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Coaching Motivations Behind Over-Signing in College Football

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Coaching Motivations Behind Over-Signing in College Football COACHING MOTIVATIONS BEHIND OVER-SIGNING IN COLLEGE FOOTBALL Robert M. Turick A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF EDUCATION August 2014 Committee: Amanda Paule-Koba, Advisor Ray Schneider Sungho Cho ii ABSTRACT Amanda Paule-Koba, Advisor This study sought to determine what factors influenced the decision making processes of college football coaches when over-signing a recruiting class or their returning roster. The NCAA Bylaws limit Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) football programs to a total number of scholarships to 85 "counters" annually including 25 scholarships for "initial counters." Over- signing is the term used to describe the practice of college programs signing prospective collegiate athletes to a National Letter of Intent (NLI) that may exceed the maximum number of athletic scholarships permitted by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), or when a team brings in a recruiting class that pushes the team’s amount of counters past 85 scholarships. This action results in that coaching staff taking a scholarship away from a returning player or later informing an incoming freshman that the school is not able to honor its commitment and provide him with a scholarship. Sport media writers have commented that there are many reasons/concerns for which a coach might over-sign a class such as the fact that recruits often sign a NLI and then do not qualify academically, indecisive recruits, general attrition, and that football has a high transfer rate amongst its athletes (Bachman, 2011; Doyel, 2010; Feldman, 2007; Gordon, 2011; Johnson, 2011; Machen, 2011; Towers, 2011; Whiteside; 2011). Any of these occurrences could leave a coach with a shortage of athletes, but by signing extra prospects a coach can avoid being left short/devoid of talent. Although these ideas have been written about they have not been examined through an empirical study. This study used 19 interviews with college football coaches and personnel staff to determine that over-signing occurs because of general attrition, fickle recruits, it is seen as an accepted practice, teams can gain a competitive edge, and that coaches feel pressured to win consistently. iii ACKNOWLEDMENTS There are many people I would like to thank who have helped me in the construction and completion of this thesis. First and foremost, my advisor Dr. Amanda Koba for never letting me stress too much. In my past I have had moments were I would get very anxious and worried, but you kept me grounded. This study seemed incredibly daunting when I first started it, but you have helped me throughout this process in determining what I need to do to break up something massive into several little manageable parts. I also need to thank Dr. Amy Morgan and Dr. Nancy Spencer for being fantastic educators in the classroom and preparing me to write this thesis. I used a lot of the advice that you provided in your research methods and qualitative research interpretations classes to construct my interview guide, recruitment letter, consent forms, coding system. I would also like to thank Dr. Sungho Cho and Dr. Ray Schneider for agreeing to serve on my thesis committee. I have to thank my mom for having an amazing work ethic that I one day hope to model. It would be hard for me to be lazy after observing how hard she has worked throughout my life. I would also like to thank my family and friends for continuing to encourage me to finish this thesis while at the same time helping me to enjoy my time at school so that I did not grow to hate my own research. Lastly, I’d like to thank my participants. Thank you for your honesty, and in many cases humor, when you shared your opinions on over-signing and the recruitment process. The fact that many of you were passionate about college football recruiting and the topic that I was researching helped to make the process interesting and exciting for me. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 1 Statement of the Problem ............................................................................................................ 1 Purpose of the Study and Research Questions ............................................................................ 4 Research Design .......................................................................................................................... 5 Significance of the Study ............................................................................................................ 8 CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE ................................................................................. 9 The Recruiting Process.............................................................................................................. 10 The National Letter of Intent ..................................................................................................... 13 Early Signing Period Debate ..................................................................................................... 15 What Fans Care About .............................................................................................................. 17 Media Coverage of Over-Signing ............................................................................................. 19 Greyshirting and the Fear of Academic Ineligibility ................................................................ 25 Pressures Faced by Those in Power .......................................................................................... 27 Ethics, Morals, and Values in College Football ........................................................................ 30 Governing Body Oversight ....................................................................................................... 34 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 38 CHAPTER III: METHODS .......................................................................................................... 39 Research Design ........................................................................................................................ 39 Participants ................................................................................................................................ 41 v Participant Profiles .................................................................................................................... 42 Data Collection Procedures ....................................................................................................... 46 Data Analysis ............................................................................................................................ 48 Trustworthiness ......................................................................................................................... 50 CHAPTER IV: RESULTS ............................................................................................................ 52 General Attrition ....................................................................................................................... 52 Fickle Recruits........................................................................................................................... 57 Accepted Practice ...................................................................................................................... 61 Competitive Edge ...................................................................................................................... 65 Winning Emphasis .................................................................................................................... 68 Early Signing Day ..................................................................................................................... 71 CHAPTER V: DISCUSSION ....................................................................................................... 76 Over-Signing as a Necessary Evil ............................................................................................. 76 Coaches and a Demanding Fan Base ........................................................................................ 80 Lack of Preventative/Punitive Measures ................................................................................... 83 CHAPTER VI: CONCLUSION ................................................................................................... 87 Implications ............................................................................................................................... 90 Reflexivity ................................................................................................................................. 93 Limitations ................................................................................................................................ 94 Final Remarks ........................................................................................................................... 95 vi REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................. 96 APPENDIX A: INTERVIEW GUIDE ....................................................................................... 107 APPENDIX B: CONSENT FORM ...........................................................................................
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