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Public Parks As a Way to Improve the Quality of Life in Saudi Arabia International Best Practices

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Public Parks As a Way to Improve the Quality of Life in Saudi Arabia International Best Practices Public parks as a way to improve the quality of life in Saudi Arabia International best practices May 2021 Table of Contents Observations Examples of famous parks Parks in Riyadh and Jeddah Plants of Saudi Arabia 1 Because of the arid climate and different usage patterns, an adaption of Northern Hemisphere park styles to the local environment is required OBSERVATIONS 1 Famous parks in metropolitan areas usually have a long history, often being transformed into a public park after having started as hunting grounds, gardens/parks of the nobility, or agricultural areas. Their initial purpose served de-facto as a place holder, thus enabling the use of a comparatively large area in a central place of a major city 2 A typical urban park is of substantial size, usually serving a large number of people living in the vicinity of the park. The park is normally reached either by walking, or with urban transportation. Most parks are in the range of 150-400 ha of area. Lakes, channels or creeks are common elements 3 The typical large park in the Northern hemisphere is a mix of open spaces with forest areas with huge trees, often several hundred years old. Maintaining a typical metropolitan park comes with a substantial cost in the range of USD 40-60mn of operational expenses p.a. 4 Saudi parks consist mostly of open spaces with a comparatively low number of trees. They are typically used by families for picnic, BBQ and usually provide a large playground for children. Due to the hot climate the parks are frequented mostly in the late hours. Most of these parks are small compared to parks in Europe or the US 5 There is a number of Saudi plants suitable for parks, the date palm being the favorite plant, but also including the Red Acacia, the Charcoal Tree or the Desert Rose Source: Team analysis 2 Table of Contents Observations Examples of famous parks Parks in Riyadh and Jeddah Plants of Saudi Arabia 3 From a representative sample of top-notch urban parks, 10 were selected for detailed benchmarking Royal Parks, United Kingdom Hyde Park Kensington Gardens Richmond Park Bushy Park St James Park Victoria Tower The Regent’s Park Greenwich Park Brompton Cemetery The Green Park Gardens Top parks according to various rankings Royal Botanic Villa Doria Pamphili, Ibirapuera Park, São Forest Park, St Luxembourg Gardens, Melbourne Rome Paulo Louis Garden, Paris Central Park, New Balboa Park, San Park Güell, Stanley Park, Hibiya Park, Tokyo Vancouver York City Diego Barcelona Griffith Park, Los Royal National City Lumphini Park, Golden Gate Park, Millenium Park, Angeles Park, Stockholm Bangkok San Francisco Chicago English Garden, Shinjuku Gyoen National King Abdullah Park, Parque del Buen Kings Park, Perth Retiro, Madrid Munich Garden, Tokyo Riyadh Planned parks Mohammed bin Rashid City Park, Dubai Selected for benchmarking Source: https://mashable.com/2014/06/22/greatest-parks/#Izw4ITLwsaq1 , https://awol.junkee.com/these-are-the-15-most-beautiful-parks-around-the-world/46808 https://www.royalparks.org.uk , https://travel.usnews.com/rankings/best-national-parks-in-the-world , Team analysis 4 Some features seem to be a must for any park, others are optional to a varying degree Percentage of Central Park, Hyde Park English Shinjuku King Abdullah Forest Park, St Luxembourg Stanley Park, Kings Park, instances a New York City Garden, Gyoen Park, Riyadh Louis Garden, Paris Vancouver Perth feature is Munich National present Garden, Tokyo Landscape Forest/Trees 100% Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Special/Exotic plants 67% N N N Y Y Y Y Y Y Botanical garden 33% N N N Y N N Y N Y Greenhouses 33% N Y N Y N N Y N N Lawns/Meadows 100% Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Ponds/Lakes 100% Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Streams 56% Y N Y Y N Y Y N N Decorative elements Sculptures 67% Y Y N N N Y Y Y Y Memorials 44% N Y N N N Y N Y Y Fountains 22% N N N N Y N Y N N Catering Restaurants 89% Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y Stalls/Kiosks 89% N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Picnic/Barbecue areas 44% N N N N Y Y N Y Y Entertainment Theaters 22% Y N Y N N N N N N Museums 33% Y N N Y N Y N N N Discovery Center 56% Y N N Y N Y N Y Y Zoo/Animals 33% Y N N N N Y N Y N Playgrounds 100% Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Concerts 89% Y Y Y N Y Y Y Y Y Festivals 67% N Y N Y N Y Y Y Y Other events 89% Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y Sports Soccer, basketball, etc. 67% Y Y Y N N Y N Y Y Running, skating, etc. 78% Y Y Y N Y Y N Y Y Horse riding 22% N Y Y N N N N N N Golf 11% N N N N N Y N N N Tennis 44% N Y Y N N Y N N Y Feature present in at least 80% of examples Feature present in 50-80% of examples Feature present in less than 50% of examples Source: Team analysis 5 Best printed in A3 Famous parks and their components BACKUP Park Size Plants & Animals Water Art Entertainment Catering Typical usage Size, Visitors, Budget, Forest & Trees Special plants, Lawns & Animals Ponds, Lakes Sculptures, Sports Children Education Events Restaurants, Grill & Activities ha p.a., mn mn botanical Meadows species & Streams memorials stalls & BBQ gardens, and fountains kiosks places greenhouses Central Park, New York 341 40 USD 65 > 25 th. trees, incl. none Seven major Urban Natural 29 sculptures Jogging, Enclosed none Open air 2 indoor none Walking and 1,700 American elms lawns species looking lakes skating, cycling, playgrounds concerts & restaurants sports (birds) & ponds team sports theater Hyde Park, London 142 10 GBP 10 3,174 trees, 37% of it 1.6 ha of green Several Urban Two large Assorted Football, tennis, none Speaker’s Concerts, Several none Walking and (est.) London planes houses major lawns species lakes statues & horse riding, corner Winter restaurants, sports (birds) memorials cycling Wonderland at cafes, kiosks Christmas English Garden, Munich 370 6 EUR Several thousand in none 187 ha 50-60 bird Several lakes Japanes Jogging, Some none None, 4 none Walking and 2.7 150 ha of forest meadows species (16 ha), 8,75 Teahouse, bicycling, horse playgrounds Performances in restaurants, sports, (Nude) km of Greek riding, surfing a small 4 kiosks, sunbathing streams Temple, amphitheater large outdoor Chinese beer gardens Tower Mohammed bin Rashid City Park, 200 80 tbd The Mohammed bin Rashid City Park is still under planning/construction Dubai Shinjuku Gyoen National Garden, 58 2 na > 20,000 trees, 1,700 exotic Some lawn Urban A number of Art gallery none Mother-and- none Chrysanthemum Restaurant, none Walking, Tokyo including 1,500 cherry plants in areas species connected Child-Forest exhibition Teahouse contemplation, trees, Hymalaian greenhouses (birds ponds watching the cedars, tulip trees, cherry blossom cypresses, plane trees Forest Park, Saint Louis 526 13 USD 9 45,000 trees > 600 species of Several > 200 bird A chain of Several Extensive sports Playground 5 mcultural In the cultural Several Picnic “A park for plants major lawns species, fish ponds statues/mem facilities institutions institutions (e.g., restaurants & grounds & everyone” hatchery connected by orials, (incl. concerts) cafes pavilions streams Sculpture museums garden, art and a zoo museum ajor Jardin du Luxembourg, Paris 25 na na Scattered across the Orchard with old Large lawns Apiary to Large basin 106 statues, Tennis, chess, Pony rides, In the Concerts, Refreshment none Relaxed park and lining the apple species, especially in learn bee- (used for Medici bridge swings context of photography stalls and walking, family walkways Rose garden, the French keeping model Fountain botany and exhibitions kiosks afternoons Greenhouses garden yachts) bee- with orchids keeping Stanley Park, Vancouver 405 8 CAD 500,000 trees, many Flower gardens, Several Animals One big Multitude of Golf, tennis, Narrow- Canada’s Occasional 2 “Bar & none Fitness, Family 123 of them several Rhododentron lawns naturally lagoon, monuments team sports, gauge largest Grill”, 2 outings, beach, hundred years old Garden occurring in surrounded and swimming railway aquarium Cafes dog walking the region by the sea memorials rowing King’s Park, Perth 401 5.8 n.a. Typical Australian 324 native Large 80 bird Several State war Tennis club 2 large In the Kings Park Several none Walking and bushland with trees plants, 18 ha meadows species streams memorial, playgrounds context of Festival in restaurants, experiencing scattered across the botanic garden honor the September cafes and nature, Family landscape with over half of avenues, botanical kiosks picnics Australia's aboriginal art garden 25,000 plant gallery species King Abdullah Park, Riyadh 32 na na Comparatively few, Flower beads Large open none Large pond none Small stadium Playgrounds none Open area for 1,700 sqm Picnic in Walking, mostly palms spaces for with an shows & events, restaurant the open picnics, children sitting illuminated Amphitheater spaces entertainment fountain Not observed Feature Signature Feature Source: Team analysis 6 Central Park Central Park History Location Manhattan, New York City • Park designed by the landscape architects Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux Owner New York City, managed by the • Established 1857, official completion in 1873 Central Park Concervancy (non- • After being neglected in the 1960/70s the park has been renovated since the 1980s profit organization) Description Area 341 ha Visitors p.a.
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