Origin and Development of the Indus Script: Insights from Harappa and Other Sites, In: Lashari, K
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Curriculum Vitae)
Mr. SHAKIR NASEER (Curriculum Vitae) Position: (LECTURER BPS-18) Department of Archaeology, University of Balochistan, Quetta-Pakistan Vital Statistics: • Father’s Name: Naseer Ahmed • Date of Birth: Feb. 07, 1991 • Marital Status: Single • P. Address: Department of Archaeology, University of Balochistan, (JB Campus) Quetta-Pakistan • Cell No. +92-333-3002829 • Email address: [email protected] • Official Email: [email protected] • Academia Profile: https://independent.academia.edu/ShakirNaseer • ResearchGate: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Shakir_Naseer Academic Background: PhD. in Archaeology (2019-in Process) Department of Archaeology, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan M. Phil. in Archaeology (2014-2017) Department of Archaeology, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan M. Phil. Dissertation Archaeological Survey in District Noshki, Balochistan: An Assessment M.Sc. in Archaeology (2012-2014) Taxila Institute of Asian Civilizations (TIAC), Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan M.Sc. Thesis The Museum Collection of Balochistan Study Center, University of Balochistan, Quetta Graduation in BSC (2010-2012) Government Degree College Panjgur, Balochistan Higher Secondary School Certificate (2008-2010) Government Degree College Panjgur, Balochistan MR. SHAKIR NASEER (CURRICULUM VITAE) PAGE 2 Specializations: • Neolithic & Bronze Age archaeology of Balochistan and Pakistan • Museum documentations and museum developments • Field Surveys and Excavations: Trench Marking, Section drawings, -
And Mohenjo-Daro (Site) Fariha A
62 Safeguarding Heritage the People’s Way Learning from the Indus Floods in Sindh, Larkana (City) and Mohenjo-Daro (Site) Fariha A. Ubaid Denkmalschutz gemeinsam mit der Bevölkerung. Höhepunkt der Katastrophe bedeckte das Wasser etwa ein Lektionen aus den Hochwassern des Indus in Sindh Fünftel der Landesfläche (800,000 qkm), mehr als 20 Milli- und Larkana–Mohenjo-Daro onen Menschen waren direkt betroffen, ebenso wie Ernten, Leben mit dem Hochwasser war im Industal ein natürlicher Infrastrukturen, Vieh und die bauliche Substanz ganzer Dör- Prozess seit 5000 Jahren. Um mit der beständigen Bedro- fer und Städte. Die bereitgestellte Unterstützung ging über- hung fertig zu werden, hatten die Siedlungen in den Ebenen wiegend in die Soforthilfe, um den Betroffenen Nahrung und des heutigen Pakistan über die Zeit ihre eigenen Verhaltens- Unterkunft zu verschaffen. Der Schutz von Kulturdenkmalen weisen entwickelt. Dennoch war das Land auf die enormen stand verständlicherweise weit hinten auf der Prioritäten- Fluten, die im Jahr 2010 zusammen mit bisher ungekannten liste nationaler Strategiepläne und häufig wurden die his- Mengen an Monsunregen auftraten, nicht vorbereitet. Beim torischen Stätten von den Evakuierten als Notunterkünfte in Fig. 1: Pakistan with the Indus Valley Safeguarding Heritage the People’s Way ... 63 Beschlag genommen. Der Wiederaufbau bedeutete vor allem die Errichtung neuer Häuser und Infrastruktur. Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die Hochwasser- probleme und Vorsorgemaßnahmen bei den wichtigsten Denkmalstätten im Industal. Technisch-zivilisatorische Interventionen in die Landschaft, wie Dämme, Wehre, Ka- näle, Bewässerungssysteme und Hochwasserschutz-Vor- kehrungen, werden vor dem Hintergrund der historischen Bedeutung der Indus-Kulturen betrachtet. Mit einem der- art übergreifenden Blick wird für das Gebiet der heutigen Stadt Larkana und der benachbarten archäologischen Welterbestätte Mohenjo-Daro eine Analyse der Flutereig- nisse durchgeführt. -
Relation Between Harappan and Brahmi Scripts
Relation Between Harappan And Brahmi Scripts Subhajit Ganguly Email: [email protected] Copyright © Subhajit Ganguly, 2012 Abstract: Around 45 odd signs out of the total number of Harappan signs found make up almost 100 percent of the inscriptions, in some form or other, as said earlier. Out of these 45 signs, around 40 are readily distinguishable. These form an almost exclusive and unique set. The primary signs are seen to have many variants, as in Brahmi. Many of these provide us with quite a vivid picture of their evolution, depending upon the factors of time, place and usefulness. Even minor adjustments in such signs, depending upon these factors, are noteworthy. Many of the signs in this list are the same as or are very similar to the corresponding Brahmi signs. These are similarities that simply cannot arise from mere chance. It is also to be noted that the most frequently used signs in the Brahmi look so similar to the most frequent Harappan symbols. The Harappan script transformed naturally into the Brahmi, depending upon the factors channelizing evolution of scripts. Brahmi Signs: hough a few variants of the Brahmi alphabet system have been known to exist, with the evolution of Brahmi characters, the core signs are seen to be quite consistent over T time. The syntax of their usage has also been found to be roughly consistent throughout this evolution process. Lists of Brahmi numerals, vowels and consonants are provided here in fig. 2and fig. 3 , respectively: 1 Fig. 2 : Brahmi numerals from 1-9. 2 Fig. 3 : Brahmi vowels and consonants. -
Plenti Museum Guidebook
PLENTI MUSEUM GUIDEBOOK Contents BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT ............................................................................................................................. 2 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................................... 3 CHRONOLOGY AND CHARACTERISTICS OF INDIAN PRE-HISTORY ........................................................................... 6 STONE TOOL GALLERY............................................................................................................................................ 7 THE STORY OF MINIATURE GALLERY .................................................................................................................... 15 OPEN AIR GALLERY .............................................................................................................................................. 23 ANNEXURE: STONE TOOL TECHNOLOGY ............................................................ ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT The museum is an ode to our vast pre historic past. It covers an unimaginable expanse of more than two million years, includes many of our cousin species, and goes all the way up to a few thousand years ago, and India’s first great ancient civilization. The museum is a short and immersive ride, that presents the information in an easy to digest fashion, and links what you read to what you see for a complete experience. The project was conceptualized -
Walking with the Unicorn Social Organization and Material Culture in Ancient South Asia
Walking with the Unicorn Social Organization and Material Culture in Ancient South Asia Jonathan Mark KenoyerAccess Felicitation Volume Open Edited by Dennys Frenez, Gregg M. Jamison, Randall W. Law, Massimo Vidale and Richard H. Meadow Archaeopress Archaeopress Archaeology © Archaeopress and the authors, 2018. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd Summertown Pavilion 18-24 Middle Way Summertown Oxford OX2 7LG www.archaeopress.com ISBN 978 1 78491 917 7 ISBN 978 1 78491 918 4 (e-Pdf) © ISMEO - Associazione Internazionale di Studi sul Mediterraneo e l'Oriente, Archaeopress and the authors 2018 Front cover: SEM microphotograph of Indus unicorn seal H95-2491 from Harappa (photograph by J. Mark Kenoyer © Harappa Archaeological Research Project). Access Back cover, background: Pot from the Cemetery H Culture levels of Harappa with a hoard of beads and decorative objects (photograph by Toshihiko Kakima © Prof. Hideo Kondo and NHK promotions). Back cover, box: Jonathan Mark Kenoyer excavating a unicorn seal found at Harappa (© Harappa Archaeological Research Project). Open ISMEO - Associazione Internazionale di Studi sul Mediterraneo e l'Oriente Corso Vittorio Emanuele II, 244 Palazzo Baleani Archaeopress Roma, RM 00186 www.ismeo.eu Serie Orientale Roma, 15 This volume was published with the financial assistance of a grant from the Progetto MIUR 'Studi e ricerche sulle culture dell’Asia e dell’Africa: tradizione e continuità, rivitalizzazione e divulgazione' All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owners. Printed in England by The Holywell Press, Oxford This book is available direct from Archaeopress or from our website www.archaeopress.com © Archaeopress and the authors, 2018. -
Mehrgarh Neolithic
Paper presented in the International Seminar on the "First Farmers in Global Perspective', Lucknow, India, 18-20 January, 2006 Mehrgarh Neolithic Jean-Fran¸ois Jarrige From 1975 to 1985, the French Archaeological had already provided a summary of the main results Mission, in collaboration with the Department of brought by the excavations conducted from 1977 Archaeology of Pakistan, has conducted excavations to 1985 in the Neolithic sector of Mehrgarh. in a wide archaeological area near to the modern From 1985 to 1996, the excavations at Mehrgarh village of Mehrgarh in Balochistan at the foot of the were stopped and the French Mission undertook the Bolan Pass, one of the major communication routes excavation of a mound close to the village of between the Iranian Plateau, Central Asia and the Nausharo, 6 miles South of Mehrgarh. This excavation Indus Valley. showed clearly that the mound of Nausharo had Mehrgarh is located in the Bolan Basin, in the north- been occupied from 3000 to 2000 BC. After a western part of the Kachi-Bolan plain, a great alluvial Period I contemporary with Mehrgarh VI and VII, expanse that merges with the Indus Valley (Fig. 1). Periods II and III (c. 2500 to 2000 BC) at Nausharo The site itself is a vast area of about 300 hectares belong to the Indus (or Harappan) civilisation. covered with archaeological remains left by a Therefore the excavations at Nausharo allowed us to continuous sequence of occupations from the 8th to link in the Kachi-Bolan region, the Indus civilisation the 3rd millennium BC. to a continuous sequence of occupations starting from the aceramic Neolithic period. -
Walking with the Unicorn Social Organization and Material Culture in Ancient South Asia
Walking with the Unicorn Social Organization and Material Culture in Ancient South Asia Jonathan Mark KenoyerAccess Felicitation Volume Open Edited by Dennys Frenez, Gregg M. Jamison, Randall W. Law, Massimo Vidale and Richard H. Meadow Archaeopress Archaeopress Archaeology © Archaeopress and the authors, 2017. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd Summertown Pavilion 18-24 Middle Way Summertown Oxford OX2 7LG www.archaeopress.com ISBN 978 1 78491 917 7 ISBN 978 1 78491 918 4 (e-Pdf) © ISMEO - Associazione Internazionale di Studi sul Mediterraneo e l'Oriente, Archaeopress and the authors 2018 Front cover: SEM microphotograph of Indus unicorn seal H95-2491 from Harappa (photograph by J. Mark Kenoyer © Harappa Archaeological Research Project). Access Back cover, background: Pot from the Cemetery H Culture levels of Harappa with a hoard of beads and decorative objects (photograph by Toshihiko Kakima © Prof. Hideo Kondo and NHK promotions). Back cover, box: Jonathan Mark Kenoyer excavating a unicorn seal found at Harappa (© Harappa Archaeological Research Project). Open ISMEO - Associazione Internazionale di Studi sul Mediterraneo e l'Oriente Corso Vittorio Emanuele II, 244 Palazzo Baleani Archaeopress Roma, RM 00186 www.ismeo.eu Serie Orientale Roma, 15 This volume was published with the financial assistance of a grant from the Progetto MIUR 'Studi e ricerche sulle culture dell’Asia e dell’Africa: tradizione e continuità, rivitalizzazione e divulgazione' All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owners. Printed in England by The Holywell Press, Oxford This book is available direct from Archaeopress or from our website www.archaeopress.com © Archaeopress and the authors, 2017. -
Unit-1 Global Tourist Traffic Trends and Receipts Patterns Over the Years
International Tourism BTTM-203 UNIT-1 GLOBAL TOURIST TRAFFIC TRENDS AND RECEIPTS PATTERNS OVER THE YEARS Structure: 1.1 Objectives. 1.2 Introduction. 1.3 Tourist traffic trends over the years 1.3.1 Present Scenario 1.3.2 Regional Highlights 1.4 Tourism receipts over the years. 1.4.1 Present Scenario 1.5 Let Us Sum Up 1.6 Clues to Answers 1.7 References 1.1 OBJECTIVES: After reading this Unit you will be able to: • To understand the tourist arrivals patterns in past few years, • To know about the trends of tourist receipts in international tourism, • To understand the pattern of tourist arrivals all over the world • To know about the most visited countries. • To know about the top tourism receipts earners. 1.2 INTRODUCTION: Tourism has become a popular global leisure activity. In 2010, there were over 940 million international tourist arrivals, with a growth of 6.6% as compared to 2009. International tourism receipts grew to US$ 919 billion (euro 693 billion) in 2010, corresponding to an increase in real terms of 4.7% .The massive movement of tourists world over and the economic transformation that is taking place because of tourism are known features of tourism. However, the unimaginable growth of international tourism has also brought about rapid changes in terms of economic growth as well as decline. 1 International Tourism BTTM-203 In this Unit, we attempt to give an overview of the issues involved in tourism at a global level and the economic impacts that have been generated or felt as a result of it. -
Megalithic Pochampad: the Skeletal Biology and Archaeological Context Ofan Iron Age Site in Andhra Pradesh) India
Megalithic Pochampad: The Skeletal Biology and Archaeological Context ofan Iron Age Site in Andhra Pradesh) India KENNETH A. R. KENNEDY IRON TECHNOLOGY EMERGED IN SOUTH ASIA from regional Copper Age (Chalcolithic) and Bronze Age (Harappan) traditions by 1000 B.C., replacing the dominance of these earlier metallurgical industries at different times prior to the dawn of the Early Historic period (Nagaraja Rao 1971, 1981). Marking the final "Age" of Indian prehistory, iron is uncovered in the archaeological assemblages of the Gandharan Grave Culture of northern Pakistan (1000-300 B.C.), at Pirak and other sites on the Kachi Plain of Pakistan's Indus Valley (by 900 B.C.), with the Painted Grey Ware cultural tradition extending from Baluchistan in western Pakistan to Uttar Pradesh in northern India (900-300 B.C.), and with the "mega lithic complex" that spread from the Himalaya foothills southward to penin sular India and Sri Lanka from the early second millennium B.C. in Kashmir to c. A.D. 50 in south India (Agrawal 2000; Chakrabarti 1992; Deo 1985; Kennedy 2000a:326-357, 2000c; Leshnik 1974; Possehl and Rissman 1992; Possehl and Gullapalli 1999) (Fig. 1). Megaliths are stone monuments visible on the landscape as alignments of standing stones, single stone slabs supported by several boulders to form an enclosed space (dolmens, dolmenoid cists), single or grouped upright standing stones (menhirs), arrangements of large boulders in a circle, and cairns of heaped rubble (Fig. 2). Some above-ground or shallowly buried dolmenoid cists had "port holes" or passages allowing for access of grave goods, food, or additional skeletal remains into the burial chamber. -
Ancestral Dravidian Languages in Indus Civilization
ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-021-00868-w OPEN Ancestral Dravidian languages in Indus Civilization: ultraconserved Dravidian tooth-word reveals deep linguistic ancestry and supports genetics ✉ Bahata Ansumali Mukhopadhyay 1 Ever since the discovery of Indus valley civilization, scholars have debated the linguistic identities of its people. This study analyzes numerous archaeological, linguistic, archae- 1234567890():,; ogenetic and historical evidences to claim that the words used for elephant (like, ‘pīri’, ‘pīru’) in Bronze Age Mesopotamia, the elephant-word used in the Hurrian part of an Amarna letter of ca. 1400 BC, and the ivory-word (‘pîruš’) recorded in certain sixth century BC Old Persian documents, were all originally borrowed from ‘pīlu’, a Proto-Dravidian elephant-word, which was prevalent in the Indus valley civilization, and was etymologically related to the Proto- Dravidian tooth-word ‘*pal’ and its alternate forms (‘*pīl’/‘*piḷ’/‘*pel’). This paper argues that there is sufficient morphophonemic evidence of an ancient Dravidian ‘*piḷ’/‘*pīl’-based root, which meant ‘splitting/crushing’, and was semantically related to the meanings ‘tooth/tusk’. This paper further observes that ‘pīlu’ is among the most ancient and common phytonyms of the toothbrush tree Salvadora persica, which is a characteristic flora of Indus valley, and whose roots and twigs have been widely used as toothbrush in IVC regions since antiquity. This study claims that this phytonym ‘pīlu’ had also originated from the same Proto-Dravidian tooth-word, and argues that since IVC people had named their toothbrush trees and tuskers (elephants) using a Proto-Dravidian tooth-word, and since these names were widely used across IVC regions, a significant population of Indus valley civilization must have used that Proto-Dravidian tooth-word in their daily communication. -
The Evolution of Early Writing in India
The Evolution of Early Writing in India Subhash Kak Indian Journal of History of Science, vol. 28, 1994, pp. 375-388 I The Indus-Sarasvat¯ı cultural tradition represents the be- ginnings of the Indian civilization. This tradition has been traced back to about 7000 B.C. in remains that have been uncovered in Mehrgarh and other sites.1 Its first urban phase was during the Harappan period of 2600-1900 B.C. The writ- ing used in this phase has hitherto been called the Indus writing, but it appears that it should be properly named the Sarasvat¯ıwriting2 because most of the settlements in this period were along the Sarasvat¯ı river and because the Indian tradition associates Sarasvat¯ı with learning and literacy in its earliest phase. Goddesses have symbolized later scripts as well such as Br¯ahm¯ıandS¯´arad¯a. It is now believed that the capture of Sutudr¯´ ı (Satluj) and Yamun¯a, the two main tributaries of the Sarasvat¯ıriver,by Indus and Gang¯ _ a around 1900 B.C. led to the desiccation of Sarasvat¯ı and collapse of the Harappan urban phase. The focus of the civilization started moving east and south. The Indus-Sarasvat¯ı tradition continued in a state of decline until a second urbanization began in the Gang¯ _ a-Yamun¯a valley around 900 B.C. The earliest surviving records of this culture are in Br¯ahm¯ı script. This second urbanization is generally seen at the end of the Painted Gray Ware (PGW) phase and with the use of the Northern Black Polished Ware (NBP) pottery.3 Late Harappan was partially contemporary with the 1 PGW phase so that we see a continuous series of cultural developments linking the two early urbanizations of India. -
Department of Archaeology
Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Latest Discoveries in the Cultural Heritage of Ancient Gandhara and Other Parts of Pakistan Main Stupa at Najigram, Swat Valley September 4 - 6, 2005 Swat DEPARTMENTUniversity OF of ARCHAEOLOGY Peshawar Ancient Pakistan, Vol. XVII - 2006 Symposium CONTENTS Title Page Introduction, Aims and Objective and other related Information (Pre-scheduled 46 programme) ....................................................................................................................... Ethnic Profile of Gandhara ……..................................................................................... Abdur Rehman and Shah Nazar Khan 75 Terracotta Female Figurines from Protohistoric Swat …………….........................… 83 Arundhati Banerji Monsoon Preparation Work at DK-G Area Moenjodaro During 2005 ……………… 91 Muhammad Safdar Khan The Darel Valley: the Chinese Sources and the Field Research (1998-2004)……….. 101 Haruko Tsuchiya Fascinating Discoveries from Buddhist Sanctuary of Badalpur, District Haripur, Taxila Valley …………………………………………………………………………… 119 Muhammad Arif and M.H.Khan Khattak Kaka Khel Ancestor Adam Baba and his Tomb at Karboga (Kohat) N.W.F.P ……… 127 Shakirullah and Gul Rahim Khan Ghaligai Hill Engravings Reveal a Personification of “Uttarasena” (King of Uddiyana): A New Thought …………………………………………………………… 133 Badshah Sardar A Copper Hoard of the Great Kusanas ……………………………………………… 139 Gul Rahim Khan Lower Palaeolithic in the Soan Valley, Rawalpindi, Pakistan …………………….. Muhammad Salim 159 Glimpses of the International Symposium in Pictures ……………….…………….. 167 Note: Out of thirty two presentations (see pp.70-72), only the above nine papers were received for publication. 45 Ancient Pakistan, Vol. XVII - 2006 Symposium INTRODUCTION Department of Archaeology, University of Peshawar The Department of Archaeology was established in 1962 by the University of Peshawar under the founding Chairman Professor Ahmad Hasan Dani, an archaeologist of international repute. Apart from regular M.A., M.Phil.