To Be and to Have Got

To be and to have got

To be I am - you are - He is - She is - It is - We are - You are - They are

To have - I have - You have - He has - She has - It has - We have - You have - They have

THE COMPARATIVE vs. THE SUPERLATIVE

COMPARATIVES SUPERLATIVES

For comparisons in larger Comparatives are used to groups, you must use the compare two things and to superlative. The MAIN USE highlight the superiority, superlative designates inferiority, or equality of extremes: the best, the one term compared to first, the worst, the last, another. etc.

SUPERIORITY a) Short adjectives: adj + Short & long adjectives: -ER THAN THE MOST + adjective Peter is taller than Sandra. This is the most pleasant b) Long adjectives: MORE + adj + THAN place on Earth! A Ferrari is more expensive than a Mini.

Short & long adjectives: AS... adjective... AS EQUALITY Doesn't exist English is as easy as German.

Short & long adjectives: Short & long adjectives: LESS + adjectif + THAN THE LEAST + adjective INFERIORITY July is less cold than This is the least interesting January. movie of the year!

NOTES:

Short adjectives: 1 syllable (eg: young) + 2-syllable adjectives ending in -y (eg: pretty) Long adjectives: all the other adjectives

COMPARATIVES: > If the adjective ends in "--y" the "y" becomes "i" : heavy --> heavier > If the adjective ends in "--e" only an "r" is needed: wise --> wiser > If the adjective ends with "single vowel + consonant" the consonant is doubled and one adds "--er" : big --> bigger > Some very common adjectives have irregular comparatives: good --> better | bad --> worse | far --> farther

SUPERLATIVES: Irregular forms: good --> the best  bad --> the worst  far --> the farthest

Past simple and continuous

SIMPLE PAST PRETERITE: BE + ING

* Affirmative: * All forms (regular & -> Regular verbs: BV + -ED irregular verbs): eg. We played football. we use the auxiliary BE in the past(WAS/WERE) + base -> Irregular verbs: please learn form ending in -ING: them SYNTAX eg. We ate a sandwich. eg. Were you playing football? * Questions & negation: use Yes, we were playing the auxiliary DID. football. eg. Did you play football? No, we weren't (were not) eg. No, we didn't play (did not playing football. play) football.

An action in the past, which A short action, which took was being done, when MAIN place in the past. It is often another short action USE dated. interrupted it. eg. In 1998, I went to Spain. eg. I was having a bath when the phone rang. QUANTITIES a) 1st match: SOME vs. ANY

SOME ANY

1) In positive sentences: I need some butter. 1) In questions: Is there any cheese left? 2) In questions when offering or requesting something that is 2) In negative sentences: there: There isn't any milk left. Could I have some water, please?

b) 2nd match: MUCH vs. MANY

MUCH MANY

MUCH + singular MANY + plural There is much traffic. There are many cars. COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

I) What is a countable noun? a) It is a noun which is for things we can count. Examples of countable nouns: table, bag, school We can say: one table, two tables... one bag, two bags...

b) It usually has a plural form: Examples: table > tables | bag > bags | school > schools

II) What is an uncountable noun? a) It is a noun which is for things we cannot count. Examples of uncountable nouns: tea, sugar, water, air, rice.

b) Uncountable nouns are often the names for abstract ideas or qualities. Examples: knowledge, beauty, anger, fear, love.

c) They usually do not have a plural form. They are used with a singular verb. Examples: we cannot say "sugars, angers, knowledges".

d) We cannot use a/an with these nouns. To express a quantity of one of these nouns, we use a word or expression like: some, a lot of, a piece of, a bit of, a great deal of...

Examples: He gave me a great deal of advice before my interview. They've got a lot of furniture.