Malassezia (Pityriasis) Furfur

Organism Disease Morphology Culture Diagnosis Transmission Pathogenesis Other Malassezia (Pityriasis) furfurTinea Versicolor Requires Fatty Acids (Olive Oil)KOH Preparation – Direct ExaminationSkin discolorationSpaghetti & Meatballs Microsporum audiuiniiMicrosporosis Salmon ColorDirect Examination & CultureAnthrophophilicHair & Skin Fluoresces under BlacklightMicrosporum canisMicrosporosis Mostly Canoe Shaped(pointy) thick rough walled segmented Macroconicia few small smooth micro conidia/Yellow ColorDirect Examination & CultureZoophilicHair & Skin  inflammatoryMicrosporum gypseum Microsporosis Row Boat(rounded ends) thick rough walled segmented conidia/Tan Color/ granularDirect Examination & CultureGeophilicHair & SkinTrichophyton mentagrophytesTrichophytosis Mostly microconidia some small Canoe Shaped smooth wall macroconidica/Many microconidiaDirect Examination & CultureOften ZoophilicChronic Nails,Hair & SkinProduce UreaseTrichophyton rubrumTrichophytosis Mostly Alternating Tear Shaped microconidia some macroconidia/Red Color (especially bottom of colony)Direct Examination & CultureAnthrophophilicHair, Skin & NailsChronic DiseaseTrichophyton tonsuransTrichophytosis Small Balloon & Club ShapedWhite ColorDirect Examination & CultureAnthrophophilicPrimarily Hair – also Skin & NailsTrichophyton verrucosumTrichophytosis Mostly ChlamydosporesWhite ColorDirect Examination & CultureZoophilicPrimarily Hair & Skin - Also NailsEpidermophyton floccsumEpidermophytosis Large Club Shaped segmented conidia No MicroconidiaTan-Olive Drab ColorDirect Examination & CultureAnthrophophilicPrimarily Skin – Rarely NailsCladosporium Chromoblastomycosis SeptateDarkly Pigmented (Brown) Molds(dematiaceous)Culture & HistopathologyGeophilicGranulomatousSclerotic BodiesWangiella dermatitidisPhaeohyphomycosis PleomorphicDarkly Pigmented MoldsDirect ExaminationGeophilicAbscess FormationWorldwideSporothrix schenckiiSporotrichosis Dimorphic (M@30/Y@37)Dirty Grey to Black Mold(older darker)Culture & HistopathologyGeophilicGranulomas & PurulentCommon in Peat Moss Lesions Spread along lymphatics possible pulmonary and disseminated (fungemia) Cigar Shaped Yeast(4-6micrometer) Flowerette(daisy head) Conidia/Septate Subcutaneous N27, mm38, lm9-11 NO Verrucous Lesions Septate Subcutaneous Exophiala jeanselmei Cladosporium Bipolaris Dreschlera(N24, lm9-11) In tropics & subtopics Non painful Verrucous Lesions Often with 2º Infections Slow Growing Subcutaneous Fonsecae Phialophora N24, mm18, lm9-10 Inflammatory Jock Itch Usually Adults Felt Like Septate hyphae Cutaneous N23, mm56, 9-5 Inflammatory Severe Lesions Few Conidia Grows well @ 37º Felt Like to waxy Macro & Micro Conidia Septate Hyphae Cutaneous Mm72 “Black Dots” in hair Felt Like w/ radiating folds Macro & Micro Conidia Septate hyphae cutaneous Mm70, lm9-8 Hard to Treat Floccose Delicate Septate hyphae

cutaneous N23, mm66, lm 9-9 Athletes Foot Inflammatory Organism Disease Morphology Culture Diagnosis Transmission Pathogenesis Other Histoplasma capsulatumHistoplasmosisDimorphic(M@30/Y@37)White to Tan MacroconidiaGeophilic primary pulmonaryBenign to Disseminated (skin, prostate, bone, and fungemia)Bird/bat DroppingsBlastomyces dermatitidisBlastomycosisDimorphic(M@30/Y@37)White DNA Probe or Yeastprimary pulmonarySuppurative to Granulomatous (fungemia)Cross Reactive with HistoCoccidiodes immitisCoccidiomycosisDimorphic(M@30/Y@37)White to TanComplement Fixationprimary pulmonarySuppurative to GranulomatousSkin Reaction to CoccidiodinCryptococcus neoformansCryptococcosisYeast Only White to PinkMucicarmine – stains capsule redGeophilicCNS – meningitis & encephalitisAssociated with bird droppings and Eucalyptis treeesCandidaCandidiasisYeast OnlyFast growthPseudohyphaeVaginitis & Oral are commonTx w/ amphotericin, fluconazole, or echinocandinsAspergillusAspergillosisMold OnlyGrows Quickly (light to dark green with age)Direct ExaminationAllergicAflatoxin r/t hepatic CancerZygomycetesZygomycosisNon Septate Hyphae/ Grows QuicklyDirect Examination (non-septate)RhinocerebralCan fill and follow path of blood vessels Pulmonary GI Disseminated (not common) Doesn’t grow with cyclohexamide ribbon like growth in Tissue Sporangiophores Opportunistic (Mucor, Rhizopus, Absidia) N39, mm84&87, lm9-18 Bronchopulmonary Fungus Ball Invasive Rhinofacial Cerebral Immunodiffusion Complement Fixation Immunofluoresence (galactomannans) “Fan” shaped Conidia made of phialides w/ chains of conidia Septate Opportunistic Fumigatus, Flavus, Niger, Terreus N38, mm10&78, lm9-17 Inflammation and Hyphal invasion Systemic Cutaneous Subcutaneous Allergic Latex Agglutination KOH+CCwhite Pseudohyphae(except Glabrata) Opportunistic N337, mm16, lm9-16 Pulmonary Disseminated(bone, joint, renal, skin, Fungemia, eye) Latex agglutination KOH India ink Yeast with Capsule mucoid or dry colony Narrow bud base CAPSULE Systemic N35, mm22, lm9-16 Spherules Disseminated joints and skin Southwest desert soil Immunodiffusion KOH+CCwhite Fluffy Environmental Arthroconidia environment(bracelet like)/ tissue Spherule with endospores /Septate “Valley Fever” systemic

N31, mm20, lm9-15 Complement Fixation Immunodiffusion KOH+CCwhite Floccose Large yeast – wide bud base Slender Variale length Conidiophores Septate Systemic

N30,mm12, lm9-14 Agglutinateion (acute) Precipitation Complement Fixation Immunofluorescence (dissemination) Floccose