DOCSLIB.ORG

G-2 Ouerations . Dur Ing Lfarch;^1917; MEMORANDUM FOR: the Director, 2D Yaar Class, Command and General Staff School, Port Leavenworth,Kansas

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
G-2 Ouerations . Dur Ing Lfarch;^1917; MEMORANDUM FOR: the Director, 2D Yaar Class, Command and General Staff School, Port Leavenworth,Kansas i IT;?A^:R; Y - H I;V S^-T^^B^Y j . " ' G-2 ouerations . dur Ing lfarch;^1917; MEMORANDUM FOR: The Director, 2d Yaar Class, Command and General Staff School, Port Leavenworth,Kansas. SUBJECT: A study of the British G-2 Operations during March, 1917, Palestine Campaign, World War. !• PAPERS ACCO24PANYING. 1. A "bibliography for this study. 2. A Chart, marked No. 1, showing probable intelligence organization. 3. Two maps showing location of the more important command posts just prior to the first battle of GAZA, and the situation at 6:30 Pit, 26 March 1917. THE STUDY PRESENTED. — .Was the organization for intelligence at British GHQ, the headquarters of the HEastern PorcefV also the HDesert Column11, such as would properly meet conditions as existed in March 1917, prior to and during the first battle of GAZA. III. HISTORICAL PACTS RELATING TO THE STUDY. ~ 1. At the olose of 1916 a British force kn*h as the HEastern Column11, under command of Lieutenant General Sir Charles Dobell, but operating directly under the control of General Sir Archibald Murray at Cairo, advanoed from the Suez Canal and by the end of February had reached El Arish, with a portion of the foree forward of Rafah, and with the cavalry occupying Khan Yunis. (l) This force as organized, consisted of three divisions of infantry (52d, 53d, 54th), two divisions of mounted troops (Australian: and New Zealand), The Imperial Camel Corps, and ai'jciliaries such as airplanes, armored oars, some tanks, and heavy artillery. (2) Following their defeat at Romani, remmants of the original Turkish forces opposed the advance of the British by fighting rear guard actions and delaying the advance at successive organized positions until finally reaching a partially organized position at Shellal, which they commenced to improve* \Z) Arrangements were made to attack the Turkish position at Shellal but on the 5th of March, British airplanes reported the enemy withdrawing from that position. The Turks, estimated at two and one half divisions,with some cavalry, withdraw to Gaza and Beersheba with forces between these two places. (4) The country Ahead was now clear for the advance of the British to the gateway of the Palestine. However, before any 3-112, 138. 5-276, 280. 8-185, 186. 9-38, 39) 1-28. 4-69. 8-186. 11-255) 3-107, 112. 5-277. 8-186* 12-111) 1-29. 5-277f 278, 280. 9-39) -1­ operations of consequence could "be undertaken^it would be necessary to await further extension of water and supply lines and to obtain information concerning the enemy and the terrain• (5) 2.Up to now the main dependence of British GHQ and of the forces in the field for information concerning enemy movements and dispositions was on the airplane• Especially important was the taking of aerial photographs to be used in the reproduction of necessary maps. About the 8th of March, Turkish airplanes of a new type and manned by excellent German p.il&tsy appeared on the front and obtained air superiority. (6) This made it necessary to rely more on other means of obtaining information, especially by mounted patrols, but the latter, like other operations could only extend a limited radius beyond water and supply points. (7) Light car patrols were first used with success at in January and demonstrated that the radius of reconnaissance could be extended beyond that of mounted patrols,although the importance of this means of obtaining and relaying information does not seem to have been realized during the Gaza operations.(8) It is probable that the organization for intelligence within General Murray1s forces in March 1917 was similar to that shown in Chart No. 1, appended. No similar organization, or at least no indication of any, existed at the headquarters of the Eastern Force (Army), the information collected by divisions and brigades in the field being transmitted to GHQ at Cairo for evaluation and dissemination in the form of intelligence. (9) 3. To prevent any further withdrawal of Turkish iorce, the British decided to attack Gaza as soon as practicable,or about the 25th-or 26th of March, depending on the arrival of the railhead at Raffah. (10) Shortly after the middle of March,operation plans of the Eastern Force for the attack on Gaza were approved by British GHQ. The British forces available consisted of about 22,000 effectives, (ll) Preliminary reconnaissances by aviation and ground patrols wiu&more or less limited just prior to the attack on Gaza. Prom reconnaissances and information obtained from inhabitants, prisoners, and GHQ,, it was estimated that the Turkish forces in the Gaza- Beersheba area were about 15,000 troops. 4000 were believed to be at Gaza, about 2000 at Beersheba, with the remainder within from ten to twenty miles of Gaza and located near Kuj, Abu Hureira, and Tel el Nejileh. (12) The decisive terrain feature in the vicinity of Gaza is an arroyo k/§mn as the Waddi Ghuzze. The Turks were in position in rear of this arroyo covering the approaches to Gaza and Beersheba with a system of detached strong points, partially organized, and on a front of about ten miles. (13) 5 1-27. 3-139. 5-278. 8-186. 10-66, 11-248) 6 3-9, 13, 109. 5-276. 7-88. 10-71. 11-262. 13-202) 7 3-19, 112. 8-186. 10-66) 8 3-122, 123, 140. 11-243, 287, 288, 293) 9 5-289,310. 6-1. 11-245, 246. 13-193) 10 (3-133. 5-278. 9-39. 11-248) 11 11-262, 265) 12 8-186. 11-253, 265. 12-126) 13 (8-186. 9-38. 11-263) -2­ The plan for capturing Gaza was to send mounted troops around the position to the east and north to hold off supporting columns, and cut off the retreat of the garrison, while a direct attack was to be made on the Turkish lines from the south with two infantry divisions in assault and one infantry division in reserve* (14) To'obtain secrecy and prevent Turkish intelligence from gaining information of contemplated operation, it was necessary to guard and restrict movements of the local inhabitants. (15) 4. The British concentrated in the vicinity of Rafah and the move forward by night marches was commenced on the 21st March. By midnight of the 25th the forces were disposed as follows: Australian and New Zealand Mtd Division - Deir el Belah 54th Division - In Seirat, 52d Division - Khan Yunis, 53d Division - Belah. For the attack/General Dobell assigned command of the Desert Column to General Chetwode, retaining command of the 54th Division himself. Both these commanders established headquarters together near In Seirat, on the Belah side of the Waddi Ghuzze, with some portion of General Dobell18 headquarters remaining at Rafah. Altogether, there seems to have been but three general staff officers available for both headquarters, comparable to that of an Array and Corps for operations. GHQ, was still in Cairo, some two hundred miles away, but General Murray, to keep in touch with General Dobell, had by the evening of the 25th, established an advanced headquarters in a railway train at SI Arish, with wire connections to Raffah. (16) Limited mean of communication established initially down to Brigades, consisted of wire, radio and helio. Due to scarcity of signal equipment, the extension of lines was seriously inadequate. The operation of radio was more or less nullified by the powerful Turkish station at Gaza. (17) A general reconnaissance of the Gaza position was made by mounted troops on the 25th. Behind the mounted screen staff officers made a personal and more detailed survey of the terrain* With the exception of this reconnaissance, no other ground reconnaissances were made this date, the troops remaining concealed with no movement during the day. (18) The move forward against Gaza from the Belah area was made the night 25-26th March. (19) If animals and troops were to exist, Gaza would have to be captured by dark of the 26th. (20) The main attack was not launched, however, until nearly noon due to delays caused by time taken out for reconnaissances, giving of orders, non arrival of units, and a heavy morning fog.(21) By nightfall the mounted troops had largely accomplished their mission of encircling Gaza and were in position to report or resist any advance of Turkish reinforcements from the north or east. (22; 14 5-281. 8-186. 12-126, 266) 15 11-259. 12-117) 16 # 17 5-285, 286, 288, 289. 9-39. 10-89* 11-266, 275, 277, 278. 13-lf 18 10-89. 11-292, 293) 19 5-284, 285* 10-84. 85. 11-263. 12-125) 20 9-39. 11-262. 263) 21 5-305* 8-186) 22 5-295, 256. 8-187. 9-39) 5-299f 303. 8-187. 11-270, 271) -3­ A small supply of the precious water had also "been located and reported, (23) The infantry, due to delays incurred, had not as yet penetrated the last defenses sufficiently to capture town* (24) To the forces in contact, and from information obtained from prisoners/it seemed certain that Gaza must soon fall, (25) That the situation within the garrison of Gaza itself was . desperateyis indicated by intercepted wireless messages between the garrison commander and higher headquarters* As the enenjy messages were intercepted they were quickly deciphered, translated, and the contents of at least four,telegraphed from GHty at Cairo to the headquarters of the Sastern Force at Rafah, prior to 6:30 PM. (26) Due to the distance from Rafah to advanced head­ quarters in the field and to lack of headquarters organization, these messages do not have seemed to have reached General Dobell or his staff in time to offset reports concerning the approach of Turkish reinforcements.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Appendix F Ottoman Casualties
    ORDERED TO DIE Recent Titles in Contributions in Military Studies Jerome Bonaparte: The War Years, 1800-1815 Glenn J. Lamar Toward a Revolution in Military Affairs9: Defense and Security at the Dawn of the Twenty-First Century Thierry Gongora and Harald von RiekhojJ, editors Rolling the Iron Dice: Historical Analogies and Decisions to Use Military Force in Regional Contingencies Scot Macdonald To Acknowledge a War: The Korean War in American Memory Paid M. Edwards Implosion: Downsizing the U.S. Military, 1987-2015 Bart Brasher From Ice-Breaker to Missile Boat: The Evolution of Israel's Naval Strategy Mo she Tzalel Creating an American Lake: United States Imperialism and Strategic Security in the Pacific Basin, 1945-1947 Hal M. Friedman Native vs. Settler: Ethnic Conflict in Israel/Palestine, Northern Ireland, and South Africa Thomas G. Mitchell Battling for Bombers: The U.S. Air Force Fights for Its Modern Strategic Aircraft Programs Frank P. Donnini The Formative Influences, Theones, and Campaigns of the Archduke Carl of Austria Lee Eystnrlid Great Captains of Antiquity Richard A. Gabriel Doctrine Under Trial: American Artillery Employment in World War I Mark E. Grotelueschen ORDERED TO DIE A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War Edward J. Erickson Foreword by General Huseyin Kivrikoglu Contributions in Military Studies, Number 201 GREENWOOD PRESS Westport, Connecticut • London Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Erickson, Edward J., 1950— Ordered to die : a history of the Ottoman army in the first World War / Edward J. Erickson, foreword by General Htiseyin Kivrikoglu p. cm.—(Contributions in military studies, ISSN 0883-6884 ; no.
    [Show full text]
  • General Sir William Birdwood and the AIF,L914-1918
    A study in the limitations of command: General Sir William Birdwood and the A.I.F.,l914-1918 Prepared and submitted by JOHN DERMOT MILLAR for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of New South Wales 31 January 1993 I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma of a university or other institute of advanced learning, except where due acknowledgement is made in the text of the thesis. John Dermot Millar 31 January 1993 ABSTRACT Military command is the single most important factor in the conduct of warfare. To understand war and military success and failure, historians need to explore command structures and the relationships between commanders. In World War I, a new level of higher command had emerged: the corps commander. Between 1914 and 1918, the role of corps commanders and the demands placed upon them constantly changed as experience brought illumination and insight. Yet the men who occupied these positions were sometimes unable to cope with the changing circumstances and the many significant limitations which were imposed upon them. Of the World War I corps commanders, William Bird wood was one of the longest serving. From the time of his appointment in December 1914 until May 1918, Bird wood acquired an experience of corps command which was perhaps more diverse than his contemporaries during this time.
    [Show full text]
  • The Western Front the First World War Battlefield Guide: World War Battlefield First the the Westernthe Front
    Ed 2 June 2015 2 June Ed The First World War Battlefield Guide: Volume 1 The Western Front The First Battlefield War World Guide: The Western Front The Western Creative Media Design ADR003970 Edition 2 June 2015 The Somme Battlefield: Newfoundland Memorial Park at Beaumont Hamel Mike St. Maur Sheil/FieldsofBattle1418.org The Somme Battlefield: Lochnagar Crater. It was blown at 0728 hours on 1 July 1916. Mike St. Maur Sheil/FieldsofBattle1418.org The First World War Battlefield Guide: Volume 1 The Western Front 2nd Edition June 2015 ii | THE WESTERN FRONT OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR ISBN: 978-1-874346-45-6 First published in August 2014 by Creative Media Design, Army Headquarters, Andover. Printed by Earle & Ludlow through Williams Lea Ltd, Norwich. Revised and expanded second edition published in June 2015. Text Copyright © Mungo Melvin, Editor, and the Authors listed in the List of Contributors, 2014 & 2015. Sketch Maps Crown Copyright © UK MOD, 2014 & 2015. Images Copyright © Imperial War Museum (IWM), National Army Museum (NAM), Mike St. Maur Sheil/Fields of Battle 14-18, Barbara Taylor and others so captioned. No part of this publication, except for short quotations, may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the permission of the Editor and SO1 Commemoration, Army Headquarters, IDL 26, Blenheim Building, Marlborough Lines, Andover, Hampshire, SP11 8HJ. The First World War sketch maps have been produced by the Defence Geographic Centre (DGC), Joint Force Intelligence Group (JFIG), Ministry of Defence, Elmwood Avenue, Feltham, Middlesex, TW13 7AH. United Kingdom.
    [Show full text]
  • The Proceedings of the Cambridge Historical Society, Volume 11, 1916
    The Proceedings of the Cambridge Historical Society, Volume 11, 1916 Table of Contents OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES .......................................................................................5 PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SEVENTH TO THIRTY-NINTH MEETINGS .............................................................................................7 PAPERS EXTRACTS FROM LETTERS OF THE REVEREND JOSEPH WILLARD, PRESIDENT OF HARVARD COLLEGE, AND OF SOME OF HIS CHILDREN, 1794-1830 . ..........................................................11 ​ By his Grand-daughter, SUSANNA WILLARD EXCERPTS FROM THE DIARY OF TIMOTHY FULLER, JR., AN UNDERGRADUATE IN HARVARD COLLEGE, 1798- 1801 ..............................................................................................................33 ​ By his Grand-daughter, EDITH DAVENPORT FULLER BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF MRS. RICHARD HENRY DANA ....................................................................................................................53 ​ By MRS. MARY ISABELLA GOZZALDI EARLY CAMBRIDGE DIARIES…....................................................................................57 ​ By MRS. HARRIETTE M. FORBES ANNUAL REPORT OF THE TREASURER ........................................................................84 NECROLOGY ..............................................................................................................86 MEMBERSHIP .............................................................................................................89 OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY
    [Show full text]
  • Former Fellows Biographical Index Part
    Former Fellows of The Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783 – 2002 Biographical Index Part Two ISBN 0 902198 84 X Published July 2006 © The Royal Society of Edinburgh 22-26 George Street, Edinburgh, EH2 2PQ BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF FORMER FELLOWS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF EDINBURGH 1783 – 2002 PART II K-Z C D Waterston and A Macmillan Shearer This is a print-out of the biographical index of over 4000 former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh as held on the Society’s computer system in October 2005. It lists former Fellows from the foundation of the Society in 1783 to October 2002. Most are deceased Fellows up to and including the list given in the RSE Directory 2003 (Session 2002-3) but some former Fellows who left the Society by resignation or were removed from the roll are still living. HISTORY OF THE PROJECT Information on the Fellowship has been kept by the Society in many ways – unpublished sources include Council and Committee Minutes, Card Indices, and correspondence; published sources such as Transactions, Proceedings, Year Books, Billets, Candidates Lists, etc. All have been examined by the compilers, who have found the Minutes, particularly Committee Minutes, to be of variable quality, and it is to be regretted that the Society’s holdings of published billets and candidates lists are incomplete. The late Professor Neil Campbell prepared from these sources a loose-leaf list of some 1500 Ordinary Fellows elected during the Society’s first hundred years. He listed name and forenames, title where applicable and national honours, profession or discipline, position held, some information on membership of the other societies, dates of birth, election to the Society and death or resignation from the Society and reference to a printed biography.
    [Show full text]
  • The Forgotten Fronts the First World War Battlefield Guide: World War Battlefield First the the Forgotten Fronts Forgotten The
    Ed 1 Nov 2016 1 Nov Ed The First World War Battlefield Guide: Volume 2 The Forgotten Fronts The First Battlefield War World Guide: The Forgotten Fronts Creative Media Design ADR005472 Edition 1 November 2016 THE FORGOTTEN FRONTS | i The First World War Battlefield Guide: Volume 2 The British Army Campaign Guide to the Forgotten Fronts of the First World War 1st Edition November 2016 Acknowledgement The publisher wishes to acknowledge the assistance of the following organisations in providing text, images, multimedia links and sketch maps for this volume: Defence Geographic Centre, Imperial War Museum, Army Historical Branch, Air Historical Branch, Army Records Society,National Portrait Gallery, Tank Museum, National Army Museum, Royal Green Jackets Museum,Shepard Trust, Royal Australian Navy, Australian Defence, Royal Artillery Historical Trust, National Archive, Canadian War Museum, National Archives of Canada, The Times, RAF Museum, Wikimedia Commons, USAF, US Library of Congress. The Cover Images Front Cover: (1) Wounded soldier of the 10th Battalion, Black Watch being carried out of a communication trench on the ‘Birdcage’ Line near Salonika, February 1916 © IWM; (2) The advance through Palestine and the Battle of Megiddo: A sergeant directs orders whilst standing on one of the wooden saddles of the Camel Transport Corps © IWM (3) Soldiers of the Royal Army Service Corps outside a Field Ambulance Station. © IWM Inside Front Cover: Helles Memorial, Gallipoli © Barbara Taylor Back Cover: ‘Blood Swept Lands and Seas of Red’ at the Tower of London © Julia Gavin ii | THE FORGOTTEN FRONTS THE FORGOTTEN FRONTS | iii ISBN: 978-1-874346-46-3 First published in November 2016 by Creative Media Designs, Army Headquarters, Andover.
    [Show full text]
  • Gwres Y Gad: Llinell Amser | the Heat of Battle: Timeline
    Y Cadfrid 5FfBC, Northampton og Allenby General A 5RWF, Northampton llenby Ionawr 1916 January 1916 ‘Thumbs Up Every Time!’ Gwersyll 6ed FfBC Wadi Express 6th RWF camp Wadi Express Y Rhingyll Frederick Yn barod i ddadarfogi, Gwersyll Hadra, 1917 Khuweilfeh, Moab, 1918 Dyffryn Iorddonen, 1918 Barter, V.C., 25ain FfBC Alecsandria, Tach. 1918 Festubert, Ffrainc, 16 Gwersyll FfBC ger Gasa, Awst 1917 Jordan Valley Ypres (Ieper) 25th RWF 31.10 – 7.11.1917 , 1918 Ready for demob, Hadra Camp, Sinai Mai 1915 yn Wadi Natrun , Ionawr 1917 near Gaza, August 1917 Trydedd Brwydr Gasa – 6.11.1917 Alexandria, Nov. 1918 Sinai, y Cynghreiriad yn cipio Y Capten John Fox Sergeant-Major RWF camp at January 1917 5.3.1916 27.6.1917 Beersheba a Gasa. Y Russell, swyddog di Natrun Frederick Barter, V.C., Wa Iwmyn sir Ddinbych a sir Y Cadfridog Edmund Corporal John Collins Meddygol gyda 6ed FfBC, 26–30.12.1917 4.8.1914 Festubert, France, 16 Drefaldwyn yn hwylio am Allenby yn cyrraedd fel (25ain FfBC) yn cael yn cael Croes Victoria yn Amddiffyn Jerwsalem - 21.3 – 18.7.1918 19.9.1918 1920 28.6.1914 Yr Almaen yn ymosod ar May 1915 12.1915 yr Aifft. 24ain a 25ain prif swyddog newydd Croes Victoria yn ystod yr ymladd yn 9.12.1917 FfBC yn helpu trechu Ymosodiad Gwanwyn yr 29.4 – 3.5.1918 Brwydr Megiddo yn 11.11.1918 Cytundeb sèvres – y Dienyddiad yr Archddug Wlad Belg. Prydain yn 5ed, 6ed a 7fed FfBC yn FfBC yn ddiweddarach. 12.1916 26–27.3.1917 Byddin Ymgyrchol yr Aifft Beersheba khuweilfeh.
    [Show full text]
  • Palestine Diaries: the Light Horsemen's Own Story, Battle by Battle
    USI Vol69 No4 Dec18_USI Vol55 No4/2005 26/11/2018 2:43 pm Page 31 BOOK REVIEW: Palestine diaries: the Light Horsemen’s own story, battle by battle by Jonathan King Scribe Publications: Brunswick, Victoria; 2017; 448 pp; ISBN 9718925322668 (Australian edition, paperback); RRP $39.99 Palestine Diaries is a truly remarkable account of the forces with their Australian and New Zealand mounted Australian Light Horse deployed to the Middle East and troops captured 40,000 Turkish (including some German) the battles it fought from the Sinai to Damascus from prisoners, with less than 100 Light Horsemen captured 1916 to 1918. It provides the reader with a strategic by the enemy. overview of the Middle East campaign and provides an From the first battle at Romani, the Australian Light understanding of the campaign as it unfolds. It discusses Horse proved itself a remarkably tough and effective the rationale for the campaign initially commanded by fighting force, winning the admiration of the then General Sir Archibald Murray and followed by General Sir commander, General Murray. That first battle also helped Edmund Allenby. to expunge the bitter taste experienced by the Light The author, Dr Jonathan King, an award-winning Horse at Gallipoli when troopers of the 8th and 10th Light historian, has been producing books and films about Horse Regiments were slaughtered at the Nek. The only World War I since 1994. He leads battlefield tours to Victoria Cross to be awarded in the Great War to the Gallipoli and the Western Front, and is a regular Australian Light Horse was won by Lieutenant Hugo television and radio commentator, as well as a writer for Throssell in the battle for Hill 60, Gallipoli.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Download
    British Journal for Military History Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2021 What’s in a name? Identifying military engagements in Egypt and the Levant, 1915-1918 Roslyn Shepherd King Pike ISSN: 2057-0422 Date of Publication: 19 March 2021 Citation: Roslyn Shepherd King Pike, ‘What’s in a name? Identifying military engagements in Egypt and the Levant, 1915-1918’, British Journal for Military History, 7.1 (2021), pp. 87-112. www.bjmh.org.uk This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. The BJMH is produced with the support of IDENTIFYING MILITARY ENGAGEMENTS IN EGYPT & THE LEVANT 1915-1918 What’s in a name? Identifying military engagements in Egypt and the Levant, 1915- 1918 Roslyn Shepherd King Pike* Independent Scholar Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT This article examines the official names listed in the 'Egypt and Palestine' section of the 1922 report by the British Army’s Battles Nomenclature Committee and compares them with descriptions of military engagements in the Official History to establish if they clearly identify the events. The Committee’s application of their own definitions and guidelines during the process of naming these conflicts is evaluated together with examples of more recent usages in selected secondary sources. The articles concludes that the Committee’s failure to accurately identify the events of this campaign have had a negative impacted on subsequent historiography. Introduction While the perennial rose would still smell the same if called a lily, any discussion of military engagements relies on accurate and generally agreed on enduring names, so historians, veterans, and the wider community, can talk with some degree of confidence about particular events, and they can be meaningfully written into history.
    [Show full text]
  • Edwards H. Metcalf Library Collection on TE Lawrence
    Edwards H. Metcalf Library Collection on T.E. Lawrence: Scrapbooks Huntington Library Scrapbook 1 Page Contents 1 recto [Blank]. 1 verso Anal. 1. Newspaper clipping. North, John, 'Hejaz railway brings back memories of Lawrence', Northern Echo, June 14, 1965. Anal. 2. Newspaper clipping. 'Memories of T.E.', Yorkshire Post, May 18, 1965. Mss. Note from Beaumont 'Please accept these free with my compliments. T.W. Beaumont'. 2 recto Black-and-white photograph of Beaumont. 'Thomas W. Beaumont Served under T.E. Lawrence in Arabia as his Sgt. Vickers Gunner'. 2 verso Black-and-white photograph. Mss. 'To my friend Theodora Duncan with every good wish. T.W. Beaumont' Typed note. ' Parents of Peter O'Toole with T.W. Beaumont At the gala opening of the film "Lawrence of Arabia", at the Majestic Theatre in Leeds, Yorkshire, Sunday evening, Oct. 13, 1963'. 3 recto Anal. 3. Newspaper clipping. 'A Lawrence Talks About That Legend', Leeds, Yorkshire, April 10, 1964. Two black-and-white photographs. 'Mr. T. W. Beaumont meets Dr. M.R. Lawrence elder brother of T.E. Lawrence, at Leeds City Station, Yorkshire. April 10, 1964. 3 verso Newspaper cartoon. 'Boy! I'm glad they don't use US nowadays!' Anal. 4. 'The following small photographs were taken during WW-I on the Eastern Front by T.W. Beaumont & friends, and smuggled out of Arabia. Newspaper cartoon. 'Arms for the love of Allah!' 4 recto Black-and-white photograph. 'Siwa Oasis, 1915-17 Involved in the defense of Suez. Operations against the Senussi in Lybian Desert. Photographed by C.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Richard Duncan MM Basic Information [As Recorded on Local Memorial Or by CWGC] Name As Recorded on Local Memorial Or by CWGC: R
    131: Richard Duncan MM Basic Information [as recorded on local memorial or by CWGC] Name as recorded on local memorial or by CWGC: R. Duncan MM Rank: Private Battalion / Regiment: 1st / 4th Bn. Cheshire Regiment Service Number: 201007 Date of Death: 12 October 1919 Age at Death: ? Buried / Commemorated at: Neston Cemetery, Raby Road, Neston Additional information given by CWGC: None Richard Duncan was the (probably) sixth child of agricultural worker / labourer Thomas and Annie Duncan of Parkgate. Thomas Duncan married Annie Hobson at St John’s Church, Liverpool, in late 1874 and they had twelve children of whom ten survived. In 1881, before Richard was born, and in 1891, the family was living in Parkgate: 1881 census (extract) – Parkgate Thomas Duncan 26 agricultural labourer born Parkgate Annie 27 born Ripple, Warwicks. Thomas M.C. 7 born Liverpool Margaret A. 5 born Parkgate Ellen 2 born Parkgate Charles F. 9 months born Parkgate Richard Duncan, and older brother John, were both baptised at Neston Parish Church on 30 January 1885. 1891 census (extract) – Parkgate Thomas Duncan 38 labourer born Neston Annie 37 born Ripple, Warwicks. Thomas 17 labourer born Liverpool Margaret A. 15 born Neston Ellen 12 born Neston Charles F. 10 born Neston John 8 born Neston Richard 6 born Neston William 1 born Neston Cecilia M. 2 months born Neston Page | 1417 In 1901 the family was still in Parkgate and Richard, 19, was a domestic gardener: 1901 census (extract) – Parkgate Thomas Duncan 50 contractor’s carter, farm born Parkgate Annie 49 born Warwicks. John 21 farm labourer born Parkgate Richard 19 gardener, domestic born Parkgate William 13 born Parkgate Margery 10 born Parkgate Joseph 8 born Parkgate Edith 7 born Parkgate In 1901 Thomas M C Duncan, 28, was a platelayer lodging with fisherman Thomas and Clara Bushell in Parkgate.
    [Show full text]
  • British 8Th Infantry Division on the Western Front, 1914-1918
    Centre for First World War Studies British 8th Infantry Division on the Western Front, 1914-18 by Alun Miles THOMAS Thesis submitted to The University of Birmingham For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY School of History and Cultures College of Arts & Law January 2010 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. ABSTRACT Recent years have seen an increasingly sophisticated debate take place with regard to the armies on the Western Front during the Great War. Some argue that the British and Imperial armies underwent a ‘learning curve’ coupled with an increasingly lavish supply of munitions, which meant that during the last three months of fighting the BEF was able to defeat the German Army as its ability to conduct operations was faster than the enemy’s ability to react. This thesis argues that 8th Division, a war-raised formation made up of units recalled from overseas, became a much more effective and sophisticated organisation by the war’s end. It further argues that the formation did not use one solution to problems but adopted a sophisticated approach dependent on the tactical situation.
    [Show full text]