Neuroscience and Behavior Application Practice

1. Professor Seif conducts research on the relationship between the limbic system and sexual motivation. Her research interests best represent the psychological speciality known as ______. 2. The part of the neuron that that transmits neural messages to other neurons or to muscles or glands is called the ______. 3. An all-or-none response patter is characteristic of the a. Release of endorphins into the central nervous system. b. Release of hormones into the bloodstream. c. Initiation of neural impulses. d. Activation of either the sympathetic or the parasympathetic system. e. Excitation of the antagonistic hormonal system. 4. Prozac, the drug commonly prescribed to treat depression, prevents the sending neuron from taking in excess serotonin. Which process does this drug prevent from taking place? 5. Jose has just played a long, bruising football game but feels little fatigue or discomfort. His lack of pain is most likely caused by the release of ______. 6. Some opiate drugs have molecular structures so similar to endorphins that they mimic endorphin’s euphoric effects in the brain, making these opiate drugs which kind of molecule? a. Endorphins b. Endocrines c. Antagonists d. Agonists e. Autonomics 7. A person with schizophrenia may have an overactive dopamine system. Drugs used to treat this disorder prevent the action of dopamine by keeping it from binding to its receptors. These drugs are called ______. 8. For you to be able to run, ______must relay messages from your central nervous system to your leg muscles. 9. Stimulated digestion is to inhibited digestion as the ______nervous system is to the ______nervous system. a. Somatic; autonomic b. Autonomic; somatic c. Central; peripheral d. Sympathetic; parasympathetic e. Parasympathetic; sympathetic 10. After a car swerves in front of you on the highway, you notice that your heart is still racing, even though you know you are no longer in danger. Why do the physical symptoms of fear linger even after we cognitively realize the danger has passed? a. Dopamine controls fear, and this chemical takes a certain amount of time to break down in your system. b. Endocrine messages tend to outlast the effects of neural messages. c. Excitatory neurotransmitters travel faster than inhibitory neurotransmitters. d. The parasympathetic nervous system is less effective than the sympathetic nervous system. e. The adrenal glands tend to act more quickly than the rest of the endocrine system. 11. If a professor accused you of cheating on a test, your adrenal glands would probably release ______into your bloodstream. 12. Too much dopamine has been associated with ______. 13. Too little dopamine has been associated with ______. 14. Too little serotonin has been associated with ______. 15. Too much glutamate has been associated with ______. 16. Too little GABA has been associated with ______. 17. The concentration of glucose in active regions of the brain underlies the usefulness of which brain- imaging technique? 18. To identify which specific brain areas are most active during a particular mental task, researchers would be most likely to make use of a(n) a. fMRI b. hemispherectomy c. ACh agonist d. Brain lesion e. MRI 19. The best way to detect enlarged fluid-filled brain regions in some patients who have schizophrenia is to use a(n) a. EEG b. MRI c. PET scan d. Brain lesion e. X-ray 20. The medulla is to the control of ______as the cerebellum is to the control of ______. 21. Your ability to experience the physical pleasure of a hot shower is most likely be disrupted by damage to your a. Corpus callosum b. Angular gyrus c. Hippocampus d. Amygdala e. Thalamus 22. When the cat’s amygdale is electrically stimulated the cat prepares to attack by hissing and arching its back. Which division of the nervous system is activated by such stimulation? a. Somatic b. Parasympathetic c. Central d. Sympathetic e. Sensorimotor 23. Addictive drug cravings are likely to be associated with reward centers in the ______. These reward systems would likely trigger the release of the neurotransmitter ______. 24. Miguel suffered a traumatic brain injury and is no longer able to form long-term memories. It is most likely that Miguel suffered damage to his ______. 25. The surgical removal of a large tumor from Dave’s occipital lobe resulted in extensive loss of brain tissue. Dave is most likely to suffer some loss of ______. 26. Karen loves getting massages; her ability to feel the pleasurable affects of this is enabled by her ______lobe. 27. To trigger a person’s hand to make a fist, Jose Delgado stimulated the individual’s a. Motor cortex b. Hypothalamus c. Sensory cortex d. Reticular formation e. Limbic system 28. The auditory hallucinations experienced by people with schizophrenia are most closely linked with the activation of areas in which brain area?

29. The region of your cerebral cortex that enables you to recognize a person as your own mother is a. Wernicke’s area b. The limbic system c. The angular gyrus d. Broca’s area e. An association area 30. After Terry lost a finger in an industrial accident, the area of his sensory cortex devoted to receiving input from that finger gradually became very responsive to sensory input from his adjacent fingers. This best illustrates ______. 31. A picture of a dog is briefly flashed in the left visual field of a split-brain patient. At the same time a picture of a boy is flashed in the right visual field. In identifying what she saw, the patient would be most likely to a. Verbally report that she saw a dog. b. Use her left hand to point to a picture of a boy. c. Verbally report that she saw a boy. d. Communicate that she saw a picture of a boy with a dog. 32. Research clearly suggests that personality traits (temperament) are more strongly influenced by ______. 33. Two plants are grown under the same environmental conditions, including the same soil conditions and the same amount of light and water, but one grows to 2 feet tall and other 1 foot tall. In this case, the heritability would be closest to a. 5 percent b. 25 percent c. 50 percent d. 80 percent e. 95 percent 34. Evolutionary psychologists would be most likely to predict that a. More people are biologically predisposed to fear guns than to fear snakes b. Children are more likely to be valued by their biological fathers than by their stepfathers. c. People are the most romantically attracted to those who are the most genetically dissimilar to them. d. Genetic predispositions have little effect on our social relationships. e. Environmental influences are more deterministic than genetic influences. 35. Which psychological perspective (approach) most directly addresses questions about the relative influences of nature and nurture? 36. Evolutionary psychologists have suggested that women prefer monogamy and men promiscuity in ensuring the survival of their genetic material. However, monogamous relationships can also be explained using an evolutionary perspective. This best illustrates which of the following criticisms of evolutionary psychology? a. Evolutionary psychology justifies traditional sexist attitudes. b. Evolutionary psychology undercuts moral responsibility for human behavior. c. Evolutionary psychology is based on a fatal flaw; just because the trait exists doesn’t mean it is adaptive. d. Evolutionary psychology works backward to propose an explanation in hindsight; thus, any behavior can be explained. e. Evolutionary psychology assumes that human behavior has been stable long enough for it to evolve.