A. Placing Things Into Orderly Groups Based on Similar Characteristics

Chapter 9 Outline I.Classification A. Placing things into orderly groups based on similar characteristics B. Why Classify 1. Know what species 2. Define traits 3. Study relationships between organisms

C. How Classify 1. Used to classify only either plant or animal 2. Carolus Linnaeus – founder of modern Taxonomy a) Taxonomy is the science of describing, naming and classifying organisms (1) Based on shape and structure 3. Classification Today a) 8 level system (1) Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genu, Species (2) Also used to show relationships

4. Branching Diagrams – see figure 2 on page 223 a) show similarities & difference between organism based on given traits (1) Organisms to right have trait (2) Organism to left do not have trait

D. Levels of Classification 1. 3 Domains – largest group (Archaea, Bacteria, Eukaryote) a) Based on cell type sand structure 2. Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

E. Scientific Names - Latin 1. Two parts Genus (capitalized) and species (not capitalized) 2. Simplified for understanding & consistencies a) Ex. Tyrannosaurus rex (tyrant lizard)

F. Dichotomous Key 1. Tool used to identify unknown organism by observable traits a. Paired statements describing a trait and you answer yes/no & go to next step until identify

G. Growing System 1. Still adding new organisms II. Domains & Kingdoms A. Classified by characteristics 1. Domains larges difference (3 Types – Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya) 2. Ex. Eugleniods – Protista a) Single celled like bacteria b) Green like a plant c) Whipping tail/flagella for movement like an animal d) Consumer like and animal

G. Domain Archaea 1. Kingdom Archaeabacteria a) Prokaryotes b) Extreme environments c) Unique cell wall from other prokaryotes

H. Domain Bacteria 1. Kingdom Bacteria a) Prokaryotes b) Found everywhere, soil, water and inside organisms

I. Domain Eukarya 1. All Eukaryotic cells and has 4 kingdoms a) Protista (1) Single celled or simple multicelled (2) Animal like (protozoans), plant like (Algae) or fungi like (slime mold) (3) Both asexual and sexual reproduction b) Fungi (1) Multicellular - Non green w/ no movement (2) Reproduces by spores asexually & sexually (3) Decomposers- absorbs nutrients c) Plant (1) Mulitcelled – cell walls made of cellulose (2) Producers – photosynthesis (usually green) (3) Cannot move around (4) Mostly sexual reproduction but some are asexual d) Animal (1) Multicelled – no cell wall (2) Ability to move- has sense organs (3) Consumer- heterotrophic (4) Sexual reproduction J. Strange Organisms 1. Some organisms are difficult to classify and new knowledge can lead to changes