The Cahokia Courthouse Holding Court on Wooded Island of Jackson Park
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HP Hyde Park Historical Society Non-Profit Org. 5529 S. Lake Park Avenue U.S. Postage HS Chicago, IL 60637 PAID Chicago, IL Permit No. 85 H VoL. 37y dN0. 4 e PublishedPa by ther Hydek Park H istoricalH Society istoAuTuMNr 2015y AutuMN 2015 The Cahokia Courthouse Holding Court on Wooded Island of Jackson Park NS o LLECTI Co PECIAL S This Newsletter is published by ICT the Hyde Park Historical Society, a r ist not-for-profit organization founded Hyde Park Historical Society rk D CoLLECTINg AND PrESErVINg HyDE PArk’S History in 1975 to record, preserve, and A Time for you to join up or renew? promote public interest in the history go P of Hyde Park. Its headquarters, HICA Fill out the form below and return it to: located in an 1893 restored cable car C THE station at 5529 S. Lake Park Avenue, y The Hyde Park Historical Society houses local exhibits. It is open to TES 5529 S. Lake Park Avenue • Chicago, IL 60637 the public on Saturdays and Sundays Cour ✁ from 2 until 4pm. Cahokia Courthouse on Wooded Island, 1939 Enclosed is my new renewal membership Web site: hydeparkhistory.org By Raymond W. Johnson Our story begins 100 years before the American in the Hyde Park Historical Society. Telephone: HY3-1893 Revolution. After the death of Father Jacques Early History of the Cahokia Area Marquette S.J. in May of 1675, Governor Frontenac Student $15 Individual $30 Family $40 President: Michal Safar of “New France” granted permission to René-Robert Vice-President: Janice A. Knox any know about the role of Jackson Park Cavelier, sieur de La Salle, to explore the areas Name Secretary: Gary Ossewaarde and Wooded Island during the 1893 World’s west and south of Lake Michigan and claim them Treasurer: Jay Wilcoxen Address Columbian Exposition in Chicago. Probably for France. In January of 1682, LaSalle began a Editor: Frances S. Vandervoort Mabout the same amount of people or more know Mississippi expedition by way of the Chicago Portage Zip Email Membership Coordinator: nothing about the fact that between 1906 and 1939 and the Illinois River. On February 5th the party Claude Weil Wooded Island was host to the oldest public building entered the Mississippi and on April 9th reached the Phone Cell Designer: Nickie Sage west of Boston and north of New Orleans, the Gulf of Mexico. At the Gulf, La Salle staked France’s Cahokia Courthouse. rclaim to the entire Mississippi River Valley, which ➤ 2 r2 r7 ➤ ➤ 1 he then called the Province of Louisiana in honor Historical Society in 1906. The document dates of the at 5743 S. Harper. Favorite architectural features of the present King Louis XIV of France. In 1696 school at 1794 and reads: rosalie Court included the prominent front porches and the many the Jesuit Mission de l’Ange Gardien was founded in upper level balconies. Throughout the tour the Chécagou (the name first given by explorers for the To the Gentlemen, the Judges of the Honorable Court On a lovely June afternoon, the Hyde Park students wondered what it would be like to grow up southwestern tip of Lake Michigan) by Father Pierre of Cahokia: Historical Society hosted Hyde Park Free School in one of the Rosalie Villas and experience the unique Francois Pinet. In March of 1699 he established the students in Russell Jaffe’s World History and neighborhood that is now Harper Avenue. FSV Mission de Sainte Famille de Caoquias at what is now The inhabitants of the parish of the Holy Family of Geography class on a walking tour of Rosalie Villas. Cahokia, Illinois and also when its written history Cahokia have the honor to express to you at their assembly Rosalie Villas can be found between 57th Street began. that they have the desire to establish a school in the said and 59th Street on Harper Avenue—Hyde Park On February 10, 1763, following Great Britain’s parish [or town] for the instruction of their children. Kenwood’s first planned community. In 1883 Rosalie victory in the French and Indian War, the Treaty of Paris As they are obliged to do many necessary public Buckingham, the future Mrs. Harry Selfridge, UPCOMING EVENTS was signed and the area fell under British rule. In July works in the parish, they cannot at once undertake the purchased the two blocks and divided them into Saturday, September 12 History of the of 1778, during the Revolutionary War General George construction of a building necessary to hold the said forty-two lots. Under the direction of architect Solon Hyde Park Neighborhood Club, to be Rogers Clark of Virginia and nearly 175 of his men school, so these representatives ask you gentlemen that you Beman the villas and cottages were built in similar held at HPNC headquarters with a photo took the towns of Kaskaskia, Cahokia and Vincennes allow them to hold the said school in your audience room architectural styles, predominantly Queen Anne. exhibit at Society Headquarters. Details from the British without firing a shot. It seemed that the of the courthouse until they construct a building which The common areas included Rosalie Square, a club forthcoming. French and Indians who occupied these areas were not will oblige all the inhabitants whose children have their house, and a public hall for lectures and concerts. keen on taking up arms for the British. By December instruction in the school and in which case, should there Prior to the tour, the students’ main associations with 9th of that year, Virginia claimed the “Illinois Country” arise any defacement of the said audience room, they will the area were the annual Halloween Trick-or-Treat, and it became the County of Illinois, Virginia. I found it leave it in the best condition which you judge necessary and Blue Balliett’s Chasing Vermeer. After a brief interesting that our great State of Illinois was the largest and proper. history of Rosalie Villas at the Historical Society county in Virginia for five years! That is why they supplicate you to accord them this building, the students proceeded to walk through the Bert’s Words (Part 7) On September 3, 1783, America and Britain signed request as being necessary for the public good. In this neighborhood. Among the favorite houses identified peace articles in Paris ending the Revolutionary War. cause they submit themselves to your good will and have by the students were the bright blue homes on Rosalie “The trouble with our times is that the stupid are One year later Virginia ceded its claim to western the honor to be, very respectfully. Square as well as the distinctively painted home cocksure and the intelligent are full of doubt.” territory to the United States in order to settle – Bertrand Russell wartime debts. Your very humble and very obedient servants. On July 13, 1787, Congress passed an ordinance “The wise man must remember that while he is a that established the Northwest Territory, and General Louis Sebrun descendent of the past, he is the parent of the future.” Arthur St. Clair was appointed Governor. Governor Louis Grand – Herbert Spencer St. Clair traveled to the area in 1790 and in May Cahokia, 6 May, 1794 established St. Clair County in southern Illinois. He “Since God loves everybody, I don’t have to!” appointed officials and militias in both Kaskaskia and the Courthouse, the Louisiana Purchase – Larry Janiak Cahokia. The county court officials purchased the Exposition, and Chicago building that would become known as the Cahokia “The greatest of faults—is to be conscious of none.” Courthouse in 1793. Although popular history places Due to the constant threat of floods from the – Thomas Carlyle the date of the building of the Cahokia Courthouse at Mississippi, the St. Clair County seat was moved to 1716, the Illinois Historic Preservation Agency states Belleville in 1814. The former courthouse became L “The record of a generous life runs like a vine around that the building was built as a residence in 1740. oo the memory of our dead, and every sweet, unselfish The building was originally the home of Captain Jean CH S act is now a perfumed flower.” – Robert G. Ingersoll Baptiste Saucier who established Ft. De Chartres. On EE December 8, 1793 Antoine Gerardin, John Dumoulin rk Fr A and Phillip Engil, judges of the court of common P pleas, purchased the building from Gerardin’s son DE New Member Francois for $1,000. It was now the county seat of Hy THE St. Clair County and extended north all the way The Society welcomes new member Frank Valadez, at to Canada. The courthouse handled everything r Executive Director of the Chicago Metro History Fair. from contracts to criminals and heard cases from teache Peoria, Prairie du Chien, Chicago, and Green Bay, , Wisconsin. It also held the first United States court AFFE session in Illinois as well as the first election. J Answer to Mystery Quiz: In addition to being the oldest public structure in ssell u Illinois, it was also the site of Illinois’s first public r o / Leon Trotsky school. A document written in French and translated T Cahokia at 1904 Fair o into English was brought to light by the Chicago PH Autumnr 2015 Autumnr 2015 r6 r3 Trial Pardon. Hunter was a junior level winner at the a saloon, home and meeting hall. The floods took appealed to the South Park Commission to find Celebrating the 2015 National History Fair in Washington, DC. their toll on the old courthouse. By 1900 it was in a location in one of the parks.