ABOUT BIOVALENTIA TABLE OF CONTENTS FOR AUTHORS Editorial Team Focus and Scope VOL 4, NO 1 (2018): MAY 2018 Author Guidelines Publication Ethics BIODECOLORIZATION OF TEXTILE INDUSTRIAL WASTE BY PDF Open Access Policy THERMOPHILIC BACTERIA Anoxybacillus rupiensis TS04 AND List of Reviewers Anoxybacillus flavithermus TS15 Journal History Muharni Muharni, Heni Yohandini, M Yunus Rivai

THE EXISTENCE SPESIES OF PASSIONFLOWER (Turnera subulata PDF J.E SM. AND Turnera ulmifolia L.) ON PALM OIL PLANT (Elaeis guineensis J.) AGAINST TO THE DIVERSITY OF ENTOMOFAG AND PLAGIARISM PHYTOPHAGE INSECTS DETECTION Ryan Hidayat, Chandra Irsan, Arum Setiawan

THE VALID SPECIES AND DISTRIBUTION OF STINGRAYS PDF (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) IN SOUTH SUMATERA WATERS, INDONESIA COPYRIGHT Muhammad Iqbal, Hilda Zulkifli, Indra Yustian AGREEMENT BIOVALENTIA SETTINGS OF TEMPERATURE AND TIME SAVING ON SEED PDF adopts the GERMINATION OF Magnolia champaca (L.) Baill. ex Pierre iThenticate Odetta Maudy Nuradinda, Sri Pertiwi Estuningsih, Harmida Harmida plagiarism detection software for article GROWTH RESPONSE OF Ganoderma sp. MYCELIUM TREATED PDF processing. WITH ROOT EXUDATES OF HERBACEOUS PLANTS Tiara Putri Rahmadhani, Suwandi Suwandi, Yulia Pujiastuti JOURNAL CONTENT METAL OF IRON (Fe) AND MANGAN (Mn) FROM WASTE WATER PDF Search COAL MINING WITH FITOREMEDIATION TECHNIQUES WITH BIOVALENTIA USING FLOATING FERN (Salvinia natans), WATER LETTUCE (Pistia Search Scope stratiotes) AND WATER-HYACINTH (Eichornia crassipes) REFFERENCE All TOOLS Mardalena Mardalena, Muhammad Faizal, A Napoleon Search EVALUATION OF LOCAL RECLAMATION DATA FOR PDF SUSTAINIBILITY INFRASTUCTURE FACILITIES (CASE STUDY OF Browse KLAWAS ZONE AND SUBAN ZONE IN POST COAL MINING AIR By Issue LAYU TANJUNG ENIM) By Author Johnnedy Gumanti, Edy Sutriyono, Salni Salni, Harnani Harnani By Title By Sections By Identify Types

E-ISSN: 2477-1392 Journal Help

FONT SIZE

BIOVALENTIA: Biological Research Journal © 2015-2019 Biology Department, Faculty BIOVALENTIA of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sriwijaya University is licensed under a INDEXED BY License Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International NOTIFICATIONS View Subscribe

GOOGLE SCHOLAR CITATIONS

Citation Since All Indices 2014 Citation 16 16 h-index 2 2 i10-index 0 0

biovalentia.mipa.unsri.ac.id/index.php/biovalentia/issue/view/6 1/2 5/4/2020 Editorial Team

USER HOME ABOUT LOGIN REGISTER SEARCH CURRENT ARCHIVES ANNOUNCEMENTS VISIONS Username Password Home > About the Journal > Editorial Team Remember me EDITORIAL TEAM Login

ABOUT BIOVALENTIA EDITOR-IN-CHIEF FOR AUTHORS

Editorial Team Sarno Sarno, Biology Department, Sriwijaya University, Indonesia Focus and Scope Author Guidelines Publication Ethics MANAGING EDITOR Open Access Policy Enggar Patriono, Biology Department, Sriwijaya University, Indonesia List of Reviewers Journal History EDITORIAL BOARD

Budi Setiadi Daryono, Biology Faculty, Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia Wilson Novarino, Biology Department, Andalas University, Indonesia PLAGIARISM Zazili Hanafiah, Biology Department, Sriwijaya University, Indonesia DETECTION Agus Purwoko, Biology Department, Sriwijaya University, Indonesia Arum Setiawan, Biology Department, Sriwijaya University, Indonesia Laila Hanum, Biology Department, Sriwijaya University, Indonesia Elisa Nurnawati, Biology Department, Sriwijaya University, Indonesia COPYRIGHT PEER REVIEWERS AGREEMENT BIOVALENTIA adopts the Syafruddin Ilyas, Biology Department, North Sumatera University, Indonesia iThenticate Sumardi Sumardi, Biology Departement, University of Lampung, Indonesia plagiarism detection Rudhi Pribadi, Marine Science Department, Diponegoro University, Indonesia software for article Zulkifli Dahlan, Biology Department, Sriwijaya University, Indonesia processing. Hilda Zulkifli, Biology Department, Sriwijaya University, Indonesia Hary Widjajanti, Biology Department, Sriwijaya University, Indonesia JOURNAL CONTENT Indra Yustian, Biology Department, Sriwijaya University, Indonesia Search SECTION EDITORS BIOVALENTIA Search Scope REFFERENCE Dwi Puspa Indriani, Biology Department, Sriwijaya University, Indonesia All TOOLS Doni Setiawan, Biology Department, Sriwijaya University, Indonesia Search Rahmat Pratama, Biology Department, Sriwijaya University, Indonesia Browse By Issue By Author By Title E-ISSN: 2477-1392 By Sections By Identify Types

Journal Help BIOVALENTIA: Biological Research Journal © 2015-2019 Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sriwijaya University is licensed under a License Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International FONT SIZE

BIOVALENTIA INDEXED BY NOTIFICATIONS View Subscribe

GOOGLE SCHOLAR CITATIONS

Citation Since All Indices 2014 Citation 16 16 h-index 2 2 i10-index 0 0

biovalentia.mipa.unsri.ac.id/index.php/biovalentia/about/editorialTeam 1/2

BIOVALENTIA : BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH JOURNAL e-ISSN: 2477-1392 Vol. 4 No. 1, May 2018

The Existence Spesies of Passionflower ( Turnera subulata J.E SM. and Turnera ulmifolia L.) on Palm Oil Plant ( Elaeis guineensis J.) Against to The Diversity of Entomofag and Phytophage Insects Ryan Hidayat, 1* Chandra Irsan, 2 Arum Setiawan 1

1 Student of Environmental Management Pascasarjana Sriwijaya University. 2 Lecture of Plant Disease department FP Sriwijaya University 3 Lecture of Biology department FMIPA Sriwijaya University

* Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (Hidayat, R). Peer review under responsibility of Biology Department Sriwijaya University

Abstract The research was purposed to inventory and identification types of entomofag and phytophage insects on Passionflower Plants in the area of PT. Tania Selatan part of Burnai Timur I . The area of research is ± 20 hectares, dominated by two species of Passionflower, there are Passionflower of Yellow Flower ( Turnera subulata J.E SM.) and Passionflower of White Flower ( Turnera ulmifolia L.). Entomofag and phytophage insects were collected using D-vaccum, and sweep net in every kind of Passionflower , started July until August 2017. The identification of entomofag and phytophage insects were done in the Laboratory of Postgraduate Sriwijaya Uni- versity. The results of the study were 8 orders, 34 families and 48 species on T. subulata plants, and 9 orders, 26 families, 36 species on T. ulmifolia plants. The value of diversity index from entomofag and phytophage insects in T. subulata were 2.912 plant and the value of diversity index from entomofag and phytophage insects in T. ulmifolia plants were 2.603. Keywords: Passionflower, Phytophage, Entomofag, Diversity Index,

Received: 22 March 2018, Accepted: 26 May 2018

production cost most cheaper (Suprainingsih, 2012). 1. Introduction Ecological conditions in oil palm plantations be- The oil palm plantation sector ( Elaeis guineensis long to the category of monoculture, there is only one J.) played an important role for national development, dominant plant species. Monoculture conditions in oil because it also can be the source of jobs field and as a palm plantations are an indication of poor ecology. Mon- source of foreign exchange. Palm oil is one species of oculture crops can lead to reduced biodiversity in the oil tropical and annual plants. Palm oil came from West Af- palm plantation ecosystem (Simanjuntak and Syarifudin, rica. This plant thrives in many countries including In- 2016). The low biodiversity in oil palm can lead to de- donesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Papua New Guinea. creased productivity of oil palm due to insect pest insects Palm oil began to be cultivated commercially in 1991. (Sembel, 2010). Andrian Hallet, a Belgian citizen, was the first person Pest attacks in Indonesia become the main prob- that pioneering the oil palm plantation business in Indo- lem in increasing the productivity of oil palm. Insect nesia (Masykur, 2013). Palm oil plants has the ad- pests are generally from the class of phytophage or plant- vantage on production rather than other plants oil. 1 ha eaters. Phytophage insects are plant-eating insects such as of palm oil can produce 5.000 kg crude oil or almost oil palm crops (Meilien and Nasamsir, 2016). Some of 6.000 liter of crude oil. As a comparisson, soybean the phytophage insects that become the main pest in oil plants and corn only able to produce around 172 to 440 palm are the fire worm ( Setothosea asigna ), the caterpil- liters per ha. The high productivity of palm oil plant and lar sac ( Mahasena corbatti ), and another caterpillar also long production period arround (22 years) make the Ryan et al, 2018 | Abstract 1

(Dasychira inclusa ) (Sinaga et al., 2011). The Attack len contents that can be an attraction for insects (Sari dan from Setothosea asigna and Mahasena corbatti can Program 2015). Nectar and pollen are sources of carbo- cause economically disadvantageous, because it general- hydrates, protein, fats, vitamin, essential minerals, it ly attack on the palm leaves. the leaves that have been needed by insects for their growth, development, system attacked by caterpillars can causing disruption photosyn- repair and for hypopharyngeal development stimulation. thesis in oil palm, 2 years after the attack will make the (Agussalim et al.,2017 ). The pollen in flowering plants productivity of oil palm become worse and the plant contains 16-30% protein, 1-7% starch, 0-15% free sugar, eventually died. therefore, it needs an effort to increase and 3-10% fat. Therefore, pollen can be used as a food the biodiversity in oil palm plantation area. for insect, especially larvae of the bees (Apidae), beetles, Increasing the biodiversity can be done by in- flies (Syrphidae and Anthomyiidae), Colembolla, some creasing the population of parasitoids in oil palm plants. Orthopteroids and butterflies (Kurniawati and Martono, Increasing the parasitoids can be done through conserva- 2015). tion by providing the feed and habitat for the parasitoid Phytophage insects are kind of animal that inter- imago (Utami et al., 2014). the plants which is contain- ested in plants. they make plant as a place to lay eggs, ing pollen can be use as feed providers and also be the shelters, as well as feed. Part of the plants that use as habitat of natural enemy populations (parasitoids and food by them include leaves, stalks, flowers, fruits, roots, predators). Polen can be use as food sources, shelter, and liquids and honey. Almost 50% of all types of insects are breeding place before the main host or prey come into plant-eaters, then the rest are insectivorous eaters. Phy- the planting area (Tyas et al., 2016). tophage insect is divided into two types, namely the outer Conservation techniques by planting T. subu- eater and the inner eater of the plant. The insect that eat lataare part of the improvement in biodiversity of oil the outer part of the plant have chewing mouth type, gen- palm which refers to ISPO (Indonesia Sustainable Palm erally eat the leaf's buds, stems, and almost all parts of Oil) and RSPO (Roundtable and Sustainable Palm Oil ). the plant. These insects are commonly included in or- The implementation of ISPO is mandatory (obligation) thoptera, lepidoptera, and coleoptera orders. Whether, the and RSPO implementation is voluntary (Angelika, insect which is eating inner plants generally eat by pierc- 2010). The implementation of ISPO and RSPO is very ing, sucking, and buckling. These insects generally be- important, related to the regulation of the agriculture long to the order lepidoptera, coleoptera and diptera. The Minister No.19 / Permentan / OT / 140/3/2011 on the order of diptera has the type of larvae which can pierce Guidelines for Sustainable Palm Oil Plantation in Indo- the parts of the plant (Hidayat, 2016). nesia. The implementation of ISPO and RSPO is able to Entomofag insects are kind of insectivorous ani- increase the competitiveness of palm oil in the world mals including insects phytophage (plant-eating) (Jumar, market, because i'ts application can improve the envi- 2000). Fitofag belong to insects that interested in plants, ronment and support life of the biodiversity (Panjaitan et to be a food sources and shelter. Part of the plants that al., 2014). can be utilized by phytophage insects include leaves, Passionflower ( T. subulata and T. ulmifolia ) are stems, twigs, stems, flower nectar and plant fluids kinds of flowering plants that can be habitat for preda- (Ledheng et al., 2016). Entomofag insects are divided in- tors and parasitoids (Kurniawati and Martono, 2015). to two groups, including predators and parasitoids. Preda- Flowering plants have ability to attract insects. This tor insects can be use as a pest control efforts, although plant acts as a feed sources and can be use as a place to they are non-specific (may prey on other insects). lay the egg. Flowering plants can attract the insect which is act as polinators and natural enemies. The presence of various types of insects are because of flowering plants 2. Materials and Method led to the formation of a more stable ecosystem and the balance of ecosystem components (Yuliadhi and Sudiar- This research has been done in oil palm planta- ta, 2012). tions PT. South Tania and Postgraduate Laboratory of Flowering plants have a flower attraction, includ- Sriwijaya University started from July to August 2017. ing the color and content. the flower's colour is an attrac- The research was using purposive sampling method, and tion for insects. Flowers also have many nectars and pol- the research location was divided into 2 regions. special-

Ryan et al, 2018 | 2. Materials and Method 2

itation A Area, there are 3 T. subulata Plants, and 3 T. ulmifolia Plants., and B area there are 3 Turnera Plants, and 3 T. ulmifolia Plants. = ∑ Collection of phytophage and entomofag insects Description: in each flower was using D-Vaccum Poulan PRO D = species dominance BVM200VS (Figure. 1) (swallow insects) and sweep ni = the number of individual species-i net (insect net). Each trap was applying in the morning, N = total number of individuals afternoon and has been observed too. Sampling entomofag and phytophage insects from the trap device was Criteria value of dominance index: performed 12 times for 6 weeks. The identification of D < 0,5 = No species domintes other species or stable entomofag and phytophage insects was identified by the structural community basis of morphological features. Books used for identi- D > 0,5 = There are species dominating other species or fication include: (Kalshoven, 1981), (Stary & unstable structural community Scblinger, 1967), (Venkataraman, 2010), (Zahradnik et al., 1991), and (Anderson, 1998). The index of species dominance,calculated by the formula (Odum, 1998)

a) b)

e = ′ H max Description: e = the evenness index

H' = the index of species diversity H max = the index of maximum diversity (ln S) S = number of species

Criteria value of fairness index: Figure 1. Insect collection tool (a) device D- Vaccum (b) sweep net’ E < 0,5 = The similarity between species is low, means the

The obtained data of Entomofag and phytophage individual wealth owned by each species is very insects are shown in tabular form. it has been used for de- much different termine the number of entomofag and phytophage insects. E > 0,5 = The similarity between species is relatively equal The data obtained has been also used for find out the in- or the number of each species is equal. dex of diversity from entomofag and phytophage insects at Passionflower plants. 3. Results And Discussion

The species diversity index (Shannon Index) (Magurran, 1. Number of Entomofag Species and Insects Fitofag 1998) , calculated by the formula: found in Turnera subulata cultivation.

′ = − The result of this study shows Passionflower plants that had been planted around palm trees can affect Description: the presence of entomofag species and phytophages. The H' = index of species diversity results also showed that entomofag species and phytophage pi = n i/N found in yellow flower of Passionflower plants (T. ni = number individual species-i subulata), classified into 8 orders, and 34 families and 47 N = total number of individuals species totally as much 319 insects (table 1) shows that the entomofag species that have been found inthe Turnera The index of species dominance, calculated by subulata plant is around 12 species and the phytophages Simpson formula (Indriyanto 2010),: Ryan et al, 2018 | 3. Results And Discussion 3 have 35 species.

Ryan et al, 2018 | 3. Results And Discussion 4

Table 1. Number of Entomofag Species and phytophage that have been found in Turnera subulata .

No. Order Family Genus/ species Turnera subulata 1 Araneae Oxyopidae Oxyopes javanus 2** Salticidae Paraphidippus aurantius 1** Thomisidae Misumonoides formisipes 2** 2 Coleoptera Chrymsommelidae Chrysochus auratus 2* Coccinellidae Epilachna sp 7** Harmonia testudinaria 6* Harmonia octomaculata 3** Melanochillus sp 4* Curculionidae Orchestes testaceus 1* Endomychidae Mycetina cyanipennis 2* Scarabaeidae Protetia fusca 1* 3 Diptera Calliphoridae Crymsomya sp 3* Limoniidae Eugnophomyia luctosa 2* Micropezidea Rainieria antennaepes 2* Platystomatidae Europsia sp 2* Tubanidae Tabanus sp 3* Syrphidae Helophillus pendulus 25** Tephritidae Bactocera cucurbitae 3* 4 Hemiptera Achantosomatidae Plautia affinis 4* Alydidae Leptocorisa oratorius 2* Arradidae Mezira membranaceae 1* Auchenorryncha Bothgoria ferruginea 4* Corridae Homoecellus marginellus 12* Flatidae Ricaniidae planthopper 4* Siphanta eberhardi 5* Pentatomidae Eochanthecona furcelatta 2** Sciocoris homalonatus 2* Phyrrhocoridae Dsydercus cingulatus 4* Rophalidae Corizus hyoscyami 1* 5 Hymenoptera Apidae Andrena nubecula 29* Apis dorsata 71* Xhylocopa apidae 2* Xhylacopa latreille 2* Formicidae Comfonotus sp 64* Dolichiderus thoracicus 6** Odontoponera sp 49* Halictidae Sphcodes davisii 3** Vespidae Ancistrocerus sp 9* Eupelmidae Eupelmus urozomus 4** Incheumonoidae Eurycryptus unicolor 1** Virgicnheumon digrasmus 4** 6 Lepidoptera Articiidae Amata polymita 1* Nhympahilidae Junonia orytha 1* Neptis hylas 4* 7 Mantodea Mantidae Hymenopus coronatus 7* 8 Orthoptera Accricidae Chlorochia prasina 1* Leopard grasshopper 1* Valanga nigricornis 1* Number of individuals 372 Entomofags 12 Phytopages 35 Number of species in Passionflower 47

Information: *Phytopages, **Entomofag

Ryan et al, 2018 | 3. Results And Discussion 5

The results showed that the presence of entomofag The result showed that the presence of entomofag at species and phytophage insects in T. subulata plants was Passionflower plant is influenced by the existence of phy- influenced by yellow color in the plant flower. The yellow tophage that act as a prey. Entomofag finds phytopage in- color of the T. subulata flower (Fig. 1) is a visual factor sects using chemical sensors that respond to smells. Ento- that attracted the fitofag insects. According Sunarno mofag insects know the presence of a fitofag insect based (2011) there are three visual characteristics of plants that on the phytophages's smell. based on Herlinda's research cause a plant selected by insects to lay eggs or as a food (2006), type of entomofag parasitoid and predators can sources including; the size, shape and quality of plant col- find prey or host because the smell that smells on the host ours. Based on Salarupa's research et al., (2016) yellow or prey. color in plants are able to invite entomofag species and phytophages. 2. Number of Entomofag and Phytophage that have been found in Turnera ulmifolia plantation.

The result showed that entomofag and phytophage insects that have been found in the yellow Passionflower

plants ( T. subulata ) are classified into 9 orders, and 26 families and 36 species with 223 tails (Table 2). In (Table

1) show that the entomofag found in T. subulata plants as Figure 1. Turnera subulata much 13 species and the phytophage insects have 23 species. Tabel 2. Number of Entomofag Species and phytophage that have been found in Turnera ulmifolia No. Ordo Famili Genus/ spesies Turnera ulmifolia 1 Araneae Oxyopidae Oxyopes javanus 1** Salticidae Paraphidippus aurantius 1** Thomisidae Misumonoides formisipes 2** 2 Coleoptera Coccinellidae Melanochillus sp 2* Curculionidae Orchestes testaceus 1* Endomychidae Mycetina cyanipennis 1* Scarabaeidae Protetia fusca 5* 3 Diptera Calliphoridae Crymsomya sp 3* Limoniidae Eugnophomyia luctosa 1* Muscidae Musca sarbens 3* Micropezidea Rainieria antennaepes 2* Tubanidae Tabanus sp 2* Syrphidae Helophillus pendulus 10** Eudorylas sp 1* 4 Hemiptera Achantosomatidae Plautia affinis 3* Auchenorryncha Bothgoria ferruginea 4* Corridae Homoecellus marginellus 3** Flatidae Ricaniidae planthopper 2* Pentatomidae Eochanthecona furcelatta 1** Phyrrhocoridae Dsydercus cingulatus 1** Reduviidae Sycanus versicolor 2** 5 Hymenoptera Apidae Andrena nubecula 20* Apis dorsata 50* Xhylacopa latreille 1* Formicidae Comfonotus sp 47* Dolichiderus thoracicus 7** Odontoponera sp 28* Vespidae Ancistrocerus sp 7** Eupelmidae Eupelmus urozomus 3** 6 Lepidoptera Articiidae Amata polymita 1* 7 Mantodea Mantidae Hymenopus coronatus 1** 8 Odonata Libellulidae Bracythemis contaminata 2** 9 Orthoptera Accricidae Chlorochia prasina 2* Leopard grasshopper 1* Melanoplus differentialis 2* Total of individals 223 Entomofags 13 Phytophages 23 Number of species 36 Information: * Fitofag Insect, **Entomofag Table 2 show that entomofag and phytophage in- Ryan et al, 2018 | 6 sects are commonly found in T. ulmifolia plants, the type entomofag and phytophage insects present in of Hymenoptera from Apis dorsata or bee (Figure 2) are Passionflower plant kind of phytophage that most founded in T. ulmifolia plants. the bees generally aims to meet the feed (pollen and Community characteristics Treatment Turnera subulata Turnera ulmifolia nectar). According to Wulandari et al., (2016) active bees Total individuals (∑) 372 223 take pollen and nectar in flowering plants which have a Index of diversity (H’) 2.912 2.603 Index of dominance (D) 0.091 0.125 role to improve the quality and quantity of these plant Index of evenness (E) 0.752 0.738 product. Increasing the quality and quantity of flower production can make this plant being a good living habitat for The results showed that the index of diversity of en- insects that act as natural enemies. tomofag species and phytophag insects on T. subulata plants was higher than T.ulmifolia . The diversity index of T. subulata has a value of 2.912 which is higher than T. ulmifolia with 2.603 diversity index value. Siregar et al.,(2014) Revealed that the diversity index useful to determinate the species richness the higher diversity leads to better species richness in the community. Table 3 show that T. subulata has the highnest species richness of both entomofag and fitofag. This highest value attributed to the higher yellow contained in the flower of T. subulata. Figure 2. Apis dorsata feed on nectar on Turnera ulmifolia plant

The results showed that entomofag presence the The result show dominance index of entomofag and Passionflower plant influenced by phytopage. The fitofag in T. subulata and T. ulmifolia is 0.091 and 0.125, entomofag species of the Thomisidae family, of the type resvectively. The value D is less than 0.5 (D<0.5). It Misumonoides formisipes or spiders are kinds of means that theare are no dominant species appears, on the entomofag that act as prey on Passionflower (Fig. 3). community is in a stable condition (Hidayat et al., 2016). According to Maramis (2014) Spider is an important The stable condition can be seen from a high amount of predator in controlling phytopage as pest, especially in fitofag followed by entomofag as its natural enemy. agricultural areas and plantations. The result reveal that the evenness indexs of fitofag and entomofag in T. subulata and T. ulmifolia is 0.725 and 0.738, resvectively . in the other words, E value is more than 0.5 (E>0.5). It means that the total eveness species or total individual of each species is nearly simi- lar. The higher eveness value lead to higher diversity. This phenomenon makes the ecosystem becomes more

Figure 3. Misumonoides formisipes prey on Apis dorsata stable (Odum, 1998). Thus, all of the species has a high probability to maintain is sustainability. 3. Index of diversity, dominance and evenness of entomofag and phytophage insects at Turnera subulata 4. Conclusion and Turnera ulmifolia crops. 1. Entomofag and Phytophage in T. subulata planted around palm trees belong to 8 orders, and 34 families The results showed that entomofag and phytophage and 48 species totally as much 372 insects. insects on Turnera subulata plants had higher values of 2. Entomofag and Insect Fitofag in T. ulmifolia plant is diversity index than Turnera ulmifolia in oil palm planted around palm trees belonging to 9 orders, and plantation areas (Table 3). 26 families and 36 species with 223 insects. 3. The abilty to retain the community of entomofag and Table 3. Index of diversity, dominance and evenness of phytophages insects in T. subulata is better than T.

Ryan et al, 2018 | 7

ulmifolia , its is prove by the high species diversity Schaltegger S, Beständig U. 2012. Corporate Biodiversity Management Hand- book: A Guide for Practical Implementation. BMU, Berlin. Sumner index value, T. subulata having index value as much J (ed). 2011. Asian Green City Index; Assessing the Envi- 2.912 and followed by T. ulmifolia as much 2.603. ronmental Performance of Asia’s Major Cities. Siemens AG, Mün- chen, Germany. Sembel D T. 2010. Pengendalian Hayati Hama- Hama Serangga Tropis Dan Gulma. Andi. Yogyakarta: 281 5. Acknowledgement Simanjuntak R M, Syarifuddin. 2016. Pengaruh Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit Ter- hadap Ekologi Serangga Polinator Pada Tanaman Mentimun We would like to thank for the PT. Tania Selatan (Cucumis Sativus L.). jurnal Biosains. 2(2):72-74 Sinaga M., Oemry S., dan Lisnawita. 2015. Efektifitas Beberapa Teknik Pen- Cabang Burnai Timur. gendalian Setothosea asigna Pada Fase Vegetatif Kelapa Sawit Di Rumah Kaca. jurnal Online Agroekoteaknologi . 3(2):634-641 Siregar A S, Bakti D, Zahara F. 2014. Keanekaragaman Jenis Serangga Di References Berbagai Tipe Lahan Sawah. Jurnal Online Agroekoteknologi . (2) 4:1640-1647 Agussalim, Agus A, Umami N, dan Budisatria I G S. 2017. Variasi Jenis Steenis V. 2006. Flora . Pradya Paramitha. Jakarta: 580. Tanaman Pakan Lebah Madu Sumber Nektar dan Polen Berdasarkan Sulistiyowati E, dan Rahayu D S.,. 2014. Pengaruh Pakan Tepung Sari Ter- Ketinggian Tempat Di Yogyakarta. Jurnal Buletin Peternakan. hadap Parasitisasi dan Pemangsaan Cephalonomia stephanoderis pa- 41(4):448-460 da Hypothenemus hampei . Jurnal Pelita Perkebunan . 30(1):25 -34 Anderson B P. 1998. The Insects Of Australia . Melbourne University Press. Sunarno. 2016. Pengendalian Hayati ( Biologi Control ) Sebagai Salah Satu Australia Komponen Pengendalian Hama Terpadu (Pht). Halmahera utara:1-6 Angelika Y. 2010. Kebijakan Pemerintah Indonesia Pasca Keluar Dari Roun Supraniningsih J. 2012. Pengembangan Kelapa Sawit Sebagai Biofuel dan dtable And Sustainable Palm Oil (Rspo). JOM Fisif . 2(2):11 Produksi Minyak Sawit Serta Hambatannya. Jurnal EKONOMI. 29 Arifin K. 2011. Penggunaan Musuh Alami Sebagai Komponen Pengendalian (321):10-16 Hama Padi Berbasis Ekologi. Jurnal Pengembangan Inovasi Per- Tyas I L M., Sari A P P., Saefi M., dan Adi W C. 2016. Distribusi Temporal tanian. 4(1):2946 Arthropoda Pada Tumbuhan Liar Krokot ( Portulaca oleracea L.) Di Asmani N. 2014. Kelapa Sawit Komoditas Unggulan Sumatera Selatan Yang Lahan Pertanian Tomat Desa. Prosiding Seminar Nasional II Tahun Ramah Lingkungan. [Makalah] . Seminar GAPKI Sumatera se- 2016, Kerjasama Prodi Pendidikan Biologi Fkip Dengan Pusat Studi latan:6 Lingkungan Dan Kependudukan (Pslk) Universitas Muhammadiyah Erniawati dan Kahono S. 2009. Peranan Tumbuhan Liar Dalam Konservasi Malang :755-763 Serangga Penyerbuk Ordo Hymenoptera. Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan . Tyas I L M., Sari A P P., Saefi M., dan Adi W C. 2016. Distribusi Temporal 10(2):195-203. Arthropoda Pada Tumbuhan Liar Krokot ( Portulaca oleracea L.) Di Herlinda S, Jaya A, Pujiastuti Y, Rauf A. 2006. Kapasitas Reproduksi, Lama Lahan Pertanian Tomat Desa. Prosiding Seminar Nasional II Tahun Hidup, dan Perilaku Pencarian Inang Tiga Spesies Parasitoid Liri- 2016, Kerjasama Prodi Pendidikan Biologi Fkip Dengan Pusat Studi omyza sativae. Jurnal Hayati . 13(4): 156-160 Lingkungan Dan Kependudukan (Pslk) Universitas Muhammadiyah Hidayat P. 2015. Serangga dalam Kehidupan Manusia: Teman Sekaligus Malang :755-763 Lawan. [Prosiding Seminar Nasional]. Perhimpunan Entomologi Utami R, Hari P, dan Purwatiningsih. 2014. Keanekaragaman Hayati Serangga Malang . 1-2:12 Parasitoid Kutu Kebul (Bemisia Tabaci Genn) dan Kutu Daun Indriyanto. 2010. Ekologi Hutan . Bumi Aksara. Jakarta:210 (Aphid Spp.) pada Tanaman Kedelai. Jurnal ilmu Dasar . 15(2): 81-89 Jumar. 2000. Entomologi Pertanian . Rineka Cipta. Jakarta:237 Ventakraman M. 2010. Indian insects and arachnids. Simova Education And Kalshoven, L.G.E. 1981 . Pest of Crops In Indonesia . Revised and translated by Research: India:566 P.A. van der Laan. Jakarta: PT Ichtiar Baru- Van Hoeve. Wulandari A P,Atmowidi T, dan Kahono S. 2016. Peranan Lebah Trigona Kurniawati N., dan Martono E. 2015. Peran Tumbuhan Berbunga Sebagai laeviceps (Hymenoptera: Apidae) dalam Produksi Biji Kailan ( Brassi- Media Konservasi Artropoda Musuh Alami The Role Of Flowering ca oleracea var. alboglabra ). Jurnal Agron . 45(2):197-204 Plantsin Conserving Arthropod Natural Enemies. Jurnal . Perlin- Yuliadhi K A., dan Sudiarta P. 2012. Struktur Komunitas Hama Pemakan Daun dungan Tanaman Indonesia. 19( 2):53–59 Kubis Dan Investigasi Musuh Alaminya). Fakultas Pertanian Univer- Ledheng L., Eno T., dan Atini B. 2016. Inventarisasi Serangga Predator Hama sitas Udayana Denpasar Bali-Indonesia . Jurnal. Agrotrop . Padi Pada Areal Pertanian Desa Letmafo Kecamatan Insana Tengah. 2(2):191-196 [Jurnal]. Bio – Edu : Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi . 1(2):24-26 Zahradink J, Severa F, Moravec J, dan Vana M.1991. The Ilustrated Book of Magurran A E. 1998. Ecological Diversity and Its Measurant. Princenton Uni- Insect. Great Britain:310 versity Press. New Jersey:256 8 Maramis, Redsway T D. 2014. Diversitas Laba-laba (Predator Generalis) pada Tanaman Kacang Merah (Vigna angularis) di Kecamatan Tompaso, Kabupaten Minahasa. Jurnal Bioslogos . 4(1):34-40 Masykur. 2013. Pengembangan Industri Kelapa Sawit Sebagai Penghasil Energi Bahan Bakar Alternatif dan Mengurangi Pemanasan Global (Studi di Riau Sebagai Penghasil Kelapa Sawit Terbesar Di Indone- sia). jurnal Reformasi. 3(2): 96-107 Meilin A dan Nasyamsir. 2016. Serangga Dan Peranannya Dalam Bidang Per- tanian Dan Kehidupan. Jurnal Media Pertanian . 1(1):18–28 Nasution S H., Hanum C., dan Ginting J. 2014. Pertumbuhan Bibit Kelapa Sawit ( Elaeis guineensis Jacq .) Pada Berbagai Perbandingan Media Tanam Solid Decanter Dan Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit Pada Sis- tem Single Stage. Jurnal Online Agroekoteknologi. 2(2):691-701 Odum E. 1998. Dasar-dasar Ekologi, Edisi Ketiga . Gadjah Mada University Press. Yogyakarta: 697 hlm. Panjaitan M., Syahrin A., Suhaidi., dan Siregar., M. 2014. Analisis Hukum Terhadap Kewajiban Sertifikasi ISPO (Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil) Dalam Kaitannya Dengan Pertumbuhan Investasi Di Indonesia (Studi Pada Pt. Rea Kaltim Plantation- Jakarta). jurnal USU Law . 2(2):43-61 Sari D A. 2015. Kajian Karakter Bunga Coffea arabica L. Terkait Dengan Kemungkinan Aplikasi Lebah Madu Lokal Sebagai Agen Penyerbuk . Jurnal matematika dan sains . 20(1):28-31 Ryan et al, 2018 | 8

The Existence Spesies of Passionflower (Turnera subulata J.E SM. and Turnera ulmifolia L.) on Palm Oil Plant (Elaeis guineensis J.) Against to The Diversity of Entomofag and Phytophage Insects By Arum Setiawan

WORD COUNT 4132 TIME SUBMITTED 23-NOV-2019 06:33AM PAPER ID 52324270

The Existence Spesies of Passionflower (Turnera subulata J.E SM. and Turnera ulmifolia L.) on Palm Oil Plant (Elaeis guineensis J.) Against to The Diversity of Entomofag and Phytophage Insects

ORIGINALITY REPORT

1% SIMILARITY INDEX

MATCH ALL SOURCES (ONLY SELECTED SOURCE PRINTED) ★media.neliti.com Internet 1%

EXCLUDE QUOTES ON EXCLUDE MATCHES < 1% EXCLUDE ON BIBLIOGRAPHY 1.41.

FORMAT PENILAIAN (VALIDASI & PEER REVIEW) LEMBAR HASIL PENILAIAN SEJAWAT SEBIDANG ATAU PEER REVIEW KARYA ILMIAH : JURNAL ILMIAH

Jurnal Artikel Ilmiah : The Existence Spesies of Passionflower (Turnera subulata J.E SM. and Turnera ulmifolia L.) on Palm Oil Plant (Elaeis guineensis J.) Against to The Diversity of Entomofag and Phytophage Insects Penulis Artikel Ilmiah : Arum Setiawan Identitas Jurnal Artikel Ilmiah : a. Nama Jurnal : BIOVALENTIA: Biological Research Journal b. Nomor/Volume/Hal :1/4/1-8 c. Edisi (bulan/tahun) : Mei/2018 d. Penerbit : Jurusan Biologi FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya e. Jumlah Halaman 8 Kategori Publikasi Jurnal Ilmiah : Jurnal Ilmiah Internasional Bereputasi (beri √ pada kategori yang tepat) Jurnal Ilmiah Internasional Jurnal Ilmiah Nasional Terakreditasi Sinta 1, Sinta 2 √ Jurnal Ilmiah Nasional Terakreditasi Sinta 3, Sinta 4 Jurnal Ilmiah Nasional Tidak Terakreditasi I. Hasil Penilaian Validasi : No. ASPEK URAIAN/KOMENTAR PENILAIAN 1. Indikasi Plagiasi 1 % 2. Linearitas Topik linier dengan bidang keilmuan biologi konservasi II. Hasil Penilaian Peer Review : Nilai Maksimal Jurnal Ilmiah (isikan di kolom yang sesuai) Nilai Akhir Nasional Yang Nasional Nasional Komponen Yang Internasional tidak Diperoleh Internasional Terakreditasi Terakreditasi Dinilai Bereputasi Terakredit (Maks 20) S1, S2 S3, S4 (Maks 40) asi (maks Maks 25 Maks 20 10)

Kelengkapan dan Kesesuaian unsur isi 2 2 jurnal (10%) Ruang lingkup dan kedalaman pembahasan 6 4 (30%) Kecukupan dan Kemutahiran 6 6 data/informasi dan metodologi (30%) Kelengkapan unsur dan 6 6 kualitas penerbit (30%) Total = (100%) 20 18 Kontribusi Pengusul (Penulis Pertama Anggota Utama = (0,4x18)/2 = 3,6 3,6 /Anggota Utama) KOMENTAR/ULASAN PEER REVIEW Paper terkait keberadaan spesies Turnera subulata di kelapa sawit. Isi paper sudah  Kelengkapan dan memenuhi kaidah-kaidah karya ilmiah, dan sudah sesuai dengan bidang biologi Kesesuaian Unsur: konservasi.  Ruang Lingkup dan Hasil penelitian dibahas cukup komprehensif dengan penyampaian pembanding dari Kedalaman temuan-temuan penelitian lainnya dan teori terkait. Referensi yang diacu dalam Pembahasan: pembahasan sudah cukup update untuk bidang kajian ini.  Kecukupan & Data-data hasil penelitian cukup baik dan didukung penjelasan dan gambar yang Kemutakhiran Data ditampilkan cukup menarik. Data didapatkan dengan menggunakan metode yang & Metodologi: standard.  Kelengkapan Unsur Penerbit Jurusan Biologi FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya berkualitas baik, dan jurnal & Kualitas Penerbit: terindeks di SINTA 4. Surabaya, 18 Mei 2020 Penilai 1

Prof. Hery Purnobasuki, M.Si., Ph.D. NIP 196705071991021001 Unit Kerja : Jurusan Biologi FST Unair Bidang Ilmu : Biologi Jabatan/Pangkat : Guru Besar/ Pembina Utama Madya FORMAT PENILATAN (VALIDASI & PEER REVIEW) LEMBAR .41. BASIL PENILATAN SEJAWAT SEBIDANG ATAU PEER REVIEW KARYA ILMIAH : JURNAL ILMIAH Jumal Artikel Ilmiah : The Existence Spesies of Passionflower (Tumera subuiata J.E SM. and Tumera ulmifolia L.) on Palm Oil Plant (Elaeis guineensis J.) Against to The Diversity of Entomofag and Phytophage Insects Penulis Artikel Ilmiah : Arum Setiawan Identitas Jurnal Artikel Ilmiah a. Nama Jumal : BIOVALENTIA; Biological Research Journal b. Nomor/Volume/Hal : 1/4/1-8 c. Edisi (bulan/tahun) :Mei/2018 d. Penerbit : Jurusan Biologi FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya ^Jumlah Halaman : 8 Kategori Publikasi Jumal Ilmiah Jumal Ilmiah Intemasional Bereputasi (beri ^ pada kategori yang tepat) Jumal Ilmiah Intemasional I I Jurnal Ilmiah Nasional Terakreditasi Sinta 1, Sinta 2 Juma] Ilmiah Nasional Terakreditasi Sinta 3, Sinta 4 I I Jumal Ilmiah Nasional Tidak Terakreditasi L Hasil Penilaian Validasi No. ASPEK URAIAN/KOMENTAR PENILAIAN 1. Indikasi Plagiasi 1 % 2. Linearitas U. Hasil Penilaian Peer Review : Nilai Maksimal Jumal Ilmiah (isikan di kolom yang sesuai) Nilai Akhir Nasional Yang Nasional Nasional Komponen Yang Intemasional tidak Diperoleh Intemasional Terakreditasi Terakreditasi Dinilai Bereputasi Terakredit (Maks 20) S1,S2 S3,S4 (Maks 40) asi (maks Maks 25 Maks 20 10)

Keiengkapan dan Kesesuaian unsur isi 2 2 jumal (10%) Ruang lingkup dan kedalaman pembahasan 6 6 (30%) Kecukupan dan Kemutahiran 6 6 data/informasi dan metodologi (30%) Keiengkapan unsur dan 6 6 kualitas penerbit (30%) Total = (100%,) 20 20 BIOVALENTIA: Biological Research Joumal. Vol. 4(1): 1-8. Mei 2018 Kontribusi Pengusul Penulis ke 3 dari 3 penulis. (Penulis Pertama Nilai maksimal 100%,. Nilai pengusul: (0,4 x 1 x 20)/2 = 4 /Anggota Utama) KOMENTAR/ULASAN PEER REVIEW • Keiengkapan dan Unsur lengkap dari abstrak hingga referensi. Kesesuaian Unsur: Ruang Lingkup dan Masih dalam mang lingkup bidangnya. Pembahasan cukup dalam dan mudah dipahami Kedalaman pembaca. Pembahasan: • Kecukupan & Kemutakhiran Data Data banyak dan bagus. Metode sesuai dengan tujuan penelitian. & Metodologi: • Keiengkapan Unsur Penerbit: Jumsan Biologi FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya. Penerbit cukup berkualitas & Kualitas Penerbit: karena lengkap. Yogyakarta, 10Iu|i2020

tanda tangafi Prof Dr. Suwamo HaHisusanto NIP 195411161983031002 Unit Kerja : Fakultas Biologi UGM Bidang Ilmu : Biologi Jabatan/Pangkat: Gum Besar/ Pembina Utama Madya

Table of Contents