Lesson 01.01: Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology

01.07 DBA and Exam Module Study Guide

 Compare the difference between gross and microscopic anatomy  Identify the different roles of an anatomist & physiologist?  Name an example of a job function performed by both an anatomist & physiologist.

Lesson 01.02: Understanding Anatomy & Physiology

 If a transverse cut occurs, what two sections will the body divide into?  If a frontal cut occurs, what two sections will the body divide into?  If a sagittal cut occurs, what two sections will the body divide into?  Define and give an example of how your body maintains homeostasis  What role does metabolism play in helping control homeostasis?  How would we determine whether a bone is found in the axial or appendicular skeleton?  Provide an example for each of the following……..  Anterior  Posterior  Superior  Inferior  Lateral  Bilateral

Lesson 01.03: Tissues

 Which tissue is directly responsible for protecting our body from external sources, such as UV rays from the sun, water, and pathogens?  Where in your body are you likely to find epithelial tissue?  Which tissue is responsible for allowing movement to take place?  Which tissue is responsible for stimulating signals and reactions within your body?  How does your nervous and muscle tissue work together?  What is the primary use of stem cells in biotechnology?

1  Provide an example of how stem cells are used in our society.  In stem cell research, which human cell is the best choice for creating stem cells?  Which type of tissue is likely to be associated with your skin?  What would be some ethical issues involved with receiving animal organs as a replacement for human organs?  What would be ethical issues involved with stem cell research?  Name and briefly describe three examples of connective tissue.  Identify three functions of your epithelial tissue.  Which type of tissue is often extremely thin, and can consist of only one cell in thickness?  If connective tissue were to break down in the body, what would be some adverse health effects within the body?  What are 2 of the main functions of nervous tissue?  Where in the body are you likely to find connective and nervous tissue merging together?  Which tissues are lacking in blood supply?  If tissues lack blood supply, can they still receive oxygen? Explain  How can the death of one type of tissue affect other types of tissue in the body?

Lesson 1.04: The Skin

 Be able to identify the location and three functions from each of the following……  Epidermis  Dermis  Hypodermis  What role does melanin play in protecting our body?  How does our skin assist in controlling body temperature?

Lesson 1.05: The Human Skeleton

 Be able to identify the location of each bone, as well as whether it is from the axial or appendicular skeleton…………  Skull  Vertebrae  Ribs  Sternum  Femur

2  Humerous  Coxal Bone  Tibia  Pectoral Girdle  Pelvic Girdle  Phalanges  Metatarsals  Ulna  Radius  Patella  Carpals  Metacarpals  Scapula  Clavicle  Tarsus  Hyoid  Fibula  Describe, and give an example of the following types of bones……..  Short  Long  Irregular  Flat

Lesson 1.05 Honors: Bone Markings:

 On a diagram, be able to describe the function and find an example of each…….  Fossa  Crest  Tubercle  Foramen  Sulcus

Lesson 1.06: Bone Tissue:

 How are nutrients delivered to our bones?

3  What is the primary transport system to deliver nutrients and wastes in osteocytes?  If a large group of osteons joins together, what is the end result?  What role do osteoblasts play?  What role do osteoclasts play?  What role do osteocytes play?  What term do we refer to as the smallest unit of bone tissue?  What are the main structures found in Haversian canals?  What role will canaliculi play?  What type(s) of bone tissue are canaliculi found in?  If a bone is fractured or broken, which type of bone tissue is likely affected?  What are some causes of increased and decreased calcium levels in the blood?  Describe what causes a hematoma to form.  Which group of cells is responsible for helping grow bone tissue, and can be converted from stem cells?  What would the presence of high amounts of collagen indicate about a broken bone?  Identify some effects that would occur if there was damage to the canaliculi.  Describe what a deficiency of osteoblasts would result in.  Describe what a deficiency of osteoclasts would result in.