PNUD Rapport Final Janvier 2010 ETUDE PLURI-DISCIPLINAIRE

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PNUD Rapport Final Janvier 2010 ETUDE PLURI-DISCIPLINAIRE PNUD Rapport Final Janvier 2010 ETUDE PLURI-DISCIPLINAIRE SUR LES OPPORTUNITES ECONOMIQUES ET LE MARCHE DU TRAVAIL BUBANZA, BUJUMBURA RURAL ET CIBITOKE Par Lydie Boka Anicet Havyarimana Emmanuel Ndagijimana Consultants Septembre – Novembre 2009 Cibitoke ...................................................................................................................................... 5 Résumé exécutif ......................................................................................................................... 8 Priorités .................................................................................................................................... 10 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 12 1.Justification et contexte de l’étude ........................................................................................ 12 2.Les programmes nationaux avec les partenaires au développement ..................................... 13 3.L’approche méthodologique .................................................................................................. 16 3.1. Analyse documentaire ....................................................................................................... 16 3.2. Visite sur le terrain ............................................................................................................ 16 4.Hypothèses (situation de référence) ...................................................................................... 18 4.1 Données de base ................................................................................................................. 18 4.2 Ressources financières ....................................................................................................... 18 4.3 Métiers ................................................................................................................................ 19 4.4 Associations ........................................................................................................................ 20 4.5 Accès au crédit ................................................................................................................... 24 4.6 Commerce .......................................................................................................................... 26 5.Les caractéristiques de la zone d’étude ................................................................................ 27 5.1 L’agriculture ...................................................................................................................... 28 5.2 L’élevage ............................................................................................................................ 28 5.3 La pêche ............................................................................................................................. 29 6.1 Café .................................................................................................................................... 31 6.2 Thé ...................................................................................................................................... 32 6.3 Huile de palme ................................................................................................................... 33 6.4 Coton .................................................................................................................................. 33 6.5 Vivriers ............................................................................................................................... 34 6.6 Fruits ................................................................................................................................... 35 Pêche ........................................................................................................................................ 35 Cuirs et peaux ........................................................................................................................... 35 Bubanza .................................................................................................................................... 37 Bujumbura Rural ...................................................................................................................... 71 Bujumbura Rural ...................................................................................................................... 73 SITUATION FAMILIALE ET DONNEES PERSONNELLES .............................................. 73 Cibitoke .................................................................................................................................. 102 Le tableau ci-dessous liste les activités en termes de création d'emploi. Les services et le petit artisanat, sans rendre le travailleur riche, permettent à ce dernier d'avoir quasiment immédiatement une activité sans formation particulière ni capital (il est même possible de louer parfois son outil de travail). Le PNUD devra par conséquent en tenir compte. ........... 104 Les réalisations du projet «PBF» dans les trois provinces ..................................................... 129 Recommandations .................................................................................................................. 131 Agriculture et élevage ............................................................................................................ 131 Services .................................................................................................................................. 131 Agro-Industrie ........................................................................................................................ 131 Plan d’action ........................................................................................................................... 132 Microfinance et micro-assurance ........................................................................................... 132 Fonds d'investissement éthique .............................................................................................. 132 Bibliographie .......................................................................................................................... 135 Liste des personnes rencontrées ............................................................................................. 136 Annexe 1 – questionnaire ....................................................................................................... 138 Annexe 2 – Projets CAPAD ................................................................................................... 139 2 Résumé exécutif Le présent document propose au PNUD un programme de soutien à des activités génératrices de revenus (AGR) dans les provinces de Cibitoke, Bubanza et Bujumbura Rural, longtemps délaissées en raison de la crise que le pays a connue jusqu'à une période récente. Ces trois provinces sont également parmi les plus pauvres du pays, nécessitant une approche « pro-pauvre » même si la tentation serait de dire que puisque la majorité est pauvre, tout appui ne peut que toucher les pauvres. Malgré la présence d'un grand nombre de partenaires au développement dans l'agriculture, l'élevage et les secteurs sociaux, les besoins demeurent immenses. Ceci vaut également pour les infrastructures de base, fortement dégradées par des années de crise. Les secteurs retenus par la présente étude sont l'agriculture et l'élevage, l'industrie agro- alimentaire, les services et la petite industrie. L'agriculture occupe une place prépondérante dans la vie des Burundais, occupant environ 90% de la population, même si sa contribution au PIB n'est que de l'ordre de 45 % environ. L'agro-industrie a un fort potentiel dans la mesure où elle permet de transformer sur place des matières premières périssables, et de créer, sous certaines conditions, de la valeur ajoutée dans des secteurs porteurs identifiés dans ce rapport (fruits, savonneries). L'apport de l'industrie n'est plus à démontrer, elle crée des emplois et contribue à la richesse par les impôts et taxes collectés au niveau communal et national. La fiscalité représente environ 18% du PIB et ne pourra que bénéficier d'un accroissement de l'activité économique. Les services représentent une alternative valable au secteur primaire, d'autant plus qu'ils font peu appel à la terre. Des secteurs tels que le tourisme permettront de créer des emplois dans des sous-secteurs tels que la restauration, l'artisanat, l'éducation et la formation professionnelle, la sécurité, et les infrastructures. Le renforcement de capacités et la formation sont à n'en pas douter la voie à suivre, voire le préalable dans certains cas, pour fédérer les forces individuelles en présence et créer de la valeur ajoutée. Concernant les bénéficiaires, le programme ciblera principalement les individus, associations et les entreprises (micro, petites et moyennes) plutôt que le secteur public, à l'exception de certains projets de partenariat public-privé et d'intérêt public impliquant la Commune ou la Province. Une place spéciale est consacrée à la femme, vecteur de développement et aux populations rendues vulnérables par la crise. Certains métiers, décrits dans le présent document, sont principalement féminins et doivent être encouragés car un appui permettrait aux bénéficiaires d'accroitre considérablement leurs revenus. Mais, que vaut un appui direct au secteur privé sans eau, électricité, et
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