DOCSLIB.ORG

An Outlaw's Diary Be the Diary of Our Sufferings

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

AN OUTLAW'S ' DIARY : REVOLUTION By CEC1LE TORMAY WITH A FOREWORD BY THE DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND 33 LONDON : PHILIP ALLAN & CO, QUALITY COURT BY THE SAME AUTHOR Crown 8vo. 6s. net. each THE OLD HOUSE : A Novel STONECROP : A Novel Published by PHILIP ALLAN &- CO. First published in 1923 PHIMf.O IN GIIKAT BRITAIN BY W. JOLLY AND SONS, LTD., ABERDEEN. TO A GENTLE VICTIM OF THE REVOLUTION MY UNFORGETTABLE MOTHER I DEDICATE THIS BOOK PREFACE IT was fate that dubbed this book An Out- for it itself outlawed at a time laws Diary , was when threat of death was hanging over every voice that gave expression to the sufferings of Hungary. It was in hiding constantly, fleeing from its parental roof to lonely castles, to pro- vincial villas, to rustic hovels. It was in hiding in fragments, between the pages of books, under the eaves of strange houses, up chimneys, in the recesses of cellars, behind furniture, buried in the ground. The hands of searching detectives, the boots of Red soldiers, have passed over it. It has escaped miraculously, to stand as a memento when the graves of the victims it describes have fallen in, when grass has grown over the pits of its gallows, when the writings in blood and bullets have disappeared from the walls of its torture chambers. And now that I am able to send the book forth in print, I am constrained to omit many facts and many details which as yet cannot stand the light of day, because they are the secrets of living men. The time will come when that which is dumb to-day will be at liberty to raise its voice. And as some time has now passed since I recorded, from day to day, these events, much that was obscure and incomprehensible has been cleared up. Yet I will leave the pages unrevised, I will leave the pulsations of those hours untouched. If I have been in the wrong, I pray the reader's indulg- ence. My very errors will mirror the errors of those days. vii viii PREFACE Here is no attempt to write the history of a revolution, nor is this the diary of a witness of political events. My desire is only that my book may give voice to those human phases which historians of the future will be unable to describe simply because they are known only to those who have lived through them. It shall speak of those things which were unknown to the foreign inspirers of the revolution, because to them everything that was truly Hungarian was incomprehensible. May there survive in my book that which perishes with us : the honour of a most un- fortunate generation of a people that has been sentenced to death. May those who come after us see what tortures our oppressed and humiliated race suffered silently during the year of its trial. May An Outlaw's Diary be the diary of our sufferings. When I wrote it my desire was to meet in its pages those who were my brethren in common pain; and through it 1 would remain in communion with them even to the time which neither they nor I will ever see the coming of the new Hungarian spring. CECILE TORMAY. BUDAPEST, Christmas, 1920. FOREWORD " THE writer of this book tells us that here is no attempt to write the history of a revolution, nor is this the diary of a witness of political events." Nevertheless the fact remains that it contains much more than the personal experiences of an actor in one of the greatest tragedies that has occurred in recent history. If it were only that, its value would still be very great, for it is so vivid and dramatic a human document, and yet its style is so simple and so devoid " " completely of all frills or straining after effect, that it will appeal as much to those who like good literature and a moving tale for their own sakes, as to those who desire to understand a chapter of history about which little is known, but which yet throws a flood of light upon the great world movements of to-day. r To those ,w ho are interested in that inter- national revolutionary movement which, in one form or another, is threatening every civilized state to-day, this book will be invaluable. The course of events which led up to the revolution in Hungary was precisely similar to the course of events in Russia. In both cases there was a more or less open radical, socialistic, and pacifist movement working in conjunction with a hidden subversive movement. In Hungary the latter movement is described as "a pseudo-scientific organization of the Freemasons, the Internation- al Freethinkers' Branch of Hungarian Higher Schools, and the Circle of Galilee with its almost exclusively Jewish membership." ix x FOREWORD In both cases the way for revolution was pre- pared by an insidious propaganda in the work- shops and in the Army and Navy. In both cases the revolution was not the result of a spontaneous outburst of popular feeling but of a sinister conspiracy using the confusion and dis- couragement of a military disaster for its own ends. In both cases the first step towards the complete overthrow of Church and State was the erection of a bourgeois radical and socialist republic whose aim was to disintegrate and de- moralise as a preliminary to the coup d'etat :< which ushered in the dictatorship of the Proletariat." Russia had her Kerensky, Hun- gary her Karolyi. ' This book deals with Hungary's agony from the standpoint of one who experienced every its it deal one of phases ; does not with Hungary's resurrection from the grave of Bol- shevism, and it is here that the parallel with Russia ceases. The heart of Hungary was inertia sound ; the corruption, demoralisation and which have made Russia the plague-spot of humanity had not so deeply permeated the national life of Hungary. The race had too much vigour, too great a regard for its religion, its history, its traditions and its liberty to sub- mit for long to that soul-destroying tyranny. And yet and here is a lesson for the countries of Western Europe this nation, which, owing to its traditions and the character and pursuits of its people would have seemed less disposed than any other to submit to Communism, did for a time succumb to the despotism of a few criminal fanatics, a gang of mental and moral perverts. And the disaster was due not so much to the strength of the subversive influences as to the weakness and cowardice of the author- ities in Church and State and in Society at large. FOREWOED xi In a great industrial country like Great Britain there is far more favourable ground than there was in Hungary for the production of anti- social philosophies and the manufacture of revolu- insidious tionaries ; the danger from propaganda, from the failure of Government to govern, is no less but rather more than it was in Hungary. This book shows how appalling are the con- sequences of even a temporary overthrow of those bulwarks of civilisation, law, order and religion, and that mankind in the 20th Century is capable of reverting in a moment to the barbarism and anarchy of the Dark Ages. Russia, Italy, Hungary and Ireland have all in the past few years told the same tale. One of the greatest empires of the world now presents the picture of a society enduring a living death ; Hungary and Italy have saved themselves by their exertions and perhaps Europe by their example. Ireland's fate is trembling in the balance, but the corruption of a whole population, the systematic training of the youth of a country to exalt rebellion into a science and murder into a religion, can only have one result. If the cancer has been checked in some quarters, if the gangrene has been amputated here and there, the poison is still working through all the European body politic, not only in those outrageous forms which naturally arouse opposition in all decent and educated minds, but in those subtle forms which disguise themselves under the cloak of a spurious Christianity, a zeal for humanity, the brotherhood of man, and the inter- nationalism of Labour. The open and the hidden agitations subsist side by side and each plays into the other's hands. The ''Red" International of Moscow, the "Yellow" International of Amsterdam, the various shades xii FOKEWOKD of Socialism and Syndicalism, are all parts of one great subversive Movement though their adherents are not all aware of it, and the strings are pulled by the Secret Societies which during the past century have been behind every revolution in Europe. And, as this book reminds us, the only means of counteracting the danger is not by surrender or compromise, not by seeking new creeds and theories but in adherence to old ones, not by nursing illusions but by facing facts, by courage, by a steadfast regard for principles, by the faith of authority in its mission, by " strengthening the things which remain and are ready to die." NORTHUMBERLAND. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS THE AUTHOR IN HER STUDY . frontispiece REVOLUTIONARY SOLDIERS page 8 PAUL KERI AND VICTOR HELTAI M 10 EUGENE LANDLER ...... 12 COUNT STEPHEN TISZA . 20 COUNT MICHAEL KAROLYI . 26 KING CHARLES ...... 36 COUNT KAROLYI AND HIS ENTOURAGE 50 THE HOUSE OF PARLIAMENT . 58 " " KAROLYI STOOD ON THE STEPS . 60 SOLDIERS SWEARING ALLEGIANCE TO THE NA- TIONAL COUNCIL 62 JOSEPH PocANY ...... 70 COUNTESS KAROLYI .....
Recommended publications
  • The Purpose of the First World War War Aims and Military Strategies Schriften Des Historischen Kollegs

    The Purpose of the First World War War Aims and Military Strategies Schriften Des Historischen Kollegs

    The Purpose of the First World War War Aims and Military Strategies Schriften des Historischen Kollegs Herausgegeben von Andreas Wirsching Kolloquien 91 The Purpose of the First World War War Aims and Military Strategies Herausgegeben von Holger Afflerbach An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libra- ries working with Knowledge Unlatched. KU is a collaborative initiative designed to make high quality books Open Access. More information about the initiative can be found at www.knowledgeunlatched.org Schriften des Historischen Kollegs herausgegeben von Andreas Wirsching in Verbindung mit Georg Brun, Peter Funke, Karl-Heinz Hoffmann, Martin Jehne, Susanne Lepsius, Helmut Neuhaus, Frank Rexroth, Martin Schulze Wessel, Willibald Steinmetz und Gerrit Walther Das Historische Kolleg fördert im Bereich der historisch orientierten Wissenschaften Gelehrte, die sich durch herausragende Leistungen in Forschung und Lehre ausgewiesen haben. Es vergibt zu diesem Zweck jährlich bis zu drei Forschungsstipendien und zwei Förderstipendien sowie alle drei Jahre den „Preis des Historischen Kollegs“. Die Forschungsstipendien, deren Verleihung zugleich eine Auszeichnung für die bisherigen Leis- tungen darstellt, sollen den berufenen Wissenschaftlern während eines Kollegjahres die Möglich- keit bieten, frei von anderen Verpflichtungen eine größere Arbeit abzuschließen. Professor Dr. Hol- ger Afflerbach (Leeds/UK) war – zusammen mit Professor Dr. Paul Nolte (Berlin), Dr. Martina Steber (London/UK) und Juniorprofessor Simon Wendt (Frankfurt am Main) – Stipendiat des Historischen Kollegs im Kollegjahr 2012/2013. Den Obliegenheiten der Stipendiaten gemäß hat Holger Afflerbach aus seinem Arbeitsbereich ein Kolloquium zum Thema „Der Sinn des Krieges. Politische Ziele und militärische Instrumente der kriegführenden Parteien von 1914–1918“ vom 21.
  • BULGARIA and HUNGARY in the FIRST WORLD WAR: a VIEW from the 21ST CENTURY 21St -Century Studies in Humanities

    BULGARIA and HUNGARY in the FIRST WORLD WAR: a VIEW from the 21ST CENTURY 21St -Century Studies in Humanities

    BULGARIA AND HUNGARY IN THE FIRST WORLD WAR: A VIEW FROM THE 21ST CENTURY 21st -Century Studies in Humanities Editor: Pál Fodor Research Centre for the Humanities Budapest–Sofia, 2020 BULGARIA AND HUNGARY IN THE FIRST WORLD WAR: A VIEW FROM THE 21ST CENTURY Editors GÁBOR DEMETER CSABA KATONA PENKA PEYKOVSKA Research Centre for the Humanities Budapest–Sofia, 2020 Technical editor: Judit Lakatos Language editor: David Robert Evans Translated by: Jason Vincz, Bálint Radó, Péter Szőnyi, and Gábor Demeter Lectored by László Bíró (HAS RCH, senior research fellow) The volume was supported by theBulgarian–Hungarian History Commission and realized within the framework of the project entitled “Peripheries of Empires and Nation States in the 17th–20th Century Central and Southeast Europe. Power, Institutions, Society, Adaptation”. Supported by the Hungarian Academy of Sciences NKFI-EPR K 113004, East-Central European Nationalisms During the First World War NKFI FK 128 978 Knowledge, Lanscape, Nation and Empire ISBN: 978-963-416-198-1 (Institute of History – Research Center for the Humanities) ISBN: 978-954-2903-36-9 (Institute for Historical Studies – BAS) HU ISSN 2630-8827 Cover: “A Momentary View of Europe”. German caricature propaganda map, 1915. Published by the Research Centre for the Humanities Responsible editor: Pál Fodor Prepress preparation: Institute of History, RCH, Research Assistance Team Leader: Éva Kovács Cover design: Bence Marafkó Page layout: Bence Marafkó Printed in Hungary by Prime Rate Kft., Budapest CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .................................... 9 Zoltán Oszkár Szőts and Gábor Demeter THE CAUSES OF THE OUTBREAK OF WORLD WAR I AND THEIR REPRESENTATION IN SERBIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY .................................. 25 Krisztián Csaplár-Degovics ISTVÁN TISZA’S POLICY TOWARDS THE GERMAN ALLIANCE AND AGAINST GERMAN INFLUENCE IN THE YEARS OF THE GREAT WAR................................
  • Heritage, Landscape and Conflict Archaeology

    Heritage, Landscape and Conflict Archaeology

    THE EDGE OF EUROPE: HERITAGE, LANDSCAPE AND CONFLICT ARCHAEOLOGY by ROXANA-TALIDA ROMAN A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of Classics, Ancient History and Archaeology School of History and Cultures College of Arts and Law University of Birmingham May 2019 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. ABSTRACT The research presented in this thesis addresses the significance of Romanian WWI sites as places of remembrance and heritage, by exploring the case of Maramureș against the standards of national and international heritage standards. The work provided the first ever survey of WWI sites on the Eastern Front, showing that the Prislop Pass conflictual landscape holds undeniable national and international heritage value both in terms of physical preservation and in terms of mapping on the memorial-historical record. The war sites demonstrate heritage and remembrance value by meeting heritage criteria on account of their preservation state, rarity, authenticity, research potential, the embedded war knowledge and their historical-memorial functions. The results of the research established that the war sites not only satisfy heritage legal requirements at various scales but are also endangered.
  • 1 the Turks and Europe by Gaston Gaillard London: Thomas Murby & Co

    1 the Turks and Europe by Gaston Gaillard London: Thomas Murby & Co

    THE TURKS AND EUROPE BY GASTON GAILLARD LONDON: THOMAS MURBY & CO. 1 FLEET LANE, E.C. 1921 1 vi CONTENTS PAGES VI. THE TREATY WITH TURKEY: Mustafa Kemal’s Protest—Protests of Ahmed Riza and Galib Kemaly— Protest of the Indian Caliphate Delegation—Survey of the Treaty—The Turkish Press and the Treaty—Jafar Tayar at Adrianople—Operations of the Government Forces against the Nationalists—French Armistice in Cilicia—Mustafa Kemal’s Operations—Greek Operations in Asia Minor— The Ottoman Delegation’s Observations at the Peace Conference—The Allies’ Answer—Greek Operations in Thrace—The Ottoman Government decides to sign the Treaty—Italo-Greek Incident, and Protests of Armenia, Yugo-Slavia, and King Hussein—Signature of the Treaty – 169—271 VII. THE DISMEMBERMENT OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE: 1. The Turco-Armenian Question - 274—304 2. The Pan-Turanian and Pan-Arabian Movements: Origin of Pan-Turanism—The Turks and the Arabs—The Hejaz—The Emir Feisal—The Question of Syria—French Operations in Syria— Restoration of Greater Lebanon—The Arabian World and the Caliphate—The Part played by Islam - 304—356 VIII. THE MOSLEMS OF THE FORMER RUSSIAN EMPIRE AND TURKEY: The Republic of Northern Caucasus—Georgia and Azerbaïjan—The Bolshevists in the Republics of Caucasus and of the Transcaspian Isthmus—Armenians and Moslems - 357—369 IX. TURKEY AND THE SLAVS: Slavs versus Turks—Constantinople and Russia - 370—408 2 THE TURKS AND EUROPE I THE TURKS The peoples who speak the various Turkish dialects and who bear the generic name of Turcomans, or Turco-Tatars, are distributed over huge territories occupying nearly half of Asia and an important part of Eastern Europe.
  • Russian Origins of the First World War

    Russian Origins of the First World War

    The Russian Origins of the First World War The Russian Origins of the First World War Sean McMeekin The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press Cambridge, Massachusetts • London, Eng land 2011 Copyright © 2011 by Sean McMeekin All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in- Publication Data McMeekin, Sean, 1974– The Russian origins of the First World War / Sean McMeekin. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-674-06210-8 (alk. paper) 1. World War, 1914–1918—Causes. 2. World War, 1914–1918—Russia. 3. Russia—Foreign relations—1894–1917. 4. Imperialism—History— 20th century. 5. World War, 1914–1918—Campaigns—Eastern Front. 6. World War, 1914–1918—Campaigns—Middle East. I. Title. D514.M35 2011 940.3'11—dc23 2011031427 For Ayla Contents Abbreviations ix Author’s Note xi Introduction: History from the Deep Freeze 1 1. The Strategic Imperative in 1914 6 2. It Takes Two to Tango: The July Crisis 41 3. Russia’s War: The Opening Round 76 4. Turkey’s Turn 98 5. The Russians and Gallipoli 115 6. Russia and the Armenians 141 7. The Russians in Persia 175 8. Partitioning the Ottoman Empire 194 9. 1917: The Tsarist Empire at Its Zenith 214 Conclusion: The October Revolution and Historical Amnesia 234 Notes 245 Bibliography 289 Acknowledgments 303 Index 307 Maps The Russian Empire on the Eve of World War I 8 The Polish Salient 18 The Peacetime Deployment of Russia’s Army Corps 20 The Initial Mobilization Pattern on the Eastern Front 83 Russian Claims on Austrian and German Territory 91 “The Straits,” and Russian Claims on Them 132 Russia and the Armenians 167 Persia and the Caucasian Front 187 The Partition of the Ottoman Empire 206 The Eastern Front 219 Abbreviations ATASE Askeri Tarih ve Stratejik Etüt Başkanlığı Arşivi (Archive of the Turkish Gen- eral Staff).
  • Balkan Wars Between the Lines: Violence and Civilians in Macedonia, 1912-1918

    Balkan Wars Between the Lines: Violence and Civilians in Macedonia, 1912-1918

    ABSTRACT Title of Document: BALKAN WARS BETWEEN THE LINES: VIOLENCE AND CIVILIANS IN MACEDONIA, 1912-1918 Stefan Sotiris Papaioannou, Ph.D., 2012 Directed By: Professor John R. Lampe, Department of History This dissertation challenges the widely held view that there is something morbidly distinctive about violence in the Balkans. It subjects this notion to scrutiny by examining how inhabitants of the embattled region of Macedonia endured a particularly violent set of events: the Balkan Wars of 1912-1913 and the First World War. Making use of a variety of sources including archives located in the three countries that today share the region of Macedonia, the study reveals that members of this majority-Orthodox Christian civilian population were not inclined to perpetrate wartime violence against one another. Though they often identified with rival national camps, inhabitants of Macedonia were typically willing neither to kill their neighbors nor to die over those differences. They preferred to pursue priorities they considered more important, including economic advancement, education, and security of their properties, all of which were likely to be undermined by internecine violence. National armies from Balkan countries then adjacent to geographic Macedonia (Bulgaria, Greece, and Serbia) and their associated paramilitary forces were instead the perpetrators of violence against civilians. In these violent activities they were joined by armies from Western and Central Europe during the First World War. Contrary to existing military and diplomatic histories that emphasize continuities between the Balkan Wars of 1912-1913 and the First World War, this primarily social history reveals that the nature of abuses committed against civilians changed rapidly during this six-year period.
  • INSIDE the PART FIVE: a WORLD WAR the Telegraph PAT R I C K

    INSIDE the PART FIVE: a WORLD WAR the Telegraph PAT R I C K

    THE SUNDAY TELEGRAPH / JANUARY 5 2014 1 The Telegraph INSIDE THE Sunday, January 5, 2014 FIRST WORLD WAR PART FIVE: A WORLD WAR Sponsored by A MONTHLY 12-PART PATRICK NICK LLOYD TIM BUTCHER SERIES TO MARK BISHOP Amritsar massacre How brutal battles on THE WAR’S CENTENARY War in the furthest that marked the end the Eastern Front corners of the Empire of British rule in India changed history © IWM (Q 105525) 2 JANUARY 5 2014 / THE SUNDAY TELEGRAPH THE SUNDAY TELEGRAPH / JANUARY 5 2014 3 Sponsored by WELCOME CALL OF EMPIRE Patrick Bishop explores how, when the West went to war, so did nations from all corners of the Empire. P4-5 OUT OF AFRICA Anthony Richards, IWM head of documents, on a soldier’s letter home telling of a close shave in German East Africa. P6 he archetypal image GLOBAL WAR of the First World War is Alan Wakefield, IWM’s of the fields of Flanders head of photographs, illustrates how Europe’s and the horrors of trench colonial interests became Twarfare. Yet for two million soldiers a global struggle. P6-7 in Britain’s Commonwealth nations, their war took place thousands of LAMB’S VIEW Richard Slocombe, miles from the Western Front, in IWM senior art curator, on the Renaissance influence African bush and Middle Eastern behind Irish Troops in the desert, while on the 1,000-mile Judean Hills Surprised by a Turkish Bombardment Eastern Front that crossed Russia and by Henry Lamb MC. Eastern Europe, millions more died P8-9 in the clash of old against new orders.
  • War in the Balkans, 1991-2002

    War in the Balkans, 1991-2002

    WAR IN THE BALKANS, 1991-2002 R. Craig Nation August 2003 ***** The views expressed in this report are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. This report is cleared for public release; distribution is unlimited. ***** Comments pertaining to this report are invited and should be forwarded to: Director, Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, 122 Forbes Ave., Carlisle, PA 17013-5244. Copies of this report may be obtained from the Publications Office by calling (717) 245-4133, FAX (717) 245-3820, or be e-mail at [email protected] ***** Most 1993, 1994, and all later Strategic Studies Institute (SSI) monographs are available on the SSI Homepage for electronic dissemination. SSI’s Homepage address is: http://www.carlisle.army.mil/ssi/ ***** The Strategic Studies Institute publishes a monthly e-mail newsletter to update the national security community on the research of our analysts, recent and forthcoming publications, and upcoming conferences sponsored by the Institute. Each newsletter also provides a strategic commentary by one of our research analysts. If you are interested in receiving this newsletter, please let us know by e-mail at [email protected] or by calling (717) 245-3133. ISBN 1-58487-134-2 ii CONTENTS Foreword . v Preface . vii Map of the Balkan Region. viii 1. The Balkan Region in World Politics . 1 2. The Balkans in the Short 20th Century . 43 3. The State of War: Slovenia and Croatia, 1991-92.
  • Illusions of Glory—The Great War on the Eastern Front ADVANCED RULES and PLAY BOOK (Rev

    Illusions of Glory—The Great War on the Eastern Front ADVANCED RULES and PLAY BOOK (Rev

    Illusions of Glory—The Great War on the Eastern Front ADVANCED RULES AND PLAY BOOK (Rev. 2/18/2016) (Designer: Perry R. Silverman; Developer: Fred Schachter; Assistant Designer & Developer: Aaron H. Silverman) 18.0 Regions 29.0 Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 18.1 Movement and Regions 30.0 More Than Two Players 18.2 Control of Regions 30.1 Two AP Players 18.3 Combat and Regions 30.2 Two CP Players 18.4 Regions and Terrain 31.0 Introductory Game 18.5 Regions and Retreat 31.1 The 1914 Invasion of Serbia 18.6 Regions and Advance After Combat 32.0 Shorter Game Scenarios 18.7 Regions and Supply 32.1 From Mobilization to Limited War 19.0 Trenches 32.2 The Brusilov Offensive and Beyond 19.1 Building Trenches 33.0 Strategy Guide 19.2 Trench Construction Die Rolls 33.1 Allied Powers Strategy 19.3 Trench Levels 33.2 Central Powers Strategy 19.4 Removing Trench Markers 34.0 Strategy Card Histories and Notes 19.5 Trench Effects on Combat 34.1 Allied Powers Cards 20.0 Forts 34.2 Central Powers Cards 20.1 General Rules 35.0 Acknowledgments 20.2 Destroying a Fort 36.0 Bibliography 20.3 Besieging a Fort 20.4 Surrender of Besieged Forts 20.5 Forts and Supply 21.0 Flank Attacks 21.1 Restrictions on Flank Attacks 21.2 Forts and Flank Attacks 21.3 Pinning Spaces and Flank Attack DRMs 21.4 Resolving Flank Attacks 22.0 Assembling Units 22.1 Only LCUs Can Be Assembled 22.2 Composition of Assembled LCUs 22.3 How to Assemble LCUs 23.0 Rebellions and Revolution 23.1 Mechanics of Rebellion 23.2 Tracking National Will 23.3 Uprising Units 23.4 Russian Revolution 23.5 Collapse
  • The Kosovo Crisis: a Dostoievskian Dialogue on International Law, Statecraft, and Soulcraft

    The Kosovo Crisis: a Dostoievskian Dialogue on International Law, Statecraft, and Soulcraft

    The Catholic University of America, Columbus School of Law CUA Law Scholarship Repository Scholarly Articles and Other Contributions Faculty Scholarship 2009 The Kosovo Crisis: A Dostoievskian Dialogue on International Law, Statecraft, and Soulcraft Antonio F. Perez The Catholic University of America, Columbus School of Law Robert J. Delahunty Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.edu/scholar Part of the Comparative and Foreign Law Commons, International Law Commons, and the Military, War, and Peace Commons Recommended Citation Antonio F. Perez & Robert J. Delahunty, The Kosovo Crisis: A Dostoievskian Dialogue on International Law, Statecraft, and Soulcraft, 42 VAND. J. TRANSNAT’L L. 15 (2009). This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Scholarship at CUA Law Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Scholarly Articles and Other Contributions by an authorized administrator of CUA Law Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ARTICLES The Kosovo Crisis: A Dostoievskian Dialogue on International Law, Statecraft, and Soulcraft Robert J. Delahunty* Antonio F. Perez** ABSTRACT The secession of Kosovo from Serbia in February 2008 represents a stage in the unfolding of a revolution of "constitutional" dimensions in international law that began with NATO's 1999 intervention in Kosovo. NATO'S intervention called into question the authority and viability of the UN Charter system for maintaining internationalpeace. Likewise, the West's decision in 2008 to support Kosovo's secession from Serbia dealt another blow to the post-War legal rules and institutions for controlling and mitigating great power rivalry. Russia's later support for South Ossetia's secession from Georgia demonstrated the potential that the Kosovo precedent has for destabilizing the internationallegal order.
  • BULGARIA: HISTORY and POSTCOI^Munist TRANSITION

    BULGARIA: HISTORY and POSTCOI^Munist TRANSITION

    BULGARIA: HISTORY AND POSTCOI^MUNiST TRANSITION A Master’s Thesis by ADEMIZGO Department of International Relations Bltkent University Ankara July 2005 To My Wife, Gül BULGARIA: fflSTORY AND POSTCOMMUNIST TRANSITION The Institute of Economics and Social Sciences of Bilkent University by ADEM iZGU In Partial Fulfilment o f the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS m THE DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS BlLKENT UNIVERSITY ANKARA July 2005 ь е (Л . і9Ц Д О 5 Ь 092823 I certify that I have read this thesis and have found that it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Arts in International Relations. Asst. Prof Nur Bilge Criss Thesis Supervisor I certify that I have read this thesis and have found that it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Arts in International Relations. Asst. Prof Hasan Unal Examining Committee Member I certify that I have read this thesis and have found that it is fully adequate, in scope and in qualitTr^s a thesis for the degree of Master of Arts in International Relations. Asst. Prof Emef0sman?avusoglu Examining Committee Member Approval of the Institute of Economics and Social Sciences Prof Dr. Erdal Erel Director ABSTRACT BULGARIA: fflSTORY AND POSTCOMMUNIST TRANSITION izgii, Adem M.A., Department of International Relations Supervisor: Asst. Prof. Dr. Nur Bilge Criss July 2005 This thesis analyses establishment and transition of Bulgaria in chronological order, starting from the emergence of an independent Bulgarian kingdom in the Balkans to modem Bulgaria, mainly elabor^ing changes in the social-political, economic and foreign policy dimensions.
  • Anglo-American Views of Gavrilo Princip

    Anglo-American Views of Gavrilo Princip

    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Serbian Academy of Science and Arts Digital Archive (DAIS) UDC 930.85(4–12) ISSN 0350–7653 SERBIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES AND ARTS INSTITUTE FOR BALKAN STUDIES BALCANICA XLVI ANNUAL OF THE INSTITUTE FOR BALKAN STUDIES Editor-in-Chief DUŠAN T. BATAKOVIĆ Director of the Institute for Balkan Studies SASA Editorial Board JEAN-PAUL BLED (Paris), LJUBOMIR MAKSIMOVIĆ, ZORAN MILUTINOVIĆ (London), DANICA POPOVIĆ, BILJANA SIKIMIĆ, SPIRIDON SFETAS (Thessaloniki), GABRIELLA SCHUBERT (Jena), NIKOLA TASIĆ, SVETLANA M. TOLSTAJA (Moscow) BELGRADE 2015 Slobodan G. Markovich DOI: 10.2298/BALC1546273M Original scholarly work School of Political Science http://www.balcanica.rs University of Belgrade Anglo-American Views of Gavrilo Princip Abstract: The paper deals with Western (Anglo-American) views on the Sarajevo assassination/attentat and Gavrilo Princip. Articles on the assassination and Prin- cip in two leading quality dailies (The Times and The New York Times) have par- ticularly been analysed as well as the views of leading historians and journalists who covered the subject including: R. G. D. Laffan, R. W. Seton-Watson, Win- ston Churchill, Sidney Fay, Bernadotte Schmitt, Rebecca West, A. J. P. Taylor, Vladimir Dedijer, Christopher Clark and Tim Butcher. In the West, the original general condemnation of the assassination and its main culprits was challenged when Rebecca West published her famous travelogue on Yugoslavia in 1941. An- other Brit, the remarkable historian A. J. P. Taylor, had a much more positive view on the Sarajevo conspirators and blamed Germany and Austria-Hungary for the outbreak of the Great War.