GEOLOŠKI ANALI BALKANSKOGA POLUOSTRVA Volume 81 (1), July 2020, 1–9 – https://doi.org/10.2298/GABP191014002S Original scientific paper Оригинални научни рад

Reconsidering Paleozoic differences between the block and the –Ivanjica unit

1 2 Arko PAhIć IVADAr AuDENyI D S & T G Abstract.

The peculiar Jadar block an intervening position separating the main Neotethyanvs. West Vardar Zone (includingvs. ophiolites of Late Jurassic age) and a passive margin lithospheric segment of the Apulia/Adria microplate referred to as the Drina-Ivanjica block. The review aimed to reassess the peri- Neotethyan paleogeography affecting the evolution of the Neotethyan oceanic crust (‘single’ ‘multiple oceans’ or single- two ophiolite belts) by juxta - posing the key differences of the late Variscan temporal evolution (controlling early Alpine paleogeography) between the Jadar block and Drina–Ivanjica crystalline segment. The study goal is the questionable paleogeographic affinity of the Jadar block. Contrary to the recent inferences attributing the Jadar block as a segment of the Apulia/Adria microplate, the study examine whether and how the Jadar Late Paleozoic succession may allow for an alter - Key words: native paleogeographic solution of the Neotethyan relevance. According to this Jadar terrane, Drina–Ivanjica block, comparison survey of these late Paleozoic successions, it appears that the Permian-Triassic paleogeography, Jadar block may carry a (tentative) evidence of the proximity of the western Eocimmerian basement, Paleotethys, i.ePaleotethys. The comparison yields a putative paleogeographic position as - Neotethys. sociating the Jadar block with the post-Variscan European margin (not Аpulia/Adria microplate). The proposed shift of the Permian-Triassic paleo - geographic position of the Jadar block inevitably affects the obduction length . questions a favourable protracted along strike-width of the overriding Neotethyan West Vardar ophiolites (‘single ocean model’). Апстракт.

Јадарски блок се налази између главног дела некадашњег Неотетиса или Западне вардарске зоне и Дринско-ивањичке пасивне маргине која припада Апуљско-jадранској микроплочи. Циљ овог рада је кратка реевалуација ране фазе ободних делова неотетиске палеогео - графске ситуације кроз упоредну анализу каснопалеозојске тј. варис цијске еволуције поменута два блока. Каснопалеозојска фаза је имала кључни утицај на рано алпску еволуцију некадашњег Неотетиса. У новијим ра- довима Јадарски блок је често представљен као део Апуљско-јадранске микроплоче, док се у овој студији указује на могућност да овај блок на

1 Geological Survey of , Rovinjska 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia. E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected] 2 Geographical Institute “Jovan Cvijić” of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Đure Jakšića 9, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.

1 DARko SPAhIć & TIVADAR GAuDEnyI

Кључне речи: Јадарски блок, Дринско-ивањички блок, Пермо-тријаска палеогеографија, основу својих каркатеристика може бити (ре)интерпретиран као сег - Палеотетис, Неотетис. мент промторијума пост-Варисцијске јужноевропске маргине, која је била под утицајем затварања Палеотетиса. Предложена позиција Ја - дарског блока утиче на горњојурско-доњокредну тектонску интерпре- тацију Западновардар ских офиолита као и предложену дужину самог обдуковања преко анализираних доминантно палеозојских блокова.

Introduction and problem statement sensu

u LAuf VariscanPAhIć – Eocimmerian setting ( Z et al., 2018; S et al., 2019; see fig. 1 for the tectonic The late Alpine underthrusting and accretion of units). The ongoing closure, shortening, convergence sensu the Apulia/Adria microplate with south European and late Alpine nappe stacking of this rather peculiar foreland allowed the formation of a West Balkan western branch of Tethyan ocean ejected distal e.g Dinaric-hellenic orogen, a branch of the Alpine-hi - margin of this short-lived ocean – highly-deformed malayan belt. This accretionary orogen largely thick-skinnedokoVIć Drina–Ivanjica cry stalline slice ( reconfigured and obscuredorNSIEPEN the predating earlyAAS Al pine Đ , 1985), a segment of Apulia/Adria micro plate. configurationPAhIć ( ., D et al., 2001; h et al., The initial ocean–micro plate convergence was re- 2019; S et al., 2020), a successor of the late placed by a micro plate-microplate collision allow ing a rearrangement of the ori - ginal Neotethyan confi gura- tion by juxtaposing the afo- rementio ned thick-skin ned fragment along the mildly deformed Ja dar block of in tri - guing pa leo geographical af f- inity (Eu ropean or Afri can?). This highly complex pre-Al- pine to Neo tethyan ag glome - sen su ration is positioned to the southwest of Belgrade, in west - ern Serbia, and eastern BosniaILIPo e.g andVIć her zegoILIPoVIć vina ( f - , 1974; f et al., 2003; fig. 1). Despite a conside rableImI TrIJEVIćeffort of the local ( ILIPoVIć., D - , 1997,r VAToVIć 2001; f etA Fig. 1. Main tectonic units of central-western Serbia, : SMCT- The al.,rA mATA 2003; h oLAr, 2005;urkoVšEk k - Serbian-Macedonian composite terrane; VZCT- The Vardar Zone composite terrane; JBT- The , 2006; k -J Jadar Block terrane; DIT- The Drina-lvanjica terrane; DOBT-The Dinaric Ophiolite Belt et al., 2019) and the interna - terrane; EBDT- The East Bos-nian-Durmitor terrane; CBMT- The Central Bosnian Mts. tional community, a very signi- terrane; DHCT- The Dalmatian-Herzegovinian composite terrane. Thick line denotes the cf. ficant but poorly cor related position of the ‘Zvornik suture’. 1. Fault, 2. Thrust (nappe), 3. Tectonic boundary, unspecified issue is the role of the Jadar (modified after KaraMaTa, 2006). block (or ‘Jadar–meChmID d vednica– Bükk’; S et al., 2020) 2 duringGeol. an. the Balk. Late poluos., Jurassic 2020, 81 – Early(1), 1–9 Cretaceous Neotethyan closure. Reconsidering Paleozoic differences between the Jadar block and the Drina-Ivanjica unit

The current controversial paleogeographic mo - Paleozoic–mesozoic surface and subsurface con - e.g dels of the investigated NE segment Apulia/Adria straints of this former Apulia/Adria accretionary e.g indenter revolve around the emplacement of the wedge has increasingly becoming a topic of interest cross-lithospheric hanging wall mainly comprised for both,ChmID geological and geophysicalAJSToroVIć communities of the West VANVardarNEN ophiolites (mainChmID NW Neotethyan ( uBAšIć., S et al., VAN 2008;NEN m etChmID al., 2017; ocean;VAN INSBErGEN ., u et al., 2019; S et al., 2020; S VANet al.,INSBErGEN 2017; u et al., 2019; S et al., h et al., 2020), positioned above the 2020; h et al., 2020). Its (former) distal two distinctive assemblages referred to as the Dri - passive margin block (thick-skinned slice) is referred na–Ivanjica block and Jadar terrane. mainstream to as the Drina–Ivanjica block. The adjoin ing crustal e.g. explorers impose the model of extended across slice, referred to as the Jadar block is accommodated strike-width of the Jurassic oceanic crust (West across the narrow fault zone re ferred as theImITrIJEVIć ‘Zvornik Vardar ultramafic massifs), fingerprinting a singleChmID suture’ –ArAmATA a segment of theErZINA Vardar Zone (D , sensu Neotethyan oceanAffIoNE (‘singleVAN ocean’INSBErGEN model; , S 1997; k , 2006; G , 2010; fig. 1). The e.g et al., 2008; m & h , 2019). how - ‘Zvornik suture’ separates the two major fragments: ever, earlier, dominantly local authors favour several (i) Jadar block (cha racterized by theILIPoVIć preserved Peri-NeotethyanhANNEL oceansoZur or ‘multipleImITrIJEVIć oceans’ modelA Devonian–Triassic sequence; f et al., rAmATA( , C & kAITh , 1997; D , 2001; k - 2003) and (ii) folded greenschist-facies Drina–Iva nji - , 2006; f et al., 2017). Those favouring ca block (NeoproPAhIć terozoic – Lower Paleozoic and Car- sensu ‘single ocean’ concept often neglect or disregard boniferous; S et al., 2018 and references therein). essential Late Paleozoic contrarieties separating the As mentioned earlier, ‘single ocean’ model places sensu two footwall crustalokoVIć slices,EšIć Drina-Ivanjica- and Jadar the “Jadar– unit” as a segment of the block ( Đ & P , 1985). Jadar block or Apulia/Adria microcontinent bordering to the Dri - “Jadar–kopaonik unit” is attributed eitherImITrIJEVIć as a seg - na–Ivanjica block. Accordingly, the Jadar block is cf. ment of the main Vardar Zone ( D , sandwiched between the main Vardar Zone (fig. 1) 1997, 2001) or as a mesozoic distal-most Adriatic and Drina-Ivanjica block (footwall position) repre - margin emplacedSoNToS on top oföröS Drina–IvanjicaChmID block, senting the farthermost cross-lithospheric footwall respectively (VANC INSBErGEN& V , 2004; S et al., segment beneath the formerly overlaying West 2008, 2020; h et al., 2020; fig. 2). Vardar ophiolites. According to the ‘single ocean’ The following juxtaposition of these two base - model, these West Vardar ophiolites produced a ment systems emphasizes the differences in the Late geologic segmentation reaching hypothetically over Paleozoic – Early mesozoic (including overlapping 100 km of across strike-width. A deep-seated ba - Eocimmerian-) developments. The results suggest a sement thrust transported thick ultramafic crust possibility that the Jadar block may have had a over the (former) continental margin or Drina– different (pre)Neotethyan paleogeographic position Ivanjica block into what is now denominated as the relative to the approaching Apulia/Adria leading Inner Dinaridic ophiolite Belt (fig. 1). edge. The following late Variscan – early Alpine com - The following in-depth comparison emphasizes parison offers an Alpine paleogeographical solution the often-neglected Paleozoic-late Variscan paleo - for the Jadar block that, we believe, better accounts geographical/depositional/tectonic constraints that Paleogeographicfor the Neotethyan relationships. constraints: might affect the choice of the Alpine model. The Jadar- vs. Drina–Ivanjica block following key differences identified: (1) absence of vs early Paleozoic sequence within the Jadar Block (no analogue of the Drina formation), (2) significant sensu difference in the magnitude of deformations be - tween the Jadar block . greenschist-facies folded The Dinarides are a principal substructureImITrIJEVIć of the Drina-Ivanjica basement, and (3) the presence of Apulia/AdriaGeol. an. Balk. poluos., microplate 2020, 81 (1), 1–9( D , 1997; the Permian-Triassic succession within the Jadar3 fig. 1). Deciphering the extremely complex Late system lacking within the Drina–Ivanjica block. DARko SPAhIć & TIVADAR GAuDEnyI

Fig. 2. Neotethyan-related units in the Late Permian time (modified from CSONTOS & VöröS, 2004 and references therein). Thin curves indicate present geographic contours in stable Europe and africa, eventually the contours of the adriatic Sea are marked. arrow at the Tunis promontory indicates a southward-directed movement of the Paleotethyan oceanic lithosphere (rollback).

Absence of early Paleozoic succession within Jadar block (confirmed in Drina–Ivanjica block) in Croatia; fig. 1), this allochonous segment is sensu comprised of the Paleozoic complex represented by fossiliferous Silurian to Carboniferous greenschist- cf. facies metaclastics,AmIć urkoVIć marbles, and orthogreenschists The Drina–Ivanjica block is composed of the ( P & J , 2002). In addition, the Jadar cf. Neoproterozoic-LowerokoVIć PAhIć Paleozoic Drina formation block in Bosnia & hercegovina (Teočak) exposesoLAr a ( Đ , 1985; S et al., 2018), the Jadar block Permian–TriassicurkoVšEk shallow mari ne succession (k - has noILIPoVIć documented record of any pre-Devonian rocks J et al., 2019). Consequently, the missing 4( f et al., 2003). Towards the west of the Neoproterozoic–Lower Geol.Paleozoic an. Balk. poluos.,sequence 2020, 81within (1), 1–9 investigated area (western segment of the Jadar block the Jadar system may suggest a different paleo-basin Reconsidering Paleozoic differences between the Jadar block and the Drina-Ivanjica unit

I position (in Paleo zoic reference) relative to “Drina mITrIJEVIćposition cycle starts with the upper Triassic (D - earlyMild Paleozoicdeformations succession. of Jadar block vs. Jadar block:, 1997); Upper Permian - Upper greenschist-facies folded Drina–Ivanjica Triassic succession basement

As mentionedILIPoVIć earlier, the Permian–Ladinian sub - The three sedimentary-magmatic subcomplexesokoVIć sidence cycle (f et al., 2003) is a depositional areEšIć separated within the Jadar block (Đ & peculiarity not recorded within the northeastern P , 1985): (i) The middle Devonian–middle Car - passive segment of Apulia/Adria (Drina–Ivanjica boniferous clastic-to-carbonate sequence overlain block). Nevertheless, a record of the upper Permian by a continental Baskhirian and moscovian sequ - lagoon-type deposition and continental Triassic is ence. The Devonian record is not identified in the documented within the formerly sunken Apu - Drina-Ivanjica block. Nevertheless, the Carbonife - lia/AdriahIArI margin or East Bosnian-Durmitor block rous of both crustal slices, Jadar- and Drina–Ivanjica (C et al., 2011 and references therein; fig. 1). The sensu segments are characterized by the presence of presence of the nearly complete upper Per mian– turbiditic successions: (i.1) Jadar block: Lower upper Triassic environment within the Jadar block Carboniferous Visean – ILIPoVIć Serpukhovian kulm or (including the Late Ladinian/pre-Carnian metaande- e.g. “Variscan” flysch; ( f et al., 1993, 2003) site and its pyroclastics) ILIPoVIćis described as the early whereas the Lower- to middle Carboniferous “Goli - Alpine crustal extension (f et al., 2003). on the ja/konglomerati & kovilja/Birač formations” are other hand, Eocimmerian successions of a similar age cf. separated within the (i.2) Drina–Ivanjica block. areuLAuf well known across Eastern mediterranean ( Peculiarly enough, the presence of middle Car - Z et al., 2018 and refe rences therein). The boniferousILIPoVIć within the Jadar block is not documented presence of Permian – Late Triassic succession within sensu ( f et al., 2003). the Jadar block may mark the opposite side of the e.g. The principal difference between the two Variscan Apulia/Adria- or the (former) European Paleozoic systems is the weakly deformed Paleozoic promontory – westernmostTAmPfLI edge of the south Eu - i.e. succession of Jadar block (anchizonal overprintILIPoVIć with ropean margin ( S , 2000; fig. 2). Thus, c.f. a preserved original layering; f et al., the Jadar block with its Per mian–Triassic succession 2003). Such low-grade imprint is in contrary to could preferably pinpoint the proximity of the south dominant greenschist-faciesILoVANoVIć of the Drina–Ivanjica European margin it may represent a fragment of block ( m , 1984). In addition, the Drina– the one-time Variscan–Cimmerian Paleotethyan Ivanjica Paleozoic successions underwent severe basement. These inferences are in line with the e.g shortening accompanied by the isocline folding and earlier conclusions that the Palaeotethyan domain transpositionokoVIć which obliterated the initial layering was not fully closedTAmPfLI in SE Europe lasting during the sensu (Đ , 1985). (ii) The upper middle Devonian – a early Triassic (S , 2000). Depending on each gradually deepening up to the upper Carbonife ro - particular micro-basin of the early Alpine age ( ., sensu us–Lower Permian succession recorded within the Inner DinaridicImITrIJEVIć ophioliteArAmATA belt or ‘Dinaric ocean’; Jadar block is not documented within the Drina–Iva - D , 2001; k , 2006), it appears njica block. The essential difference is (iii) the upper that the middle- to Late Triassic sequences of the Permian–upperILIPoVIć TriassicoLAr terminalurkoVšEk sequence ( Dinarides realm (in par ticular those missing Lower f et al., 1993; k -J et al., 2019). In Triassic) may mark the onset of the Alpine cycle the Drina–Ivanjica block, the uppermost stratigra- across West Balkan (opening Neotethys/Vardar phic segments of the succession are missing (upper ocean). In SE European scale or within a southern Geol.Carboniferous–Lower an. Balk. poluos., 2020, 81 (1),Permian) 1–9 (ii), as well as the paleogeographic ex tension of the Drina–Ivanjica5 entire upper Permian sequence (iii) The new de - block in North macedonia and Greece, these findings DARko SPAhIć & TIVADAR GAuDEnyI

sensu okoVIć EšIć are moreover aligned with the sporadic occurrence comprehensive comparison (Đ & P , 1985), sensu of the PerouNTrAkIS mian-Triassic withinTAm PfLI the PelagonianChErrEIkS unit the Jadar- and Drina-Ivanjica Paleozoic systems ( m , 1986; S , 2000; S emphasize the two entirely different paleo-depo - et al., 2014). The vicinity of ErZINAa large dextral strike-slipErZINA sitional settings where as the former may record a vs ‘ZvornikSoNToS suture’ ( G , 2010; G & Paleotethyan inter ference. C , 2003) may also mark a Paleotethyan in - The here proposed discrete paleogeographic po- volvement. moreover, this principal disjunctive fault sition allocated at former south European Pangea system could represent a segment of the principal margin (Jadar block) . Apulia/Adria microplate Paleotethyan suture se pa rating the formerly welded (Dri na–Ivanjica block) demands a reassessment of Permo-TriassicTAmPfLI Europe from Africa (see fig. 6 of the imposed cross-lithospheric up-thrusting of the S , 2000). In that case, the Jadar block could be mas sive West Balkan ophiolite massifs of Alpine age. a segment of Late Permian–Triassic south European To summarize, the proposed alternative early Alpine Conclusionspromontory, its westernmost corner. paleogeographic scenario may outline a separate position of the Jadar block along the SE European margin.Acknowledgement

sensu . regardless of the apparent Eocimmerian invol - vement of the Jadar block, Jadar- and Dri na–Ivanjica This research did not receive any specific grant from crustal frag ments have significantPAhIć differences in the Lower Paleozoic- ( S et al , 2018), as well as funding agencies in the public, commercial or not-for- the Late Paleozoic (late Va riscan) to early the Alpine profit sectors. Authors would like to thank anonymous tectonic and paleogeographic evolution. Despite reviewers for the suggested improvementsEA ofoLAr the these cru stal slivers underwent the relevant Varis - manuscripturkoVšEk content. We are also grateful to Dr T k - can (probably succeeded by the Eocimme rian in J for help with the most recent study of case of Jadar block) and Alpine interferences, the Permian-Triassic in the JadarEVENkA block. ourErIć gratitude goes to record of any significant ther mal overprint coupled the Editor-in-Chief Prof. N Đ for a quality with the tectonic shortening of the Jadar block is Referencesreview and publication processes. absent. A mild anchimetamorphic overprint with the preserved sediment ary layering, including the documented presence of the kulm flysch suggest Geology that the Jadar block was probably at the opposite hANNEL oZur European side of the formerly accreted Apulia/AdorN - C , J.E.T. & k , h.W. 1997. how many ria microplate similar as suggested by k et al., oceans? meliata, Vardar, and Pindos oceans in (2010). There is a high likelihood that the Jadar mesozoic Alpine paleogeography. , 25 segment was attached to a SE European margin, thus hIArI(2): 183–186.JErIć ArfAGNoLI rVAToVIć rSTIć having a separate evolution from the Drina–Ivanjica C , m.,EVI D , N.,ALASomA G . f.,ArroNI h , h.,ENNA k , crystalline block (Apu lia/Adria micro plate). moreover, m.,IrTA L , N.,ANDoLfI m , A.,rINCIPI m ,ACCANI m., m ,To f., the spectrum of Sepukhovian ammonoid genera NJADINoVIć, G., P rIVIć, L., P , G., S , E., S - Ofioliti suggests a South Variscan position of the Jadar Block,orN , u. &T , B. 2011. The geology of the implying a narrow basin (western Paleotethys; k -maljen area (western Serbia): a geotra - Palaeo - et al., 2010). In the Alpine plan, Dri na–Ivanjica cry - verse across the ophiolites of the Dinaric-hellenic geography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoeco logy stalline block in turn experienced the multiple SoNToScollisional belt.öröS , 36 (2): 139–166. metamorphic overprinting (tentative Variscan- and C , L. & V , A. 2004. mesozoic plate tectonic confirmed middle ILoVANoVIćJurassic involvement;orkoLáB numeric reconstruction of the Carpathian region. data6 provided by m (1984); P et al., Geol. an. Balk. poluos., 2020, 81 (1), 1–9, (2018). In addition to the previously reported 210: 1–56. Reconsidering Paleozoic differences between the Jadar block and the Drina-Ivanjica unit

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у односу на Дринско–ивањички блок: мањи пермо-тријаских творевина у ПелагонидимаouNTrAkIS степен метаморфизма који је једва променио (Грчка), TAmPfLI потврђеним одChErrEIkS стране m оригинални склоп (присуство јасне слојевито сти (1986); S (2000) иS et al. (2014). у Јадарском блоку, док се Дринско–ивањички Такође, Јадарски блок сеErZINA налази SoNToS у близини палеозоик карактерише фацијом зелених шкри - ЗворничкогErZINA шава (према G & C , 2003; љаца, интензивно пренабранихokoVIć и са присуством G , 2010). Овај транскуренти систем може транспозиције; Đ , 1985), (3) Присутво представљати сегмент главног мега-раседа који пермско - јурске сукцесије; субсиденција као и се развио на некадашњем контакту дела Европе депозиција за време поменутог периода није и северне Африке, који су одвојени најзапад - забележена у овиру Дринско-ивањичког дистал - нијим делом Палеотетиског океанаTAmPfLI (види ног дела микроплоче. палео географску рекострукцију у S , 2000). Најмлађа сукцесија у Дринско–ивањичомokoVIć okoVIć бло- Предложена позиција Ја дарског блока је уз обод куEšIć је карбонске старости (Đ , 1985; Đ & јужно-Европског форланда. Предложени “ал - P , 1985). Присуство горњопермске до тријаске терна тивни” сценарио уобличава позицију седиментационе средине (укључу јући ладинске Јадарског блока као посебан (микро)сегмент тј. пре-карнијске мета-андензите) може одгова - некадашње Варисцијске и пост-Варисцијске рати раноалпској екстензији али такође и развићу јужноевропске маргине, која је била под ути- везаном за најзападнији део Палеотетиса и мо - цајем затварања Палеотетиса. Даља детаљна гућу близину његове „пивот тачке“ тј. места где су истраживања могу бити од значаја за (i) ут - се некада спајале маргине јужне Европе и северне врђивање тачне палеогеографске позиције Африке у пермо-три јаском времену. истраживаног блока током касноварисцијске Различито предложене палеопозиције Јадар - етапе и пермо-тријаса, као и (ii) преиспитивање ске јединице су распоређене дуж некадашњег модела обдуковања неотетијских ChmID офиолита Manuscript received October 14, 2019 европског дела Пангее, тј. њеног јужноевроп- преко целокупногVAN INSBErGEN Јадарског блока (S et al., revised manuscript accepted February 24, 2020 ског обода, а које су највероватније биле 2008, 2020; h et al., 2020). насупрот или у близини orN Апуљско-јадранске микроплоче (као нпр. код k et al., 2010).. Ова реинтерпретација је у сагласности са појавама

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