Otitis Media, Sinusitis, Pneumonia, Meningitis

GRAM POSITIF

Coccus 1. Pneumococcal  Strep pneumonia  Otitis media, sinusitis, pneumonia, meningitis 2. Staphylococcal  S. aureus  Skin and soft tissue, musculoskeletal, respiratory tract infection, bacteremia, infective endocarditis, TSS, SSSS, device-related infection 3. Streptococcal and Enterococcal Table 136–1 Classification of Streptococci

Lancefield Representative Species Hemolytic Typical Infections Group Pattern A S. pyogenes Pharyngitis, impetigo, cellulitis, scarlet fever B S. agalactiae Neonatal sepsis and meningitis, puerperal infection, urinary tract infection, diabetic ulcer infection, endocarditis C, G S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis Cellulitis, bacteremia, endocarditis D Enterococcia: E. faecalis; E. Usually Urinary tract infection, nosocomial faecium nonhemolytic bacteremia, endocarditis Nonenterococci: S. bovis Usually Bacteremia, endocarditis nonhemolytic Variable or Viridans streptococci: S. sanguis; Endocarditis, dental abscess, brain nongroupable S. mitis abscess Intermedius or milleri group: S. Variable Brain abscess, visceral abscess intermedius, S. anginosus, S. constellatus Anaerobic streptococcib: Usually Sinusitis, pneumonia, empyema, brain Peptostreptococcus magnus nonhemolytic abscess, liver abscess

Basil 4. Corynebacterial  Diphteria 5. Listeria monocytogenes  Anaerob  Sepsis  CNS infection  Endocarditis  Gastrointestinal  Focal infection 6. Clostridium  Anaerob  Clostridium tetany  Clostridium botulinum  Gas gangrene GRAM NEGATIF Coccus 1. Meningococcal  Neisseria meningitidis  Diplococcus  Life threatening diseases : meningococcal meningitis and fulminant meningococcemia  Pneumonia, septic arthritis, pericarditis, urethritis, and conjunctivitis 2. Gonococcal  Diplococcus 3. Moraxella  Moraxella catarrhalis  Otitis media, sinusitis, bronchopulmonary infection

Coccobacillus 4. Haemophilus  Haemophilus influenzae  Hib meningitis  Pneumonia, COPD exacerbations, otitis media  Haemophilus ducreyi --> chanchroid

Miscellaneous 5. HACEK  Haemophillus, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Cardiobacterium hominis, Eikenella corrodens, Kingella kingae Basil 6. Legionella 7. Bordetella  Bordetella pertussis 8. Enteric  Escherichia coli  Klebsiella  Proteus  Enterobacter  Acinetobacter  Serratia  Citrobacter  Morganella and Providencia 9. Helicobacter pylori 10. Pseudomonas 11. Salmonellosis 12. Shigellosis 13. Campilobacter 14. Vibrio 15. Brucellosis 16. Tularemia 17. Yersinia 18. Bartonella 19. Donovanosis Gram Positif - Strep, Group A, B, C, G - Strep. Pneumoniae - Viridans strep - Strep. Milleri - Enterococcus faecalis - Enterococcus faecium - Staph. Aureus (MSSA) - Staph. Aureus (MRSA) - Staph. Aureus (CA-MRSA) - Staph. Epidermidis - C. jeikeium - L. monocytogenes Gram negatif - N. gonorrhoeae - N. miningitidis - M. catarrhalis - H. influenzae - E. coli - Klebsiella sp. - E. coli/Klebs sp ESBL+ - E. coli/Klebs sp KPC+ - Enterobacter sp. - Serratia sp. - Serrratia marcescens - Salmonella sp - Shigella sp. - Proteus mirabilis - Proteus vulgaris - Providencia sp. - Morganella sp. - Citrobacter sp. - Aeromonas sp - Acinetobacter sp. - Ps. Aeruginosa - B. (Ps.) cepacia - S. (X.) maltophilia - Y. eterocolitica - Legionella sp. - P. Multocida - H. ducreyi - C. freundii - C. diversus - F. tularensis - Brucella sp - V. vulnificus - Misc: - Chlamydophila sp - M. pneumoniae - Rickettsia sp - Mycobacterium avium Anaerobes: - Actinomyces - Bacteroides fragilis - P. melaninogenica - Clostridium difficile - Clostridium (not difficile) - Peptostreptococcus sp.

Penicillin - Peniccilllin G : o bagus untuk beberapa gram positif, kecuali staph aureus o bisa untuk beberapa anaerob (clostridium) o bisa untuk N. meningitidis Aminopenicillins - ampicillin / amoxicillin o gram positif, tapi tambah sedikit kekuatan ke gram negatif (salmonella, shigella, e. coli, h. influenza) - amoxiclav o gram positif o gram negatif o anaerob o tapi tidak untuk pseudomonas aeruginosa - ampisillin sulbactam o gram positif, negatif, anaerob o tdk pseudomonas antipseudomonas carbapenem - meropenem o gram positif, bisa untuk staph aureus (MSSA) o gram negatif o anaerob fluoroquinolones - ciprofloxacin o gram positif o lumayan bisa untuk strep, tapi yg UTI aja, tidak sistemik o kebanyakan gram negatif o bisa untuk pseudomonas aeruginosa - Levofloxacin o Gram positif o Gram negatif o anaerob