ISSN: 2276-6804 CONTENTS 1. Post-colonial Africa: The Promise Of Independence And The Pain Of 1-15 Dashed Hopes With Particular Focus On The Poor Leadership Factor Prof. E. C. Emordi (Fellow, Wolfson College, Cambridge; Fellow, Historical Society of Nigeria) & Julius O. Unumen, PhD 2. The Geographical Features and the Socio-cultural Life Style of the 16-25 Bandawa Up to 1900 Akombo I. Elijah, PhD, Haruna Hussaini Shumo & Chula Abdulaziz Bilyamin J 3. Interrogating The Citizen Centeredness Of The Nigerian Foreign Policy 25-36 A Since 1960 L Zhema, Shishi, PhD & Francis, John Tenong I 4. Municipal Solid Waste Management In Jalingo Metropolis: An Assessment 37-45 N of people's Perception G Mohammed Bakoji Yusuf, Umar Jauro Abba, O Ayesukwe Rimamsikwe Ishaku & Yusuf Iraru 5. An Assessment Of The Conditions Of School Libraries In Seven Selected 46-53 Public Primary Schools In Nsukka Local Government Area Of Enugu H State I Babarinde, Elizabeth Titilope, Ojobor, Rebecca Chidimma & S Fagbemi Victoria Yemi. T 6. A Reconsideration of the Role and Importance of Leisure and 54-65 O Entertainment in the Traditional Jukun Society R Atando Dauda Agbu, PhD, Magaji Peninnah Joseph & Ruth Samuel Agbu 7. The Multifaceted Importance of Arabic Language in the Nigerian Society 66-72 I Busari, Kehinde Kamorudeen, PhD C 8. The Kona and their Neighbours: A Historical Approach in 73-82 Understanding Inter-group Relations, 1900 – 2000 Ad A Abdulsalami Muyideen Deji, PhD & Edward Nokani L 9. The Management Of Students' Crisis In Nigerian Universities During 83-90 R Military Rule, 1971-1999 Ajala, B. Luqman, Ph.D E 10.Local Government Administration and Rural Development in Brass Local 91-100 V Government Area of Bayelsa State, 1999-2010 I Larry, Steve Ibuomo, PhD E 11.Kuteb Proverbs: An Aspect of Oral Literature 101-105 W Elisha Musa, Yahuza Usman Musa & Azinni Vakkai 12.The Impact of Majority and Minority Issues in the Politics of Development 106-115 V JALINGO in African States since the 1960s: The Case of Nigeria Ayibatari, Yeriworikongha. Jonathan Dodiyovwi, & o Oyovwi Osusu, PhD l 13.The Politics of the 19th Century Jihad and the Establishment of Donga 116-123 . Chiefdom 6 HISTORICAL REVIEW Iliya Ibrahim Gimba & Nwagu Evelyn Eziamaka 14.Panacea to the Plight of Widows in our Contemporary Society: A Multi- 124-128 N Dimensional Approach Ukoha Igwe Sunday, PhD & Uche Ufondu o 15. The Impact of Coronavirus Pandemic on the Religious and Socio- 129-140 1 Economic Activities In Nigeria Luther AnumTimin & Rimamsikwe Habila Kitause, PhD & 16.An Assessment of Challenges of the Sudan United Mission (S.U.M.) 141-151 2 Missionaries in Evangelizing among the Alago People: Lessons for Volume 6 Number 1&2 SEPTEMBER, 2020 today's Church Leaders Oyiwose, Ishaya Owusakyo S 17.Understanding Biblical Archaeology in African Context 152-167 e Gideon Y. Tambiyi, PhD & Na'ankwat Y. Kwapnoe p 18.The Challenges of the Local Government System in Nigeria Today: The 168-179 need for Autonomy and Good Governance t Saleh Omar, PhD e 19.The Contribution of Kano to the Economic Development of Nguru 180-187 m During Colonial Period 1935-1960 Lawan Jafaru Tahir, PhD & Sheriff Garba, PhD b .The Development of Social Networking Sites (SNSS) and its Implication 20 188-192 e on Students' Education In Federal College Of Education Zaria r , Attah Jonathan 21.Romance with Vampires in Festus Iyayi's Violence 193-204 Rebecca Kenseh Daniel Irany, PhD & Wabuji Samuel Adda 2 22.Problem of Good Governance and Challenges of Service Delivery in Nigeria 205-213 0 A JOURNAL OF THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY AND DIPLOMATIC STUDIES, Usen.U. Akpan, PhD 2 23.The Role of Government in Curbing Community Spread of Covid-19 in Nigeria 214-224 Julius Ngomba, Okonkwo, Ifeoma Mary-Marvella & 0 TARABA STATE UNIVERSITY, JALINGO, NIGERIA. Bodi, Fillah Simon HPL HAMEED PRESS LIMITED No. 49 Garu Street Sabonlayi, Jalingo, Taraba State- Nigeria TEL: 08036255661, 07035668900 ISSN: 2276- 6804 i JALINGO HISTORICAL REVIEW ISSN: 2276-6804 JALINGO HISTORICAL REVIEW A Journal of the Department of History & Diplomatic Studies, Taraba State University, Jalingo, Nigeria. Volume 6, Number 1 & 2, September, 2020 JALINGO HISTORICAL REVIEW ii c Department of History & Diplomatic Studies, Taraba State University, Jalingo, 2020 Volume 6 Number 1 & 2, September, 2020 ISSN: 2276-6804 Editor - in- Chief: Akombo I. Elijah, PhD EDITORIAL BOARD Haruna Muhammad Suleiman, PhD (Secretary) Abdulsalami M. Deji, PhD (Editor) Atando Dauda Agbu, PhD (Editor) Stephany I. Akipu, PhD (Member) EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD Prof. Talla Ngarka S. fhsn, Taraba State University, Jalingo, Nigeria Prof. Enoch Oyedele, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria Prof. Michael Noku, Taraba State University, Jalingo Nigeria Prof. Y.A Ochefu, Historical Society of Nigeria, Ibadan, Nigeria Prof. Sarti Fwatshak, University of Jos, Nigeria Prof. Mahmoud Hamman, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria Ass. Prof. Agben Yega Adedze Illinois State University, Normal, III, USA Dr. Eddie Eragbe University of Benin, Nigeria Dr. Pongri Johnson, Adamawa State University, Mubi, Nigeria Dr. Winifred Akoda, University of Calabar, Nigeria Dr. Emordi E.C., Ambrose Ali University, Ekpoma, Nigeria Dr. Jik Henry, University of Buea, Camerron Prof. Felix Chami, University of Dar-es-Salaami, Tanzania SUBMISSION GUIDELINES *Papers should be accompanied by an abstract of not more than 250 words in length and should be typed 1.5 space and should not exceed 6,000 words in length. *All charts/diagrams which must not exceed 3.5 inches by 5.0 inches should be scanned and fixed into appropriate positions within the text. * The APA or MLA referencing Styles are accepted. Consistency is required. Using more than one referencing style in a paper will not be accepted. * Articles should be submitted online to : The Editor, Department of History & Diplomatic Studies, Taraba State University, PMB 1167, Jalingo, Taraba State, Nigeria Email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], iii JALINGO HISTORICAL REVIEW MISSION STATEMENT The history of Africa is, indeed, a reflection of an undulating pendulum manifesting many successive disturbing phases stretching across the primitive to colonial and post-colonial periods. The first phase was characterized by primitive accumulation which was followed by the era of political or imperial revolution characterized by the rise and fall of empires, kingdoms, chiefdoms and state systems. This phase was characterized by mutual hostilities associated with wars of conquest for expansionist purposes, with attendant anarchy and subjugation of some groups to tribute paying status. The second phase was dominated by European exploratory activities on the shores of Africa and associated with unintelligible stories of discoveries of territories and phenomena that had existed in Africa from time immemorial. One major feature of this era was the signing of treaties with African leaders for the benefit of European powers. The phenomenon was not free from hostilities between the European explorers (agents) and patriotic African leaders due to their strong suspicion about the hidden agenda for the treaties. It is not contestable that it was this exercise which paved smooth way for the next phase of African history, which was European mercantilism, imperialism and eventual colonialist activities in Africa. The 19th century ushered in the third phase in African history which was dominated by European colonialist activities in Africa. The era was, no doubt, a violent phase during which African territories were forcefully and violently overpowered by the European colonial powers, prominent among which were Britain, France, Germany and Portugal. For more than a century, Africa became the source of raw materials and markets for the sustenance of industrial revolution in Europe. There is even no gain repeating the fact that this phase was equally characterized by very disturbing variables. The wake of the 20th century ushered in the fourth phase in African history, which was the era of nationalism across Africa. Within this period, the echoes of violent and peaceful nationalist activities filled up the continent, and in the process, colonialism was overwhelmed. Very worrisomely, not long after the overthrow of colonialism that it became eminent that another disturbing phase was emerging in our continental history. The transfer of leadership baton from the colonialists to African leaders soon ushered in the fifth phase, which was interplay of misrule, lack of focus and anarchy. These unfortunate developments ushered in yet another disturbing phase, which was the era of military coups. The emergence of military rule in Africa enthroned dictatorial leadership with attendant gross abuse of fundamental human rights, anarchy and misrule across Africa. The collective cry and efforts by well-meaning Africans, and supported by international organizations like the United Nations Organisation (UNO) and powerful nations resulted in the proscription of military leadership. The strong campaign resulted in the vicious circle of the return to democratic dispensation, which ushered in the current phase. Unfortunately, not soon after the institutionalization of the current vicious phase, an ill- wind blew in with its very disturbing variables. Under the watch of this current phase, nobody needs any mental energy to know that the phase is overwhelmed by unimaginably very shameless vices such as corruption and unprecedented electoral irregularities. It is no doubt