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The nwsae EWS AAM protests at new wave of detentions Release all Souti 10yearsofUDI RALLY SUNDAY NOVEMBER 9 Assemble: 2.30 pm Charing Cross Embankment March to TRAFALGAR SQUARE The Anti-Aparthteid Movement is oranising this raHf as a massive demonstration of solidarity with the struggling people of Zimbabwe in thei'r fight to overthnrow racism~ and fascism. SUPPORT THE ZIMBABWE LIBERATION STRUGGLE STOP ALL HANGINGS IN ZIMBA13WE IWAJORIFTYRULE NOW 3Sters, stickers and leaflets available om AAM. . sti-Apartheid Movement, 89 Charlotte St., London WIP 2DQ Zimbabwe ence will be chaire I- idymus Mutasa and Audrey Wise gaol- Mp. Working groups will discuss reid African resistance to oppression, the ia effects of sanctions on the Rhodesian The economy, labour condios and political persecution, a Mostoftheseconddayofthe aml c onference will be spent discussing what can be done in Britain to ... support those struggling for majority role in Zimbabwe. Al I nterested organisations and indi,ton- \iduals are urged to attend. Further details: Anti-Apartheid ~t- Movement, 89 Charlotte St., )f London W-1.01 -580 5311. -9-ol ann uume. Nis1 eyewitness account of how the people of Guinea Bissau are building a new life, page 9 nd investment in SA call by TUC IN September thle 1975 Trades Union Congress passed a mnotion calling for a withdrawal of British investmene from South Africa BILL KENDALL, General Secretary of CPSA, writes in support of the reslution, page 4 I0 years since UDI IT IS now ten yearssince the white minorityregime in Rhodesia d clared UDI . ANTIAPARTHEID NEWS looks at the Rhodesian economy after a decade, 'page 8.

'>2 Britain Surrey SURREY Anti-Apartheid Movement is continuing to campaign on a number of issues, following its campaigns on adverts for holidays and jobs in South Afria* A recent press release calls ona 11local residents with relations in Southern Africa to put pressure on those relatives to get theilgovernments to have the Zimbabwe constitutional talks restarted. Cinemas throughout the country were leafletted when they showed the Wilbsi Conspiracy ,and AA NEWS sold, G C o David White, GLC Councillor for Croydon Central, has taken up with the GLC the fac that they supply South African goods for use in school canteens, ard is also helping in the campaign to get theGLC to disinvest in South Africa and companies with substantial subsiduaries there. The recent Surrey AAM AGM ,passed a resolution calling for the Race Relations legislation to include penalties for all those inciting race hatred, ty means of printing or speech, without the need to prove intent. This follows its ealier attempts en have Enoch Powell prosecuted for his racist speech at Croydon. Two public meetings have been arranged: Guildford (Labour Hall, 7 Martyr road) on October 8 at S 7.30pm, entitled"'Southern Africa Apartheid Exploitation" at which "Last Grave at Dlmbaza" will be shown. And orn October 22 in Croydon (Ruskcin House, Coombe road) at 8pmn entitled "Southern Africa - Whose Power?" At both the speaker will he John AAM-NUS THFE AAM-NUS network of student activists on Southern Africa will hold its,firht meeting of the new academic year on Saturday September 27 at 2 pm at the Uniersity of London Union. The. meeting will draw up plans for action in the coming term. All " tudents interested in campaigning on Southern Afrca are welcome. The student boycqtt of Barcla s Bank will be a priority for the first few weeks of term and a new panmphlet on Barclays' Southern African operations will soon he availablc. Briefing documents have been produced on freshers' week activities, on solidarity work and on campaigns to end collaboration with racism in Southern Africa. A report of the NUS-AAM conference held in Saliford, July S-7, wpill also *. beavailable. . Plans for the coming-term includethe proluctionfof a leaflet on, the spate of recent arrestS in Sprack. Th~e Guildtford meetling, arranged jointly with the local Trades Council, will be chaired by a prominent local Strrey County Councillor. Contact: Chris Godbold, 8 Tirlemont-road, South Croydon, urrey, CR2 6D5.Tel. 01-681 0832. West London WEST London Anti-Apartheid Group is planning to hold a meeting on the current situation in Zimnbabwe (Rhodesia) on November 3. The meeting will mark the tenth an -. versary of the UDI by the Smith regime. The group is also rtking part in , ad hoc committee formed to " odunter the National Front's plas, to hold its, annual general meeting in Chelsea Town Hall on October 8 West London AA Gfoup is ontinuing to hold its monthly fundraising stalls in the Portobello Road mart- , eghcbric-a-brac and Secro ; r , ondo AA Group, Merseyside MERSEYSIDE Zimbabwe Solidariyj. Committee has recd its E40 NationaUnt.Tegopinw raisin~gfundst Qbuya' eon L Rovner to be used as an amblanpe. Cash and offers of help to: Steve ThorntonI 2'15 County Rd., Glasgow GLASGO ntiApartheid-Group picketed t offie nof a Glasgow, advertining,agency Austn Knight, IENT NE%- Southern Africa. The network is planning a protest on October 25 in London to draw attentin to these arrests and the new wave of repression inside South Africa. Student support is also being mobilised for the Anti-Apartheid Movement conference on Zimbabwe (Rhodesia)in Birmingham, October 18-19 and in support.f local aivityaround November 11, the tenth ,anniversary of UDI. KentUN-VERSITY of KENT students are planning to campaign in the university against emigration to 'South Africa. They will distribute an Anti-Apartheid Movement setting out the arguments against emigrating to South Africa through the university's Careers Office. Bristol BRISTOL University AntiApartheid Group are holding a stall during freshers.week and are plan- ning to campaign against investment in South Africa and emigration there, Aberystwyth STUDENTS at the College of Librariamship in Wales at Aberystwyth are orgarising a fresherssweekjbookstall ofn So u ten Africa -'nd have arranged a showing of the film "Last Grave at Dimbana" during the week. Meetings UNIVERSITIES and colleges where students are holding meetings on Southern Africa during the coming term include the City of London Polytechnic, Sheffield University, the London School of Economics and All Saints College, Tottenham. Information about speakers, films, exhibitions and literature from: Anti-Apartheid Movement, 89 Charlotte St., London W.I. 01-580 5311 tprotestginst interti ews for lobs in South Africa which were taking place there, in September. They distributed leaflets atd handed in a letter to the interviewers and the office staff at the agency explaining why they were bpposed to emigration to South Africa. The office's manager appeared embarrassed by the publicity linking the agency with South Africa. The Group is planning to leaflet outside a showing of the all-black rMusical lpitombi in Glasgow. It will also hold a fund-raising deeeand wipe party on Friday November 7. All welcome. Contact: John Nelson, 3 Rosevalis Crescent, Hamilton, Lanarks. ML3 8LX. Souzth1ampton SOUTHAMPTON Anti-Apartheid Group is planning to hold a meeting on Namibia (South Wet tricaon October 15 at St. Matthews Church Hall, St. Mary's Road, Southamptoni. Thepcer will be a reprsentaive' tof SWAPO (South Went African People's Ornisation) and there will be a showing of the now Swedish film "The Liberation Strug of Namibia". Contact: DvidlHadey 82 CharltonxRwd, Southampton SO] SEW. Haringey HARINGEY Anti-,partheid Group is plannin~fg aset ' s of monthsly meetingsfor tie autumn. The first - on the situ~ation in Angola - will take place on Monday October 13 ac, 8pm at 19 4pnngtonRoad, FotisGreen, London N.2 The speaker will bePaul Falivet.of the AngolaSoidartyCommittee. The m meetng will be on Zimbnabwe (Rhodesia) and in .Deievberthe Group-plans to hold a fund-raising Christmas Party. Contact: Margaret Ling, 36 Endymion Rd., London. N.4. Tel. 348 6657. Angola AROUND 60 members and supporters of the Angola Solidarity Committee picketed South Africa House'on September 17 to demand annd to South African Interference in Angola and a withdrawal of South African troops from the country. They-included contingents from the African National Clngrsvsnf SSouth Africa and from the Union of Turkish Progressives demonstrating Turkish workers' support for MPLA and its struggle. The A rgola Solidarity Committee also supported the demonstration on September 20 called by the Portuguese Workers Coordinating Committee in support of the Portuguese revolution. One of the demonstration's slogans was 'Soldarity with MPLA'. MCC ban THE MCC has called off its'pianned 1976-77 tour of South Africa. Announcing its decision the Cricket Cduncil soid that it 'egretted that "its requirements for the resumption of Test cricket with South Africa have not 'et been fully met." The turning point in England's cricketing relations with South Africa was in 1970 when a massiv anti apartheid campaign force4 the cancellation of the 1970 Springbok cricket tour of England. South Africa' scheduled tour of England this year was also called off and South Africa was not in, vited to take part in the Prudential World Cup which took place earlier thi teason,Australia Golf THE AVSTRALIAN Golf Ujun Council announced in September ARE YOU a teacher of current affairs or social studies in a secondary school or further education college? The International Defence and Aid Fund is looking for sympathetic teachers who would be willing to 'field test' some of the material for its Educational Kit on Southern Africa, Materials will include fact sheets, photographs, news stories, poetry, fiction, charts, original documents, autobiographies etc. The kit willrcover History * Economic Geography * Rhodesia * Namibia * Education* Agriculture * Work * Family Life * Pass Laws * Sport * Women * Penal System * Resistance * South Afri ca and the World Trials are scheduled for the 1975 autumn ter. If you would' be interested in using between one and five topics in the classroom,andin making detailed comments please contact: Jan Narsh, IDAF Information Dept., 104 Newgate SE, London ECl NAME ...... " ADDRESS...... SCHOOL/COLLEGE . .. ." ...... AGE OF STUDENTS .... TOPICS PREFERRED...... ACTION-NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL thatit would not send a'golf team t South Africa to compete in the Commonwealth amateur tournament. The event ii scheduled to take place in November. Announcing its decision the Council said: "While this coundi is unanimously in favour of sending a golf team to South Africa, it regrets it cannot d so in view of the Australian Government's disapproval.." Can.ada Toronto CANADIAN anti-apartheid activists demonstrated against South African participation in the World Master Track meeting, held n Toronto in August. Organisations represenftd at the -demonstration included the Canadian Council of Churches, Oxfamy Development Education Centre, TCLSAC, African National Congress of South Africa., The demonstrators held discussions with passers-by and partiicipapts about the larger issues raised by South Africa's presence at the event. Sylvester Stein, a British sportsman, spoke out against South African participation at the Canadian Masters Association "meeting. Contact: Susan Hurlich, .Coordinator TCLSAC (Toronto Committee for the Liberation of Southern Africa), 121 Avenue Road, Tororto, Ontario, Canada * ancouver AN Anti-Apartheid Movement has been formed in Vancouver, Canada by South African exiles living there. The group plans to do edujtional work explaining what life under apartheid means for the black majority in South Africa and to disribute films, posters, pamphlets andother material about the situation-there. Contact: M.G. Sanderson, AAM (Vancouver), PO Box 1090, Station 'A', Vancouver V6C-2TI

Anti-Apartneiu Mws uctoner itssa. rage3 Mass outcry against detentions and torture .orster reignofterror icture by Chr'is Cornwell AROUND 60 people are now known to be held incommunicado in detention under the Terrorism Act in South Africa and evidence is coming out that some are being badly tortured. ANTIAPARTHEID NEWS reports on on the Vorster's regime's new wave of terror. THE RECENT spate of detentions under the Terrorism Act has led to a tremendous upheaval in South " Africa. Th~usands have taken part in protest meetings, tens of thousands have signed protest petitions, there have'been clashes between demonstrators and police in many centres. Terrorism Act Nobody knows for certain how many have been detained. On September 1, the Johannesburg Star said 19 people had been arrested under the Terrorism Act since June. On September 3, the Rand Daily Mail said 38 people, including five women, were known to be arrested under the Terrorism Act and a further 15 people underthe General Laws Amendment Act in Namibia (South West Africa). The detainees included 31 Africans, 9 Whites, seven Coloureds and two Indians. On"September 3, Mrs. Helen Suzman, the Progressive-Reform Party MP, gave the number of detainees as 68. NUSAS Former NUSAS leaders Horst Kleinschmidt and Gordon Young were detained on September 15 and at the same time two others, Patrick Martens and John Lewis, were reported to have been detained by security police near Outschoorn, Cape Province and to have been taken to Pretoria for questioning. Four more whites and one black were arrested on September 16. Detainees Cabinet Ministers and police chiefs consistently refuse to reveal the number of detainees, even in reply to qustions in Parlialnemi. They say it is "not in the public interest" to do so. Police even refuse to inform the relatives of detainees that they have been arrested, and families are left guessing if one of their members fails to return \ home. Detainees have no access to. family, friends, lawyers or the courts. Detainees are held indefinitely in solitary confinement, in itself a terrible punishment, and in addition are subjected to all forms of physical and psychological torture by the security police interrogators who are trying to get thim to "talk". At least 22 detainees have died in mysterious circumstances since detention without trial was first introduced in 1963. In a statement on Atsgust 22, the women's organisation Black Sash said that talk of establishing good relations with neighbouring Countries was useless when in -South Africa Security Police could summarily pluck citizens out of their normal lives and incarcerate them - out of sight arid beyond the protection of the courts and the due processes of the law. But in reply to the uproar, Prime Minister Vorster told the Nationalist Party congresses in Pretoria and East London that "detente" had nothing to do with the maintenance of "law and order" in South Africa, and gave theassurance that the security laws would be strictly enforced for as long as necessary, Terror Crhitis of the detentions in the opposition press has been bittis. The Rand Daily Mail published a series of editorials in the period from June to September protesting against the use and abuse of the terrible powers conferred on the police by the Terrorism Act, and pointing out that of all the lindreds detained over the years, only a few had, been charged and even fewer convicted. The Star on, August ,22 headlined its prptest edjtorial "The Terrorism Act - a law of ferror" Breytenbach Most of the public indignation has been concentrated on the detention of Afrikaans poet Broyten Breytenbach, the wife of an atomic scientist, and a number of university lecturers and leaders of the National Union of South African Students. Protest Commenting on this selectivity, Wits University Law Professor John Dugard pointed out a student protest meeting op August 28 that the Terrorism Act had been invoked by the whites to maintain the status quo. Although the wording of the Act was not discriminatory it was a method of institutional violence for use against blacks. SASO He cited the lack of concern or outcry by whites when the current South African Students' Organisation (SASOjtrialists were held under the Act for months before being brought before the courts. Status Quo "The white South African public does not care a damn about iddividu4i liberty as long as the status quo is maintained", he said. "If we are in favour of continued white affluence while blacks are given poorly paid jobs, this law maintains. the status quo".. What was done to the detainees was not so very different from what was done to hundreds of thousands of pass lawoffenders every year, he said. "They might be put away for two or three weeks in isolation before friends can find them. They don't have access to lawyers. "Our blacks go through this every day. This is a form of institu- tionalised violence we should oppose", he said. Nevertheless, each new detention has spread a consciousress amongst wider sections of the population of the evil of the Act, and of the apart- held system it Is designed to bolster. The demand for the release not only of Terrorism Act detainees but of all political prisoners is being voiced more and more insistently in South Africa today. Banned priest'stands firm against Apartheid COSMAS Desmond has had his banning and house arrest orders lifted, in a surprise move by the South African Department of justice. He was banned under the Suppression of Communism Act inl 971 after writing a book "The Discarded People" which exposed the frightful conditions in which people shifted under the South African government's forced remioval policy were living in the African homelands. In the first statement which he made after his banning order was lifted, Cosmas Desmond said that he would continue to campaign on behalf of other banned people. Coloured, Labot attacks Slum COLOURED Labour Party leaders' stressed the unity of all oppressed people in South Africa, at the party's executive committee meeting held in Coronationville at the end'of August. The party's leader Sonny Leon said: "We should think of one united group of people other than Whites." He went on: "South Africa will be the South Africa we want it to be if we all join hands together. We He commented: "One cannot get excited about oIe Person being unbanned when there are still so many other people who are nned and under house arrest. "Soime of these people are in far worse situations than I was." He stressed that his attitude towards apartheid had not.changed in any way. "If anything, I am more convinced of the things I was opposing than ever before,' "Perhaps the fact that I am unbanned shows that the Government appreciates the increasing irrelevance -of Whites bringing about radical change in South Africa," he added. ir Party housing will all be free one day, but the price of freedom is not easy. You will have to pay dearly for your freedom." He attacked the slum conditions in which black people were forced to live and said that, the South African government could find ,funds to house people running away from Angola "yet We are told there is a shortage of money for 100,000 housing units for our people." Political prisoner ill on Islandi GOVAN Mbeti, one of South Africa's mostdistinguished political prisoners, is seriously ill - but the prison authorities refuse to give any information about his condition Reports from Robben island say that for a long time he has been suffering from hypertension and that recently this has become acute. The South African Prisons Department has told press reporters that under a recently introduced regulation, it is no longer possible for it to give anyinformation about the healthor whereabouts of prisoners. . Govan Mbeki was imprisoned for life at the Rivonia trial in 1964 together with Nelson Mandela, Walter Sisuls, Ahmed Kathrada and other African National Congress leaders. He was National Chairman of the ANC before -was banned in 1960. In 1963 h5 vent underground and was appointed to the national High Command of the ANC's fight g wing Umkonto we Sizwe. He is now 65 years'old and has been on Robben Island forthe last twelve years. Letters calling for the release of Govan Mbeki and asking for information about his condition and whereabouts should be sent to the Commandant, Robben Island Prison. AA symbol banned in S Africa THE ANTI-Apartheid Movement's symbol has become illegal in South Africa following the publication of the latest ise ofbanned books and symbols in the Government Gazette. The Gazette bans the use, in any form, of "A Black Circle on a White Background." The July arind August issues of the women's magazine Nova have been banned. as well as the latest issuesof the magazines Titbits and Photography. Political writings banned include "The Myth of Orthodox Trotskyism" by Martin Cook, "The Theory and Practice of Revisionism" by Michael Banda and "Lenin as Philosopher" by Anton Pannekoek. Detente with Ivory Coast IVORY Coast Minister of Information, Laurent Dena-Fologo, visited South Africa.in the second week of September; to support Vorster's attempts at 'detente' with independent Africa. ,He said that the Ivory Coast was making no demands of the South African Government. "There are no conditions attached to dialogue in searching for peace."

Anti-Apartheid Nedws- October 1975. Page 4 Sell shares in apartheidsay British trade unions LAST month's Trades Union futurein which we would like a with the South African Congress CongressinBlagkpoolpassed share. ofTradeUnions,thenon-racialist overwhelmingly a motion urg- T The past year has witnessed en- forganisation which is striving, ing the Labour Government to couragng signs that past effortsrf despite severe persecution, to take steps against British invest- Ihe TUC have not been wasted, If organise South African workers ment in South Africa and giv- we look at events in Mozambique, on a non-racialbasis.Theother i ing support to SACTU (South in Guinea Bissau; we can see that trade union organisation in South African Congress of Trade the trend is plainlytowards major- Africa -TUCSA - has white, Unions). The resolution was ityrule and the development of Coloured and Indian workers in its moved by Bill Kendall, Gen- workers' organisations. Even in membership -but no Africans! eral Secretary of the clerical Rhodesia there are talks - or at Thisis amockeryandthefact workersunion CPSA.The anyrate,talks abouttalks,or isthat TUCSAisdevoted in reality following is part of the text of deferment of talks about talks. to the interests of the White his speech: iN presenting this motion I should The following is the text of the resolution on Southern Africa passed like to express appreciation of the b the 975 Tra des Union Congress: positive measures recorded in para- 'CONGRESS reaffirms its Oppositioh to apartheidand pledges its graph 290 of the General Council's support for policies designed to produce majority tile in South Africa Bill Kendall, General Secretary Reportfor1975. andRhodesiaandwhichwillendtheilegaloccupationofNamibiaby CPSA The appointment of a Labour South Africa. Attache, in South Africa, bythe In partictular, Congress recognises that the British trade union move- trade union movement it is by Government;theactiontakenby attackingBritish investments. ment can best assist these ohiettives by/working citosefy with the South the General Council respecting African C teoof Trade Unions and pressing the British Government importance of investment in s British firms not encouraging or t tajee a psbae steps to wifirw investmentbyBritish countryas- South Africa cann retognising black South African "irSouth Aftr-a," m i overestimated, neither can ths trade unions; the contacts between I effect of withdrawal of that ir theTUCandtheSouthAfrican. ment.DespitetheLabour Go Congress of Trade Unions - these Thegreatexceptionisthe workers-who dominate its Execu- ment's pledged opposition to are all useful contributions to the Republic of South Africa, wih 'tive There can be no future in an held, British investment in So cause of freedom in Africa. still characterised by all the nstru- African trade union movement Africa continues to flourish. It is a cause in which we have meits of racialism- segregationvon whi h does not set out to do its The sort of demands wmesh on more than one occasion in the grounds of coour; pas law j ,be making on the Governmen past recognised that we have a big reservation jaws; migratory er - lgets offered by TUCSA elude "No loans to the South material stake, as well as moral laws; den igra thecgto[about TheemnpoeptAfrican African Government o comp obligations towards the trade union except to white workers and of - unions caue, under the laws, "operating in South Africa" an movement which is emerging in a course the economic exploitation African unions are not allowed to great continent in a state of rapai of labour which goes with this be registered. This speaks for itself Africa". evolution towards self-determin- policy of divide and rule. as to the state of affairs in South The importance of investr atont. Anditisnecessarytoreiterate Africa.AGovernmentandan notpurely econonii. Upon it Even on the basis of sei-iterest all this, because recent events might official trade unionorganisation pends South Africa's claims t we must accept the fact that Africa give the impression that fundamental teamed up with the employers to political acceptability in the e represents a tremendous market and far reaching changes are taking teaintin a system of exploitation the world. with a vast potential for expansion place in South Africa and we have of the Africans. What future can The blunt fact is that ratia and it is in our interests to be to state bluntlythatthisisnotso, therebeinthis? acrimeagainst humanity inst friends of the workpeople there- and Vorster's manoeuvering is to If we cain,1ayany role in bring- by the desire to exploit work because in the long run they, and consolidate apartheid, not elimin ing mout majority rule n South people andthereisnocompr.notanypresentrulingminorities, ateit. Africaandinthereby assisting the ing with it will hold the keys to the future: a We must develop co-operation emerging of a -ru v representative Vorster visits South American dictatorships SOUTH African Prime Minister Vorster visited Paraguay and Uruguay in August as part of South Africa's international offensive to win friends and win trade markets. His trip followed the visit last year by Paraguayan dictator Alfred Stroessner to South Africa. The strengthening of South Africa's economic links with the South American dictatorships was A -no area. Shortly before Vorster's visit it was reported that the Chilean junta had sent a mission to Pretoria to build investment and trade links. The South 'African mining consultants Shaft Sinkers are to do feasibility studies into gold mining prospects in Chile and the South African firm Ovenstone Investments are reported to beh-tifested in returning to Chile where they had a of The uch a ot be nvestvernapartuth ould tin nies ient is de 0 yes of aism is iired ing omis- SA offers water bribe to black African states VORSTER'S latest move inhis attempts at 'detente' with independent African states has been. an offer of South African expertise in the use of water. Speaking at the commissioning of the Orange-Fish River Tunnel, he said: "We offer the knowledge we have gained - our engineering skills and scientific and technical know- ledge - to our neighbouring countries." He went.on: "To the Bantu homeland leaders, the governments of neighbouring states and all states to the north, this offer is open to whoever wants to make use of it in a spirit of goodwill, co-operation, mutual understanding and respect." frica exports some capital goods ised by Allende. typewIterS British TV star otably mining niachinery - to the 'We arewivesandmothers forAustralia joinsSouthAfrican s ntsmount SOUTHAfricahaswonakeyrole hungerstrike first ' M rsVorster intheinternationaloperationsof FORMERBritishTVpersonality MRS TINI Vorster- wife of South Africa's Prime Minister, came out firmly against any idea of women's liberation, at the National Party's Congress in Pretoria at the end of August. Women, she said, should not threaten men's territory in politics. "What we want is to be active together with men. Men should not regard us as intruders. With us, our husbands and children come first." Summing up the debate on women, Mrs. Martina Botha, wife of the Minister of Water Affairs, saw women's main role as being "careful spenders" in the fight against inflation. the multi-national business machines corporation Olivetti. Typewriters are now being assembled in South Africa from parts supplied by Olivetti Spain and exported to Australia and Hong Kong. A spokesman for the company said that the decision to assemble the machines in South Africa had been made because of the "stability" of the local labour force. Michael de Morgan is to become one of South Africa's first television announcers. He took up a post as news presenter for South Africa's new TV service on September 2. The South African Broadcasting Corporation is still trying to recruit British technicians for its segregated TV Service. STUDENTS at the Rand College of Education went on hunger strike at the end of August in protest against "shabby treatment" by the college authorities. The college is for Coloureds only. The students ended their strike after the Department of Cloured 'Affairs in Johannesburg agreed to look into their complaints. Striking workers ,charged NINETEEN bakery workers who went on strike at Woodstock near Cape Town have been arrested and charged with "refusing to obey an order". The charge has been brought under the Bantu Labour Regjlations Act ind the men Will appear in court again on November 10. After another bakery work stoppage in the northern Transvaal town of Rustenburg, in September, 139 workers were taken into custody by police. They were striking in support of a demand for a £3 a week payrise. The stoppages are part of a pattern of sporadic strike action which has never completely died out since the big strike wave of 1973. The authorities are now adopting a get-tough policy of arresting strikers under the Bantu Labour Regulations Act or the Industrial Conciliation Act which outlaws strike action by African workers Blacks grow faster than whitesSOUTH Africa's white population is growing at a slower rate than any of its segregated black population groupings, according to the latest census. Between 1970 and 1974 the white growth rate was 2.04 per cent. The African population grew at a rate of 2.72 per cent, the Coloureds at a rate of 2.69 per cent and the Asians at a rate of 2.56 per cent. South Africa's total population was 24,936,000 at the end of 1974. Of this Africang made up 17,761,0071.22 per cent; whites made up 4,158,00 - 16.68 percent; Coloureds made up 2,307,000 and Asians 710,000. The census shows that the white population stands at over 100,000 in only 10 economic regions, six of which lie in the Pretoria-Witwatersrand-Vereeniging complex. The total population of Johannesburg - South Africa's biggest city - was 1,528,000. This included 510,000 whites and 876,000 Africans. The most densely populated homeland was (wa-Zulu with 2,623,000 peopl , fM o y the Transkei with 2,131,000.

- oetoerlujy rage5 way in Windhoek Vigorous campaigning by SWAPO and its allies in the NNC (Namibia National Convention) meant the talks were delayed far beyond the original date planned fol their , opening. The SouthAfrican regime suffered reverses when several tribal leaders who were counted on to takte part refused to do so. In the South, SWAPO reports that four leading Nama chiefs announced the formation of a SWAPO branch, A iewSWAPO blanch was also formed in the north. The Damara Advisory Council, abody actually appointed by the South African administra'tion as part of the Buntustan set-up, made their-ettendance conditional on international supervision of the talks and the free return of Namibian exiles. The South African administration ultimately created another body, the Daimsara United Front, and it was this puppet group which attended the talks as 'true leaders of the Damara people'. Il mid-Augiust, Bantustan leader Chief F-llemon Eli fey was shot dead in the hnorth. South African occupying forces then unleasheda massive onslaught against Namibians. The entire SWAPO leadership in the north was arrested, anid is still being held. SWAPO reported on September I that'arrests are continuing nightly and the gaols are overflowing. Nobody knows how many patriots have recently been taken. But it is known that one of the victims isa 15-year-old girl, Marita Matthias, a schoolgirl at Odibo'. Later, onSeptember 10, SWAPO said: 'To our knowledge, South African forces have shot and itiled at least five Namibian civilians in the north in the past month. At Oshakati Hospital there are reported to be a number of-people suffering with bullet wounds. The homes of at least three people - two of th m priests - have been burned L down'. In Windhoek there was a further sinister development after the atsassination ofElifas. Armed gangs of Chiefl apuuo's suipporters hroke int hsthe houvf SWAPIofficials, 'kidnapped them, and handed them 11 - a o.. powers year. . theholdingoftalks,underUN and status as self-governing home- The South African regime is - survision, aimed at the holding of lands. The whites yesterday per- clearly deterninesi to push forward free electionsin Namibia under UN suaded a 22-man comeittee'wth with its neecolonialist antuvtaq supervison and control . U S protest on Cessna planes THE AMERICAN Committee on repression. Members of thle volun- African military, journal Paratus: Africa has protested against the teer Air Commando receive two "These small aircraft keep the 1000supply of the US Cessna aircraft weeks annual training in radio CO- , mile border under constant surtoSouthAfrica. , operationwiththeregular Security vei lance.". In a statement made before a Forces, practice bombing and re- It adds: "Without these aircraft, Senate sub-commtitee ACO,-'s connaissance. thehelicopters,CessnaandDakota, Research Director, Jennifer Davis, The Cessna is-also -setdfor re problems of supplies and commanirevealed evidence that the Cessna is connaissanceflights aloig South cation would be insurmoutable." used in training Sodth Africa's para- Africa's northern boaders Accord ACOA, 164 Madison Avenue, military Air Commando for internal ing to an article in the Sith New York, N.Y. IlBl , USA Every effort should be made to get these people released. Please rganise, your branch, group or organisatio to send messages to South African Prime Minister Vorster condemning the imprisoement under the Terrorism Act of SWAPO leaders and patriotic Namibians opposing the continuing South African occupation and the South African regime's Bantustan plotsfor Namibia. Messages of solidarity should also be sent to SWAPO in Namibia. For further details please contact the Namibia Support Committee, 21"/25 Tabernacle Street, London EC2: teL 588-4342. Dutch AAM condumns loans to South Africa TH= ...... : -- * -.***._ -.. - NAMI BIASupport Committee THE DUTCH A sdApartheid ' R otterdam Bank) the Netherlands Aficais on the move, it is of the posters 2Op and sp51, badges 20p,, Movement has condemned five Bank, Van Lanschot Bank, the utmost importance to the South books, pamphlets etc. Namibia Dutch banks for granting easy, loan Central City Bank antd Main and African Governn'snt that morantd fpotCmite 1 * . . ~an entt~tBakaf,ees-nd., Ar Mee SupportCommi~ttee,21,25 faciities to the South African gov- Hope, moreoftheSouthAfricanecono- Tabernacle St., London EC ernment, in a recenty published The report comments: "o Nw mosecort fall intothleoando- f th. . report. t kpopulationof The banks are Ameo (Amnsterdamt- -that the bakpultoIofSouth Afrikaner."

____iiAathed News Octebrl!T. Page 6 AAM must build, masive action'on apar West backs white 0A - - tEARLY 1960. heralded South Africa ina tavou Ic light. of Portuguese colonialin has ports about South recess of European with- TPretoria regime has taken helped to transform the prospects withdrawal do not re opportunitytoexploitwhat. fortheliberations stantal military assis awa from Africa ebrought it considers to be a more favour- -'Africaitaelf. videdbySouth Afric out through dermined *able climate of ion to esta- Towards the end of 1974,46 Smith regime by way tuggle on the part of the blish fresh political, diplomatic leaders of the black consciousness equipment ican people for national and economic links with several movement were detained and some Despite the recent depenldence. Most of Africa independent African States. of themi have since been charged. is no real prpspect of now decolonised withthe There can, ofcourse,be no Thesemeasures arepartofthe regime voluntarily su Ilapse of Portuguese fas.. true peace-between Africa and overall policyto split the black power to the majorit m, the long and arduous Apartheid, but the Vorster regime alliance of African, Indian and and the armed strugg uggle of the African libera- calculates that its actions with re- Coloured people and thus under- fore have to be intens n movements has been gard to Rhodesia and promses in mine the growing resistance of the odear to ensure the ti nsformedintoonewhich relat on to Namibia will help to oppressed people of that country. power to the African * n w . buytimeforSouthAfricaby Sectionsofthewhitecommunity, SouthAfrica rema qures newly won inepend- helpi g to edce, if not end inter- especially students and church mined to pursue the I :e .to be consolidated and national pressure against the leaders, have also been sub jected polity in Namibia an ntinepeaceestablished. Republic , tospecialattack. totheworldasavalid However, thesituationin' The Ati-Apartheid Movement Oni e other hand, the increased self- determination, If gola reveals the serious dangers believes that this is precisely the importance being placed on the regime is genuine in a ed by the Angolan people from time when the maximum pressure Bantustans is aimed at pacifying change its policies wit a level external intervention has i-be moutedagainst the world opnionnd making South Southern Africa the t h its internal collaborators in- apartheid regime rather than any Afica more acceptable to the good faith is what is stfying dissension within the relaxation of international action, internatiuonal eomunity. Namibia. In May-Jun ntry.Theindependenceof Thepoliciesofthe.Sth TheSmithregimehas ct, SecurityCouncil onc inea Bissau and the Cape African regme emanate essentially face growing African resistanceas bated Namibia and So de Islands, seems to be assured as a response to the forces of lib- well as pressure from South Afric * refusal to withdraw fr idependant Mozambique - eration within the country- a toreachsome settlement with the intemational territory es special problems arising from fact readily overlooked by the ANC. The iniatives taken by Western permanent m geographical proximity to western press and politicians who Zambia, Tanzania, Botswana ard again used a Triple Vi ithAfrica. donotwishtoengageinany Frelimolastyearledtotherelease topreventthe arms ei With the virtual ending of support of the internal struggle in of several political detainees but against South Africa I tuguese colonialism in Africa, South Africa because that would many still remain in Smith's pri- mandatory. There is o South African regime remains bring tlhem in confrontation with sons and camps. The policyof verylittle more that c he main bastion of white the apartheid regime and its allies. establishing strategic hamlets has achieved by diplomat remacy; it has been forced to Resistance to the apartheid continued and more and more alone and the major f ke fresh calculations with re- system is constantly growing. Africans are being executed for the'armed struggle wi d to its future survival - the i Strikes by African workers, which their involvement in the armed SouthAfricans anceof powerinSouthern in most instances are illegal, are struggle. One of the most shame- the new situation in S ica has been fundamentally becoming a regular feature and the ful features of these acts of mur- Africa is clear: it warn red and the Vorster regime is scale of the repressive measures der is the failure of the British and the world to com ermined to turn the situation taken against them are of increas- Government, despite repeated re- with apartheid and in ts advantage with a major dip- ing severity. indeed, even a cur- quests froth AAM, to declare that gives the impression o satic initiative aimed at sorV examination of the repressive all illegal executions of political concessions internally ting" the Rhsodesian problem, measures adopted by the regime leaders amount to murder and -ready to persuade Sm The events since the end of over the past year gives some indi- that those responsible would late with the African I 74have been well-publicised cation of the strength of the accordingly be held liable for their Council, to be ready t dthewestern presshas madea spiritofresistanceWithinSouth criminalacts. WiththeUNand the ( cial point of casting Vorster as Africa.The increasing repression South Africa continues to vio- Namibia. At the same ica's Peace-Maker. Never be- of-the white regime is inresponse late UN sanctions against Rhodesia initiated a major offer e have we seen such a major to the appreciable upsurge of pop- and provides other forms of direct pand its economic per I concerted offensive to cast ular resistance, and the collapse support to the illegal regime. Re- independent African S Students mount fund-raisin campaXg for liberation mow THE ANTI-Apartheid Movement's work among students has been greatly strengthened in the past year, with almost 300 students from over 100 colleges and uniyersities in contact with the NUS-AAM network on Southern Africa. At the third summer conference of the network, held at Keele University in J uly 1974, it was agreed that the two major campaigning prierities for the year would be material aid for the Jiberation movements and disinvestment by-universities and colleges from holdings in companies with Southern Arican inerests. It wyas alsoi decided to initiatea camnpaigns for a boycott oflBarclays Bank in the first few weeks of the academic year when students are opening bank accounts for the first time. A fund raising target of £10,000 for the liberation movements was about half-fulfilled A large number of student unions participated in fund raising activities - through a. 'Southern Africa Week', discos, dances, film shows, sales and sponsored activities. . A major breakthrough was achieved in the disinvestment campaignwhen the Council of Lancaster University decided to support a motion that they should completely divest the university of shares in companies with links in South Africa. The decision followed a major national demonstration in support of the campaign at Durham University. Durham University Anti-Apartheid Croup held a referendum among students at the umiversity which supported disinvestment It has been met, however, by a refusal by the university's governing body to seriously consider the issue and by continued procrastination. Following a rally held in Durban in September 1974, a large number of South African students have been held in detention and tortured in prison and some are standing trial British students have responded i na number of ways. On October 26 a demonstration was o'rganised by NUS in conjunction with the Movement, to protest against the arrest of members of SASO (South African Student Organisation). Again on March 12 students mounted a series of pickets and ,demonstrations called by AAM to ,protest against the detentions-.-Many student unions and individual -students sent telegeams ad post,cards to South Africa in support of the stand taken by students there, and ome have 'adopted' a parlcular detainee and publicised his *case. The fourth conference of the NUS-AAM network was held at Salford University in July 1975. Participation was nearly double that in previous years, with over 100 students from 601colleges TH a p . dra ab' str Af ind is n col cis str tio tra req +-enc gen Ang fae hig] wit tens cot Gui Ve' bute face itsg Sou r Por the as t sup ma gar hal Aft alte det to i Ion 19t ant spe Aft for and rirican troop veal the su ba to the of miltary ttalks;, therethe illegal rrenderi " y population, le wil theresifted in-kf ansfer ofA people ins deterBBattustan I present it d form of the.Vorster ishing to It regard to An usAparthead demonstratoresall f, est of that simultaneously expandedits deone about fence budget in order to maintain 1975 the an essentially aggressive posture eagain de- The Pretoria regime has e-, uth Africa's solved relentlessly to pursue its orm the aggressive and expansive policies - the three in the confidence that the major embers once western powers are in full support tto, this time of this policy. It is in this context mbargo that the Vorster regime is prebeing made pared to work for a settlement in ibviously Rhodesia because the-perpetuation an be of that dispute pfesents a major ic action obstacle to its wider strategy in actor now is relation to Africa. It is also prothin Namibia moting various schemes in Namibia trategy in in the hopethat.they will help to outhern reduce international pressure ts Africa South Africais respondingby to termfs calling special 'talks' to consider return it the future of Namibia underfmaking Pretoria's rule. The South West being African People's Organisation of ith to negot- Natonal+ c ll OAo0 L tnegotiate B ' time it hasM Pscallf sive to ex- THE MAIN issue on which the atng the Si etration of Anti-Apartheid Movement has The'Southe States and campagned in the Parliamentary sidestepped Labour Party and among Const- ant issues a tuency Labour Parties in the past lation to Nt year has been that of British mili. that South tary collaboration with South 'Namibia w2 Africa . One aspi Followingthenewsjustfour AfricaRevien len ti daysafteritsreturnto.power, Governmen that the Labour Government had sporting lin The conference was fortunate i authorised a further joint naval and it has b having a very high level of guest exercise between the British and this policy speakersinclding a member of the I South African navies, MPs were lation to w African National Congress of South contacted ad asked to make every support for Africa's Executive ommittee, the effort on ensure that these exer- petitions hn Vice-President of SWAPO (South ctises were cancelled and all mili-, South Afrii West African People's Organisation); tary collaboration with apartheid At a me a representative oftheAfrican 'SouthAfricaended. MP, Minist National Council of Zimbabwe and An Early Day-Motion calling Foreign Ofi a member of SACTU (South foranendtoallmilitarycollabor- an AAM de African Conrgress of Trade Unon) ations was signed by over 85 MPs constitutii It was agrdtatcmpaigs in and as a result of these pretests, the illegale thecomi rshouldbtwo- bth ieside and outside Parlia- Smith regie pronge- : against alltish collasor- meet, the Foreign Secretary of the veto ation wi theSouthern African announced onsJune 161975 that - collaboratn minority regimes and in support of the SimtistownAgreement had vestment it theliheration strugl, been termhated was made c The Ani-prted o.f. TheDefenceReviewaudthe terpromise was present at . thtthe major NSJ SoutherAfriaReview, ie questionof conferences whhihtook place - amaimnt publication of *uich with a view during the year - at Margate and hed been used last yearasa means crete actiot at Llandudno. Fifty student unions of delaying action in Parliament Menber are affiliated to AAM and student on Southern Africa, were finally active in th groups at 30 colleges and universities published on December 3-and 4. lease of pol take regular bulk orders of AA The Defence Review stated South Afrb NEWS. thattalkswithSouthAfricawouldBram'Fisc take place with a view to termin- cancer in a Namibia I these shai announce about Sot sonnet an tured by Britab ation oft ment soo dcumen South Af codificati weapons placing n, callod str South Af there is g alliance b Washigt Germany helping I, nuclear a passd B,

Antti.ApMWtei News Axteerlv, rage, ndemned major trading partner. France re- ance the major We woAAM local"gronpis mobiis~e broad-based opposition o publicmeetings,orgasedhtee S speakers jointlywith the Hack THE ANTI-Apartheid Movement World Youth Sailing Champion- Committee against Racialism, now has 38 active local groups. ships and at interviews for jobs held a picket outside a meeting Their acu ivities involve f sections in South Africa. of the Springhok Association a of the local comm unity, as well Aberdeen Anti-Apartheid leafletted oiatside showings of as often having a national impact. Group protested against the in- "The Wilby Conspiracy". T h ey anlde th neren es of tsrfetai h ne- Gophl ulcme Sp includetheorgnisaton of volvement ofthe SouthAfrican West London Anti-Aparthei public meetings and conferences, Youth Orchestra in the Inter- Group held two public meetin -demonstrations and pickets, hook- national Festival of Youth Orch- in the past year. It also organi stlsselling AANEWS, main- estrasheld in Aberdeen, distri- a bookstall at local cinema taianing contact with to of Last Grave at press and other groups and emigration to South Africa Dimbaza", sold AA NEWS and organisations. through Aberdeen University's leafletted outside performance A Scottish Anti-Apartheid Careers Service and orgarised of "The Wilby Conspiracy". Si Committee has now been set up regular street sales of AA NEWS. Maythe group has been runnin to co-ordinate the work of anti- London groups have 'also been a regular Saturday morning fun Sapartheid groups in Scotland, as a very active in the past year and raising stall in the Portobello result qf the Gllaagow labour co-otdination among the groups Road market. movement conferencefheld earlier -hasbeenimproved. Anewgroupwas established thisyear. Plansarebeingmadefora inPortsmouthandGosport.So Glasgow Anti-Apartheid campaigntopersuade the' far ithasheldanumber ofpub Group has been outstandingly Greater London Council to sell meetings and recently supplied active over the past year. Follow- itfiinvestments in companies in- speaker to a local branh of gu. ing an initiative by the group voi9ed in South Africa and for ASTMS. Strathclyde Regional Council has joint fund raising activities *. In Blackpool a new group is stern powers instituted aboycttt of South Two new London groups, monitoring the loal press for n more strongly. African and Namnbian goods and Haringey and East London, were, advertisements for jobs in Soud hesthe central is reconsidering its investment formed during the year. The Africa The group held a public ,partheid Move- policy. Glasgow AA also organised H-aringey groesphas a particular meeting on Namibia in June an at public opinion protestseagainst the detention of interest in South Africa's apart- another on Labour -policyand worldis made membersof SASO and theBPC held education systems and performanc6 on Southern Affic arthed system in South Africa; at a meeting of organised an open meeting on the in August. danger to Africa the Springbok Association; at the issue in February and a one-day Southampton AA Group has er can be o annual shareholders meeting of conference in June. The group been working on reports that th id .te world Coats Patons, a Glasgow-based also raised nearly£200 for the port is to be the major contane finally destroyed. company with large South Anti-Apartheid Movement. terminal for Soth African it Ve et hey gd d gs ed nee g nd lic a d er AA:Uwemest getsvement African interests; against South East London Anti- Apartheid imports when the trd goes over ',e Is A M getsn " " " Africanparticipationinthe Groupwasformedin September to containers in 1977. thcesof Executive Secretary 1st, and THE, ANTI -Apartheid M~ovemnent for several yearsandsincel'972has u1 u ~ I SecyMik eed for Trade n a ia.West Basil Manningwholeftthepostin Union of Students andfor the Cl -oled in June. He will start work in the last two year hae worktd as hAfrica's_AAMofficeonOctoberl*1. AssistantDirectorofResearchat So t A frican investmentl-ll , ll 4.ll Lhas sor Mike Terry has been a member the International Defernce and Aid THE 1975 Trade Union Congress firms with South African connect- Office Engineering Union, the hAfrica's oftheAAMExecutiveCommittee Fund. ,resolutionpledging the TUC to ions. locomen's union ASLEF and o supportpoliCies whichwill help Aspart ofthecampaign ACTTmadestrongproteststothe bring about majority rule in South. againstemigration to South Government. maAfrica,Zimbabwe(Rhodesia) Africa,AUEW(FoundrySection), In May an AAM Trade Union S to landNamibia(SouthWestAfrica) the National Union ofAgricultural Commitee delega ion atended a Agreement. tal. They wrote letters to the well-attended in spite o'f the fact - was the culmination of a year's Workers, AUEW (TASS) and the meeting of the Hawker Siddeley view South African authorities, over that the emergency resolution had activity in which the Anti- , Scottish miners have all carried Nation, Shop Stewards' C m , import- 120 MPs signed a motipn calling already been ebated and-passed Apartheid Movement worked to articles in their journals urging mittee to express concern at press ough in re- on the Government to make re- overwhelminglyby Conference. stimulate debate in the trade their members not to work there reports that Hawker Siddeiey unions on Southern Africa. The and to take action against emi- workers had visited the South IcAed presentations for his release, and Two regional Labour move- main thrust of this work has been gration in their trades councils - African Embassy o seek orders apatlon of . many took part int and supported ment conferences were held dur- in campaigning on emigration, in- and regional TUCs. for Buccaneer strike aircraft The . demonstrations outside Sooth .ing the year in Wales and vestment and for support for Aleaflet produced by the shop stewards gave the delegation outhern AfrieaHouse. ° - Scotland, both of which were SACTU (South African Congress AAM's Trade Union Committee a sympathetic hearing and said [he MPsalsotookpartinapicket -li-attendd by delegates from of Trade Unions). ',Which includes acartoon drawn that those who had visitedthe towards of Rhodesia House on August 8 local Labour Parties as well as In January the Movement or- bya SLADE & PW member has South African Embassydid not th Africa, drawing attention to the plight of from trade unions and trades ganled a one-day conference for been widely circulated. Uni represen Hawker Siddeley ging to see political detainees and prisoners councils, trade unionists "The Worker and whichhave distributed theteaflet workers as a whole. ztice in re- in Rhodesia; and signed a letter Interest in Southern African Apartheid" in Coventry. More so their-members include the During the year successful Vinancia to the Foreign Secretary calling issues continues to grow among than 60 delegates representing 11 Transport and General Workers, anti- apartheid meetings Were held in fue e atwLabourParties,andthenumber tradeunions,6 trades councils ASTMS, the Post Office Engineer- at the national conference of r 'in which The decision to allow the of constitutency and ward parties- and 27 trade union divisions and ing.Union, National Union of ASTMS and the Society of Ci A. British Steel Corporation to affiliated to the Movement is branches attended. Minerworkers and the Union of Servants. In October the clerical avid Ennals acquire new interests in -outh- increasing. Theconferenceaskedthe PostOffice Workers. workersunionAPEXissuedacirthe Africawasthesubjectofstren- The Liberal Party at national Government to withhold financial In J ann the Executive Board calar to its bfanches urging them tember 8, uocaus protest in Parliament, and. leel th Palimntr LiberaleBor u~rt tsbachsugigte ursed the the Movement supplied back- l assisance from companies oper of the ICFTU decided to launch to give financial support to Rhodesia, ground information to asst in Party and thfe Young Liberals ating in South Africa, in particular - acampaignagainstemigrationtc ACTU.he formation toi havebereguar tciraed British Leyland. It caled for an SoudhAfrica as-a matter of With the affiliation in the formulation questions. withinformationonAAMcam- intnsification of the-campai the..unsesiThMoeremhsonined urgie.yTheyhavesincewritten- December of the AUEW (Foudry theuse TheMovementahadontinued paignsand on issues relating to ins emigration d ad fr the r- to all their affiliaesrepresening Sectionj, beusber of nationanilitary tosmaintain and bui4ssp con- SouthernAfrica. teaseof political prino.sUmons mnorethean 0 r ftfli ptrade nion affiliatedtothe° Anti' eze on in- sacteamong Constitueny Labour A literature tall wasc. . sed were also urgeeste dlsiiesttheir unionists, callin on-themot Apartheid-Movemetf to 41R. :a Progress- Parties Iskled thentoconvey at the1975 LiberalAssemblsy' ran fundl fromcompares erating mauntactivityon the issue in Eight trade union b-aneleaend Sthe Mint, t thePrimeMinistertheir manned byAA supportersm hAfricand to monitor their own countries. trades-councils alsoaffiliated aR at the epositinh tofberoldisg of the party and Young Liberals. theinvestment of pension funds After the joint exercises by the during the year. Rhodesia joint nnatl esrereines withs Soutt Telvlo pauciPaton by to-ctir& members-anneri- SouthAian and Britishs navies The AAM TradjeUion ConsOre con- Africa and tsportganrimer- .the Cowmsl;Paty and*-the hasted, lastye earfte 45M5,evtpos- iiee was strenigtenediby thte past. ge n yresolution onthe-sue Yo97 g Communist League in all In June the annual conference nre of South Africa's use of the addition of 10 new members, 6 fn were tabled by ASLEF for the 1974 aspects of the Movement's work of NALGO, the local government NATO codification system, several of whom were official delegates or ther - Labour Party Conference held is remains high. They have been workers'union, passed a resolition trade unions, infludihg the of their unions. The committee rs in 'London at the end of November., meirticularly active in the campaign calling on branches of the union Transport and General Workers, has continued to benefit from the ticular of feThe AAM meetingat the con- to end military collaboration with to press local councils and other ASTMS, AUEW jTASS), AUEW advice of John Gaetsewe, SACTU y hospi- Commons on November29was S publicbodiesnottoiivestin (ConstructionSection),thePost . Representative in Western Europe

~The, ecofr6lnics of minony rule ,AS the anniversary of UDI approaches, so too does the House oi Commons turn again to the question of renewing 'he sanctions order against the rebel regime. It is highly unlikely that any MP today seriously believes that sanctions wilt bring the Smith regime to its knees: indeed it is doubtful whether anyone in Whitehall has recently made a serious study of the effect that sanctions have had on the Rhodesian economy. Economic Survey Part of the reason for this-is the extreme diff iculty of obtainirua a learpicture of the economy's proge ,or lack of t The 1974 Economic Survey of Rhodesia states in its preface: "Because of the, United Nation's intensification of hostility 4s- towards Rhodesia and the consequent use to which certain statistcal data can be put, it has been necessary to limit the amount of detail given inlboth the narrativeand the tablesto to e Survey." In today's Rlpsa that is justifieatfon enough: conveniently it abo enablethe Gvrnnment to suppress a varit offats~ which S, would docubtless shoyw that all is not well with the Rh edelan econromy. Reserves Thus We are told that in 1974 the econoimy grew in real tesrms by about 10per tent; that manufactue, oig output grew by 7i per cent; that total African employm~nt rose by 5 per cent. But we are not told WhOt the country's foreign reserves are; nor the composition or direction o< of foreign trade; nor the estimated rate of African urban unemployment. These deficiencies prevent a proper assessment of Rhodesia's economic stte. African employment Nevertheless on the information which is available, it is quite plain what kind of society Rhodesia has been and remains, Domestic service is, after agriculture, the largest category of African employment. Average earnings for domestic-servants )which includes a// payments in kind, such as housing and rations) were $322 in 1974 - about L4 a week. In agriculture, they wale less than half that figure. Earnings in manufactoring industry are about four times as much as in agriculture. This causes the drift away from the land anlithe reported, if not quantified, sharp-rise in young urban dwdelers without a job or any real prospect of one. The ratio of white to blac. earnings is more than 10 to 1, even the same lob involving the same skills wigl pay far more to a white than to a black man. PDL The issue which caused so much controversy in South Africa last year -black wages apd thoe Poverty DatumLine (PL)t. - is likely to arise in the Rhodesian context before long. Academic reseprchers are engaged in otrlctiflg aet tsptodate PDT:the lastone w-asimade in 1957. Rolugh revisions to it since then suggest-that in 1973 an urban African family with thsree children needed an iptolneof $48&a mponth: yet at most 5 per cent of the employed labour force received such an income. White Rhodesians wake up to racial discriinaion? StIITH announced in theSalisbury - bwillhe headed bySir Vincent spokesman, on I House of Assembry on Iuiy 8 that Quesoat, a retiredt HighbCourt Judge. stalard categorical a commission was to beappointed longer interested in Rhodesia to study andreporton Lateintheday ationasanissue; waysofremoving"unnecessaryor . aboutpohwer." undesirable racial discrimn6tion". South African commentators Chiefs The members of the 1 1-mn team have now been apnouned six whites and five blacks, who include Chief Chirae1 president of the Chief's Council, and Senator Chief Ndiweni. The cmission welcomed Smith's announcement of the setting up of tle commission, although pointed out that the exercise was all a little late in the day. After years of apartheid-style racial discrimination, suggested the Johannesburg Star, "such an aboutface is a vital ingredient of any Rhodesian settlement." An African ltional-Council Foreign backers sought by Rhodesian businessmen RHlOESh AN. rssinnm have guaranteed more than£700,000 by tlaimed that sourcee in Britain three Rhodesian compan includEope, US and South America are ing the local subsidiary of Shell. planning to ivest in a multi-million They say that contact ha, a so pound protect which they claim will been made with South African promote African development. businessmen and organisaiin and The protect has been named the describe the project as"non-politi Whitsun Foundationand has bean cal." hc other heed, Iy: " Weare no in racial discrim we are talking Hard porn temptation too much WHITE Rhodesians have found a way round censorship in the area where it hucrts them most pornography., After the Censor Board cFosed its exhibition of banned publica tions in Bulawayo the magazine Banana wasfound to be missing. The Board of Censors Chairman lamented: "The book that was taken was one of the wo.rt in our collection of hard porn, "The people invited to the seminar are supposed to be responsible adults, It just goes to show how diffleult it is to define what a responsible adult is." Village, e'A" to the ground by teoops near Mount Darwin. Undera bill how going throgh the Rhodesian Paeliament the Secueity Forces will e able to destroy honlen an4 torture vilagers with impunity. Legal backing for military thugs THE Rhodesian SecurityForces Rhodesia (see July-August A will be able to commit atrocities APARTHEID NEWS)ragainst the population in areas The atrocities included ind where there is guerrilla fighting, witl- criminate bombing of villages outf fear of later prosecution ins the shootingoa women gnd child cqurts, under the terms of a bill and torture of people munde which is now going through the I on suspicion of having come RhodesianParliament. contact with guerrillas. The billhas three main pro, Thebillhas been attacked visions: Commission,byother church No civil or criminal proceedings ers and by African MPs, can be taken against the state or The-Commission has comp its emplqyees for acts done in that the terms of the Bill wer good falth while acting to sup- made public before it was int press terrorism - duced into Parliament. The Presildent maystop pro A joint statement deplorir ceedings taken against a terms oftheBill wasissued b Minister or thember of the secur- Anglican bishops, Paul Burro ity forces if he considers the Mashonaland and Mark Wieod action was for the purpose of Matahelelandand the district stopping terrorism intendentoftheMethodistch It provides for compensation for Rev, Andrew Ndheia, anyone se4feringlossorinjury Theydescribeditas'anIduringsuchacts andill-constructed piece of Ie Evidence of widespread atrocities lation" and protested that it committed by Rhodesii troops ed the inister of justice, an has, beonfompiledby theCom- the indort to 4nlcidwhether mnission to, )astice ansdPeace in had been done in good faiths. NTI is d up into by the lead plained c not ro gthe ytwo ugh of I of superutrch, I-timed gisallowd not anmal

PAIGI IT IS now just over a year si .nce P artug armecognised the independenpt republic of Guinea issa o Afdeiegation from the Coamittee for Freedom in Mozambiqding, Angola and Guine visited the country in Juneat the invitation of the PAIGC. Here it describes how the PAIGC is working to establish deocratic institutions, a se f-sufficient economy and education and health servihes. ITh I now two yearsesince the Nalinat Popular Assembly of Guinea-Bissau declared that country's independence, and just over a year since Portugal recognised the new Republic and admitted defeat in the war of liberation that the people of lupa~s~5ied bny PAIGC, had waged for over a decade. In baildint a new nation oat of what was the least developed of Portugal's African territories, PAI GC faces massive problems. A visit to Gainea-Bissau leaves a for cible impression of the magnitude of these difficulties, but also of the enthusiasm and dedication with which PAIGC is attempting to overcome them. The democracy developed in the liberated areas daring the war is being generalized throughout the country, which PAIGC have divided into eight regions. These are further divided into sectors, which in turn are divided into sections. Eath section consists of a group of tahancas (villages). A tabanca is the basic unit of Guinean democracy, and each talaca elects a committee of five (of whom at least two must be women) to manage Its day to day affairs; similarly section committees are elected by the population. These popular bodies are essential for the involvement of the people in the work of national construction, for the identification of genuine needs and grievances, and for avoiding the gulf between government and the masses typical of much of Africa. A very striking example of POPular democracy is presented by the judicial systemn. PAIGC has scrapped all the mystifications'of European law, and returned to a syatem that is readily comprehended by the rural population. Each section has a popular tribunal, competent to try all petty offences, consisting of three judges who are elected by the people from a list presented by PAIGC, and they lapply a law that is known and accessible - the customary law, pre-dating colonialism, in, each particular region, always with the proviso that where custom conflicts with PA1GC principles (as it frequently does over the role of women) it is the latter which is obeyed. At present the major task confronting Guinea Bissau is that of building a stable, self-sufficient economy, The Portuguese left a serious balance of payments deficit and an agriculture damaged by the war and operating at low productivity. PAIGC has been coping with this cutting back on unnecessary imports, and concentrating oh raising productivity in the countryside. There is evidence of great activity in the rural areas with the clearing of many new fields and the building of new tabancas. It is hoped to restore agricultural production to pre-war levels in two years or so, and to start exporting quantities of rice and sugar. Co- C Building the nation operative methods of farming are attack from their pupils. These being il troduced, and anumber of schools are also expected to be selfstate farm have been c ated, All sufficient, and cultivate their own _0 t land was nationali~ed at the last fields. session of the National A ssem-bly. There have been problems also idustryis virtually non-existent, with parents, particularly with rebut there aee now plans to create gard to schooting for girls. Parents small scale industrial unitsin the have seen education for their countryside linked to agriculture. daughters as a threat it might de-c Guinea's mineral resources are also prive them of labour in the kitchen, beingstudied it should benpossible and quite possibly of a bride-price to exploit both bauxite and phos- (paidbythemanintraditionalphates. arrangedmarriages)aswell, PAIGC In the field of distribution a has worked to overcome such ideas, myriad of private interests still and to promtte women'sequality. exists. Petty trading clogs all the Divorce is now readily availoi, interstices of the Country's econo- which undercuts the whole qrr aged my,and many of the traders, who marriage system. profited from colonialism, are no In the field of health PAIGC friends to the revolutin. Deliberate plans to build an 80-100 bed hospi sabotage has taken place with the tal in each region and t extend creation of artificial shortages, village sanitary posts throughout speculatiOn in commodities and the country. But they are a long uncontrolled raising of prices. way from achieving this target PAIGC has combatted such the hospital we visited in the region problems partly through legislative of Buba had only tenbeds with no measures maximum prices have facilities for surgery. Serious cases been fixed for many goods (as well had to be flown to the capital, as minimum prices to be paid by Bissau, for treatment. The local traders to the peasant for his agri- sanitary posts are usually run by Above: Medical staff at a sanitary post in Buba region of Guinea Bissau. cultural produce); but also, and nurses, often militants trained during Below: Demonstrators commemorate the 16th anniversary of the more importantly, through the the war: a post may serve several Rdgiguiti Massacreon 3 August in liberated Biuuau. development of the state-run thousand peoplescattered over a distribution network of 'Armazens wide area and, with very limited do Povo' (Peoples' Shops). ' supplies of medicines, has ta-cope Lack of equipment and lack of with a situation where malaria is qualified personrel hinders all work endemic and where tubercolosis, in education aid health. Not only conjunctivitis, malnutrition and are there not enough books for the elephantiasis are still all too comschools, but for some subets the moe, not to mention hazards such books have yet to be written. No as snake-bites. textbooks on Guinea Bissau's But, despite all difficulties, the history exist under colonialism major achievement remains - for the those few Africans who could attend first time education and health school learntiPortuguese history- services have been brought to people and so virtually no history has been who before knew only illiteracy and es disease, The construction of the, taught in Guinea over the past year. The attitude of some ofthe tea- new Guinea-Bissau will be a long chers who taught in the towns under and arduous task, but ultimately a colonialism has proved negative successful one. It canbe speeded up if the support given to PAIGC during They are unwilling to go and teach the w'r against Portuguese colonialin'the countryside, and do not under- sm can continue in the form of constand the PAIGC concept of edu- cation where schoos are colletive, crete assistance to the new Republic run democratically by pupils and For further information contac It teachers. In the boarding schools Mozambique/Guinea Information criticism and-self-criticism sessions Centre Top Floor, 12 Little are held every week at which politi-Street, London, WC2 cally backward teachers come under Angola's fight for self-rule SOUTH African troops invaded southern Angola across the northern Namibian border at the end of August. PAUL FAUVET reports on recent events in Angola and describes the dangers of foreign intervention there ON September 5 South Africa admitted that its troops were operating in southern Angola. According to the South African authorities a 30-man patrol was sent over the Namibia-Angola border to protect hydro- electric installations at the Ruacana Falls, and to.guarantee water supplies to northern Namibia. Brand Fourie, South African Deputy Foreign Minister, alleged that the workers at Ruacana and at the water- pumping station at Calueque 'needed protection', and that the lack of action from the Portuguese authorities forced South Africa to intervene. In fact South Africa has not sent 30 men - it was a force of 800 that crossed the border. And they have not stopped at occupying *hydro-electric installations. At the end of August they occupied the towns of Pereira d'Eca and-Vila Rocadas. On September 2 they withdrew and MPLA forces re-occupied the two towns, while the South African column headed northwards in the direction of Sa da Bandeira, capital of Huila province. The rationale behind South African intervention has nothing to do with protecting electricity workers. South African forces only invaded after the fighting between MPLA and UNITA in that part of the country was over and MPLA had scored a series of major victories. For South Africa an MPLA victory in the current war in Angola would have frightening implications. It would be of massive moral and material assistance to SWAPO's struggle in Namibia, and it would be a direct threat to the huge amounts of South African capital tied up throughout Angolan industry, particularly in the Cunene River scheme. Whereas.UNITA and FNLA have both indicated a willingness to operate in favour of private capital, MPLA has made it clear that there will be no room for the -exploiters of the working people of Angola. South Africa has therefore decided to work in collaboration with the puppet movements UNITA and FNLA against MPLA. Documents captured by MPLA and revealed at a press conference in August showed that Daniel Chipenda, FNLA Chief of Staff, has had contacts with South Africa in which FNLA was promised economic and military assistance. As for UNITA, not only does its president Jonas Safimbi receive an extremely favourable press in South Africa, but it has refused to condemn the current South African invasion. Angola's slide to civil war now seems to be more or less complete. No less than seven cease-fires have been signed between MPLA and FNLA: and on each occa ion FNLA has cynically broken the agreement as soon as it suited them. FNLA leader Holden Roberto declared 'total war' on MPLA in mid-July, and sent an invading column down from the Zaire border to march on Luanda. So far MPLA has succeeded in halting the FNLA approach to Luanda, and has managed to restrict FNLA areas of control to the northern provinces bordering on Zaire. At the moment MPLA is in a strong military position and controlls the capital, the cfastli fom Luanda to the Namibian J oin much of the interior, and the oilrich Cabinda enclave. But the massive support-i FNLA has received from Zaire, and now the brazen invasion of Soith African troops show the real dangers that the Angolan people face from foreign intervention. Our clear duty is to mobilize against such intervention and for the widest possible support for MPLA as the only genuine movement of national liberation in Angola.

Anti-Aparthed Ne Octotr ...... Id Should artists boycott SA? THE IDEA ofa cultural boy- writers and artists the question: Cott of South Africa has been "Should writers boycott South rejected by a number of show- Africa?'". ANTI-APARTHEID besiness personalities - among NEWS reprints the arguments them Spike Milligan, John put by concert pianist Dankworth and Jeremy Taylor ROSALYN TURECK and - who are planning to perform writer BRIGID BROPHY to there. The magazne "Index on explain why they still support Censorship" recently asked the boycott. Why I cancelled my South African tour Rosalyn Tureck wrfes: THE ACT of boycott is in itself violent. A cultural boycott of South Africa in any degree creates deprivation which will assure hardship for those whose work and personal energy are sustained by the fresh experience that an exchangeof artists and scholars can give. They lose thereby a major element in, their spiritualand intellectual life. It is with a deepsense of this responsibility thatl re-conflrm today the need for a cultural boycott. While its very nature is deplorable, an act of boycott expresses ei y protest against the larger vil of man's inhumanity to man. In a situation as painful and complicated as boycott some of its victims may resist usfor reasons which they regard as justified and which may deserve our respect. But have not we, the boycotters, also the right to expect that many who long to live in a civilised spirit of equality believe in us and will welcome our expression of limitless utrate in seeing one human group suppressed by another? Ultimately each individual must make his own decision in taking or rejecting the step of boycott on thebasis of his own principles. No doubt most scholars and artisits feel antagonistic towardsoppression of every kind, but if that sense is to lead to an active boycott a third element of personal experience give final conviction to the act. My own sensibilities and intellectual orientation have always been attached to the liberal tradition. In 1960 I came face to face with the test of these beliefs. A return tour of two months in South Africa had been contracted two years previously. Fulfilment of this tour would have provided the smoother path, but I tu'ned in a direction that presented difficulties all the wasyFor I could not ignore or modifylsybeliefs; clearly msy action in aclepting or rejecting this tour would establish'their significance. ii had substantial material upon which to fasemy decision. In 1958 I had toured South Africa for two moethc.'Onthe pleasant voyage out by ship the disturbing news came through that Mr. Verwoerd had become Prime Minister.AI was certain then what this meant to South Africa. On my arrival t found confirmation of my certainty that his extremist racist policies were being put into effect. Shortly after my first concerts I initiated arrangements to give a recital for blatkS on their own location, the largest location at that time in South Africa, bar- J bouring 80,000 outside Port Elizabeth. The consent of the national government was required tor this recital. It was miraculously arranged overnight. The event was so unusual theta schpol holiday was declared in orderthat all students and chers on the location could attend. I was toldtht they had ntever heard'clasical' music, or a solo recital, least of all an all-Bach recital. The audience was all-black except for a couple of rows, reserved for white national government representatives. Although there is much to tell of my e periences in South Africa in 1958 I shall not relate theem here, It is s effieet to ay that-they strengthened my convictions. When 1 accepted a return tour and appointed the time for two years thenee my first lought was that worsening conditions would be close at hand by that time. In April 1960 the Sharpeville incident occurred while I was on tour in the United States. I was due to return to South Africa the following August. I knew suejdeniy that.a fundamental decision must be made. The South African tour was already fully booked, every'city allocated and all contracts signed for two months. I had looked forward greatly to being with many sympathetic friends in South Africa and having admired the awesome beauties of the country envisaged with the utmost pleasure my enlarged experience of these which thistour would bring. Financially it was the most rewarding country in which to tour at that time and artistically, the audiences had been wonderfully appreciative and kind. I realised I had -everything to lose, including the goodwill of my managers and public, were I not to return. I discussed the problem with South African fiends who were abroad at that time. I considered the-situations which would inevitasly confront me there. In 1958 I had been entertaineclat parties which included a number of South African government officials. Since then the problems of apartheid had hardened dlue to the tightening of official policy. On returning I would find myself again seated side by side witlthe very officials who approved and pyt into effect the racist horrors. In the end I found the choice made itself for me. My decision emerged from twbfundamental points, I could not compromise with my/own principles' and I hoped that my refusal of the tour' would notify the suppressed groups of South Africa and of the world that my heart and the principles of life which determine my acts are in sympathy 'with them and their needs. I sent acable to my managers informing them of my decision to cancel the tour. Pandemonium resulted, both nationally and internationally. I was the first artist to cancel a fully booked tour in South Africa. The managers were shocked into disbelief. Letters poured in from South Africans known and unknown to me. I am happy to say that most of the letters were positive, expressing the thoughts that if all artists were to cancel their South African engagements it might indeed make an impression on officialdom. I also received letters, in the-minority, which were vintdictive and angry, saying that I had no right to deprive those who wished to hear me perform. It was clear to me that I should never return while racist policies endured and in fact, despite recurring overtures, I have not done so. I wrote to the London Times stating my poition. One of the points I emphasised was that South Africa had ruled for apartheid, in contrast with .the United States which, despite its problems, had ruled for national integratiop. I closed the letter stating my view that the time had come when the unity of art and social morality had to be affirmed. Several months later a National Education Conference took place in South Africa in which certaip black edfucators were permitted to participate. Shortly after I was informed that one of them stood up in a public meeting and said, 'We appreciate deeply the artists who come here to give us of their art, but Miss Tureck, in cancelling her tour has given us faith.' , My mission was accomplished. In this way my beliefs were confirmed that cultural boycott is the firmest bridge of-connection and the most direct means of communication with thgjaearts and minds of those people who need us most. "We must listen to the rightful rulers of South Africa" Brigid Brophy writes: ('REFUSE to let my plays be performed in South Africa because none of the offers comes with a guarantee of non-segregated audiences; and the South African government refuses to let my most recent novels be sold there. YOu might suppose that the South African government and t were in perfect accord, at least on the point. of keeping South Africa unsullied by the ideas of Brigid Brophy. My paradoxical situation is, of course, a fragment of the larger paradox of the 'culturaf boycott', which consists of writers' suppressing ideas (their own, the only ones they have power over) as-a protest against the suppression of ideas, and which, being voluntary, is exercised only by writers Whose ideas would be likely, if loosed on South Africa, to subvert those prejudices of the ruling minority which the writers concerned oppose. If the South African government is right (as I deeply hope it is) in considering my new novel dangerous to it, ought I not, since my plays are no doubt made of the same subversive ingredients, to leap at every chance to have them performed - particularly before white-only audiences, since those are likely to contain the highest proportion of persons whose prejudices I should like to subvert? It looks a Jogical leap, but I don't think a foreign dramatist would be safe to make it, though a South African might. Books and plays are alike ambiguous, but a performed play has a double layer of ambiguity, because other minds (the producer's and performers') have to interpose between author and audience. A foreign dramatist who decided to break the boycott and set out single-handed to effect the conversion of South Africa by his dramatic powers of persuasion would lay on himself, at the very least, the duty of going to South Africa and securing his plays against distortion by producing them himself. Even then, he would have to weigh the effect of his plays on - his audiences against the effect on them of his breaking the boycott. Blacklegs always do wonders for the enemy's morale (i.e. his prejudices). So far as I can tell from a distance, the people who are campaigning inside South Africa against apartheid want us foreign playwrights to maintain the boycott The most subversive idea that could be introduced into South Africa at present is the idea that the people of the country are the best and the only rightful judges of how to run it. The most effective wae for a foreign dramatist to introduce that idea is to observe thq boycott so long as that is the form of support asked of him by the rightful rulers of South Africa. - Jessie's biographer protests on SA sales THE AUTHOR of a best-selling biography of Jessie Matthews, Michael Thornton, has protested against the sale of a paperback edition ofhis book in South Africa. He says: "I am opposed to the book going on sale where segrega. tion is practised - a police state. It'makes me feel sick to think of it" Michael Thornton has protested that thehodk's publishers, Hart Davis, MacGibbon, have ignored an undestanding that they would not agree to its being distributed in South Africa. Hart Davis, MacGibbon is owned by Granada. The book describes how Jessie Matthews herself decided not'to perform in South Africa because'of the apartheid system. It quotes her as explaining: "I cannot visit a country where human beings are not being treated as such. I was shocked by the treatment of coloured people."

S ro Itsusefulnesasasuryisnot informativeaccountsoftherevolti- ly ocessary to invent for the sake world's third or fourth largestplati- seriouslyimpaired bythe fact that tion An Mozambique. of dramatic effect. nVlvent itwasmadeffuryearsago,when Whileitisnotin the same class tanneled directly through Super- PortugalwasstiapowerinAfrica JeanMiddleton asotherfilms about political reFalconridge fa nadan "io Oil, whohave a 24% ihterest i andtheUnited States was still in pression, such as Z', it is nevertMg Multnatiimal byJohn the projecf, while the initial con- Vietnam*r; andin any case, the -heess wellworth seeing, and the Deverell and the Latin American struction was financed with the findings 'of subseqtiuent research are fact that thousands of people who Worlking Group. Published by help of an $8 million loan from the available i SIPRI yearbnoks. w n thenormalcourseof JamesLorimerandCompany. f. . F ilms.- wul o nth omlcoreO First National CiW Bank of NeW Thelastsection,'Proposals eventsthinktwice about apartheid, FALCONBRIDGENickelMines York-. isamultinationalcompanye Yoroea ConcerningtheArmsTrade,'is the The Wilby Coisptracy aregoingtoseeit,makeupfor ingutioaco ny prat- In Rhodesia, FAlconbridgeike weakest. Here is cited, for mample, Director: RalphNelson itsweaknesses. lemg out o)f atountry, Canada, other British and Americancon whichis atonce animperialist panies a beena com- the proposal for "agreements ter- L nu u b panies, hasbeen actively involved minating defence treaties between "THL C power in is own right and a in developing ihe country's mining producing and non-producing one of the first conmercially proresource colony', as the authors put industry, one of the key elements countries." (Why should such dis- duepilm to depict South Africa Pdm p iet it, of its infinitely more aggressive in the Smith regime's post-UDI crimination be made, in a world lic itis a brutal and violent and ambitious neighbour, the US economic strategy In 1972 it where militaryalliances exist?) pol- state whose security forces, From Tokyo tolohamesbug by 1n Falconbridge: Portruit ofa collaborated actively with the Another sggestion is for an inter- Yshooso serspa P vo pi iaw h i Canadian Mining Multnstriona Rhodesian Mining Promotion national register of Weapons pro- internationa boundarese e toandgun John Deverell and the Latin Corporation in investigating new ducedand weapons sold. (A similar ring dowinnocetsetatoinof-s n Americait Working Group suggest mineral deposits in the Umvuma scheme broke down in Germany in the course o eiminating the the Interfaith Centre on Corpoate that all multinational companies area, (ofentually exploited by - the thirties, when the Nazis pro- "terrorist threat." Responsibilty. Colies obtainable ultimately rel yupon the military Lonrho). " dcedarmsindefianceofagree- The film's audiencesre left in from ICCR, Room 566, 475 River-, strength and political influence of Despite this unconceaedwilling - ments and registers). A third little doubt about the driving side Drive, New York, N.Y. 10027. one particular nation-state to de- ness to lend a hand to the Smith Price $1; bulk rates available fend their interests. In the maorisfoarms embargoes, forcesbehindthe liberation struggle of cases, and particularly in Canada, regime, no actiori has been taken such as the League of Nations ern- as this is illustrated in the film. The READERS'of ANTI-APARTHEID f, against Falonbridge by the - bargo on Italy at the time of the question is rather whether -y are a country that has never enjoyed Canadian Government and in 973, ar ith Ethiopia, and the present likelyto take it seriously once arey ESofaNi-ar theI strategichopi,controlrsenoveryoits townoulthecethey NW ilb aiirwt h strategic control over its own the Canadian Departmeht of embargoonthesaleof ar'm to have left the cinema. scale and duration of British involvenatural resources, that power is-the Industry, Trade and Commerce, South Africa. (This method didn't .The film opens in the Cape Town ment in Southern Africa. American US, which uses the multinationals stated in a questionnaire that they save Ethiopia, and South Africa High Court with the release (looki ng links too have been well documentSmediumfor the coomic and 'had no knowledge of any Canadianfit) from ten years i ed in a number of publications. po lmanlt i ocontroedinvestmentsin Inthisattempttofindsolutiins prisonmenton Robben Island of Anti-apartheid groups in the governments. Rhodesia. thereportislimitedbyitsown theVie-Chairman of the " Black , Netherlands have-exposed Dutch Falconbridge's description of, This complicity of company and terms of reference. Many of its in- Congress" played by Sidney connections: France's commercial itself as a 'Canadian' company a government is again clearly alpparent consistencies of approach arise out Poitier Accompanied by a white and military interests are increasclaim which it has used to advan- in the case of Namibia, where of its own definition of the pro- miningengineer (Michael Caine), ingly well known. Yet one of the tage overseas in projectinga respon F-alconbridge is operating in direct bhem as "the degree to which the who gets caught upin events while most imporlant of South Africa's sible and humanitarian image of defiance of United Nations and major East-West arms race infects " on holiday in Cape Town, heets commercial partners - Japn -has itself- is in fact an illusion. Since International Court rulings. At the Third World countries," for by in- out to recover a secret ca: he of by and large escaped scrutiniy. 1967, the group has been controlled end of 1971 Falconbridge opened plication this statement dismisses diamonds amassed - decade earlier This study sets out to rectify bythe Superior Oil Companyof acopper mine40 milessouth of as no problem at all thb fafthat for the armingofthe liberation this omission, not by any dramatic Texas and the family of US million- Windhoeka the Omites Mining Col. te arms-prodtcing countries are fortes newdisclosures,butby systematiaire Howard B. Keck. During the (Pty) Ltd. The mineisoperatedin armed. Wilby,theexiled-Chairman of tally assenbling all theevidence on Cold War period of the 1950's, partnership with the South African I Intthe words of the report itself, the Congress, waits across the the commercial links between. orgialyaSouth Africa and Japan.Tersl Falco bridge, which had origially goverm n, who have a 25% stake "developing countis . . claim that gotswanaborderattheheadofa .otAfrindicThe result beenincorporatedin1928asa letheproject. theyhaveth"samerighttopossess guerrilla army. Te two men are s aninpthevprd Srival to thegiapt International B.E'1973,theOumitesmine t" yhv hesmr"tt-ous gerlaaryahpwomnae ianspoelivenictal t rNickl Co (NCO) attracted the -Bh ai e s armsasanydevelopedcountry." pursued remorselessly by BOSS, Japan's political and business estat brought Falonridge clear profits It is childish tdignore the fact whose agents, the epitomy of white blishments. Despite official backing of US government and of $3.2 million, representing a 57% that arms-producing count ies""of South Africa's paraoic fear of sub- 'Opposition' to apartheid, Japan has military strategists concerned at rate of return on assets, after tax. which South Africa is now one) are mersion in the tide of African in the past fifteen years contributed the political implicaions of INCO's The total payrollfor its 360 black ioften agrssors, Small countries nationalism, finally convince Caine to, and benefited from, the econodomrnation of the whrld nickel employees, however, amounted to under attack (as Vietnam was until of the justness of the Iafter's cause, mic stability of South Africa. market,Itistodaytheworld's lessthan$400,000. recently)havearighttoarms,and "The Wilby Conspiracy's" weak- The booklet details thescale of second lar,s c ickel producer. As in Rhodesia, no action has so havecertain insurgent movements ness is that technical inaccuracies (apanese involvement, In mannIn the Third World, Falcon- been taken by the Canadian govern- (likeFlELIMO). andacertainamountf - factoring idustry, in jointpartici. bridge is firmly established in two ment, despite the vote in favouf of Theworld is not three bat ohe, lold fantasy have been permitted to pation with South Africanconcerm main areas, the Dominican the United Nations'positionon and its majpr problem is not the detract from the political message in industrial developmentprojects RepublicandSouthernAfrica.It Naibia. armstradewiththethirdworld. ofthefilm, while no doubt enhanc- (including a strategically vital uranentered the former in 1955, at the The Latin AmericanWorking Farmore iniportant is the problem ing its box office appeal in the ium enrichment plant) and in trade. height of the Trujillo era, and has Group's meticulous study of of arms manufacture itself. opinion of its promoters. Ground- "In order to facilitate these mutually subseiuently constructed a flerro, Facoabridge is dedicated to "the - ing a helicopter by clinging to iti beneficial arrangements, the South nickel coiplex representing the p .olitical prisoners of the -Domn Mceambique,* iemir5ofa run ers undoubtdly makes a good African government decided in 1961 largest single expansionof the Republic anJ Namibia,and tothe Revolution:byJohnP ul. dealof dramatic effect, but there to confer on Japanese visitors the tocainitdtin statusof'honorarywhites'. It nickel in dsry to date in thei T 70's. mineworkersofthe world i n heir Pubishedbguin, "p are simpler ways of incapacitating almost defies belief that this acial Picking upon reactionary host struggle to forge bonds o solidarity" OHN Paul was a m ssion ry in these vulnerable machines,, slrwa s s bel y a t t governmentsforitsprojects ItisavividescripvisoftheneednrthernM,fqueform " The spectacle of Sidney Poitir s (Falconbridge was reported in 1974 for such solidarity in the face of the thirteen yearsiefore he left in 1969, making love to the irresistibe black business is business. to be opening negotiations with the power of internal capital and US and was therefore on the spot dentist in a cupboard, to the atcom- n.- Japan has notoriously been a PinochetregimeinChileforthe strategy, duringmuchoftheperiodof panimentof tribal drums, while the prime sanctions-buster in its trade drumspen whil theg Prime -bserie-strd development of large copper de- armed srug Ie. As an Anglican, he premises outside are searched by with Rhodesia. That would rake posits in thatcountry)makes MrgaretLing wasoutsidethePortagueseestablish- two BOSS agents, verged upon the an interesting study too, though excellent sense in terms of profits The Armse Trade and the Third nent, and was not always persona ludicrous, and must surely be cut doubtless the information is more andinvestmentstability.InSouth World:byStockholmInterriational grata. fromthe- version of the film current- carefully concealed. Africa; according to one of Peace Researchlnstitute. Published Hy being screened in South Africa Whether Rhodesia or South Falconbridge'slocal managers,rates byPelican ft. ,anythingbutpersonal memoirs, itself. ofreturnoninvestment'capital anditisafactual,day-by-day MichaelCaine,as the white sym- the words of the pamphlet, "Japan "make'aUSminingcompany's THISivan abridged version of a re- account of his oen experiences - pathiser and ultimately conseet to has almost from the day it first mouthwater." portmadebytheStockholmPeace joumeys,thescenery,detailsdf the African cause, is an unconvincing agreed to support the UN rholution Falconbridge's operations in Research Institute in 1971. Anyone diocesan organisation, brushes with character whioe ud-mouthed d spcondemning apartheid, violat pthe Southern Africa clearly illustrate wpnting a good reference book on thr Portuguese Police, conversa- spirit of this resolution andi de a the Canadian Government's unwill- the arms trade over the twenty tions with frihern who had teen by a series of miraculous escapes mockery of its own ofes ial policis ingness to pay anything more than years before 1971 will not-be dis- imprisoned and tortured, a shock- from c'ar smashes, BOSS traps and by its business pracd¢ce..', lip service to humanitarian and pro- appointed -the facts and figures in6g ecounter with a land mine, the like. gressive ideals voiced at the UN. In are there, distinction is made be- and-sooi. Thefilmstartsoutwellandno , Rupert Pennant.Rea South Africa itself, the group are tween weaponsused in external (t is a a' i n honest account as far doubt has- the best Of intentions, partners with the ubiquitous warfare lnd those used'in counter ot , 'but gets lost in a fantasy world of British company, Lonrho, in develp- insurgency operations; and there ing Western Platirm. a nickel- af . du people,butidoesn'tbegintofill - cinema violence and sex. In the the caseofSouthAfrica,truthismore platinum mine 35 rmles outside alliances involved in the arms need to, more systematic and horrific than fiction, and it is hard-Pretoria and destined, if forecasts traffic. triumphs -ir tenars 41ED SOUTH AFRIC Plese send m,-- copy/oopl.. of FOR T EIR TRIUMPHS AND FOR TH4EIR TEARS Add--p I .oelootroittnmeof-______SOCTOBER10-12. Operation Nallbia weekend Workshop. Sutherland Road Methodist Church, London W.9. Details from O.N., )RUNNER - radical Chghtwl THERE Will be Laughter- moods at magazine: the Parish Maga- for South Africa-iblues.Atwentythelbeti world,fo the Pom oster on South Africa by ' les and celebrations of revol- Brian Frost. Available from London Subscription (2.50 for 12 Ecumenical Centre, 35 Jermyn St., £1.25 for 6 Single copies L.ondon, S.W.. Price: 25o (including postage in UK). E NEWS -for non violent NAMIBIA NEWS, hi-monthly tion - eer fortnight 10~ journal of SWAPO, fighting South of non-violent struggles and African illegal colonialist occtoig alternatives. Information, pation of Namibia. £1 .S0 pa, from s, . .r.e21e25 Tabernfgle St., London is strategies for social change. E.C.2. "- rin N u,. Bullards Place, Oay Lonlrence Way Hall, London sber 8 9.30 am - uw.Tirnm uunwooay rs include Stephanie ion: 50p; students traaainst the National October 11 Assemble: Sloane Square.s 1.pm Bring placards-ard banners The AAM is seeking a Field Officer. Varied work includes organising students and local groups. Applications (including two referees and curriculum vitae) by October 13. Reply to AAM, 89 Charlotte St., London W.1 SECHABA, official organ of the African National Congress of South Africa, will be published quaprterly (80 pages) from'January 1976. Subscription: £2.50 a year NOTE NEW ADDRESS: Sechaba Publications, 1791. Lusaka, Zambia PHOTO CRAFT 4 Heath Street London N.W.3 ed byHammersmith, Photographic dealers and ton and Chelsea Trataes photographers ySW (Litho. PrNnters [TU all depts] Coerbige Works, Corbrige Crescent, .2 9DS from artwok'supplied Apartheid Movement, jointly wlen tove iirningnai /Anu-A^es4vs ...... F_ n ls~ atwo-day conferece on thestruggle fora free Zimbabwe. Topics covered will include the strusggle for independtence and majority runle, the crisis for white power, Biain' continuingresponsibility, the role of South Africa, the history o f t e liberation movementand the impactof\internationaiaction. Plans for campaigning work in Britain will also be discussed. Speakers include: Steven Macharaga, African National Council of Zimbabwe Guy Clutton-i fockDidymus , ,.utasat John Sprack, Anti-Apartheid Movement Chairman: Canon Peter Hall Dr. Mosley Please send conference papers and details to: NAME ...... ADDRESS ...... ORGANIlSATION.... I enclose f£...... ( per person, including refreshments) Overnight acc smmodatlionfor Oe tober 18 is required for ..... person(s) .i Pleaseturn to AM, 89ChariotteSt., London W1P 2DQ ANTI-APARTHEID MOVEMENT ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING Suniday October 26 'i0on - 5.3opm NUFTO Hall, Joc Fi LoeyWClF" ....L*ino* (neaes tb:Hom) Ch, ~q date for mso ' utins and nopminationis to the National Committee, Septembera 20 Open !o -members Only Further details: AAM. 89 Charlotte St., London W. 1. Tel.'01-580.8311 MEMBERSHIP FORM Join 111- Anti-Apartheid Movement and receive AWIl APARTHEID NEWS and regular iformation on anti-apartheid activities. MVEERSHIP: £2pa tudents F-1, APs 50p. AA NMWSUSRIT) only: £l.75, pa UK; 0.75 Euaarnqj land ouW&i Europe surha.e 47 ouse Europe ainial. * ...... - ... .: T iAtp:arted ent ,89Cha0lotteSt, Londo.. Wi '2DQ. Te!.O01.580531 ... Giro 5251350004 Organis Kensing Council