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The Balkhi School of Geographers
5 · The BalkhI School of Geographers GERALD R. TIBBETTS WORKS OF THE BALKHI SCHOOL 934), a scholar whose background, though not his geo graphical work, was well known in the Arab literary The earliest set of maps to survive from the corpus of milieu.6 Since he was the earliest of these authors and Islamic cartography are those that accompany the text the other authors admit they are indebted to him, this ~urat Kitab al-ar4(Picture of the earth) of Abu al-Qasim group has been referred to by European scholars as the Mubammad ibn Hawqal in the manuscript dated 479/ BalkhI school of geographers.7 1086, found in the Topkapl Sarayi Miizesi Kiitiiphanesi in Istanbul.1 Similar sets of maps occur in other manu scripts in Istanbul and in several well-known manuscripts in European libraries. The next in age is that from the 1. No. 6527 in Fehmi Edhem Karatay, Topkapt Sarayt Muzesi Kutu Forschungsbibliothek in Gotha, dated 569/1173.2 This phanesi: Arap~a Yazmalar Katalogu, 3 vols. (Istanbul: Topkapi Sarayl Miizesi, 1962-66), 3:581. Its shelf number, quoted by J. H. Kramers et manuscript, known as MS. Ar. 1521, contains a text of aI., is A. 3346. Other Topkapl Sarayl Miizesi manuscripts with maps Kitab al-masalik wa-al-mamalik (Book of routes and are A. 3012 (6523), A. 3347 (6528), A. 3348 (6525), and A. 2830 (6524); provinces) of Abu Isbaq IbrahIm ibn Mu1}ammad al-FarisI see 3:580-81. al-l~takhrI, and because it was published in facsimile by 2. -
The Socioeconomics of State Formation in Medieval Afghanistan
The Socioeconomics of State Formation in Medieval Afghanistan George Fiske Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2012 © 2012 George Fiske All rights reserved ABSTRACT The Socioeconomics of State Formation in Medieval Afghanistan George Fiske This study examines the socioeconomics of state formation in medieval Afghanistan in historical and historiographic terms. It outlines the thousand year history of Ghaznavid historiography by treating primary and secondary sources as a continuum of perspectives, demonstrating the persistent problems of dynastic and political thinking across periods and cultures. It conceptualizes the geography of Ghaznavid origins by framing their rise within specific landscapes and histories of state formation, favoring time over space as much as possible and reintegrating their experience with the general histories of Iran, Central Asia, and India. Once the grand narrative is illustrated, the scope narrows to the dual process of monetization and urbanization in Samanid territory in order to approach Ghaznavid obstacles to state formation. The socioeconomic narrative then shifts to political and military specifics to demythologize the rise of the Ghaznavids in terms of the framing contexts described in the previous chapters. Finally, the study specifies the exact combination of culture and history which the Ghaznavids exemplified to show their particular and universal character and suggest future paths for research. The Socioeconomics of State Formation in Medieval Afghanistan I. General Introduction II. Perspectives on the Ghaznavid Age History of the literature Entrance into western European discourse Reevaluations of the last century Historiographic rethinking Synopsis III. -
Hussain Ali Tahtooh
3=;;5?3819 ?591A8=<@ 25AC55< A75 1?12 C=?94 1<4 8<481 !)?4 1<4 *A7%.A7 1<4 '&A7 35<AB?85@" 7VTTDLP 1NL ADKUQQK 1 AKHTLT @VEOLUUHG IQS UKH 4HJSHH QI >K4 DU UKH BPLWHSTLUZ QI @U$ 1PGSHXT '.-, 6VNN OHUDGDUD IQS UKLT LUHO LT DWDLNDENH LP ?HTHDSFK0@U1PGSHXT/6VNNAHYU DU/ KUUR/%%SHTHDSFK#SHRQTLUQSZ$TU#DPGSHXT$DF$VM% >NHDTH VTH UKLT LGHPULILHS UQ FLUH QS NLPM UQ UKLT LUHO/ KUUR/%%KGN$KDPGNH$PHU%'&&()%(.++ AKLT LUHO LT RSQUHFUHG EZ QSLJLPDN FQRZSLJKU COMMII' hAl1 J1:IATroNH 1IITWEJN THE ARAB WORLD AND INDIA (.IRI) AN]) 4Th / 9111 AND 10TH CENTURIES) By ' Hussahi All. Tahtooh fl.I., Baghdad M.A., Mosul A llIofll!3 nulitnitted fo! the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy In the lJiilveislty of St. Andrews. • AiiIro'n December 1986. AI3STRACT 1:1,13 t)IeIlent woik Is mainly concerned with the commercial relations I)etweon the Arab world and India In the 3rd and 4th / 9th and 10th centurIes. The thesis consists of an Introduction and five chapters. The lntwdiictloit contains a brief survey of the historical background to the A,iih-Iiidkin trade links In the period prior to the period of the research. lt also Includes the reasons for choosing the subject, and the t1I[ficiiltles with which the research was faced. The intro(1(I(II Iin niso conta his the methods of the research and a study of the ma lit S ( 3LIt (iCS (1iipter One deals with the Arab provinces, the main kingdoms of India, Iho political situation in the Arab world and India, and its effecis iiii the Enhliject. -
Palestine Under the Moslems, a Description of Syria and the Holy
Reproduced from the Library of the Editor of www.theSamaritanUpdate.com Copyright 2011 PALESTINE UNDER THE MOSLEMS A DESCRIPTION OF SYRIA AND THE HOLY LAND FROM A.D. 650 TO 1500 Translated From The Works of THE MEDLEVEL ARAB GEOGRAPHERS BY GUY LE STRANGE. WITH MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS Boston and New York: Houghton, Mifflin and Company, The Riverside Press, Cambridge. 1890 P.511…….. NABULUS (NEAPOLIS, SHECHEM).—“An ancient city in Palestine. Near by to it are two sacred mountains. Under the town is an underground city hollowed out in the ∗ rocks. Its inhabitants are Arabs, foreigners (‘Ajam), and Samaritans.” (Yb., 116, writing in A.D. 891.) “Nabulus,” says Istakhri, “is the city of the Samaritans who assert that the Holy City is Nabulus (and not Jerusalem). The Samaritans possess no other city elsewhere in the world; and the people of Jerusalem say that no Samaritans exist elsewhere han here, on the whole face of the earth.” (Is., 58; I.H., 113.) “Nabulus,” writes Mukaddasi, “lies among mountains. It abounds in olive-trees, and they even name it the ‘Little Damascus.’ The town, situated in the valley, is shut in on either hand by the two mountains (of Ebal and Gerizim). Its market-place extends from gate to gate, and a second market goes to the centre of the town. The Great Mosque is in its midst, and is very finely paved. The city has through it a stream of running water; its houses are built of stone, and some remarkable mills are to be seen here.” (Muk., 174.) “Nablus,” reports Idrisl, “is the city of the Samaritans. -
UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA, IRVINE Narrative and Iranian
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, IRVINE Narrative and Iranian Identity in the New Persian Renaissance and the Later Perso-Islamicate World DISSERTATION submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in History by Conrad Justin Harter Dissertation Committee: Professor Touraj Daryaee, Chair Professor Mark Andrew LeVine Professor Emeritus James Buchanan Given 2016 © 2016 Conrad Justin Harter DEDICATION To my friends and family, and most importantly, my wife Pamela ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF FIGURES iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS v CURRICULUM VITAE vi ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION vii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 2: Persian Histories in the 9th-12th Centuries CE 47 CHAPTER 3: Universal History, Geography, and Literature 100 CHAPTER 4: Ideological Aims and Regime Legitimation 145 CHAPTER 5: Use of Shahnama Throughout Time and Space 192 BIBLIOGRAPHY 240 iii LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 1 Map of Central Asia 5 iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my gratitude to all of the people who have made this possible, to those who have provided guidance both academic and personal, and to all those who have mentored me thus far in so many different ways. I would like to thank my advisor and dissertation chair, Professor Touraj Daryaee, for providing me with not only a place to study the Shahnama and Persianate culture and history at UC Irvine, but also with invaluable guidance while I was there. I would like to thank my other committee members, Professor Mark LeVine and Professor Emeritus James Given, for willing to sit on my committee and to read an entire dissertation focused on the history and literature of medieval Iran and Central Asia, even though their own interests and decades of academic research lay elsewhere. -
Baghdad and Silk Route a Study on the Commercial Function of the City of Baghdad in the Middle Ages. By: Dr. Sabah Mohammad Dean
Baghdad and Silk Route A study on the commercial function of the city of Baghdad in the middle ages. By: Dr. Sabah Mohammad Dean of the college of Education Al-Mustanseriya University. Introduction This research deals with the commercial importance of Baghdad in the Middle Ages and its important role, as the capital of the Islamic state, in international trade within its region and the Islamic world, and between east and south-east Asia, the Mediterranean Sea and Western Europe, as well as between all these areas and eastern Africa. Baghdad was an important center through which international trade routes passed including the silk route. Baghdad’s importance emerged as its commercial hinter land had extended to reach China, Indonesia and Japan in the east and to reach Scandinavia and the British Isles in the west. Moreover, Baghdad’s markets were full of goods from all over the world. Baghdad was also the center of interest of merchants from the east and the west as well. The commercial factor and its effect in choosing Baghdad’s situation: The commercial element had played an important role in selecting the situation of the city of Baghdad to be a capital for the Islamic stat in the Abbaside era. Baghdad is situated in the center of Iraq at an equal distance between Basrah and Mosul. Its geographical position, in the middle between the northern and southern areas, made Baghdad a market for various products and goods which came from both the north and south of Iraq. Moreover, Baghdad situated on the routes of trade and caravans since it is found on the road of Basrah, Baghdad, Mosul, Diar Bakr and Anatolia and on the road of Sham, Iraq and the Arab gulf. -
Abu Al-Qasim Muhammad Ibn Hawqal DESCRIPTI
World Map of Ibn Hawqal #213 TITLE: World Map of Ibn Hawqal DATE: 980 A.D. AUTHOR: Abu al-Qasim Muhammad ibn Hawqal DESCRIPTION: The earliest set of maps to survive from the corpus of Islamic cartography are those that accompany the text Kitab surat al-ard [Picture of the Earth] of Abu al-Qasim Muhammad ibn Hawqal [Haukal] in the manuscript dated 1086, found in the Topkapi Sarayi Müzesi Kütüphanesi in Istanbul. Ibn Hawqal’s life has come down to us in considerable detail mainly because he was more open about himself in his book. He was born in Nisibis in Upper Mesopotamia and spent much of his life traveling, setting out on 15 May 943 and continuing on and off until 973, when he last appears in Sicily. Between these dates he covered most of Islamic Africa and large areas of Persia and Turkestan. It is possible that he acted as a trader on his travels, since his work is full of facts relating to economic activity. That he extols the Fatimid religious policy may mean he was a da‘i or missionary of that sect, and this would be another reason for his moving constantly from place to place. Apart from a short work on Sicily, he is known only for his one geography book, Kitab surat al-ard, also known as the Kitab al-masalik wa- al-mamalik. The main difference between the work of Ibn Hawqal and that of al-Istakhri (#211) is in the former’s discussion of the western (formerly Byzantine) part of Islam. -
University Microfilms International 300 N
URBAN NETWORKS IN EASTERN 'ABBASID LANDS: AN HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY OF SETTLEMENT IN MESOPOTAMIA AND PERSIA, NINTH- AND TENTH-CENTURY A.D. Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors El-Babour, Mansour Muhammad Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 24/09/2021 11:34:49 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/290561 INFORMATION TO USERS This was produced from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure you of complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark it is an indication that the film inspector noticed either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, or duplicate copy. Unless we meant to delete copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed, you will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. -
ABD AL-HAMID AL-KATIB Jaser Khalil Salem
UMAYYAD EPISTOLOGRAPHY, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE COMPOSITIONS ASCRIBED TO <ABD AL-HAMID AL-KATIB Jaser Khalil Salem Abu Safieh Ph.D. Dissertation School of Oriental and African Studies 1982 ProQuest Number: 10731480 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10731480 Published by ProQuest LLC(2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 ABSTRACT The object of this study, an analysis of Umayyad epistolography and chancery practice, is characterised by the more general problem of source material for the first century of Islamic history. The sources may be grouped as follows: (a) papyri; (b) inshia* balaqha, and adab; (c) history, biography, and geography; (d) hadith, fiqh, and haeresiography. My approach to the problem delineated here will be set out in three chapters: (1) An examination of the Umayyad chancery: its struc ture, its adaptation to Arabic, and its technical development (2) A critical analysis of specimen letters reported to have been composed during the Umayyad period. (3) A study of the compositions ascribed to the domi nant figure of *Abd al-Hamid al-Katib, traditionally acknow ledged as the major factor in the development of the Umayyad chancery. -
Iranian Influence on Moslem Literature, Part I
Iranian Influence on Moslem Literature, Part I M. Inostranzev The Project Gutenberg eBook, Iranian Influence on Moslem Literature, Part I, by M. Inostranzev, et al, Translated by G. K. Nariman This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net Title: Iranian Influence on Moslem Literature, Part I Author: M. Inostranzev Release Date: July 16, 2004 [eBook #12918] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-646-US (US-ASCII) ***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK IRANIAN INFLUENCE ON MOSLEM LITERATURE, PART I*** E-text prepared by Larry Bergey and Project Gutenberg Distributed Proofreaders Transcriber's note: The spelling inconsistencies of the original have been retained in this e-text. IRANIAN INFLUENCE ON MOSLEM LITERATURE, PART I by M. INOSTRANZEV TRANSLATED FROM THE RUSSIAN, WITH SUPPLEMENTARY APPENDICES FROM ARABIC SOURCES BY G. K. NARIMAN 1918 Livros Grátis http://www.livrosgratis.com.br Milhares de livros grátis para download. GENERAL CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. Arabic Writers as Sources of Sasanian Culture 3 CHAPTER II. Parsi Clergy Preserve Tradition 25 CHAPTER III. Ethico-didactic Books of Arabs Exclusively of Iranian Origin 38 CHAPTER IV. Iranian Components of Arabic _Adab_ Literature 53 CHAPTER V. Pahlavi Books Studied by Arab Authors 65 CHAPTER VI. Arab Translators from Pahlavi 76 CHAPTER VII. Pahlavi Rushnar Nameh 89 APPENDICES (By the Translator). APPENDIX I. Independent Zoroastrian Princes of Tabaristan after Arab Conquest 93 APPENDIX II. -
CAUCASICA IV I. Sahl Ibn-Sunbat of Shakkl and Arran II. the Caucasian
CAUCASICA IV I. Sahl ibn-Sunbat of Shakkl and Arran II. The Caucasian Vassals of Marzuban in 344/955 BY V. MINORSKY Professor Emeritus in the University of London, Corr. Fellow British Academy, Hon. Fellow School of Oriental Studies, Membre Honoraire de la Soc. Asiatique, Doctor honoris causa (University of Brussels). (Reprinted from the BSOAS., 1953, xv/3.) Caucasica IV By V. MlNORSKY THE territory of the present-day Soviet republic of Azarbayjan roughly corresponds to the ancient Caucasian Albania (in Armenian Alovan-V, or Alvan-k', in Arabic Arrdn > al-Rari). Twenty-six languages were spoken in Albania and it had its own kings (Strabo, xi, 4). However, during the seven centuries between Pompey's expedition in 66-5 B.C., to which we owe most of our information on the ancient life of the country, and the Arab invasion in the 7th century a.d., great changes had taken place in the area, under the influence of the Persian expansion up to the Caucasian passes, the Khazar and Alan inroads from the north, and the Armenian cultural activities which resulted in the conversion of the surviving Albanians to the Armenian form of Christianity. The Arab geographers refer to the Arranian language as still spoken in the neighbourhood of Barda'a (Persian : Perdz-dbddh, Armenian Partav), but now only the two villages inhabited by the Udi 1 are considered as the direct con- tinuators of the Albanian linguistic tradition. Our object being the study of the conditions in the 9th-10th centuries, we are not concerned with the further great changes brought about by the invasion of the Turkish Oghuz in the 11th century and the subsequent Turkicization of the area. -
DESCRIPTION of HIND and SIND As Given by AL-ISTA^R , IBN MUQAL
DESCRIPTION OF HIND AND SIND as given by AL-ISTA^r , IBN MUQAL & AL-MAQDISI Translated and annotated by Thesis for M. A. in Islamic Studies Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh May 1960i T740 ri^o CONTENTS INTROD¥GTION . ym AL-ISTAKHRf . 21 IBN HAUQAL 22-45 AL-MAQDISI 46-69 BIBLIOGRAPHY 70-73 INTRO D TJCTIONV INTRODUCTION The Arabic geograpiiioal accounts written in the Middle Ages contain considerable amount of rich material on various aspects of India of that jDeriod. These accounts are of great historical value and in many cases have the value of original sources on Indian history, geography and culture, etc. Many of the original Arabic works that contain such accounts have been edited and published^ and have also been rendered into English and other European languages. In the following pages I have presented English translations of the accounts of Sind as given by al-Istakhri, Ibn Hauqal and al-MaqdisI. The translations of Elliot and 2 Dowson and of Banking and Azoo, of the text of these authors dealing with Sind have a value of their own^as they 1. M.J. De Goeje published a number of texts of Arab geographical accounts in the series Bibliotheca Geographorum Arabicorum. which were published from Leiden, 2. Elliot and Dowson, The History of India as told by its own Historians. London, 1867,_pp.^26-41; G.S.A. Ranking and R.E, Azoo, Ahsanu-t-TaqSsim fl Ma^ifat-l-Aaalim. Calcutta, 1897. 2 vols. ii. were the first English translations. But they do not repre- sent the complete texta of these authors and were based on earlier editions or manuscripts.