A Longitudinal Analysis of Youtube's Promotion of Conspiracy Videos
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SOIS World Scholars Take Center Stage
TANGOEXTRA Dancing with Words Senri & Osaka International Schools of Kwansei Gakuin December 2016 Volume 10 Number 1 SOIS World Scholars Take Center Stage Participating in the World Scholars' Cup is becoming a Even for the friends and supporters left back rich tradition here at SOIS, and this year saw the SOIS home, there was a real buzz about what was team reaching new heights of success. An obvious high- going on at the global rounds. Members of light has been the trip that members of the team took to OIS grade 9 tuned in in through Skype in compete in the Tournament of Champions round at Yale morning homeroom to listen to Tyus Sheriff in the US. The team was away from November 17 to 22, give a rousing debate speech on center and was supervised by Mr. Sheriff, who provided coach- stage. ing and guidance, and by Minakuchi sensei, who took Tyus established himself as one of the rising care of organization and logistics. stars on the WSC scene through his perfor- In the World Scholars Cup, teams from around the world mances at the global rounds. He was named compete in activities such as debates, quizzes and col- WSC Junior Individual Champion for 2016, a laborative writing. It is a great chance for students to wonderful achievement. A quick check of the challenge themselves, to show off their skills and WSC page on Wikipedia shows he has really knowledge, and to learn from others, all in a fun, warm arrived: environment that celebrates diversity and different per- spectives. -
What They Don╎t Want You to Know About Planet X: Surviving 2012
University of Rhode Island DigitalCommons@URI Communication Studies Faculty Publications Communication Studies 7-25-2014 What They Don’t Want You to Know About Planet X: Surviving 2012 and the Aesthetics of Conspiracy Rhetoric Ian Reyes University of Rhode Island, [email protected] Jason K. Smith Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/com_facpubs The University of Rhode Island Faculty have made this article openly available. Please let us know how Open Access to this research benefits you. This is a pre-publication author manuscript of the final, published article. Terms of Use This article is made available under the terms and conditions applicable towards Open Access Policy Articles, as set forth in our Terms of Use. Citation/Publisher Attribution Reyes, Ian and Jason K. Smith. "What They Don't Want You to Know About Planet X: Surviving 2012 and the Aesthetics of Conspiracy Rhetoric." Communication Quarterly, vol. 62, no. 4, 2014, pp. 399-415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01463373.2014.922483. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01463373.2014.922483 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Communication Studies at DigitalCommons@URI. It has been accepted for inclusion in Communication Studies Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@URI. For more information, please contact [email protected]. “What They Don’t Want You to Know About Planet X: Surviving 2012 and the Aesthetics of Conspiracy Rhetoric” Ian Reyes Department of Communication Studies Harrington School of Communication and Media University of Rhode Island Davis Hall Kingston, RI 02881 [email protected] Jason K. -
Lecture Misinformation
Quote of the Day: “A lie will go round the world while truth is pulling its boots on.” -- Baptist preacher Charles H. Spurgeon, 1859 Please fill out the course evaluations: https://uw.iasystem.org/survey/233006 Questions on the final paper Readings for next time Today’s class: misinformation and conspiracy theories Some definitions of fake news: • any piece of information Donald Trump dislikes more seriously: • “a type of yellow journalism or propaganda that consists of deliberate disinformation or hoaxes spread via traditional news media (print and broadcast) or online social media.” disinformation: “false information which is intended to mislead, especially propaganda issued by a government organization to a rival power or the media” misinformation: “false or inaccurate information, especially that which is deliberately intended to deceive” Some findings of recent research on fake news, disinformation, and misinformation • False news stories are 70% more likely to be retweeted than true news stories. The false ones get people’s attention (by design). • Some people inadvertently spread fake news by saying it’s false and linking to it. • Much of the fake news from the 2016 election originated in small-time operators in Macedonia trying to make money (get clicks, sell advertising). • However, Russian intelligence agencies were also active (Kate Starbird’s research). The agencies created fake Black Lives Matter activists and Blue Lives Matter activists, among other profiles. A quick guide to spotting fake news, from the Freedom Forum Institute: https://www.freedomforuminstitute.org/first-amendment- center/primers/fake-news-primer/ Fact checking sites are also essential for identifying fake news. -
What Is the Function of Confirmation Bias?
Erkenntnis https://doi.org/10.1007/s10670-020-00252-1 ORIGINAL RESEARCH What Is the Function of Confrmation Bias? Uwe Peters1,2 Received: 7 May 2019 / Accepted: 27 March 2020 © The Author(s) 2020 Abstract Confrmation bias is one of the most widely discussed epistemically problematic cognitions, challenging reliable belief formation and the correction of inaccurate views. Given its problematic nature, it remains unclear why the bias evolved and is still with us today. To ofer an explanation, several philosophers and scientists have argued that the bias is in fact adaptive. I critically discuss three recent proposals of this kind before developing a novel alternative, what I call the ‘reality-matching account’. According to the account, confrmation bias evolved because it helps us infuence people and social structures so that they come to match our beliefs about them. This can result in signifcant developmental and epistemic benefts for us and other people, ensuring that over time we don’t become epistemically disconnected from social reality but can navigate it more easily. While that might not be the only evolved function of confrmation bias, it is an important one that has so far been neglected in the theorizing on the bias. In recent years, confrmation bias (or ‘myside bias’),1 that is, people’s tendency to search for information that supports their beliefs and ignore or distort data contra- dicting them (Nickerson 1998; Myers and DeWall 2015: 357), has frequently been discussed in the media, the sciences, and philosophy. The bias has, for example, been mentioned in debates on the spread of “fake news” (Stibel 2018), on the “rep- lication crisis” in the sciences (Ball 2017; Lilienfeld 2017), the impact of cognitive diversity in philosophy (Peters 2019a; Peters et al. -
"Area 51: an Uncensored History of America's Top Secret Military Base," Annie Jacobsen (New York: Little, Brown and Company, 2011)
Journal of Strategic Security Volume 4 Number 3 Volume 4, No. 3: Fall 2011 Article 8 "Area 51: An Uncensored History of America's Top Secret Military Base," Annie Jacobsen (New York: Little, Brown and Company, 2011) Edward M. Roche Henley-Putnam University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/jss Part of the Defense and Security Studies Commons, National Security Law Commons, and the Portfolio and Security Analysis Commons pp. 73-74 Recommended Citation Roche, Edward M.. ""Area 51: An Uncensored History of America's Top Secret Military Base," Annie Jacobsen (New York: Little, Brown and Company, 2011)." Journal of Strategic Security 4, no. 3 (2011) : 73-74. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.4.3.7 Available at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/jss/vol4/iss3/8 This Book Review is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Access Journals at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Strategic Security by an authorized editor of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. "Area 51: An Uncensored History of America's Top Secret Military Base," Annie Jacobsen (New York: Little, Brown and Company, 2011) This book review is available in Journal of Strategic Security: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/jss/ vol4/iss3/8 Roche: "Area 51: An Uncensored History of America's Top Secret Military Area 51: An Uncensored History of America's Top Secret Military Base. By Annie Jacobsen. New York: Little, Brown and Company, 2011. ISBN: 978-0-316-13294-7. Photographs. -
Understanding the Qanon Conspiracy from the Perspective of Canonical Information
The Gospel According to Q: Understanding the QAnon Conspiracy from the Perspective of Canonical Information Max Aliapoulios*;y, Antonis Papasavva∗;z, Cameron Ballardy, Emiliano De Cristofaroz, Gianluca Stringhini, Savvas Zannettou◦, and Jeremy Blackburn∓ yNew York University, zUniversity College London, Boston University, ◦Max Planck Institute for Informatics, ∓Binghamton University [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] — iDRAMA, https://idrama.science — Abstract administration of a vaccine [54]. Some of these theories can threaten democracy itself [46, 50]; e.g., Pizzagate emerged The QAnon conspiracy theory claims that a cabal of (literally) during the 2016 US Presidential elections and claimed that blood-thirsty politicians and media personalities are engaged Hillary Clinton was involved in a pedophile ring [51]. in a war to destroy society. By interpreting cryptic “drops” of A specific example of the negative consequences social me- information from an anonymous insider calling themself Q, dia can have is the QAnon conspiracy theory. It originated on adherents of the conspiracy theory believe that Donald Trump the Politically Incorrect Board (/pol/) of the anonymous im- is leading them in an active fight against this cabal. QAnon ageboard 4chan via a series of posts from a user going by the has been covered extensively by the media, as its adherents nickname Q. Claiming to be a US government official, Q de- have been involved in multiple violent acts, including the Jan- scribed a vast conspiracy of actors who have infiltrated the US uary 6th, 2021 seditious storming of the US Capitol building. -
Extraterrestrial Life Craft Instructions
What’s Fact and Fiction @ Area 51? Area 51 is a secret United States Air Force military base located at Groom Lake in Southern Nevada and was built in 1955. This facility has been the focus of many conspiracy theories involving extraterrestrial life (alien lifeforms), though the official information confirms the base as being a flight-testing facility. The official name for Area 51 is the Nevada Test and Training Range. The name, Area 51, came from its geo- graphical location on a map. Aerial photo of Area 51 Gate at Area 51 Some people believe that Area 51 is a site where government officials have performed experiments with extrater- restrials and their spacecrafts. Others believe that the moon landing in 1969 was fake and was filmed right here on Earth at Area 51. Over the years the CIA, Air Force, and aerospace company Lockheed Martin, have all used Area 51 as a staging ground for test flights of experimental aircraft. According to documents declassified in 2007, in the 1950s and 1960s Area 51 was used as a site for top-secret Cold War-era program known as Oxcart. The purpose of Oxcart’s program was to develop a spy plane that would be undetectable in the air and could be used for gathering information on the Soviet Union. This spy-place called the Archangel-12, was eventually developed at Area 51. The A -12 could travel speeds of more than 2,000 miles an hour and take clear pictures of objects on the ground from high altitudes. These spy planes developed at Area 51 may resemble people’s idea of what alien spacecrafts could look like, which helps explain why so many people reported UFO sightings in the skies above Nevada over the years. -
Archons (Commanders) [NOTICE: They Are NOT Anlien Parasites], and Then, in a Mirror Image of the Great Emanations of the Pleroma, Hundreds of Lesser Angels
A R C H O N S HIDDEN RULERS THROUGH THE AGES A R C H O N S HIDDEN RULERS THROUGH THE AGES WATCH THIS IMPORTANT VIDEO UFOs, Aliens, and the Question of Contact MUST-SEE THE OCCULT REASON FOR PSYCHOPATHY Organic Portals: Aliens and Psychopaths KNOWLEDGE THROUGH GNOSIS Boris Mouravieff - GNOSIS IN THE BEGINNING ...1 The Gnostic core belief was a strong dualism: that the world of matter was deadening and inferior to a remote nonphysical home, to which an interior divine spark in most humans aspired to return after death. This led them to an absorption with the Jewish creation myths in Genesis, which they obsessively reinterpreted to formulate allegorical explanations of how humans ended up trapped in the world of matter. The basic Gnostic story, which varied in details from teacher to teacher, was this: In the beginning there was an unknowable, immaterial, and invisible God, sometimes called the Father of All and sometimes by other names. “He” was neither male nor female, and was composed of an implicitly finite amount of a living nonphysical substance. Surrounding this God was a great empty region called the Pleroma (the fullness). Beyond the Pleroma lay empty space. The God acted to fill the Pleroma through a series of emanations, a squeezing off of small portions of his/its nonphysical energetic divine material. In most accounts there are thirty emanations in fifteen complementary pairs, each getting slightly less of the divine material and therefore being slightly weaker. The emanations are called Aeons (eternities) and are mostly named personifications in Greek of abstract ideas. -
National Security and Statutory Interpretation
SMU Law Review Volume 53 Issue 1 Article 9 2000 Through a Looking Glass Darkly: National Security and Statutory Interpretation Jonathan Turley Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.smu.edu/smulr Recommended Citation Jonathan Turley, Through a Looking Glass Darkly: National Security and Statutory Interpretation, 53 SMU L. REV. 205 (2000) https://scholar.smu.edu/smulr/vol53/iss1/9 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at SMU Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in SMU Law Review by an authorized administrator of SMU Scholar. For more information, please visit http://digitalrepository.smu.edu. THROUGH A LOOKING GLASS DARKLY: NATIONAL SECURITY AND STATUTORY INTERPRETATION Jonathan Turley* TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION ........................................ 206 II. AREA 51: A CASE STUDY OF THE GRAVITATIONAL EFFECT OF THE COMMON LAW ON STATUTORY INTERPRETATION IN THE NATIONAL SECURITY AREA ......................... 210 A. FACTUAL BACKGROUND .............................. 210 B. RELEVANT LEGAL ARGUMENTS AND JUDICIAL R ULINGS .............................................. 214 C. THE GRAVITATIONAL EFFECT OF THE COMMON LAW PRIVILEGE ON THE ANALYSIS IN KASZA AND FRosT ................................................. 219 III. THE INTERPLAY OF STATUTORY INTERPRETATION AND THE COMMON LAW IN THE AREA 51 LITIGATION ............................ 221 A. THEORIES OF STATUTORY INTERPRETATION IN THE COMPANY OF THE COMMON LAW ..................... 222 B. PREEMPTION AND JUDICIAL CHOICE: THE USE OF COMMON LAW AS AN OUTCOME-DETERMINATIVE ELEMENT IN THE FROST CASE ........................ 228 C. THE ADOPTION OF AN ABSOLUTE STATE SECRETS PRIVILEGE IN THE AREA 51 LITIGATION .............. 231 IV. THE LEGISPRUDENCE OF NATIONAL SECURITY AND THE COMMON LAW ............................. 237 A. THE DIALOGIC EFFECT OF THE COMMON LAW IN THE AREA OF STATUTORY INTERPRETATION .............. -
Dear Secretary Salazar: I Strongly
Dear Secretary Salazar: I strongly oppose the Bush administration's illegal and illogical regulations under Section 4(d) and Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act, which reduce protections to polar bears and create an exemption for greenhouse gas emissions. I request that you revoke these regulations immediately, within the 60-day window provided by Congress for their removal. The Endangered Species Act has a proven track record of success at reducing all threats to species, and it makes absolutely no sense, scientifically or legally, to exempt greenhouse gas emissions -- the number-one threat to the polar bear -- from this successful system. I urge you to take this critically important step in restoring scientific integrity at the Department of Interior by rescinding both of Bush's illegal regulations reducing protections to polar bears. Sarah Bergman, Tucson, AZ James Shannon, Fairfield Bay, AR Keri Dixon, Tucson, AZ Ben Blanding, Lynnwood, WA Bill Haskins, Sacramento, CA Sher Surratt, Middleburg Hts, OH Kassie Siegel, Joshua Tree, CA Sigrid Schraube, Schoeneck Susan Arnot, San Francisco, CA Stephanie Mitchell, Los Angeles, CA Sarah Taylor, NY, NY Simona Bixler, Apo Ae, AE Stephan Flint, Moscow, ID Steve Fardys, Los Angeles, CA Shelbi Kepler, Temecula, CA Kim Crawford, NJ Mary Trujillo, Alhambra, CA Diane Jarosy, Letchworth Garden City,Herts Shari Carpenter, Fallbrook, CA Sheila Kilpatrick, Virginia Beach, VA Kierã¡N Suckling, Tucson, AZ Steve Atkins, Bath Sharon Fleisher, Huntington Station, NY Hans Morgenstern, Miami, FL Shawn Alma, -
Vilja Veta: Konspirationsteorier
ARBETSMATERIAL FÖR ELEVEN TOMAS DÖMSTEDT Vilja veta: Konspirationsteorier ORDLISTA minoritet (sida 11, rad 5) liten grupp opålitlig (sida 19, rad 2) går inte att lita på tsar (sida 21, rad 1) titel för tidigare ledare i Ryssland förfalskning (sida 21, rad 9) inte äkta diktatur (sida 23, rad 12) land där det inte finns demokrati eller frihet sammansvärjning (sida 25, rad 8) samarbete med syfte att begå brott Finns det andra ord som är nya för dig? Skriv dem, slå upp dem och skriv förklaringar. Arbeta med ordlistan 1. Gå tillbaka till boken. Läs meningarna där orden i ordlistan finns. Förklara med egna ord vad meningarna betyder. 2. Skriv en egen mening med varje ord i ordlistan. 3. Förklara följande ord från boken så att någon som inte har läst den kan förstå: konspiration konspirationsteori syndabock antisemitism biologiska vapen manifest – lättläst för vuxna • www.nyponochviljaforlag.se 1 TOMAS DÖMSTEDT Vilja veta: Konspirationsteorier GRAMMATIK Verb Verb är ord som beskriver vad någon gör, t.ex. ”läser”, ”skriver”, ”leker”. Stryk under verben i följande meningar. I vissa meningar finns det flera verb. 1. De som tror på en konspirationsteori, tror ofta på fler än en teori. 2. Den franska revolutionen 1789 var ett folkligt uppror. 3. De styr världen i hemlighet. 4. Raketen störtade och han dog. 5. Bermudatriangeln kallas även Dödens triangel eller Atlantens kyrkogård. 6. Myten om en judisk världskonspiration lever fortfarande kvar. 7. År 1986 mördades Olof Palme. 8. Två flygplan flög in i World Trade Center. Adjektiv Adjektiv är ord som beskriver människor, djur och saker, till exempel ”liten”, ”glad” och ”lång”. -
Your Journey Is Loading. Scroll Ahead to Continue
Your journey is loading. Scroll ahead to continue. amizade.org • @AmizadeGSL Misinformation and Disinformation in the time of COVID-19 | VSL powered by Amizade | amizade.org 2 Welcome! It is with great pleasure that Amizade welcomes you to what will be a week of learning around the abundance of misinformation and disinformation in both the traditional media as well as social media. We are so excited to share this unique opportunity with you during what is a challenging time in human history. We have more access to information and knowledge today than at any point in human history. However, in our increasingly hyper-partisan world, it has become more difficult to find useful and accurate information and distinguish between what is true and false. There are several reasons for this. Social media has given everyone in the world, if they so desire, a platform to spread information throughout their social networks. Many websites, claiming to be valid sources of news, use salacious headlines in order to get clicks and advertising dollars. Many “legitimate” news outlets skew research and data to fit their audiences’ political beliefs. Finally, there are truly bad actors, intentionally spreading false information, in order to sow unrest and further divide people. It seems that as we practice social distancing, connecting with the world has become more important than ever before. At the same time, it is exceedingly important to be aware of the information that you are consuming and sharing so that you are a part of the solution to the ongoing flood of false information. This program’s goal is to do just that—to connect you with the tools and resources you need to push back when you come across incorrect or intentionally misleading information, to investigate your own beliefs and biases, and to provide you with the tools to become a steward of good information.