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Chromite and Other Mineral Deposits in Serpentine Rocks of the Piedmont Upland Maryland, Pennsylvania and Delaware

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Chromite and Other Mineral Deposits in Serpentine Rocks of the Piedmont Upland Maryland, Pennsylvania and Delaware Chromite and Other Mineral Deposits in Serpentine Rocks Of the Piedmont Upland Maryland, Pennsylvania And Delaware By NANCY C. PEARRE and ALLEN V. HEYL, JR. CONTRIBUTIONS TO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1082-K The geology, distribution, production, and mining development of deposits of chromite, titaniferous iron ore, rutile, talc, asbestos, magnesite, sodium-rich feldspar, corundum, and serpentine UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1960 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FRED A. SEATON, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Thomas B. Nolan, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D.C. CONTENTS Page Abstract____._._..._ _.. -... ----- --.. .- 707 Introduction._ -.________.._______-_-----_-__-_----_----____-______ 709 Scope of report_____________-_-_-__--__------_---_---_.______ 710 Acknowledgments._.__._____.-_---_ _'__ _ __---_-__----_____-____ 711 Composition and distribution of serpentine___________________________ 712 Association of serpentine with other igneous rocks________.___...___.__ 713 General geology of the serpentine districts ______ -._-_____-_____-___._. 714 Montgomery County, Md_-_-_---_---_-_-----------_-__--_-_-_- 714 Soldiers Delight and Marriottsville districts _-_____-___.___.____ 714 Hollofield district ....._..._....-_-._..-._-.-_-.__._.._...... 714 Bare Hills district....._-____--._-_-_--_---.._.__-_..._._.. 715 Woodensburg-Cardiff district___-_-_-_-__-_--_-___-_--____-_-_- 716 Jarrettsville-Dublin district..__-_---_-_-__--_-__--_---_-________ 716 State Line district.-.----.._-_-_-------_-----_-----------_----- 718 West Chester district...-_._.. --__- .. .._.__ 719 Philadelphia district....._._.-_.-.--. ___________ 720 Mineral deposits___-___--_-_-___-.-------_---_---_-----_-_-_----- 721 Geologic occurrence______-____----_--___-_---_--__--__-_____. 721 Present status and future outlook -_-___---_-__--___-___-___. 722 Serpentine for decorative, building, and crushed stone ___________ 723 Quarry descriptions.-___._-_-_-_-_-_-_---_-___--______-_._- 724 Soldiers Delight district---------------.----.-------.-.- 725 Bare Hills district---.-. .- .__-...____... 726 Woodensburg-Cardiff district.: _-________-__________ _ 726 Blue Mount quarries..___--___-________--____.__.__ 726 Cardiff "green marble" quarry...._._._-__________ 727 Jarrettsville-Dublin district.............. _ ._.__._. 728 Broad Creek quarfies---__-__-____-___-__.___.-____ 728 State Line district__-------___..____.___._... 728 Cedar Hill (Geiger) quarries._--_.-_-----__.____ 728 West Chester district...___.____-________... 728 Brinton's quarries-------.---------.----..--------- 728 Chromite_______.____.___-_._-___________ 729 Mining and exploration___-___-_-_-___-_____-_-_______._-_- 731 Production. ________...._- ___________ ________ 735 Geologic occurrence_______-----_._____-_____-____________ 743 Chemical composition..___-___---____--_-_____-___________- 746 Conclusions and future outlook______________________________ 751 Mine descriptions_______________________________________ 754 Montgomery County, Md___-_______________________.__ 754 Etchison mine_____-_-.-_---_-_-_-___-_-___-____ 755 Lyde Griffith property______-_-___-___-____________ 755 Soldiers Delight district-_-__-_--__-_-_._-_-_._____-__ 755 Lode chromite___-___-_---_-_-_---____-__-___.___- 755 Weir and Harris mines..-_---_-_-_--__-_______. 756 Choate mine._________________________________ 756 Unnamed mine__.-___-___-_-_-__.__-_.___-____ 757 Calhoun mine---------.-.------------..------- 759 IV CONTENTS Mineral deposits Continued Chromite Continued Mine descriptions Continued Soldiers Delight district Continued Page Placer chromite___________________________________ 759 Triplett and Old Triplett placers__-_---___----_. 759 Gore placer.__________________________________ 760 Dolfield placer________________________________ 760 Bare Hills district.__________________________________ 760 Woodensburg-Cardiff district___________--------_--.__ 762 Jarrettsville-Dublin district-____________________________ 762 Lode chromite..____________.______---_---____--__ 762 Reed mine__________________ __-----_____-__ 763 "Birdseye" mine----_-----_--__--------------- 764 Wilkins (Wilkens) mine.____---_-------------_- 764 Ayres mine--_-______-_-_--_-__---_---_-_--__- 765 Cherry Hill mine_____-______-__---_-------_-_- 765 Placer chromite--_-_-____-___________-_--__--__-__ 766 State Line district__-__-___-______._-___--_-------_---- 766 Lode chromite__-________-__-____-_----_--_--_--_- 766 Line Pit (Lowe's) mine_____._______.____--__- 767 Peoples tract___-_________-_____-_--__-----_- 768 Tyson Reynolds mine and Geiger pits __________ 773 '' Ne wbold' 'mine and prospect pits __---__-_-____ 77 4 Hillside mine__________________.-_-_.___ 774 Wood mine____________________--__--______-_- 775 Carter (Texas) mine--__--_---__---_--_----_-_- 778 Scott and Engine mines___-__-__-_-_----__---_- 779 Kirk mine__________--___._____-_----_______ 780 Pine Grove mines_____________________________ 780 Smith Hilaman's mine.________________________ 781 Mines in the White Barrens______._-_____-.___ 781 Preston farm________________________________ 782 Pits southwest of Rock Springs, Md_---_-___--_- 782 John R. Harris property______________________ 783 Brown's mine_______________-____--___-_-_-__- 783 Little Horse Shoe mine_______________________ 783 "Road" pit__--_____-____-_-_____-----_------_ 783 L. Melrath'spits------__--_-------_____-._ 783 Placer chromite_---_-____-_____--__---------_----_ 783 Conowingo Creek and tributaries._-----__-_---__ 784 Octoraro Creek and tributaries..__--_-_______-__ 784 Northeast and Little Northeast Creeks___________ 787 Little Elk Creek and tributaries.________________ 788 West Chester district_---_____-__-_________________ 788 Philadelphia district.___-___.__________._______ 789 Lode chromite__-_-____--_-____-_____---.____---_- 789 Moro Phillips' mines____________________ 789 Black Horse mine.____________._______________ 789 Walter Green's mine.______--_____----__-__-___ 789 Placer chromite--_-____-_____-_-___--_--__-------- 790 CONTENTS Mineral deposits Continued Titaniferous iron ore.___--__-_---- __---_--____-_____-___-_-_- 790 Woodensburg-Cardiff district__-_-__---__._-__.______-_-_- 791 McComas mine_---_----_-----------_-__--_.____-__--_ 791 Norris mine_____-__-----_-_--_-_-__-_--____-__--____ 791 Jarrettsville-Dublin district._----__-_-_--__-________-_--_-__ 792 Deer Creek and Cherry Hill mines_.-_-_-___-____--__-_ 792 Broad Creek mine____-____--_----_-______-_______-___- 792 State Line district-------_------_--------_-_---___--------- 792 West Chester district--..___________________________. 792 Rutile __-______-____-______--_---__-__-___-___-_____---_--- 792 Talc and soapstone--_-____-___------___-----_-_-_-_____------- 793 Production history___--_-_-_--__-_-__--_____-_____-_-_-__ 794 Geologic occurrence__--_-_-------__--_-_-_-_-________----_- 795 Quarry descriptions.______-_-_---_-___-___-__________---__- 796 Harriottsville district.-_--._---___-._____.________-.-_- 796 Marriottsville quarries..-_-__._._....______.._.._.. 796 Oursler quarries____---_-___-_-_-_____________--__- 796 Jarrettsville-Dublin district---_-____________._.______-__ 797 Rocks (Air's) quarry_----_-__-_.-__.___-._____..__- 797 Dublin quarries-_-_-_-------_---_-_--___.__-_._-_- 797 State Line district._____-----_____-.__________-___-____ 799 Bald Friar quarries.---------.---._.-._.__..__-.-__ 799 Rock Springs quarries..-_.._._._._._._________.._._ 799 Philadelphia district..._-_--____-__.._..____.___.__._._ 799 Prince's quarry__--_-_-_____-___._._____._-_-.__- 800 Gladwyne quarries__-_---.-.--__-_-____.____--__- 800 Other localities.._--_----_-------_-_-_-.----__...__.__. 800 Amphibole asbestos..__________________________________________ 801 Production history..._____-_--__-___-_________-______--___- 801 Geologic occurrence__--_---_-----_-_----____-_-___---_--_-- 802 Future outlook_._____________________________________ 803 Mine descriptions_______-----_---_-_--_-__-_-_______-_-__ 803 Hollofield district.__..._._._._._.._..._____________ 803 Alberton deposit___-___-_-_-._____________-.__-- 803 Bok mine__..._..._..._..._._.____-------- 804 Woodensburg-Cardiff district__-_-_-_____-______..-____ 804 Jenkins (Todd) mine ___.____.___._________._...__. 804 Neikirk mine______-_-_-_---_-_-__-___.-_-_-___- 804 Other localities __-------__-_--._-_--____-_- --_- 804 Jarrettsville-Dublin district-_____-__.-_._.__-__._.___-__ 804 State Line district.-._-_-_----__-_--..-_---._.__-_-__-_ 805 Philadelphia district.--_-_---__----.-_--_--___-_-,-____ 805 Village Green pits-----------------_----______-___- 805 Rockdale pits-_-__----___-_-----_-____.______---__ 805 Smedley's mine_.._-__----_-_-.-____.__-_____-____ 805 Magnesite-________-_________-_-___-_-_-_-________._.______-__ 806 Bare Hills and Soldiers Delight districts.---.__-_-._._____-__- 806 Jarrettsville-Dublin district--__-_____-_-_____-_________.__-- 807 State Line district-_----..-_-_-_.______.._.___-..__._.__-__ 807 Goat Hill..._..._._..._..._._._.......__.._......._... 807 Other mines.__-_-_._-------_------__-___-__._._-----_ 809 VI CONTENTS Mineral deposits Continued Page Sodium-rich feldspar.__________________________________________ 809 Geologic occurrence______________________________________ 809 Future outlook__________________-_________________________ 810 Quarry descriptions________________________________________ 811 Jarrettsville-Dublin district_______________-_____-_______ 811 H. Clay Whiteford and Co. quarry._________________ 811 State Line district-______-_____-_-____.________________ 812 Bald Friar quarries----__--_-_---__--__-___-_-_____ 812 Weiant workings__-______-_____-_-_--_-_-__-_-____ 812 Caldwell quarries..________________________________ 812 Weiant (Wiant) quarry_________________... 813 Riley quarry________________________________ _ ____ 813 Taylor quarry__ ____-_________----____-_-----_-___ 813 Worth Bros, quarry______________________________ 813 Conowingo Marble and Mineral Co. quarry_________ 814 Schofield quarry_-_-_____-__-_-_-__----_--_---___ 814 Dawson and McVey quarries--______-__------_--___- 814 Nottingham quarries.
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