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Downloading to Your Own Machine Within a Matter of Minutes В.А. РАДОВЕЛЬ АНГЛИЙСКИЙ язык в сф ере информационных технологий Учебно-практическое пособие BOOK.ru ЭЛЕКТРОННО-БИБЛИОТЕЧНАЯ СИСТЕМА КНОРУС • МОСКВА • 2017 УДК 811.111(07) ББК 81.2Англ9 Р15 Научный консультант С.В. Соколов, действительный член Академии образования и Академии военных наук, д-р техн. наук, проф. Рецензент М.В. Евстифеева, доц. кафедры лингвистики НОУ ВПО «Новый гуманитарный институт», канд. филол. наук Радовель, Валентина Александровна. Р15 Английский язык в сфере информационных технологий : учебно-прак- тическое пособие / В.А. Радовель. — Москва : КНОРУС, 2017. — 232 с. ISBN 978-5-406-05532-8 Предназначено для изучения английского языка, используемого в области ин­ формационно-компьютерных технологий (ИКТ). Дает возможность расширить и углубить свои познания в английском языке, а также овладеть основами компью­ терной грамотности. В пособие включены тексты из оригинальной литературы, свя­ занной с тематикой ИКТ; разнообразные учебные задания, помогающие усвоению и запоминанию необходимых специальных терминов; задания по свертыванию и развертыванию информации, составлению аннотаций и рефератов на русском и английском языках и другие учебные инструменты для формирования языковой компетенции в области ИК-технологий. Для учащихся школ и лицеев с информационно-технической специализацией, студен­ тов колледжей и вузов, а также всех, кто интересуется английским языком в его при­ ложении к информационно-компьютерной сфере. УДК 811.111(07) ББК 81.2Англ9 Радовель Валентина Александровна АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК В СФЕРЕ ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ Сертификат соответствия № РОСС RU.AT51.H03820 от 08.09.2015. Изд. № 12692. Формат 60x90/16. Гарнитура «Newton». Уел. печ. л. 14,5. Уч.-изд. л. 11,8. ООО «Издательство «КноРус». 117218, г. Москва, ул. Кедрова, д. 14, корп. 2. Тел.: 8-495-741-46-28. E-mail: [email protected] http://www.knorus.ru Отпечатано в ПАО «Т8 Издательские Технологии». 109316, г. Москва, Волгоградский проспект, д. 42, корп. 5. Тел.: 8-495-221-89-80. © Радовель В.А., 2017 ISBN 978-5-406-05532-8 © ООО «Издательство «КноРус», 2017 СОДЕРЖАНИЕ Предисловие................................................................................................................ Диагностический тест............................................................................................... Unit 1. Information-Dependent Society............................................................... Computer Literacy. What is a Computer? Application of Computers. (Общество, зависимое от информации. Компьютерная грамотность. Что такое компьютер?) Грамматика: Past Simple. Задания. Тесты. Unit 2. Development of Microelectronics............................................................. Development of Electronics. Microelectronics and Microminiaturi­ zation. (Развитие микроэлектроники. Развитие электроники. Микроэлектроника и микроминиатюризация.) Грамматика: страдательный залог. Задания. Тесты. Unit 3. History of Computers................................................................................. The First Computers. Some First Computer Models. Four Generations of Computers. (История создания компьютеров. Первые компьютеры. Первые модели компьютеров. Четыре поколения компьютеров.) Грамматика: неличные формы глагола в функции определения. Задания. Тесты. Unit 4. Data Processing Concepts......................................................................... Data Processing and Data Processing Systems. Advantages of Com­ puter Data Processing. (Понятие обработки данных. Обработка информации и системы обработки информации. Преимущества обработки информации с помощью компьютера.) Грамматика: модальные глаголы. Задания. Тесты. Unit 5. Computer Systems: an Overview.............................................................. Computer System Architecture. Hardware, Software and Firmware. Steps in developing of computers. (Компьютерные системы. Обзор. Архитектура компьютерных систем. Аппаратное и программное обеспечение. Этапы создания компьютеров.) Грамматика: причастие 1 и причастие II в функции обстоятельства. Задания. Итоговый тест. Unit 6. Functional Organization of the Computer............................................... Functional Units of Digital Computers. Some Features of Digital Com­ puters. Logical Circuit Elements. Definition of Mechanical Brain. (Функциональная организация компьютера. Некоторые свойства цифровых компьютеров. Логические элементы схемы. Определение механического мозга.) Грамматика: степени сравнения прилагательных. Задания. Тесты. 4 • Английский язык в сфере информационных технологий Unit 7. Storage.......................................................................................................... 74 Storage Units. Storage devices. Memory. (Запоминающее устройство. Блоки памяти. Компоненты памяти.) Грамматика: Perfect Participle Active, Perfect Passiple Passive. Зада­ ния. Тесты. Unit8. Central Processing Unit............................................................................. 85 The CPU Main Components. (Центральное процессорное устройство, ЦПУ. Основные компоненты ЦПУ.) Грамматика: независимый причастный оборот. Задания. Тесты. Unit 9. Input-Output Units 96 Input-Output Environment. Input Devices. Output devices. Print­ ers. Keyboard Devices. Scanners. (Устройства ввода-вывода. Среда устройств ввода-вывода. Компоненты ввода. Устройства вывода информации. Принтеры. Клавишные устройства. Сканеры.) Грамматика: формы инфинитива; инфинитивные конструкции — For + Infinitive, Objective with the Infinitive, Nominative with the In­ finitive. Задания. Тесты. Unit 10. Personal Computers...................................................................................... 112 Application of Personal Computers. Modem. Microcomputer System Organization. (Персональные компьютеры. Использование персо­ нальных компьютеров. Модем. Организация микрокомпьютерной системы.) Грамматика: безличные предложения; формы причастия, сложно­ подчиненные предложения. Задания. Тесты. Unit 11. Computer Programming................................................................................ 124 Programming Languages. Cobol, Fortran IV, Basic, Pascal. Running Com­ puter Program. Testing Computer Programs. The World Wide Web. A Brief History ofthe Internet. (Программирование. Языки программирования. Выполнение программы. Испытание программы. Всемирная паути­ на. Краткая история развития сети Internet.) Грамматика: сослагательное наклонение; условные предложения. Задания. Тесты. REVIEW OF THE MATERIAL STUDIED Unit 12. New Media 141 What Is New Media? The Computing Era. Steps in Computer Develop­ ment. Working Methods of a Computer and its Architecture. (Новые средства информации. Что представляют собой новые средства информации? Эра компьютеризации. Этапы совершенствования компьютера. Способы работы компьютера и его конструкция.) Грамматика: обзор английских времен и залогов. Задания. Тесты. Unit 13. Modern Portable Computers........................................................................ 153 A Notebook or a Modem Laptop. Classes of Laptops. Tablet Personal Computers. Portable Computers versus Desktops. (Современные пор­ тативные компьютеры. Ноутбук или современный лэптоп. Классы СОДЕРЖАНИЕ • 5 лэптопов. Планшетные персональные компьютеры. Портативные компьютеры в сопоставлении с настольными компьютерами.) Грамматика: неличные формы глагола. Инфинитивные и причаст­ ные конструкции. Словообразование. Отрицательные суффиксы и префиксы. Степени сравнения прилагательных. Задания. Тесты. Unit 14. Mobile PHones............................................................................................... 168 History of Mobile Phones. Mobile Phones Features. Types of Mobile Phones. iPhone Devices. (Сотовые телефоны. История сотовых те­ лефонов. Свойства сотовых телефонов. Типы сотовых телефонов. Приборы типа iPhone.) Грамматика. Обзор изученного материала. Задания. Тесты. Англо-русский словарь................................................................................................ 181 Сокращения и условные обозначения...................................................................... 225 Литература..................................................................................................................... 231 ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ Предлагаемое учебное пособие составлено в соответствии с но­ вым образовательным стандартом Министерства образования и науки РФ с учетом рекомендаций, содержащихся в разделах «Английский язык» и «Информатика». Пособие поможет сформировать у учащихся готовность и способность к самостоятельной информационной дея­ тельности. Оно познакомит учащихся с ролью информатики и инфор­ мационно-компьютерных технологий в современном обществе. Владение информационно-компьютерными технологиями се­ годня абсолютно необходимо для каждого грамотного человека. Не­ отъемлемой составляющей грамотности в этой области является долж­ ный уровень владения определенным корпусом понятий и терминов. В связи с этим требуется целенаправленное и системное изучение специального, функционального аспекта английского языка. Полу­ ченные в ходе такого изучения языковые знания необходимы для уве­ ренной ориентировки пользователя в мире информации и повышения его технологических возможностей при работе с компьютером в пер­ спективе. Таким образом, основной задачей, которая решается данным учебным курсом, является обучение: языковым средствам для эффек­ тивного общения с компьютером и ориентации в компьютерно-опос- редованной информационной деятельности, пониманию специаль­ ных научно-технических текстов в области компьютерных
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