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State Laws Impacting Altered-Height Vehicles
State Laws Impacting Altered-Height Vehicles The following document is a collection of available state-specific vehicle height statutes and regulations. A standard system for regulating vehicle and frame height does not exist among the states, so bumper height and/or headlight height specifications are also included. The information has been organized by state and is in alphabetical order starting with Alabama. To quickly navigate through the document, use the 'Find' (Ctrl+F) function. Information contained herein is current as of October 2014, but these state laws and regulations are subject to change. Consult the current statutes and regulations in a particular state before raising or lowering a vehicle to be operated in that state. These materials have been prepared by SEMA to provide guidance on various state laws regarding altered height vehicles and are intended solely as an informational aid. SEMA disclaims responsibility and liability for any damages or claims arising out of the use of or reliance on the content of this informational resource. State Laws Impacting Altered-Height Vehicles Tail Lamps / Tires / Frame / Body State Bumpers Headlights Other Reflectors Wheels Modifications Height of head Height of tail Max. loaded vehicle lamps must be at lamps must be at height not to exceed 13' least 24" but no least 20" but no 6". higher than 54". higher than 60". Alabama Height of reflectors must be at least 24" but no higher than 60". Height of Height of Body floor may not be headlights must taillights must be raised more than 4" be at least 24" at least 20". -
§1920. Vehicle Frame Height §1920. Vehicle Frame
MRS Title 29-A, §1920. VEHICLE FRAME HEIGHT §1920. Vehicle frame height 1. Minimum and maximum frame end heights. A motor vehicle may not be operated on a public way or receive a certificate of inspection with a frame end height of less than 10 inches or with the frame end height lower than the vehicle was originally manufactured if originally manufactured to be less than 10 inches. A motor vehicle may not be operated on a public way or receive a certificate of inspection with a maximum frame end height based on the manufacturer's gross vehicle weight rating that is greater than: A. [PL 2005, c. 276, §2 (RP).] B. For a vehicle of 4,500 pounds and less, 24 inches in the front and 26 inches in the rear; [PL 1993, c. 683, Pt. A, §2 (NEW); PL 1993, c. 683, Pt. B, §5 (AFF).] C. For a vehicle of 4,501 pounds to 7,500 pounds, 28 inches in the front and 30 inches in the rear; [PL 2019, c. 335, §2 (AMD).] D. For a vehicle of 7,501 pounds to 10,000 pounds, 30 inches in the front and 32 inches in the rear; [PL 2019, c. 335, §2 (AMD).] E. For a vehicle of 10,001 pounds to 11,500 pounds, 31 inches in the front and 33 inches in the rear; and [PL 2019, c. 335, §3 (AMD).] F. For a vehicle of 11,501 pounds to 13,000 pounds, 32 inches in the front and 34 inches in the rear. [PL 2019, c. -
A Thesis Entitled Design, Analysis and Optimization of Rear Sub-Frame Using Finite Element Modeling and Modal Analysis by Gaurav
A Thesis entitled Design, Analysis and Optimization of Rear Sub-frame using Finite Element Modeling and Modal Analysis by Gaurav Kesireddy Submitted to the Graduate Faculty as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Science Degree in Mechanical Engineering _________________________________________ Dr. Hongyan Zhang, Committee Chair _________________________________________ Dr. Sarit Bhaduri, Committee Member _________________________________________ Dr. Matthew Franchetti, Committee Member _________________________________________ Dr. Amanda Bryant-Friedrich, Dean College of Graduate Studies The University of Toledo May 2017 Copyright 2017, Gaurav Kesireddy This document is copyrighted material. Under copyright law, no parts of this document may be reproduced without the expressed permission of the author. An Abstract of Design, Analysis and Optimization of Rear Sub-frame using Finite Element Modeling and Modal Analysis by Gaurav Kesireddy Submitted to the Graduate Faculty as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Science Degree in Mechanical Engineering The University of Toledo May 2017 A sub-frame is a structural component of an automobile that carries suspension, exhaust, engine room, etc. The sub-frame is generally bolted to Body in White(BIW). It is sometimes equipped with springs and bushes to dampen vibration. The principal purposes of using a sub-frame are, to spread high chassis loads over a wide area of relatively thin sheet metal of a monocoque body shell, and to isolate vibration and harshness from the rest of the body. As a natural development from a car with a full chassis, separate front and rear sub-frames are used in modern vehicles to reduce the overall weight and cost. In addition, a sub-frame yields benefits to production in that subassemblies can be made which can be introduced to the main body shell when required on an automated line. -
The Basics of Electricity and Vehicle Lighting the Basics of Electricity and Lighting
$200.00 USD Series of Self-Study Guides from Grote Industries The Basics of Electricity and Vehicle Lighting The Basics of Electricity and Lighting How To Use This Book This self-study guide is divided into six sec- down to expose the first line of the second tions that cover topics from basic theory of question. The answer to the first question is electricity to choosing the right equipment. shown at the far right. Compare your answer It presents the information in text form sup- to the answer key. ported by illustrations, diagrams charts and Choose an answer to the second question. other graphics that highlight and explain key Slide the cover sheet down to expose the first points. Each section also includes a short quiz line of the third question and compare your to give the you a measure of your comprehen- answer to the answer key. sion. At the end of the guide is a final test that In the same manner, answer the balance of is designed to measure the learner’s overall the quiz questions. comprehension of the material. The final exam at the end of this guide To get the most value from this study guide, presents a second test of your knowledge of carefully read the text and study the illustra- the material. Be certain to use the quizzes and tions in each section. In some cases, you may final exam. In the case of the final exam, fold want to underline or highlight key information the answer sheet as directed, and mail to the for easier review and study later. -
Owners Manual
19_GMC_Acadia_AcadiaDenali_COV_en_US_84139730A_2018APR13.ai 1 4/4/2018 1:02:16 PM 2019 Acadia/Acadia Denali Acadia/Acadia 2019 C M Y CM MY CY CMY K Acadia/Acadia Denali Owner’s Manual gmc.com (U.S.) 84139730 A gmccanada.ca (Canada) GMC Acadia/Acadia Denali Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/ Mexico-12146149) - 2019 - crc - 3/27/18 Contents Introduction . 2 In Brief . 5 Keys, Doors, and Windows . 28 Seats and Restraints . 55 Storage . 111 Instruments and Controls . 118 Lighting . 164 Infotainment System . 173 Climate Controls . 198 Driving and Operating . 205 Vehicle Care . 284 Service and Maintenance . 373 Technical Data . 386 Customer Information . 390 Reporting Safety Defects . 400 OnStar . 404 Connected Services . 412 Index . 416 GMC Acadia/Acadia Denali Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/ Mexico-12146149) - 2019 - crc - 3/27/18 2 Introduction Introduction This manual describes features that Helm, Incorporated may or may not be on the vehicle Attention: Customer Service because of optional equipment that 47911 Halyard Drive was not purchased on the vehicle, Plymouth, MI 48170 model variants, country USA specifications, features/applications that may not be available in your Using this Manual region, or changes subsequent to To quickly locate information about the printing of this owner’s manual. the vehicle, use the Index in the The names, logos, emblems, Refer to the purchase back of the manual. It is an slogans, vehicle model names, and documentation relating to your alphabetical list of what is in the vehicle body designs appearing in specific vehicle to confirm the manual and the page number where this manual including, but not limited features. -
Simplified and Fast Modeling of Automotive Body Frame
Simplified and fast modeling of automotive body frame Chungyang Gui1,2 and *†Wenjie Zuo1,2 1 State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, China 2 School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Jilin University, China *Presenting author: [email protected] †Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract At conceptual design stage, beam element is extensively used to create the frame structure of automotive body, which can not only archive the accurate stiffness but also reduce much design period. However, so far there is no perfect method to apply the beam element to create the automotive frame composed of the plate element. This paper presents a solution to this problem in order to help engineers to fast carry out the vehicle body problem at conceptual design stage. Firstly, formulations of geometric properties of complex section are reviewed. Secondly, the method of establishing the cross beam with reference to the midpoint deflection and mass of the plate is presented to simplify the plate with a higher precision. Thirdly, regarding the joint elements of vehicle body, the spatial semi-rigid beam element and its stiffness matrix are expressed. Lastly, a numerical example of car frame proves that the proposed method can analyze the stiffness of the body more fast and accurately. Keywords: Conceptual design, automotive frame, cross beam, plate element, semi-rigid beam element Introduction The design of automobile body can be divided into conceptual design stage and detailed design stage. Conceptual design is requisite during the whole design process and can reduce the design period and manufacturing risk for detailed design [1][2][3]. -
Chassis Frame and Body
UNIT 1 Chassis Frame and Body Structure 1.1 Introduction of chassis frame 1.2 Layout of chassis and its main components 1.3 Functions of the chassis frame 1.4 Types of chassis frame 1.5 Various loads acting on the chassis frame 1.6 Different bodies used in Automobiles 1.7 Requirement of bodies for various types of vehicles. Learning Objectives After studying this unit the student will able to learn about • Requirement of chassis frame • Types of Chassis frame • Loads acting on chassis frame • Layout of chassis and its parts • Different types of automobile bodies 1.1 Introduction of Chassis Frame Chassis frame is the basic frame work of the automobile. It supports all the parts of the automobile attached to it. It is made of drop forged steel. All the parts related to automobiles are attached to it only. All the systems related to automobile like powerplant,transmission, steering, suspension, braking system etc are attached to and supported by it only. 1.2 Layout of Chassis and its main components “Chassis” a French term which means the complete Automobiles without Body and it includes all the systems like power plant, transmission, steering, suspension , wheels tyres , auto electric system etc. without body. If Body is also attached to it them it is known as the particular vehicle as per the shape and design of the body. Shackel Front Shackle Frame R e a r D u m b spring Spring Iron Engine Gear box Rear Axle Radiator Clutch Propeller Shaft Side members Horizontal P e t r o l Member Tank Fig 1.1 Chassis 90 Automobile Engineering Technician 1.3 The Functions of the Chassis frame 1. -
BODY BUILDER INSTRUCTIONS Mack Trucks
BODY BUILDER INSTRUCTIONS Mack Trucks Chassis, Body Installation CHU, CXU, GU, TD, MRU, LR Section 7 Introduction This information provides specifications for chassis body installation for MACK vehicles. Note: We have attempted to cover as much information as possible. However, this information does not cover all the unique variations that a vehicle chassis may present. Note that illustrations are typical but may not reflect all the variations of assembly. All data provided is based on information that was current at time of release. However, this information is subject to change without notice. Please note that no part of this information may be reproduced, stored, or transmitted by any means without the express written permission of MACK Trucks, Inc. Contents: • “Body Mounting”, page 2 • “Specifications”, page 4 • “Bolt Hole Patterns”, page 7 • “Subframes”, page 14 • “Fasteners”, page 30 • “Frame”, page 45 • “LR Bumper Design and Requirements”, page 57 • “Fifth Wheel”, page 59 Mack Body Builder Instructions CHU, CXU, GU, TD, MRU, LR USA139374203 Date 7.2017 Page 1 (102) All Rights Reserved Chassis Body Mounting Body Mounting Considerations CAUTION The addition of a body to a vehicle frame must not adversely affect the safe operation and handling characteristics of the vehicle. When mounting a body to a particular type of chassis, the following design considerations must be considered for each type of chassis: • Accessibility to the various critical locations, including lubrication (grease) points and fuel tank. • Ease of removal of the various powertrain and suspension components. • Allow for rear wheel maximum spring movement. • Ensure proper ventilation and subsequent cooling of brake drums, and the battery within the battery box. -
32780 Body Alignment TG
AUTO BODY REPAIR BODY ALIGNMENT TEACHER’S GUIDE SHOPWARE® INTRODUCTION This Teacher’s Guide provides information to help you get the most out of Body Alignment. The contents in this guide will enable you to prepare your students before using the program and present follow-up activities to reinforce the program’s key learning points. As part of the 12-part series Auto Body Repair, the Body Alignment video provides an overview of the types of frame damage commonly found, and identifies basic wheel alignment angles., The program outlines procedures to properly align a damaged frame, and to correct misalignments in steering and suspension systems, with an emphasis on equipment and safety. After viewing this video and completing some of the learning activities included in this guide, students will be better prepared to properly align and repair frames as well as adjust steering systems, tires, and wheels. Use the Body Alignment video and accompanying activi- ties provided in this guide to teach students how to pull a frame back into alignment, how to use tire clues and other evidence to identify and fix misalignments of unitized and convention- al frames, and how to make adjustments to steering systems, as well as to tires and wheels. LEARNING OBJECTIVES After viewing the program, students will be able to: Describe the five different types of frame damage. Demonstrate a basic knowledge of body alignment repair operations and safety procedures. Explain procedures for correcting frame damage. Identify the correct tools to use given the task to be performed. Identify the five basic wheel alignment angles. -
VT-025) Completed, Signed, and Notarized
VERMONT Definitions Antique Vehicle. Exhibition vehicles to which “Antique Car” number plates are to be issued must be 25 years old or older to qualify Exhibition Vehicle. A motor vehicle which is maintained for use in exhibitions, club activities, parades, and other functions of public interest and which is not used for general daily transportation of passengers or property on any highway. Permitted use shall include: (1) use in exhibitions, club activities, parades, and other functions of public interest; and (2) occasional transportation of passengers or property not more than one day per week. Kit-Car. A commercially manufactured body and/or body and frame that may resemble a regularly manufactured vehicle or are vehicles whose body may be of a unique design but is manufactured to fit on a commercially manufactured frame. Homebuilt Vehicle: All homebuilt vehicles 1996 and newer registered as a pleasure car or truck must meet all the requirements of the inspection manual Rebuilt Motor Vehicle. A vehicle upon which a salvage certificate of title, parts-only certificate, or other document indicating the vehicle is not sold for re-registration purposes, has been issued and which has been rebuilt and restored for highway operation. Replica Vehicle. A body or frame commercially manufactured which resembles that of the original vehicle or duplicated vehicle and which retains the basic style and dimensions as originally manufactured and whose major components such as grill shell, hood and doors are readily interchangeable with the original component. Street Rod. A vehicle, the body and frame of which were manufactured prior to the year 1949 and which has been modified for safe road use, or a replica thereof which resembles that of an original pre 1949 vehicle and has also been modified for safe road use. -
Design, Validation, and Optimization of a Rear Sub-Frame with Electric Powertrain Integration THESIS Presented in Partial Fulfil
Design, Validation, and Optimization of a Rear Sub-frame with Electric Powertrain Integration THESIS Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By David Michael Walters, B.S. Graduate Program in Mechanical Engineering The Ohio State University 2015 Thesis Committee: Dr. Giorgio Rizzoni, Advisor Dr. Shawn Midlam-Mohler Copyright by David Michael Walters 2015 ABSTRACT Government regulations and consumer desire continue to aggressively push automotive manufacturers to improve the fuel economy and emissions of new vehicle designs. Vehicle weight reduction and the use of hybrid electric powertrains are becoming more commonly used methods for addressing a need for improved fuel economy and reduced vehicle emission. EcoCAR 2 is a three year collegiate design competition that involves 15 teams from universities across North America, competing to develop a vehicle with improved fuel economy and reduced emissions. Each team starts with a 2013 Chevrolet Malibu and replaces the powertrain with the primary objective being the reduction of fuel consumption and emissions. The team from The Ohio State University incorporated a rear electric powertrain featuring an electric machine and single-speed transmission into their vehicle architecture. This resulted in the need for a customized rear cradle to support the addition of a rear electric powertrain. An initial custom cradle design was created by modifying an existing steel rear sub-frame to accommodate the addition of the rear electric powertrain. However, in order to reduce total vehicle weight and thus improve fuel economy and reduce emissions, a reduced mass, aluminum rear cradle was created for Ohio State's final vehicle design. -
Sisu Truck Body Builder Manual.Pdf
Cover Record 2 Contents Cover..........................................................1 Record ............................................................................2 Regulations relating to the bodyworks of vehicles .............15 Machinery Directive (EC countries) ................................................15 Regulations given by the authorities ...............................................15 1 Truck, bodywork, machine ...............................................17 2 Bodywork categorization.................................................17 2.1 Bodyworks, group 1:..........................................17 2.1.1 Group 1 includes ................................................17 2.2 Bodyworks, group 2 ..........................................18 2.2.1 According to the Machinery Directive 98/37/EC ...........................18 2.2.2 Group 2 bodyworks ..............................................18 2.3 Vehicle/machinery ...........................................19 3 Regulations, Group 1 ...................................................20 3.1 Masses and main dimensions of vehicles and vehicle combinations in international traffic (EC countries).................................21 3.1.1 Trailer axle weight table, EU countries .................................22 3.1.2 Maximum laden masses of vehicles in the EU ............................23 3.1.3 Maximum laden masses of trailers in the EU .............................23 3.1.4 Maximum laden masses of combination vehicles in the EU ...................24 3.1.5 Vehicle,