A Research Paper Oninternet of THINGS (Iot) in SUPPORT of SMART CITIES

A research paper onINTERNET OF THINGS (IoT) IN SUPPORT OF SMART CITIES "Two Day Multidisciplinary International Conference on “Internet of Things- World Scenario” On 22nd and 23rd February 2017.

Presented by Shalini puniya (09892372032) e-mail: [email protected]

INTERNET OF THINGS (IoT) IN SUPPORT OF SMART CITIES

Abstract: ______The Internet of Things is about installing sensors (RFID, GPS, laser scanners, etc.) for everything, and connecting them to the internet for information exchange and communications, in order to achieve intelligent recognition, location, tracking, monitoring and management. This paper describes the importance of online intelligence which helps in developing smart cities in the country. Smart city represents one of the most promising, prominent and challenging internet of things (IoT) applications in the last few years. Itincludes a high degree of information technology integration and a comprehensive application of information resources. A city whose network is a combination of internet, telecommunication, broadcast network, wireless broadband network and other sensor network is supposed to be a smart city itself. Main challenges in any of the normal city are population growth, increased vehicular traffic, increased water & electricity usage, infrastructure of buildings, roads, sewage, health and services etc. many smart city projects represent the aggregation of cyber-technologies to assist in solving cities’ challenges through IOT. We see the internet of things as a key enabler in the transformation towards smart cities in order to enhance the use of public resources, to increase the quality of services offered to citizens while reducing operational cost. The essential components of urban development for a smart city should include smart technology, smart industry, smart services, smart management and smart life. ______Keyword:Internet of things (IoT), Smart cities, online intelligence, cyber technologies, urban development.

CHAPTER 1

1.1) Introduction IoT refers to a technology that will make every possible device Internet ready. The Internet advancement will not only develop user-device relationship but it will also result in developing device to device relationship. As per Ericsson reports “IoT is set to overtake mobile phones as the largest category of connected devices by 2018”. A smart city is one which is equipped with different electronic elements employed by various applications such as street cameras for observation system; sensor for transportation system etc. “Smart city” is a term about which we are going to hear a lot more in the near future. But what are they?The idea is to embed the advances in technology and data collection so as to interact and get information from these smart systems using our smart phones, watches and other wearables. IoT is useful in planning of smart cities, and not just for communication networks but also for sanitation, transportation, healthcare, energy use and many more.

1.2) Research problem IoT-powered smart cities aim at effectiveness for operational performance, controlling and monitoring of the city, improving the quality of life and finally sustainable development. The idea of the study is to use of Smart Computing technologies to make the city’s administration, education, healthcare, public safety, real estate, transportation, and utilities-more intelligent, interconnected, and efficient”.

1.3) Objectives of the study

 The goal is to facilitate wider uptake of IoT based systems with an emphasis on sustainable smart city applications.

 To study the various IoT technologies used for creating a smart city.

CHAPTER 2

2) Literature review

2.1) IoT technologies for smart cities

IoT is a broadband network that uses standard communication protocol by using internet. The things involved in IoT consist of smart devices including mobile phones, appliances etc. some of the IoT related technologies are:

2.1.1) Radio Frequency identification (RFID)

RFID is a smart technology of tags by the help of which automatic identification of a product can be done. It provides unique digital identity to each product. This technology is mostly used in retail stores to maintain the efficient inventory management and reduced out of stock level.

2.1.2) Wireless sensor network (WSN)

A WSN can be described as the network of nodes that cooperatively sense and may control the environment, enabling interaction between persons or computers and the surrounding environment. Furthermore, WSNs could be integrated with RFIDs to obtain information regarding position, movement, temperature etc.

2.1.3) Real time information

Dynamic kiosks which display real-time information, concerning traffic, weather and local news so as to keep every passerby update of the surroundings. 2.1.4) Smart rerouting app

Available apps such as greenway and waze. Average person spends 60 hours in traffic each year. According to greenway these app calculate the best route for each driver to speed up traffic flow and reduce CO2 emission.

2.1.5) Wi-Fi

Wireless communication plays a critical role in all Smart City projects and cities very often start building a wireless network as a first step towards becoming a “Smarter City”. In order to automate any process and transfer information, we’re always in need of communication networks across the entire city.

2.2) Main Features of a smart city

The city of the future will provide citizens with a more comfortable life. Some advancements are already making their way into our urban environments and many others will come soon. Some highlights of the features that the city of the future will have.

2.2.1) Smart environment

Smart environment is "a small world where different kinds of smart devices are continuously working to make inhabitants' lives more comfortable." Smart environments aim to satisfy the experience of individuals from every environment, by replacing the hazardous work, physical labor, and repetitive tasks with automated agents. 2.2.2) Smart mobility

It consists of connected private transportation, traffic control, and optimization. Smart mobility can be facilitated through connected smart sensors, location-based applications and intelligent infrastructure, all working together to make traffic, driving and parking more efficient. (Bike sharing, car sharing, easily available transport, smart parking lot are some examples of smart mobility)

2.2.3) Smart economy Economic development of cities and towns has huge implications for making cities safe, resilient, and sustainable. Economic development of cities and towns has huge implications for making cities safe, resilient, and sustainable. Smart economy is the intersection between the economy and Smart Cities. Economic development of cities and towns has huge implication for making cities safe, resilient and sustainable. The realization of the Smart City requires extensive infrastructuresuch as investment in education and training, focus on attracting international trade, waste water treatment facility, reduced energy usage etc.

2.2.4) Smart governance

Making governance citizen-friendly and cost effective - increasingly rely on online services to bring about accountability and transparency, especially using mobiles to reduce cost of services and providing services without having to go to municipal offices. Forming e-groups to listen to people and obtain feedback and use online monitoring of programs and activities.

2.2.5) Smart people

Smart city is driven by its citizens. People of smart and developed cites are generally well- educated, well-informed, well-connected and in a reasonably secure financial position. Internets, smart phones, tablets linked to broadband provide them with the access, interconnectivity and enable them to live where and how they choose. Over time these citizen-driven changes results in the radical change in the economy.

2.2.6) Smart living “Smart Living or Living smartly”. Smart Living comprises of Smart Schools, Smart Hospitals, Smart Traffic Management, Smart Parking, Smart Water Management, Smart Waste Management, Smart Metering, Smart Grid, Smart Crime Control Management, Smart Disaster Management, Smart Integration and several other smart things, which requires the effective involvement of Smart People or Smart Citizens.

CHAPTER 3

3.1) research methodology The data has been collected through secondary means. Some latest technologies of IoTwhich are already in use by different companieshas been takenso exploratory and qualitative methods are being used. 3.2) data collection Secondary data has been collected basically from columns in newspapers, research publications; articles, books, journals, etc. mainly collectedScholarly articles of google scholar; website (http://scholar.google.com) which provides so many articles and researches.

CHAPTER 4 Research findings and conclusion An overview of importance of IoT in lieu of smart city as per “THE HINDU” publication What are smart cities, exactly? A 'smart city' is an urban region that is highly advanced in terms of overall infrastructure, sustainable real estate, communications and market viability. It is a city where information technology is the principal infrastructure and the basis for providing essential services to residents. There are many technological platforms involved, including but not limited to automated sensor networks and data centres. According to the documents released on the Smart Cities website, the core infrastructure in a smart city would include:

Adequate water supply

Assured electricity supply

Sanitation, including solid waste management

Efficient urban mobility and public transport

Affordable housing, especially for the poor

Robust IT connectivity and digitalisation

Good governance, especially e-Governance and citizen participation

Sustainable environment

Safety and security of citizens, particularly women, children and the elderly

Health and education

4.2) Conclusion This paper focuses on the development of smart cities and internet advancement. This study examines the background of internet of things in support of smart cities in various ways. With the help of “THE HINDU” article on smart cities it has been best tried to prove that how all the features used to make a smart city are important. In the chapter of literature review IoT related technology such as RFID, WSN, real time information, Wi-Fi etc. were discussed. Some main features were also discussed which plays vital role in developing a smart city.Therefore, if we as a responsible citizen want to see our country working smartly then we should stop blaming the system but to create a new and powerful system to set the benchmark for other nations.

4.3) References Article on “smart city: what are they” Source: http://smartcities.gov.in/online available at http://www.thehindu.com/specials/in-depth/Smart-Cities-What-are-they/article14336905.ece

Building smart and clean cities requires smarter governance (Column: Active Voice)report (online) available athttp://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/building-smart and- clean-cities-requires-smarter-governance-column-active-voice-116021500980_1.html

Wi-Fi and the Future of Wireless Sensor Networks, available at https://www.automationworld.com/wi-fi-and-future-wireless-sensor-networks 5 key technologies of a smart city news available at http://readwrite.com/2016/07/27/5-key- technologies-of-a-smart-city/

Iot-based Smart Cities: a Survey, Conference paper: The 16th IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering, (IEEE-EEEIC'16), Florence (Italy)., At Florence (Italy), online available at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301790173_IoT- based_Smart_Cities_a_Survey Smart Communities Internet of Things, pdf doc online available at http://cra.org/ccc/wp- content/uploads/sites/2/2015/01/SmartCity-whitepaper-v9.pdf