Respiratory and Excretory Labs Due April 9Th

Name ______Date ______Hour _____

Respiratory and Excretory Labs Due April 9th

Lab 37 Due:______Lung volume Data Table 0 1 2 3 4 5 lab Analysis 0 1 2 3 4 5

HW Due:______Page 1 0 1 2 3 4 5

Total Points: 15 ______Lung Capacity Lab The amount of air that you move in and out of your lungs while breathing normally is called TIDAL VOLUME. This amount of air provides enough oxygen for a person who is resting. It is possible to inhale and exhale more forcefully - the maximum amount of air moved in and out of the lungs is called the VITAL CAPACITY. EXPIRATORY RESERVE is all the air still left in your lungs after a normal exhale. In this activity, you will be measuring the vital capacity, expiratory reserve and the tidal volume of your own lungs, this actual number can then be compared with a number derived from an equation that measures vital capacity. In effect, you are measuring an actual number, based on laboratory measurements, to a theoretical number, based on an equation. If you have any breathing difficulties (asthma or other condition), you should not participate in this activity, instead only take the data on your lab partner. Materials Balloons, metric ruler, meter stick, bathroom scale (optional)

Procedure: 1. Measuring Tidal Volume -- Stretch a round balloon several times to stretch it out. Inhale normally and then exhale normally into the balloon. Do not force your breathing. Pinch the end of the balloon and measure its diameter. Repeat this so that you have 3 total measurements and can take the average and record in the data table.

2. Measuring Vital Capacity - Repeat the procedure, only this time inhale as much air as you can and exhale forcefully. Record three measurements in the data table.

3. Measure Expiratory Reserve – Repeat the procedure, only this time exhale normally and without inhaling as you normally would, put the balloon in your mouth and exhale all the air still left in your lungs. Record the measurement in the data table. 4. Convert the diameters of tidal volume, vital capacity, and expiratory reserve to their lung volume in cubic centimeters using the graph and record this in the table. Then calculate and record your average for each of the three measurements.

Lung volume Graph DATA TABLE Balloon in Diameter Cm Lung Volume Cm3 Tidal Vital Expiratory Vital Expiratory Tidal Volume Volume Capacity Reserve Capacity Reserve Trial 1

3 4 5 Total

Average

ANALYSIS 1. Why is it important to measure tidal volume and vital capacity three times and then get an average?

2. Compare your data to other members of the class. How can you account for differences?

3. The following values were obtained through the use of a special machine called a spirometer. Note that these are average values:

Male Female

Vital Capacity 5000 cubic cm 4000 cubic cm

Expiratory Reserve 1200 cubic cm 1000 cubic cm

Tidal Volume 525 cubic cm 475 cubic cm

a) How does your average vital capacity compare to the value obtained by a spirometer?

b) Why might these numbers not agree? 4. A close relationship between height and vital capacity exists. Determine your actual vital capacity by taking your height and one of the following factors: 20 for females, 22 for female athletes, 25 for males, 29 for male athletes. (NOTE Your height in inches X 2.54 will give you your height in centimeters) and multiplying them together. Your height in cm x factor = Calculated Vital Capacity a) Are your calculated and experimental values (from lung lab) the same? Why or why not?

b) What is your breathing rate for one minute? (measure the number of times you breathe in or out in one minute)

c) How much air in cubic centimeters do you inhale in one minute? (use your average tidal volume)

5. How might an athlete's vital capacity compare to a non-athlete? Explain your reasoning.

APPLICATION 1. Examine the data table of a person who entered into a training program. This person's vital capacity was measured over a 60 day period. Use the data to construct a graph

DATA GRAPH Day of Vital Training Capacity

0 4800

10 4840

20 4890

30 4930

40 4980

50 5180

60 5260

2. What happened to the person's vital capacity over the course of the training period?

3. What probably caused the change?

4. How might vital capacity be important to a musician? HW for Respiration Animal Respiration 1. What substances do heterotrophs need for cellular respiration?

2. Label the following parts 1. 9. 2. 10. 3. 11. 4. 12. 5. 13. 6. 14. 7. 15. 8.

3. Explain the job of each part labeled above:

4. Explain internal respiration. What gas does this process deliver and which gas is picked up in this process deliver?

5. Explain in detail what occurs at the alveoli. 6. Describe, in detail, two topics we discussed that can be harmful to the lungs.