crash summary data on State Route 447 and County Road 447 was obtained from the Nevada Department of Transportation. The analysis period is from June 1, 2014 to June 1, 2017. The period includes the 2014, 2015, and 2016 Burning Man events but not the 2017 Burning Man event. This was the most current information available at the time of the request.

Crash data was provided for three segments of State Route 447. The first segment is State Route 447 from the intersection of State Route 446 in Nixon, Nevada at mile post 14.87 to the end of the Nevada Department of Transportation maintained portion of the highway at mile post 74.63 in Gerlach. The second segment is Main Street (County Road 447) in Gerlach between Beechnut Court and County Road 34. The third segment is County Road 447 (the Washoe County maintained portion of the highway) between the County Road 34 intersection and the Nevada/California state line.

A total of 49 crashed were reported on the three segments during the three year period. Forty-five crashes occurred on State Route 447 on the segment between Nixon and Gerlach during this three year period. Only one crash occurred in Gerlach and three on the north segment over the same three year time frame. Among those crashes one fatality occurred on October 30, 2015. The driver was reported to have fallen asleep and ran off the road. This fatal crash occurred about 15 miles north of Nixon and did not seem connected to the Burning Man event.

Accident rates were reviewed on State Route 447 for “normal” and Burning Man traffic volume periods. During normal conditions, 27 crashes occurred over the three-year period when State Route 447 serves an average of ±400 vehicles per day. This translates to ±63 accidents per million vehicles on State Route 447. A total of 22 crashes occurred over the three-year period during the Burning Man events when State Route 447 serves a total of 67,632 vehicle trips during the event. This amounts to an accident rate of ±108 accidents per million vehicles. Pullover areas appear to be an existing safety deficiency associated with State Route 447. Only sporadic sections of dirt shoulder wide enough for a vehicle to pull off the road exist. Another roadway deficiency is the narrow shoulders. The existing roadway generally has ±1 foot wide paved shoulders.

Of the forty-nine total crashes, twenty-two occurred during the ten-day duration of the Burning Man events over the three years. Table 4 on the following page shows a summary of the crashes occurring during the 2014, 2015, and 2016 Burning Man events. The crashes are listed by milepost location in order to evaluate trends.

9 TABLE 4 TRAFFIC CRASHES DURING THE 2014, 2015, AND 2015 BURNING MAN EVENTS NO. ROADWAY LOCATION DATE CRASH TYPE 1 State Route 447 MP 17.37 8/29/14 Ran Off Roadway 2 State Route 447 MP 19.50 8/30/14 Ran Off Roadway 3 State Route 447 MP 24.72 9/1/14 Rear-End 4 State Route 447 MP 28.14 8/29/14 Ran Off Roadway 5 State Route 447 MP 29.05 9/6/15 Angle 6 State Route 447 MP 30.07 9/3/16 Ran Off Roadway 7 State Route 447 MP 31.08 8/29/14 Ran Off Roadway 8 State Route 447 MP 36.03 8/29/16 Ran Off Roadway 9 State Route 447 MP 38.51 9/6/16 Ran Off Roadway 10 State Route 447 MP 43.07 9/6/16 Angle 11 State Route 447 MP 43.90 9/6/16 Rear-End 12 State Route 447 MP 55.00 8/31/15 Sideswipe Overtaking 13 State Route 447 MP 56.81 9/1/14 Ran Off Roadway 14 State Route 447 MP 59.19 9/6/16 Ran Off Roadway 15 State Route 447 MP 60.00 9/6/16 Angle 16 State Route 447 MP 61.81 8/25/14 Angle 17 State Route 447 MP 63.98 8/31/15 Sideswipe Overtaking 18 State Route 447 MP 68.60 8/29/15 Backing 19 State Route 447 MP 69.98 9/1/14 Sideswipe Overtaking 20 State Route 447 MP 73.02 9/5/16 Sideswipe Meeting 21 State Route 447 MP 73.99 8/29/15 Ran Off Roadway 22 CR 34/SR 447 Intersection 9/1/14 Wrong Way

As shown in Table 4, the crashes were widely dispersed along State Route 447, generally several miles apart with the closest being separated by 0.81 miles. Nine crashes occurred during the 2014 event, five during 2015 event, and eight during the 2016 event. The accident types included ten ran off the road crashes, four angle collisions, four sideswipes, two rear end collisions, one backing collision, and one wrong way intersection collision at the County Road 447/County Road 34 intersection. Generally the contributing factors were driver error. Failure to yield the right of way, inattentive or careless driving, and not maintaining the proper lane were the main factors. Because of the wide dispersion of crashes and variety of driver error contributing factors no specific traffic engineering mitigation measures are offered at this time.

10 EXISTING PLUS 2017 BURNING MAN CONDITONS

Traffic Data Collection

Traffic counters were installed at two locations near the Burning Man study area. The first count station was on State Route 447 at milepost 74 south of Gerlach, Nevada and the second location was on County Road 447 at milepost 101 northwest of Gerlach, Nevada. Figure 3 shows the approximate traffic counter locations. The counters were installed on August 3, 2017 with daily traffic volumes recorded from August 4, 2017 to October 20, 2017. In addition to recording daily traffic volume data, hourly traffic volume data was collected from August 25, 2017 to September 8, 2017. The hourly data was recorded during pre-event, event, and post-event activities. The daily and hourly traffic count data is include in the attachments.

The traffic counter at milepost 74 recorded a decrease in volumes from Wednesday evening of August 30 to Thursday morning of August 31 and the traffic counter at milepost 101 recorded a volume increase on Thursday of August 31. These volume shifts were caused by a wildfire that resulted in the temporary closure of State Route 447 at Nixon. The wildfire occurred during the middle of the Burning Man event and therefore did not impact the highest entering and departing peak hour periods that are analyzed in this study.

Daily Roadway Segment Traffic Volumes and Level of Service

The daily traffic volume data collected during the event is the basis of the existing plus 2017 Burning Man roadway segment level of service. The highest daily traffic volumes on State Route 447 and County Road 447 occurred on Monday, September 4, 2017. The existing daily traffic volumes on these two segments were deducted from the count volumes and the resulting daily traffic volume combined to obtain a peak Burning Man daily traffic volume of 14,294 vehicles per day on County Road 34.

The distribution of the Burning Man trips to the remaining study area roadway segments was estimated based on survey data collected from previous events and from existing traffic patterns. Figure 4 shows the trip distribution percentages used to assign the daily traffic volumes generated by the 2017 Burning Man event.

The daily traffic volumes for the existing plus 2017 Burning Man conditions were subsequently determined by adding the project generated daily traffic volumes to the existing daily traffic volumes shown in Table 3. Table 5 shows the two-directional, daily traffic volumes on the various study roadway segments for the existing plus 2017 Burning Man conditions.

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13 The 16 locations on the study area roadways were subsequently reviewed for level of service operation by comparing the existing plus 2017 Burning Man traffic volumes to the daily roadway segment level of service thresholds shown in Table 1. Table 5 shows the corresponding level of service for the various study roadway segments for the existing plus 2017 Burning Man conditions. For comparison, Table 5 also shows the daily volumes and level of service for the existing conditions.

TABLE 5 DAILY TRAFFIC VOLUMES AND LEVEL OF SERVICE FOR EXISTING PLUS 2017 BURNING MAN CONDITIONS

EXISTING EXISTING + CONDITIONS 2017 BMAN ROADWAY DAILY DAILY NO. ROAD SEGMENT LOCATION TYPE VOLUME LOS VOLUME LOS 1 CR-34 East of CR-447/Gerlach 2-Lane Arterial 440 B 14,730 C 2 CR-447 North of CR-34/Gerlach 2-Lane Arterial 230 B 1,580 B 3 SR-447 South of CR-34/Gerlach 2-Lane Arterial 410 B 13,355 C 4 SR-447 North of Nixon 2-Lane Arterial 380 B 13,320 C 5 SR-447 North of SR-446 in Nixon 2-Lane Arterial 1,400 B 14,340 C North of SR-427 in 6 SR-447 2-Lane Arterial 840 B 10,850 C Wadsworth 7 SR-427 East of SR-447 2-Lane Arterial 2,300 B 3,730 B 8 SR-427 West of SR-447 2-Lane Arterial 1,000 B 9,580 C 9 SR-446 From SR-445 to SR-447 2-Lane Arterial 430 B 3,370 B 10 SR-445 South of SR-446 2-Lane Arterial 790 B 3,730 B 11 SR-445 North of Calle De La Plata 2-Lane Arterial 6,200 C 9,140 C 12 SR-445 South of La Posada Drive 4-Lane Arterial 35,000 C 37,940 D 13 I-80 West of Wadsworth 4-Lane Freeway 26,000 A 34,580 B 14 I-80 East of Pyramid Highway 4-Lane Freeway 94,000 F 105,510 F 15 I-80 East of Keystone Avenue 8-Lane Freeway 96,000 C 103,150 C 16 I-580 North of Glendale Avenue 10-Lane Freeway 160,000 D 164,290 D

As shown in Table 5, the study area roadway segments continue to operate at acceptable levels of service (LOS D or better) for the existing plus 2017 Burning Man conditions except for the I-80 segment located east of Pyramid Highway which continues to operate at LOS F.

14 Peak Hour Roadway Segment Traffic Volumes and Level of Service

Existing plus 2017 Burning Man peak hour traffic volumes on State Route 447 within Empire, Nevada were obtained from the existing peak hour traffic counts taken at the State Route 447 segment south of Gerlach. For the 2017 Burning Man event the peak arrival traffic volume occurred on Sunday, August 27, 2017 from 1:00 to 2:00 AM and the peak departure traffic volume occurred on Monday, September 4, 2017 from 8:00 to 9:00 AM. Table 6 shows the peak hour traffic volumes during the highest arrival and departure periods. The directional splits were obtained from additional Nevada Department of Transportation traffic count data.

The segment of State Route 447 within Empire, Nevada was subsequently reviewed for level of service operation based on the procedures presented in the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM 2016), prepared by the Transportation Research Board, using the latest version of the Highway Capacity computer software. The computer software calculates a percent of free-flow speed (PFFS) and a level of service rating is subsequently assigned to the roadway based on the PFFS range shown in Table 2. Table 6 shows the level of service results for the existing plus 2017 Burning Man conditions. The highway capacity computer printouts are included in the Attachments.

TABLE 6 PEAK HOUR TRAFFIC VOLUMES AND LEVEL OF SERVICE FOR EXISTING PLUS 2017 BURNING MAN CONDITIONS

PEAK HOUR TRAFFIC VOLUME ROADWAY SEGMENT NORTHBOUND SOUTHBOUND TOTAL PFFS LOS State Route 447 within Empire (Class III Highway) Peak Arrival Hour 614 19 633 75.5% C Peak Departure Hour 41 771 812 70.5% D

As shown in Table 6, the segment of State Route 447 within the town of Empire operates at LOS C during the peak arrival hour and LOS D during the peak departure hour.

From a qualitative review standpoint the actual departure traffic congestion observed in Empire appeared worse than LOS D. The Highway Capacity software may not have been fully capable of addressing the congestion associated with the vehicle and pedestrian movements in this area. In our opinion the Highway Capacity Manual analysis techniques are helpful for comparison purposes among the scenarios.

EXISTING PLUS FUTURE BURNING MAN CONDITONS

Daily Roadway Segment Traffic Volumes and Level of Service

The daily traffic volumes for the existing plus future Burning Man conditions were estimated by applying a 1.2586 factor to the traffic volumes generated by the 2017

15 Burning Man event and then adding these factored volumes to the existing daily traffic volumes. The factor was derived based on an event population growth from 79,454 to 100,000 participants. This traffic volume growth factor assumes that vehicle, bus, and airplane ridership for the future Burning Man event will grow at the same rate as the 2017 Burning Man event. Table 7 shows the two-directional, daily traffic volumes on the various study roadway segments for the existing plus future Burning Man conditions.

The study roadway segments were subsequently reviewed for level of service operation by comparing the existing plus future Burning Man traffic volumes presented in Table 7 to the daily roadway segment level of service thresholds shown in Table 1. Table 7 shows the corresponding level of service for the various study roadway segments for the existing plus future Burning Man conditions. For comparison, Table 7 also shows the level of service for existing and existing plus 2017 Burning Man conditions.

TABLE 7 DAILY TRAFFIC VOLUMES AND LEVEL OF SERVICE FOR EXISTING PLUS 2017 FUTURE BURNING MAN CONDITIONS

EXISTING EXISTING + EXISTING + CONDITIONS 2017 BMAN FUTURE BMAN SEGMENT ROAD DAILY DAILY DAILY NO. ROAD LOCATION TYPE VOLUME LOS VOLUME LOS VOLUME LOS East of CR- 2-Lane 1 CR-34 440 B 14,730 C 18,430 E 447/Gerlach Arterial North of CR- 2-Lane 2 CR-447 230 B 1,580 B 1,930 B 34/Gerlach Arterial South of CR- 2-Lane 3 SR-447 410 B 13,355 C 16,700 D 34/Gerlach Arterial North of 2-Lane 4 SR-447 380 B 13,320 C 16,670 D Nixon Arterial North of SR- 2-Lane 5 SR-447 1,400 B 14,340 C 17,690 E 446 in Nixon Arterial No. of SR-427 2-Lane 6 SR-447 840 B 10,850 C 13,430 C in Wadsworth Arterial East of 2-Lane 7 SR-427 2,300 B 3,730 B 4,100 B SR-447 Arterial West of 2-Lane 8 SR-427 1,000 B 9,580 C 11,800 C SR-447 Arterial From SR-445 2-Lane 9 SR-446 430 B 3,370 B 4,130 B to SR-447 Arterial South of 2-Lane 10 SR-445 790 B 3,730 B 4,490 B SR-446 Arterial North of Calle 2-Lane 11 SR-445 6,200 C 9,140 C 9,900 C De La Plata Arterial

16 TABLE 7 DAILY TRAFFIC VOLUMES AND LEVEL OF SERVICE FOR EXISTING PLUS 2017 FUTURE BURNING MAN CONDITIONS

EXISTING EXISTING + EXISTING + CONDITIONS 2017 BMAN FUTURE BMAN SEGMENT ROAD DAILY DAILY DAILY NO. ROAD LOCATION TYPE VOLUME LOS VOLUME LOS VOLUME LOS South of La 4-Lane 12 SR-445 35,000 C 37,940 D 38,700 E Posada Drive Arterial West of 4-Lane 13 I-80 26,000 A 34,580 B 36,800 B Wadsworth Freeway East of Pyramid 4-Lane 14 I-80 94,000 F 105,510 F 108,500 F Highway Freeway East of 8-Lane 15 I-80 96,000 C 103,150 C 105,000 C Keystone Freeway North of 10-Lane 16 I-580 160,000 D 164,290 D 165,400 D Glendale Freeway

As shown in Table 7, the majority of the study area roadway segments operate at acceptable levels of service (LOS D or better) for the existing plus future Burning Man conditions. However, the I-80 segment located east of Pyramid Highway continues to operate at LOS F. County Road 34, State Route 447 in Nixon, and Pyramid Highway south of La Posada Drive operate at LOS E.

Peak Hour Roadway Segment Traffic Volumes and Level of Service

Peak hour traffic volumes on State Route 447 within Empire, Nevada for the existing plus future Burning Man conditions were again obtained by applying the 1.2586 factor to the peak hour traffic volumes generated by the 2017 Burning Man event and then adding these factored volumes to the existing peak hour traffic volumes. The peak hour traffic volumes on State Route 447 were obtained from the Nevada Department of Transportation. As with the daily traffic volumes, the factor was obtained based on an event population growth from 79,454 to 100,000 persons. Table 8 shows the peak hour traffic volumes during the highest arrival and departure periods. The directional splits were again obtained from additional Nevada Department of Transportation data.

The segment of State Route 447 within Empire, Nevada was subsequently reviewed for level of service operation based on the procedures presented in the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM 2016), prepared by the Transportation Research Board, using the latest version of the Highway Capacity computer software. The computer software calculates a percent of free-flow speed (PFFS) and a level of service rating is subsequently assigned to the roadway based on the criteria shown in Table 2. Table 8 shows the corresponding level of service for State Route 447 for the existing plus future Burning Man conditions. The highway capacity printouts are included in the Attachments.

17 TABLE 8 PEAK HOUR TRAFFIC VOLUMES AND LEVEL OF SERVICE EXISTING PLUS FUTURE BURNING MAN CONDITIONS

PEAK HOUR TRAFFIC VOLUME ROADWAY SEGMENT NORTHBOUND SOUTHBOUND TOTAL PFFS LOS State Route 447 within Empire (Class III Highway) Peak Arrival Hour 770 25 795 71.0% D Peak Departure Hour 50 960 1,010 64.8% E

As shown in Table 8, the segment of State Route 447 in the town of Empire operates at LOS D during the peak arrival hour and LOS E during the peak departure hour.

Improvement Analysis to Maintain Roadway Level of Service D Operation

The I-80 segment east of Pyramid Highway currently operates at LOS F and will continue to do so for both the existing plus 2017 Burning Man and existing plus future Burning Man scenarios. This segment of I-80 is currently the most congested segment of the freeway in the metropolitan area and is being studied in a Nevada Department of Transportation I-80 corridor study. It is assumed that NDOT will eventually address this existing I-80 congestion issue.

The segments of State Route 447 in Nixon and Pyramid Highway south of La Posada Drive each operate at LOS E for the existing plus future Burning Man conditions. However, both of these roadway segments exceed the LOS D threshold by only ±1% which likely does not warrant improvements for impacts experienced only a few days of the year.

County Road 34 and the segment of State Route 447 in Empire are each anticipated to operate at unacceptable levels of service for the existing plus future Burning Man conditions. However, this unacceptable level of service is only observed for a few days of the year during the event. Traffic operations on both of these roadway segments are mostly dependent on the release of traffic at the main gate. Metering and manned control at the main gate will greatly benefit these roadway segments.

The segment of State Route 447 within Empire, Nevada was subsequently re-analyzed for capacity in order to estimate the peak hour traffic volume threshold which would provide LOS D operation for the existing plus future Burning Man conditions. As shown in Table 8, the peak departure period operates at LOS E with a total volume of 1,010 vehicles (50 northbound and 960 southbound). Re-analysis of the roadway segment indicates that LOS D operation can be achieved if the southbound direction departure movement is limited to a maximum traffic volume of 800 vehicles per hour and the two-direction volume (northbound and southbound) is limited to 840 vehicles per hour.

18 Hourly traffic volumes on State Route 447 within Empire were subsequently reviewed in order to determine if a 840 vehicle maximum hourly flow rate (both directions) can be accommodated in the Sunday, Monday, and Tuesday departure time periods for the existing plus future Burning Man conditions. Table 9 shows a summary of the hourly traffic volumes (both directions) on State Route 447 for these three departure days. Again, the existing plus 2017 Burning Man volumes were obtained from actual traffic counts during the event. The existing plus future Burning Man volumes were again obtained by applying a 1.2586 factor to the trips generated by the 2017 Burning Man event and then adding these factored volumes to existing traffic volumes.

TABLE 9 PEAK HOUR TRAFFIC VOLUMES ON STATE ROUTE 447 DURING MAIN DEPARTURE PERIODS SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY 2017* FUTURE^ 2017* FUTURE^ 2017* FUTURE^ TIME EVENT EVENT EVENT EVENT EVENT EVENT 12:00 - 1:00 AM 492 620 404 510 76 100 1:00 - 2:00 643 810 390 490 46 60 2:00 - 3:00 192 240 699 880 44 50 3:00 - 4:00 186 240 741 930 42 50 4:00 - 5:00 175 220 687 870 66 80 5:00 - 6:00 295 370 295 370 79 100 6:00 - 7:00 379 480 694 870 148 180 7:00 - 8:00 537 670 697 870 247 310 8:00 - 9:00 674 840 812 1,010 217 270 9:00 - 10:00 512 640 762 950 395 490 10:00 - 11:00 509 630 740 920 265 330 11:00 - 12:00 498 620 724 840 523 650 12:00 - 1:00 PM 741 920 726 910 524 650 1:00 - 2:00 713 890 705 880 609 760 2:00 - 3:00 678 850 631 790 369 460 3:00 - 4:00 695 870 665 830 491 610 4:00 - 5:00 695 870 494 610 552 690 5:00 - 6:00 710 890 320 400 415 520 6:00 - 7:00 741 930 407 510 311 390 7:00 - 8:00 708 890 446 560 141 170 8:00 - 9:00 772 970 558 700 129 160 9:00 - 10:00 607 760 409 510 132 160 10:00 - 11:00 424 530 205 260 97 120 11:00 - 12:00 670 840 144 180 61 80 * Existing plus 2017 Burning Man Conditions ^ Existing plus Future Burning Man Conditions

19 The shaded volumes in Table 9 represent hours in which the total roadway volume exceeds the 840 vehicle per hour LOS D threshold. The 840 vehicle per hour threshold will initially be exceeded during the 12:00 to 1:00 PM hour on Sunday and will continue during various hours through the 1:00 to 2:00 PM hour on Monday. The total number of vehicles that will exceed the 840 vehicle per hour threshold amount to 1,210 vehicles over the 19 individual hours. These vehicles will subsequently be delayed and then served in a later hour. However, the hours beginning with the 9:00 to 10:00 PM hour on Sunday to the 6:00 PM gate closure time on Tuesday will easily absorb the 1,210 excess vehicles while staying below the 840 maximum.

TRAFFIC PLAN REVIEW

As stated in the 2016 Traffic Plan for Burning Man, Black Rock City (BRC) has cooperated with and supported local Law Enforcement and other agencies to ensure safe travel for participants and community members before, during, and after the Burning Man event. The 2016 Burning Man Traffic Plan was reviewed and the following comments and recommendations are provided:

Empire Store Fuel Flagging

The Traffic Plan states that flaggers are provided in Empire to control queuing at the gas station, assist vehicles entering the roadway after fueling, and to control a temporary pedestrian crosswalk on State Route 447 in front of the store. These flagging operations are in place to prevent a backup forming on or blocking State Route 447. However, significant delays were observed for southbound vehicles on State Route 447 between Gerlach and Empire during the peak departure hours on Monday. This segment of roadway was observed with the highest level of traffic congestion. The high delays appeared to be a result of vehicle and pedestrian conflicts in Empire. In an effort to substantially reduce vehicle/pedestrian conflicts within Empire, it is recommended that parking be prohibited on the east side of State Route 447 and the crosswalk be removed during the Sunday and Monday peak departure hours. We recommend that flagging operations continue during the Sunday and Monday departure hours to control queuing at the gas station and assist vehicles entering the roadway after fueling. We envision that the flaggers will force southbound vehicles to proceed on SR-447 when the shoulder queuing area is full.

Gate Road Metering

The Traffic Plan states that the Gravel-T Flagging operation responds to information from Gerlach-Y via radio communications and regulates the rate at which vehicles are released from the playa on County Road 34. This flagger control at the Gerlach-Y appears to be the way traffic flow is maintained in the town of Gerlach. It is recommended that flaggers at the Gerlach-Y continue to hold traffic at the Gerlach-Y in order to maintain traffic flow in Gerlach.

20 The Burning Man Traffic Plan states that an average of 650 vehicles per hour are released onto County Road 34 during the Burning Man exodus. The average 650 vehicle per hour release volume amounts to 15,600 vehicles per day over 24 hours. This could include 300 vehicles in one hour and 1,000 vehicles in another hour as generally shown by the combined departure traffic counts on SR-447 (Milepost 74) and County Road 447 (Milepost 101). Based on that threshold over 24 hours Burning Man was holding the departure volume to 15,600 but there was high congestion. The reality is that when the hourly volume far exceeds the highway’s hourly carrying capacity delays increase exponentially. Our capacity hourly analysis method deals with maximum hourly volumes and is an effort to avoid the high congestion and cumulated long delays we observed. As previously discussed, for the future Burning Man event State Route 447 in Empire can serve a maximum of 800 vehicles per hour (southbound only) while maintaining LOS D operation. It is therefore recommended that the Traffic plan be revised to state that a maximum of 880 vehicles per hour be released onto County Road 34 in order to serve the existing plus future Burning Man conditions. The 880 vehicle per hour maximum release volume will consist of a traffic volume of 800 vehicles per hour on State Route 447 in Empire (southbound only) that maintains LOS D operation and 80 vehicles per hour (northbound only) using County Road 447. About 10% of the event departing traffic (80 peak hour vehicles) take County Road 447 north to Cedarville and does not use the sensitive section of State Route 447 in Empire.

We trust that this information will be adequate for your further review.

Attachments 1 - Traffic Count Data 2 - Highway Capacity Worksheets

21

ATTACHMENT 1 TRAFFIC COUNT DATA BURNING MAN EIS TRAFFIC STUDY

To: Peter Gower & Holly Prohaska From: Paul Solaegui Date: October 27, 2017 First Draft Re: Burning Man Traffic Data Collection Summary

Tl1e re ults of our traffic data coli ction work i contained in tlli memo. It includes the average daily traffic total for the two count locations. The counter wer installed August 3, 2017 with daily data summaries starting August 4. 2017 through lh Oct b r 20, 2017 completion. The hourly count data coil cted during the time p riod around event, is summarized on separate ummary sheets.

Month I Date I Day Milepost 74 Milepost 1 0 1 Comment

August 4 111 Friday 576 144 August 5th aturday 496 88 August 6 Lh Sunday 505 104 August i 11 Monday 522 136 1 Augu t 8 h Tuesday nla 129 MP74 cut hose August 9th Wednesday n/a 126 MP74 cut hose August 10111 T hw·sday n/a 116 MP74 cut hose August 11 til Friday 580 123 August 1ih Saturday 681 114 August 13th Sunday 659 131 August 141h Monday 518 142 August 15th Tuesday 568 143 Augu t 16th Wednesday 593 140 Augu t 17th Thur day 656 146 August 18th Friday 826 166 1 August 19 h aturday 1,084 172 1 August 20 h Sunday 1,018 177 August 21 51 Monday 1,940 204 11 August 22 d Tue day 2,047 280 August 23rd Wednesday 2,767 392 August 24th Thursday 4,301 621 August 25th Friday 5,551 851 August 26th Saturday 6,679 956 Month I Date I Day Milepost 74 Milepost 10 1 Comment

August 2i11 Sunday 9,327 1,158 August 28Lh Monday 5,801 494 August 29111 Tuesday 4,734 329 August 30th Wedn sday 3,464 339 Fire August 31st Thursday 3,166 820 Fire September I st Friday 2,895 229 11 September 2 d Saturday 4,965 387 September 3rd Sunday 13,246 1,091 September 4111 Monday 13,355 1,579 September 5111 Tue day 5,979 651 September 6111 Wednesday 2,360 n/a MP101 cut hose September i 11 Thursday 1,560 n/a MP101 cut hose September gth Friday 1,045 n/a MP1 01 cut hose September 9111 Saturday 913 110 September 10 1h Sunday 711 111 September 11th Monday 820 102 September 12th Tuesday 856 115 September 13th Wednesday 733 112 September 14th Thursday 708 151 September 15th Friday 690 144 September l61h Saturday 602 120 September l th Sunday 407 112 September 18th Monday 411 100 September 19th Tuesday 379 173 September 20th Wednesday 380 145 September 21 t Thursday 393 178 11 September 22 ct Friday 469 183 September 23rd Saturday 553 175 September 24 111 Sunday 556 163 September 25th Monday 427 187 September 26 111 Tuesday 394 183 September 2i11 W dnesday 349 146 September 28 111 Thursday 341 177 September 29th Friday 338 192 September 3oth Saturday 431 190 October 1st unday 387 192 October 2nd Monday 431 181 October 3rct Tuesday 368 140 October 4th Wednesday 325 200 October 5111 Thursday 336 182 October 6 111 Friday 355 173 October 7th Saturday 348 170 October st11 Sunday 341 151 October 9th Monday 298 182 Month I Date I Day Milepost 74 Milepost 101 Comment

October I Ot11 Tuesday 330 176 October 11th Wednesday 481 167 October 1i 11 Thursday 390 191 Octob r 13thFriday 365 262 1 October 14 h Saturday 657 264 October 15 111 Sunday 528 245 October 16thMonday 490 219 October 17thTuesday 347 216 1 October 18 h Wednesday 391 210 October 19thThursday 374 194 October 20th Friday 308 166

ATTACHMENT 2 HIGHWAY CAPA CITY WORKSHEETS HCS7: Two-Lane Highways Release 7.4

Phone: Fax: E-Mail:

Directional Two-Lane Highway Segment Analysis ------Analyst MSH Agency/Co. Solaegui Engineers Date Performed 3/13/2018 Analysis Time Period Mon. 9/4/17 8-9 AM Highway SR-447 From/To Within Empire Jurisdiction NDOT Analysis Year Existing + 2017 Burning Man Description Northbound

______Input Data______

Highway class Class 3 Peak hour factor, PHF 0.90 9­ Shoulder width 1.0 ft % Trucks and buses 5 0 Lane width 12.0 ft % Trucks crawling 0.0 % Segment length 1.0 mi Truck crawl speed 0.0 mi/hr 9­ Terrain type Level % Recreational vehicles 25 0 0 Grade: Length mi % No-passing zones 100 "0 Up/down % Access point density 12 /mi

Analysis direction volume, Vd 614 veh/ h Opposing direction volume, Vo 19 veh/h

______Average Travel Speed______

Direction Analysis(d) Opposing (o) PCE for trucks, ET 1.1 1.9 PCE for RVs, ER 2.0* 2.0* Heavy-vehicle adj. factor, (note-5) fHV 0.797 0.772 Grade adj. factor, (note-1) fg 1. 00 1. 00 Directional flow rate, (note-2) vi 856 pc/h 27 pc/h

Free-Flow Speed from Field Measurement: Field measured speed, (note-3) S FM mi/h Observed total demand, (note-3) V veh/h Estimated Free-Flow Speed: Base free-flow speed, (note-3) BFFS 45.0 mi/h Adj . for lane and shoulder width, (note-3) fLS 4.2 mi/h Adj. for access point density, (note-3) fA 3.0 mi/h

Free-flow speed, FFSd 37.8 mi/h

Adjustment for no-passing zones, fnp 2.4 mi/h Average travel speed, ATSd 28.5 mi/h 0 Percent Free Flow Speed, PFFS 75.5 "0 ------Percent Time-Spent-Following ------Direction Analysis(d) Opposing (o) PCE for trucks, ET 1.0 1.1 PCE for RVs, ER 1.0 1.0 Heavy-vehicle adjustment factor, fHV 1.000 0.995 Grade adjustment factor, (note-1) fg l. 00 1. 00 Directional flow rate, (note-2) vi 682 pc/h 21 pc/h Base percent time-spent-following, (note-4) BPTSFd 55.1 % Adjustment for no-passing zones, fnp 25.8 llc Percent time-spent- following, PTSFd 80.1 0

------Level of Service and Other Performance Measures ------Level of service, LOS c Volume to capacity ratio, v/c 0.50 Peak 15-min vehicle-miles of travel, VMT15 171 veh-mi Peak-hour vehicle- miles of travel, VMT60 614 veh-mi Peak 15-min total travel time, TT15 6. 0 veh- h Capacity from ATS, CdATS 1700 veh/h Capacity from PTSF, CdPTSF 1700 veh/h Directional Capacity 1700 veh/ h

------Fas sing Lane Analysis______

Total length of analysis segment, Lt 1.0 mi Length of two- lane highway upstream of the passing lane, Lu mi Length of passing lane including tapers, Lpl mi Average travel speed, ATSd (from above) 2 8 .5 mi / h Percent time-spent- following, PTSFd (from above ) 80.1 Level of service, LOSd (from above) c

______Average Travel Speed with Passing Lane

Downstream length of two-lane highway within effective length of passing lane for average travel speed, Lde mi Length of two-lane h i ghway downstream of effective length of the passing lane for average travel speed, Ld mi Adj. factor for the effect of passing lane on average speed, fpl Average travel speed including passing lane, ATSpl Percent free flow speed including passing lane, PFFSpl 0.0 %

______Percent Time-Spent-Following with Passing Lane______

Downstream length of two-lane highway within effective length of passing lane for percent time-spent-following, Lde mi Length of two-lane highway downstream of effective length of the passing lane for percent time- spent-following, Ld mi Adj. factor for the effect of passi ng lane on percent time-spent-following, fpl Percent time-spent- following including passing lane, PTSFpl %

- ---Level of Service and Other Performance Measures with Passing Lane

Level of service including passing lane, LOSpl E Peak 15-min total travel time, TT15 v eh- h

Bicycle Level of Service Posted speed limit, Sp 45 Percent of segment with occupied on-highway parking 0 Pavement rating, P 3 Flow rate in outside lane, vOL 682.2 Effective width of outside lane, We 13.00 Effective speed factor, St 4.42 Bicycle LOS Score, BLOS 6.04 Bicycle LOS F

Notes: 1. Note that the adjustment factor for level terrain is 1.00, as level terrain is one of the base conditions. For the purpose of grade adjustment, specific dewngrade segments are treated as level terrain. 2. If vi (vd or vo ) >= 1,700 pc/h, terminate analysis-the LOS is F. 3. For the analysis direction only and for v>200 veh/h. 4. For the analysis direction only. 5. Use alternative Exhibit 15-14 if some trucks operate at crawl speeds on a specific downgrade.

* These items have been entered or edited to override calculated value HCS7: Two-Lane Highways Release 7.4

Phone: Fax : E-Mail:

Directional Two-Lane Highway Segment Analysis ------Analyst MSH Agency/Co. Solaegui Engineers Date Performed 3/13/2018 Analysis Time Period Mon. 9I 4 I 17 8-9 AM Highway SR-447 From/To Within Empire Jurisdiction NDOT Analysis Year Existing+ 2017 Burning Man Description Southbound

______Input Data

Highway class Class 3 Peak hou r factor, PHF 0.90 0 Shoulder width 1.0 ft % Trucks and buses 5 "6 9­ Lane width 12.0 ft % Trucks crawling 0.0 0 Segment length 1.0 mi Truck crawl speed 0.0 mi/hr 9­ Terrain type Level % Re creational vehicles 2 5 0 0 Grade: Length mi % No-passing zones 100 "6 0 Up/down "6 Access point density 12 /mi

Analysis direction volume, Vd 771 veh/ h Opposing direction volume, Vo 41 veh/h

Average Travel Speed------Direction Analysis(d) Opposing (o) PCE for trucks, ET 1.0 1.9 PCE for RVs, ER 2.0* 2.0* Heavy-vehicle adj. factor, (note-S) fHV 0. 8 00 0.772 Grade adj. factor, (note-1) fg 1. 0 0 l. 00 Directional flow rate, (note- 2) vi 1071 pc/h 59 pc/h

Free-Flow Speed from Field Measurement: Field measured speed, (note-3) S FM mi / h Observed total demand, (note-3) V veh/h Estimated Free-Flow Speed: Base free-flow speed, (note-3) BFFS 45.0 mi/h Adj . for lane and shoulder width, (note-3) fLS 4.2 mi/h Adj. for access point density, (note-3) fA 3.0 mi/h

Free-flow speed, FFSd 37. 8 mi /h

Adjustment for no-passing zones, fnp 2.4 mi / h Average travel speed, ATSd 26.6 mi/h 0 Percent Free Flow Speed, PFFS 70.5 "6 ______Percent Time-Spent-Following_____

Direction Analysis(d) Opposing (o) PCE for trucks, ET 1.0 1.1 PCE for RVs, ER 1.0 1.0 Heavy-vehicle adjustment factor, fHV 1.000 0.995 Grade adjustment factor, (note-1) fg 1. 00 1. 00 Directional flow rate, (note-2) vi 857 pc/h 46 pc/h Base percent time-spent- following, (note-4) BPTSFd 63.2 % Adjustment for no-passing zones, fnp 19.3 g. Percent time-spent-following, PTSFd 81.5 0

------Level of Service and Other Performance Measures ------Level of service, LOS D Volume to capacity ratio, v/c 0.63 Peak 15-min vehicle-miles of travel, VMT15 214 veh-mi Peak-hour vehicle-miles of travel, VMT60 771 veh-mi Peak 15-min total travel time, TT15 8.0 veh-h Capacity from ATS, CdATS 1700 veh/h Capacity from PTSF, CdPTSF 1700 v eh/h Directional Capacity 1700 veh/h

______Passing Lane Analysis

Total length of analysis segment, Lt 1.0 mi Length of two- lane highway upstream of the passing lane, Lu mi Length of passing lane including tapers, Lpl mi Average travel speed, ATSd (from above) 26.6 mi/h Percent time-spent-following, PTSFd (from above) 81.5 Level of service, LOSd (from above) D

______Average Travel Speed with Passing Lane______

Downstream length of two-lane highway within effective length of passing lane for average travel speed, Lde mi Length of two-lane highway downstream of effective length of the passing lane for average travel speed, Ld mi Adj. factor for the effect of passing lane on average speed, fpl Average travel speed including passing lane, ATSpl Percent free flow speed including passing lane, PFFSpl 0.0 %

______Percent Time-Spent-Following with Passing Lane______

Downstream length of two-lane highway within effective length of passing lane for percent time-spent-following, Lde mi Length of two-lane highway downstream of effective length of the passing lane for percent time-spent-following, Ld mi Adj. factor for the effect of passing lane on percent time-spent-following, fpl Percent time-spent- following including passing lane, PTSFpl %

- - - - Level of Service and Other Performance Measures with Passing Lane

Level of service including passing lane, LOSpl E Peak 15-min total travel time, TT15 veh-h

Bicycle Level of Service Posted speed limit, Sp 45 Percent of segment with occupied on-highway parking 0 Pavement rating, P 3 Flow rate in outside lane, vOL 856.7 Effective width of outside lane, We 13.00 Effective speed factor, St 4.42 Bicycle LOS Score, BLOS 6.16 Bicycle LOS F

Notes: 1. Note that the adjustment factor for level terrain is 1.00, as level terrain is one of the base conditions. For the purpose of grade adjustment, specific dewngrade segments are treated as level terrain. 2. If vi (vd or vo ) >= 1,700 pc/h, terminate analysis-the LOS is F. 3. For the analysis direction only and for v>200 veh/h. 4. For the analysis direction only. 5. Use alternative Exhibit 15-14 if some trucks operate at crawl speeds on a specific downgrade.

* These items have been entered or edited to override calculated value HCS7: Two-Lane Highways Release 7.4

Phone: Fax: E- Mail:

------Directional Two - Lane Highway Segment Analysis ------Analyst MSH Agency/Co. Solaegui Engineers Date Performed 3/13/2018 Analysis Time Period Mon. 9I 4I 17 8- 9 AM Highway SR-447 From/To Within Empire Jurisdiction NDOT Analysis Year Existing + Future Burning Man Description Northbound ______Input Data______

Highway class Class 3 Peak hour factor, PHF 0.90 g. Shoulder width 1.0 ft % Trucks and buses 5 0 Lane width 12.0 ft % Trucks crawling 0.0 -o0 Segment length 1.0 mi Truck crawl speed 0.0 mi/hr Terrain type Level % Recreational vehicles 25 -o0 g. Grade: Length mi % No-passing zones 100 0 Up/down % Access point density 12 /mi

Analysis direction volume, Vd 770 veh/h Opposing direction volume, Vo 25 veh/h

------Average Travel Speed Direction Analysis(d) Opposing (o) PCE for trucks, ET 1.0 1.9 PCE for RVs, ER 2.0* 2.0* Heavy-vehicle adj. factor, (note-5) fHV 0.800 0.772 Grade adj. factor, (note- 1) fg 1. 00 1. 00 Directional flow rate, (note- 2) vi 1069 pc/h 3 6 pc/h

Free-Flow Speed from Field Measurement: Field measured speed, (note-3) S FM mi/h Observed total demand, (note-3) V veh/h Estimated Free- Flow Speed: Base free-flow speed, (note- 3) BFFS 45.0 mi/h Adj. for lane and shoulder width, (note-3) fLS 4. 2 mi / h Adj. for access point density, (note-3) fA 3.0 mi/h

Free-flow speed, FFSd 37.8 mi/h

Adjustment for no-passing zones, fnp 2.4 mi/h Average travel speed, ATSd 26 . 8 mi/h Percent Free Flow Speed, PFFS 71.0 % ------Percent Time-Spent- Following------Direction Analysis(d) Opposing (o) PCE for trucks, ET 1.0 1.1 PCE for RVs, ER 1.0 1.0 Heavy-vehicle adjustment factor, fHV 1.000 0.995 Grade adjustment factor, (note-1) fg 1. 00 1. 00 Directional flow rate, (note-2) vi 856 pc/h 28 pc/h Base percent time-spent- following, (note- 4) BPTSFd 63.2 % Adjustment for no- passing zones, fnp 19.6 Percent time-spent-following, PTSFd 82.2

Level of Service and Other Performance Measures ------Level of service, LOS D Volume to capacity ratio, v/c 0.63 Peak 15-min vehicle- miles of travel, VMT15 214 veh-mi Peak-hour vehicle-miles of travel, VMT60 770 veh- mi Peak 15-min total travel time, TT15 8.0 veh- h Capacity from ATS, CdATS 1700 veh/h Capacity from PTSF, CdPTSF 1700 veh/h Directional Capacity 1700 veh/h

------Passing Lane Ana1 y sis______

Total length of analysis segment, Lt 1.0 mi Length of two-lane highway upstream of the passing lane, Lu mi Length of passing lane including tapers, Lpl mi Average travel speed, ATSd (from above) 2 6. 8 mi/h Percent time- spent-following, PTSFd (from above) 82.2 Level of service, LOSd (from above) 0

------Average Travel Speed with Passing Lane Downstream length of two-lane highway within effective length of passing lane for average travel speed, Lde mi Length of two-lane highway downstream of effective length of the passing lane for average travel speed, Ld mi Adj. factor for the effect of passing lane on average speed, fpl Average travel speed including passing lane, ATSpl Percent free flow speed including passing lane, PFFSpl 0.0 %

------Percent Time-Spent-Following with Passing Lane ------Downstream length of two-lane highway within effective length of passing lane for percent time-spent-following, Lde mi Length of two- lane highway downstream of effective length of the passing lane for percent time-spent-following, Ld mi Adj. factor for the effect of passing lane on percent time-spent-following, fpl Percent time-spent- following including passing lane, PTSFpl %

______Level of Service and Other Performance Measures with Passing Lane

Level of service including passing lane, LOSpl E Peak 15- min total travel time, TT15 veh-h

Bicycle Level of Service Posted speed limit, Sp 45 Percent of segment with occupied on-highway parking 0 Pavement rating, P 3 Flow rate in outside lane, vOL 855.6 Effective width of outside lane, We 13.00 Effective speed factor, St 4.42 Bicycle LOS Score, BLOS 6.16 Bicycle LOS F

Notes: 1. Note that the adjustment factor for level terrain is 1.00, as level terrain is one of the base conditions. For the purpose of grade adjustment, specific dewngrade segments are treated as level terrain. 2. If vi (vd or vo ) >= 1,700 pc/h, terminate analysis - the LOS is F. 3. For the analysis direction only and for v>200 veh/h. 4. For the analysis direction only. 5. Use alternative Exhibit 15-14 if some trucks operate at crawl speeds on a specific downgrade.

* These items have been entered or edited to override calculated value HCS7: Two-Lane Highways Release 7.4

Phone: Fax: E-Mail:

------Directional Two-Lane Highway Segment Analysis Analyst MSH Agency/Co. Solaegui Engineers Date Performed 3/13/2018 Analysis Time Period Mon. 9I 4 /1 7 8- 9 AM Highway SR-447 From/To Within Empire Jurisdiction NDOT Analysis Year Existing + Future Burning Man Description Southbound

______Input Data______

Highway class Class 3 Peak hour factor, PHF 0.90 g. Shoulder width 1.0 ft % Trucks and buses 5 0 g. Lane width 12.0 ft % Trucks crawling 0.0 0 Segment length 1.0 mi Truck crawl speed 0.0 mi/hr Terrain type Level % Recreational vehicles 25 % Grade: Length mi % No-passing zones 100 % Up/down % Access point density 12 /mi

Analysis direction volume, Vd 960 veh/h Opposing direction volume, Vo 50 veh/h

______Average Travel Speed

Direction Analysis(d) Opposing (o) PCE for trucks, ET 1.0 1.9 PCE for RVs, ER 2.0* 2.0* Heavy-vehicle adj . factor, (note- 5) fHV 0.800 0.772 Grade adj. factor, (note-1) fg 1. 00 1. 00 Directional flow rate, (note-2) vi 1333 pc/h 72 pc/h

Free-Flow Speed from Field Measurement: Field measured speed, (note-3) S FM mi / h Observed total demand, (note- 3) V veh/h Estimated Free- Flow Speed: Base free-flow speed, (note-3) BFFS 45.0 mi/h Adj. for lane and shoulder width, (note-3) fLS 4. 2 mi / h Adj. for access point density, (note-3) fA 3.0 mi/h

Free-flow speed, FFSd 37.8 mi/h

Adjustment for no- passing zones, fnp 2.4 mi/h Average travel speed, ATSd 24.5 mi/h g. Percent Free Flow Speed, PFFS 64.8 0 - - --- Percent Time-Spent-Following Direction Analysis(d) Opposing (o) PCE for trucks, ET 1.0 1.1 PCE for RVs, ER 1.0 1.0 Heavy-vehicle adjustment factor, fHV 1.000 0.995 Grade adjustment factor, (note- 1) fg 1. 00 1. 00 Directional flow rate, (note-2) vi 1067 pc/h 56 pc/h Base percent time-spent-following, (note-4) BPTSFd 71.0 % Adjustment for no- passing zones, fnp 16.0 Percent time-spent-following, PTSFd 86.2 %

Level of Service and Other Performance Measures ------·------­ Level of service, LOS E Volume to capacity ratio, v/c 0.78 Peak 15-min vehicle-miles of travel, VMT15 2 67 veh-mi Peak- hour vehicle-miles of travel, VMT60 960 veh-mi Peak 15-min total travel time, TT15 10.9 veh-h Capacity from ATS, CdATS 1700 veh/h Capacity from PTSF, CdPTSF 1700 veh/h Directional Capacity 1700 veh/h

------Passing Lane Ana1 y sis______

Total length of analysis segment, Lt 1.0 mi Length of two-lane highway upstream of the passing lane, Lu mi Length of passing lane including tapers, Lpl mi Average travel speed, ATSd (from above) 24.5 mi/h Percent time-spent- following, PTSFd (from above) 86.2 Level of service, LOSd (from above) E

______Average Trave1 Speed with Passing Lane______

Downstream length of two-lane highway within effective length of passing lane for average travel speed, Lde mi Length of two- lane highway downstream of effective length of the passing lane for average travel speed, Ld mi Adj. factor for the effect of passing lane on average speed, fpl Average travel speed including passing lane, ATSpl Percent free flow speed including passing lane, PFFSpl 0.0 %

______Percent Time-Spent-Following with Passing Lane______

Downstream length of two-lane highway within effective length of passing lane for percent time-spent- following, Lde mi Length of two- lane highway downstream of effective length of the passing lane for percent time-spent-following, Ld mi Adj. factor for the effect of passing lane on percent time-spent- following, fpl Percent time-spent-following including passing lane, PTSFpl 0·o

----Level of Service and Other Performance Measures with Passing Lane

Level of service including passing lane, LOSpl E Peak 15-min total travel time, TT15 veh- h

Bicycle Level of Service Posted speed limit, Sp 45 Percent of segment with occupied on-highway parking 0 Pavement rating, P 3 Flow rate in outside lane, vOL 1066.7 Effective width of outside lane, We 13.00 Effective speed factor, St 4.42 Bicycle LOS Score, BLOS 6.27 Bicycle LOS F

Notes: 1. Note that the adjustment factor for level terrain is 1.00, as level terrain is one of the base conditions. For the purpose of grade adjustment, specific dewngrade segments are treated as level terrain. 2. If vi (vd or vo ) >= 1,700 pc/h, terminate analysis-the LOS is F. 3. For the analysis direction only and for v>200 veh/h. 4. For the analysis direction only. 5. Use alternative Exhibit 15-14 if some trucks operate at crawl speeds on a specific downgrade.

* These items have been entered or edited to override calculated value