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An Archeological Survey of the Addicks Dam Basin An archaeological survey of the Addicks Dam Basin, southeast Texas Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Wheat, Joe Ben Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 07/10/2021 05:21:29 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/553775 AN ARCHEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE ADDICKS DAM BASIN, SOUTHEAST TEXAS by Joe Ben Wheat H A Thesis submitted to the faculty of the Department of Anthropology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in the Graduate College, University of Arizona 1949 Approved ________ , Director of ThAdds nr:;} cj"3 ^ fa rnc E 9iq| /?</? TABLi. OF CONTENTS Page Acknowledgements........................................ Introduction............................................. I4. Environment............................................. Topography............................................ 8 Geology.............................................. Drainage System....................................... 10 Climate.............................................. 12 Biota................................................. 13 Ethno-Hi story........................................... l6 Early Exploration of the Galveston Bay Area.......... 17 Founding of the Missions.............................. 20 The Historic Indians around Galveston Bay............. 21 The Culture of the Galveston Bay Indians............. 23 Descriptions of Addicks Basin Sites.................... 27 The Addicks ’’Hound” (1|2/66a 6-1)...................... 27 Burial 1 ........................................... 29 Site 42/66a 6-6 ....................................... 30 Site 42/06A6-7......................... ............. 31 Site I|.2/66a 6-3........................................ 32 The Doering Site (I|.2/66a 6-2)........................ 32 Burial 1 ......................................... 37 Burial 2 ......................................... 38 Burial 3 ......................................... 38 203240 Page Burial I4............................................ 39 Site 1}.2/66a 6-5 . .......................... k° Site 1|.2/66a 6-1|.......................... ip- The Kobs Site (^2/66A6-3).................... • •--- 4-3 Burial $........................... ij.? Burial 6........................................... ij-7 Burial 7 ......................... i}-9 The Grisbee Site (42/66A3-1) • ......................... 4-9 Material Culture......................... 5>2 Pottery Complex.......... ............................. .52 Goose Creek Plain.................................. 53 Goose Creek Incised................................ 56 Tchefuncte Stamped........................ 58 Unidentified Wares ...... 59 Miscellaneous Objects of Clay..................... 59 Ceramic Stratigraphy.................... oO Discussion............ 63 Lithic Complex....................................... 71 Projectile Points........................ 78 Upper Level Types............... 78 . Middle and Lower Level Projectile Points...... 81f Unplaced Projectile .Point Types............... 100 Projectile .Point Stratigraphy............... lOlj. ’ Discussion.......... .......................... 107 Miscellaneous Lithic Artifacts.............. Ill Page Knives............ Ill Scrapers............ 118 Choppers....................... 120 Celt.......... 121 Miscellaneous Chipped Stone................... 12lj- Gravers.................. 124 Eccentric Flint............................ 125 Ground Stone..................... 125 Atlatl Weights (Banner Stones)..... ........ 125 Sandstone Abraders and Saws................ 126 Milling Stone................................ 126 Hand Stone............................. 12? Hammer Stones...................... 127 Miscellaneous Minerals............. 127 Paint Pigments...................... 127 Stratigraphy and Discussion of Miscellaneous Lithic Artifacts............................. 128 Bone, Antler, and Shell Complex..................... 132 Bone........... 133 Antler.... ........................ 135 Shell.................. .....i....................137 Stratigraphy and Discussion of Bone, Antler, and Shell Artifacts........ 137 Subsistence................ ll^O Animal Bone Refuse......................... llj-3 Summary and Conclusions.............. llj.7 Page Appendix: Trait List for Addicks Basin Sites........... 163 Bibliography................................................ l66 LIST OF PLATES Plate 1. Doering Site and Profile. Plate 2. Kobe Site and View of Excavation Showing Burial 6 . Plate 3» Pottery, Restored Vessels. Plate if. pottery. Decorated Sherds. Plate 5* Pottery, Decorated Sherds. Plate 6 . Projectile Points: Perdiz Pointed Stem, Scalhorn Stemmed, Eddy Stemmed. Plate 7• Projectile Points: Alba Barbed, Kobs Triangular, and Miscellaneous Types Nos. 1 , 2 , 3 , and If. Plate 8 . Projectile Points: Gary Stemmed Points. Plate 9♦ Projectile Points: Miscellaneous Types Nos. 6 , 7, 8 , 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, llf, and Wells Contracting Stem. Plate 10. Projectile Points: Miscellaneous Types Nos. 1$, 16, 17, 18, 1 9 , 20, 21, 22, 23, 2if; Pedernalos Indented Stem, and Clovis Fluted (?). Plate 11. Projectile Points, Unplaced Chronologically: Miscellaneous Types Nos. 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32; Copena Point, Plainview Point, and Baird Beveled Point. Plate 12. Knives: Types Nos. la, lb, 1c, Id, 2, and 3• Plate 13. Knives: Types Nos. if, 5, 6a, and 6b. Plate llf. Scrapers. Plate 15. Choppers. Plate 1 6 . Drills, Gravers, and Eccentric Flint. Plate 17. Ground Stone, Atlatl Weight, Sandstone Abraders and Saws, Milling Stone, and Hand Stone. Plate 18. Miscellaneous Minerals and Paint Pigments. Plate 1 9 . Artifacts of Bone, Antler, and Shell. LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 . Map of General Area. Figure 2. Map of Site Distribution with Inset Showing Relation of Addicks Dam, Barker Dam, and Houston, Texas. Figure 3a. Sketch Map, Addicks "Mound". 3b. Burial 1, Addicks "Mound". Figure I4.. Sketch Map, Doering Site (^2/66A6-2). Figure Contour Map and Plan of Excavation, Doering Site (i+2/6o A6-2 ). Figure 6 . Profiles, Doering Site (I4.2/66a 6-2). Figure 7 . Burials, Doering Site (1^/66a 6-2). Figure 8a. Sketch Map, Site 1|2/66a 6-4* 8b. Stratigraphic Section, Site I|.2/66a 6-4« Figure 9• Sketch Map, Kobs Site (lj-2/66A6-3) • Figure 10. Contour Map and Plan of Excavation, Kobs Site (42/66A6-3). Figure 11. Profiles, Kobs Site (42/66a 6-3)• Figure 12. Burials, Kobs Site (1|2/66a 6-3) . Figure 13a. Sketch Map, Grisbee Site (42/66a 3~1)• 13b. Stratigraphic Section, Grisbee Site (42/66A3-1)• Figure 1^. Pottery, Rim and Lip Profiles. Figure 15>. Vessel Shapes. Figure l6 . Base Shapes. Figure 1 7 . Graph Showing Comparative Projectile Point Stratigraphy of Doering and Kobs Sites. Figure 18. Relative Chronology of the Addicks Basin Sites. LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Sherd Count from Stratlteat Squares at Doering, Kobs, l±2/GGkG-l\., and Grisbee Sites. Table 2. Frequency Distribution by Site and Level of Rim Profiles. Table 3• Provenience of Upper Level Types of Projectile Points. Table I4.. Provenience of Middle and Lower Level Types of Projectile Points. Table £• Percentage Distribution of Projectile points from Doering and Kobs Sites by Type and Level. Table 6. Provenience of Miscellaneous Lithic Artifacts. Table 7• Provenience of Bone, Antler, and Shell Artifacts. Table 8. Animal Species Represented in the Doering and Kobs Sites and Site 1{2/66a 6-\\.. Table 9 • Trait List of Addicks Basin Sites. (Appendix). 1 ACKN OWLEDG-EMENTS It is an often repeated statement that any work of re­ search is not the product of the student alone, but of many individuals whose contributions vary in character and extent. In verification of this adage, I append the names of those who have, through their generous help and encouragement, aided in the writing of this report. The writer wishes to acknowledge gratefully the help of the personnel of the Department of Anthropology of the Uni­ versity of Texas. Dr. J. G. McAllister, then Chairman of the department, made available laboratory and storage space for the use of the Smithsonian Institution River Basin Surveys. Encouragement and direct help in archeological problems have been freely given by Mr. Alex D. Krieger and Drs. J. Charles Kelley and Thomas N. Campbell. Colonel D. W. Griffith, then Commanding Officer of the Corps of Engineers, Galveston District, made possible the excavation of the Doering and Kobs Sites by making available a crew of laborers. Mr. John M. Sims greatly facilitated the work by his cooperation in administration of the crew and by securing certain field equipment. All employees of the Addicks and Galveston offices of the Corps of Engineers were helpful and interested in the progress of the field work. I wish also to thank the various crew members who ful­ filled their jobs with interest and competence. 2 Mr. Marshall Black and Mr. Charles Galenkamp aided in the field, and Mr. Black's carefully kept field notes on the Addicks "Mound" were of considerable use. The cooperation and help of Dr. Frank II. H. Roberts, Jr., in his over-all direction of the project, lightened the burden of field work and raade the subsequent task of writing the report easier. For the identification of various materials I am in­ debted to these workers: Shell, Dr. Joseph P. E. Morrison, of
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