DOCSLIB.ORG

Reformation Ideas Spread

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Reformation Ideas Spread 0066_wh09MODte_Ch01s4_s.fm Page 66 Thursday, June 21, 2007 5:25WH07MOD_se_CH01_S04_s.fm PM Page 66 Wednesday, January 31, 2007 12:13 PM Step-by-Step SECTION Instruction 4 WITNESS HISTORY AUDIO A King Speaks Out Objectives Henry VIII, the Catholic king of England, was As you teach this section, keep students deeply disturbed by Luther’s teachings. In 1521 focused on the following objectives to help he wrote to the pope to express his displeasure. them answer the Section Focus Question “ . we believe that no duty is more incumbent and master core content. 4 on a Catholic sovereign than to preserve and 4 increase the Catholic faith . so when we ■ Describe the new ideas that Protestant Painter Hans Holbein shows learned that the pest of Martin Luther’s heresy sects embraced. Henry VIII as a commanding and regal king. A gold medal had appeared in Germany and was raging ■ Understand why England formed a (top right) celebrates King everywhere . we bent all our thoughts and new church. Henry as the head of the energies on uprooting [those heresies] in every Church of England. possible way. ■ Analyze how the Catholic Church ” reformed itself. Just a few years later, Henry would break with the Catholic Church and set England on the path to ■ Explain why many groups faced perse- becoming a Protestant country. cution during the Reformation. Focus Question How did the Reformation bring about two different religious paths in Europe? Prepare to Read Reformation Ideas Spread Build Background Knowledge L3 Objectives Throughout Europe, Catholic monarchs and the Catholic Church fought back against the Protestant challenge by taking steps to Considering the importance of religion to • Describe the new ideas that Protestant sects embraced. reform the Church and to restore its spiritual leadership of the Europeans before the Reformation, have • Understand why England formed a new church. Christian world. Still, Protestant ideas continued to spread. students predict how the split between • Analyze how the Catholic Church reformed itself. Protestants and Catholics would have affected life in Europe. • Explain why many groups faced persecution An Explosion of Protestant Sects during the Reformation. As the Reformation continued, hundreds of new Protestant sects, Set a Purpose L3 Terms, People, and Places or religious groups that had broken away from an established church, sprang up. Many of these followed variations on the teach- ■ WITNESS HISTORY Read the selection sect compromise ings of Luther, Calvin, and Zwingli. Some sects, however, had ideas aloud or play the audio. Henry VIII Council of Trent Mary Tudor Ignatius of Loyola that were even more radical—such as rejecting infant baptism. AUDIO Witness History Audio CD, Thomas Cranmer Infants, they argued, are too young to understand what it means to Teresa of Avila A King Speaks Out Elizabeth ghetto accept the Christian faith. They became known as Anabaptists. What does Henry’s description of canonize A few Anabaptist sects sought radical social change as well. Some himself tell you about the impor- wanted to abolish private property. Others sought to speed up the coming of God’s day of judgment by violent means. When radical Ana- tance of Catholicism to Catholic Reading Skill: Identify Main Ideas As you read baptists took over the city of Munster in Germany, even Luther rulers? (It indicates that these rulers about the spread of the Protestant Reformation, advised his supporters to join Catholics in suppressing the threat to believed that Catholicism was an inte- record the main ideas in a flowchart like this one the traditional order. Most Anabaptists, however, were peaceful. They gral part of their rule.) below. Add more boxes as necessary. called for religious toleration and separation of church and state. ■ Despite harsh persecution, these groups influenced Protestant think- Focus Point out the Section Focus Protestant sects explode throughout Europe. Question and write it on the board. ing in many countries. Today, the Baptists, Mennonites, and Amish Tell students to refer to this question all trace their religious ancestry to the Anabaptists. as they read. (Answer appears with Who were the Anabaptists? Section 4 Assessment answers.) ■ Preview Have students preview the Section Objectives and the list of Vocabulary Builder Terms, People, and Places. Use the information below and the following resources to teach the high-use word from this section. Teaching Resources, Unit 1, p. 7; Teaching Resources, Skills Handbook, p. 3 Answer High-Use Word Definition and Sample Sentence rigorous, p. 70 adj. strict; thorough Protestants who rejected infant baptism; He began a rigorous exercise program to get into shape. some also sought radical change. 66 Renaissance and Reformation WH07MOD_se_CH01_S04_s.fmwh07_te_ch01_s04_MOD_s.fm Page 67 Page Tuesday, 67 JuneWednesday, 27, 2006 1:45 February PM 28, 2007 4:40 PM The English Reformation ■ Have students read this In England, religious leaders like John Wycliffe had called for Church BIOGRAPHY section using the Guided Questioning reform as early as the 1300s. By the 1520s, some English clergy were strategy (TE, p. T20). As they read, exploring Protestant ideas. The break with the Catholic Church, how- have students fill in the flowchart with ever, was the work not of religious leaders but of King Henry VIII. the main ideas about the spread of the BIOGRAPHY Reformation. Henry VIII Seeks an Annulment At first, Henry VIII stood firmly against the Protestant revolt. The pope even awarded him the title Reading and Note Taking “Defender of the Faith” for a pamphlet that he wrote denouncing Luther. Study Guide, p. 41 In 1527, however, an issue arose that set Henry at odds with the Church. After 18 years of marriage, Henry and his Spanish wife, Cather- ine of Aragon, had only one surviving child, Mary Tudor. Henry felt that England’s stability depended on his having a male heir. He had already Teach fallen in love with a young noblewoman named Anne Boleyn, who served the Queen. He hoped that if he married her she would bear him a son. An Explosion Because Catholic law does not permit divorce, he asked the pope to annul, or cancel, his marriage. Popes had annulled royal marriages of Protestant Sects L3 before. But this pope refused. He did not want to offend the Holy Roman Instruct emperor Charles V, Catherine’s nephew. Elizabeth I ■ Introduce Display Color Transpar- Breaking With the Church Henry was furious. Spurred on by his The life of Elizabeth I (1533–1603) did not start favorably. When she was only ency 78: The Spread of Protestant- advisors, many of whom leaned toward Protestantism, he decided to take ism. Emphasize to students how over the English church. Guided by his chancellor Thomas Cromwell, he two years old her mother, Anne Boleyn, was beheaded so that her quickly Protestantism spread during had Parliament pass a series of laws. They took the English church from father, Henry VIII, could remarry. The this period. Have students identify the pope’s control and placed it under Henry’s rule. At the same time, young princess grew up in isolation. Protestant sects in this country and Henry appointed Thomas Cranmer archbishop of the new church. Still, Henry VIII was affectionate to his speculate on where they originated. Cranmer annulled the king’s marriage, and in 1533 Henry married Anne daughter and saw to it that she Boleyn. Soon, Anne gave birth to a daughter, Elizabeth. received a rigorous education. Even as Color Transparencies, 78 In 1534, Parliament passed the Act of Supremacy, making Henry “the a teenager she was well-respected for ■ Teach Ask Why did the Catholic only supreme head on Earth of the Church of England.” Many loyal her sharp mind, fluency in languages, Church remain unchallenged for Catholics refused to accept the Act of Supremacy and were executed for and understanding of philosophy and so long? (Before the Renaissance, people theology. treason. Among them was the great English humanist Sir Thomas More, did not think of denying the Church’s who served in Henry’s government but tried to resign in protest. More Under the reign of her half-sister authority.) Ask Why did Protestants was later canonized, or recognized as a saint, by the Catholic Church. Mary Tudor, Elizabeth became both a rallying symbol for Protestants and a develop many different sects, rather Strengthening the Church of England Between 1536 and 1540, target for Catholics. Though arrested just embracing Lutheranism? (People royal officials investigated Catholic convents and monasteries. Claiming and imprisoned, she survived her sister had different criticisms of Catholicism that they were centers of immorality, Henry ordered them closed. He to become queen of England at age 25. and different ideas about what the ideal then confiscated, or seized, their lands and wealth. Henry shrewdly The well-loved Elizabeth used her Christian faith should be.) granted some of these lands to nobles and other high-ranking citizens. talents to unify England, expand its international power, and encourage a ■ He thus secured their support for the Anglican Church, as the new Quick Activity Ask students to find period of great artistic flowering. Why Church of England was called. Despite these actions, Henry was not a news articles about religious conflict in do you think the period under religious radical. He rejected most Protestant doctrines. Aside from the world today. Have student groups Elizabeth’s reign is now called discuss each article and compare it to breaking away from Rome and allowing use of the English Bible, he kept the Elizabethan Age? most Catholic forms of worship. the religious turmoil of the Reformation. Religious Turmoil When Henry died in 1547, he had only one surviv- Independent Practice ing son—despite having married six times. Nine-year-old Edward VI inherited the throne.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Small Mid-Tudor Chronicles and Popular History: 1540-1560
    Quidditas Volume 37 Article 7 2016 Small Mid-Tudor Chronicles and Popular History: 1540-1560 Barrett L. Beer Kent State University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/rmmra Part of the Comparative Literature Commons, History Commons, Philosophy Commons, and the Renaissance Studies Commons Recommended Citation Beer, Barrett L. (2016) "Small Mid-Tudor Chronicles and Popular History: 1540-1560," Quidditas: Vol. 37 , Article 7. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/rmmra/vol37/iss1/7 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Quidditas by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Quidditas 37 (2016) 57 Small Mid-Tudor Chronicles and Popular History: 1540-1560 Barrett L. Beer Kent State University This essay examines twenty-two editions of little-studied small Mid-Tudor chroni- cles that were published by printers at Canterbury and London. They demonstrate the important role of printers in historical scholarship and offer a significantly dif- ferent perspective on English history than the better-known, larger contemporary works of Robert Fabyan, Edward Hall, and Thomas Cooper. The chronicles also shed light on the readership of historical works by non-elite readers who presum- ably could not afford larger and more expensive chronicles. The short chronicles present a simplified view of the past, avoid propagating the well-known Tudor myths including the tyranny of Richard III, and demonstrate a clear preference for recent history. Although overlooked in most accounts of Early Modern historiography, the small Mid-Tudor chronicles are clearly part of the historical culture of the era.
    [Show full text]
  • Vagrants and Vagrancy in England, 1485-1553
    W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 1986 Basilisks of the Commonwealth: Vagrants and Vagrancy in England, 1485-1553 Christopher Thomas Daly College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the European History Commons Recommended Citation Daly, Christopher Thomas, "Basilisks of the Commonwealth: Vagrants and Vagrancy in England, 1485-1553" (1986). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539625366. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-y42p-8r81 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. BASILISKS OF THE COMMONWEALTH: Vagrants and Vagrancy in England, 1485-1553 A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Department of History The College of William and Mary in Virginia In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts fcy Christopher T. Daly 1986 APPROVAL SHEET This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts . s F J i z L s _____________ Author Approved, August 1986 James L. Axtell Dale E. Hoak JamesEL McCord, IjrT DEDICATION To my brother, grandmother, mother and father, with love and respect. iii TABLE OE CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................. v ABSTRACT.......................................... vi INTRODUCTION ...................................... 2 CHAPTER I. THE PROBLEM OE VAGRANCY AND GOVERNMENTAL RESPONSES TO IT, 1485-1553 7 CHAPTER II.
    [Show full text]
  • Black British History Tudors & Stuarts Ad 1485 - 1714
    A TIMELINE OF BLACK BRITISH HISTORY TUDORS & STUARTS AD 1485 - 1714 The Tudor and Stuart periods saw monumental change in the relationship between Europe and their continental neighbours. As the period begins, we see evidence of integrated societies at different levels of local and national life. By the close, Britain is embarked on a frenzied mission to extend their colonial reach and primed to step into an industrial revolution, powered by the outrageous wealth accumulation made possible by the triangular slave trade. THE COURT OF JAMES IV AD 1488 - 1513 King James IV Scotland had numerous qualities and successes; he united the highlands and lowlands; he created a Scottish navy; and maintained alliances with France and England. It is clear that he was also something of a forerunner in regards multi-culturalism. Records show that many black people were present at the court of James IV – servants yes but also invited guests and musicians. Much of what we know comes from the royal treasurers accounts which show that James’ purse paid wages and gifts to numerous ‘moors’. African drummers and choreographers were paid to perform, to have instruments repainted, or bought horses to accompany James on tour. The records also show black women present being gifted clothing, fabric and large sums of money. CATALINA & CATALINA AD 1501 In 1501 ‘la infant’ Catalina, daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain, arrived in Plymouth to begin a new life in England. She came from one royal household and was travelling in preparation to be married into another, the fledgling Tudor dynasty. She was promised to Arthur, heir to the English throne.
    [Show full text]
  • Form Foreign Policy Took- Somerset and His Aims: Powers Change? Sought to Continue War with Scotland, in Hope of a Marriage Between Edward and Mary, Queen of Scots
    Themes: How did relations with foreign Form foreign policy took- Somerset and his aims: powers change? Sought to continue war with Scotland, in hope of a marriage between Edward and Mary, Queen of Scots. Charles V up to 1551: The campaign against the Scots had been conducted by Somerset from 1544. Charles V unchallenged position in The ‘auld alliance’ between Franc and Scotland remained, and English fears would continue to be west since death of Francis I in dominated by the prospect of facing war on two fronts. 1547. Somerset defeated Scots at Battle of Pinkie in September 1547. Too expensive to garrison 25 border Charles won victory against forts (£200,000 a year) and failed to prevent French from relieving Edinburgh with 10,000 troops. Protestant princes of Germany at In July 1548, the French took Mary to France and married her to French heir. Battle of Muhlberg, 1547. 1549- England threatened with a French invasion. France declares war on England. August- French Ottomans turned attention to attacked Boulogne. attacking Persia. 1549- ratified the Anglo-Imperial alliance with Charles V, which was a show of friendship. Charles V from 1551-1555: October 1549- Somerset fell from power. In the west, Henry II captured Imperial towns of Metz, Toul and Verdun and attacked Charles in the Form foreign policy-Northumberland and his aims: Netherlands. 1550- negotiated a settlement with French. Treaty of In Central Europe, German princes Somerset and Boulogne. Ended war, Boulogne returned in exchange for had allied with Henry II and drove Northumberland 400,000 crowns. England pulled troops out of Scotland.
    [Show full text]
  • Literary Hispanophobia and Hispanophilia in Britain and the Low Countries (1550-1850) License CC BY-NC-ND Link to Publication
    UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Introduction: On Hispanophobia and Hispanophila across time and space Rodríguez Pérez, Y. DOI 10.26530/OAPEN_1006718 10.1515/9789048541935 Publication date 2020 Document Version Final published version Published in Literary Hispanophobia and Hispanophilia in Britain and the Low Countries (1550-1850) License CC BY-NC-ND Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Rodríguez Pérez, Y. (2020). Introduction: On Hispanophobia and Hispanophila across time and space. In Y. Rodríguez Pérez (Ed.), Literary Hispanophobia and Hispanophilia in Britain and the Low Countries (1550-1850) (pp. 11-45). (Heritage and Memory Studies; Vol. 10). Amsterdam University Press. https://doi.org/10.26530/OAPEN_1006718, https://doi.org/10.1515/9789048541935 General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:02 Oct 2021 Introduction: On Hispanophobia and Hispanophilia across Time and Space Yolanda Rodríguez Pérez Abstract This introductory chapter puts the case studies presented in this edited volume into a broader historical and theoretical context.
    [Show full text]
  • Press Release
    FRICK TO PRESENT FIRST MAJOR NORTH AMERICAN EXHIBITION ON RENAISSANCE PAINTER GIOVANNI BATTISTA MORONI MORONI: THE RICHES OF RENAISSANCE PORTRAITURE February 21 through June 2, 2019 In Renaissance Italy, one of the aims of portraiture was to make the absent seem present through naturalistic representation of the sitter. This notion—that art can capture an individual exactly as he or she appears—is exemplified in the work of Giovanni Battista Moroni. The artist spent his entire career in and around his native Bergamo, a region in Lombardy northeast of Milan, and left a corpus of portraits that far outnumbers those of his contemporaries who worked in major artistic centers, including Titian in Venice and Bronzino in Florence. Though Moroni never achieved their fame, he innovated the genre of portraiture in spectacular ways. This winter and spring, Giovanni Battista Moroni (b. 1520–24; d. 1579/80), Portrait of a Young Woman, ca. 1575, oil on canvas, private collection; photo: the Frick presents the first major exhibition in North Michael Bodycomb America devoted to his work, bringing together nearly two dozen of Moroni’s most arresting and best known portraits from international collections to explore the innovations and experiments that belie his masterful illusion of recording reality. They will be shown alongside a selection of complementary objects— Renaissance jewelry, textiles, arms and armor, and other luxury items—that exemplify the material and visual world that Moroni recorded, embellished, and transformed. Moroni: Moroni, Giovanni Gerolamo Grumelli, called The Man in Pink, dated 1560, oil on canvas, Fondazione Museo di Palazzo Moroni, Bergamo–Lucretia The Riches of Renaissance Portraiture was organized by Aimee Ng, Associate Curator, Moroni Collection; photo: Mauro Magliani 1 The Frick Collection; Simone Facchinetti, Researcher, Università del Salento, Lecce; and Arturo Galansino, Director General, Palazzo Strozzi, Florence.
    [Show full text]
  • Clothing, Memory and Identity in 16Th Century Swedish Funerary Practice
    Joseph M. Gonzalez 6 Fashioning Death: Clothing, Memory and Identity in 16th Century Swedish Funerary Practice Introduction King Gustav Vasa was married three times. In 1531, less than a decade after his election as King of Sweden, he made a match calculated to boost his prestige and help consolidate his position as king and married Katarina von Sax-Lauenburg, the daughter of Duke Magnus and a relative of the emperor. She bore the king one son, Erik, and died suddenly in 1535 (Svalenius, 1992). After her death, the king married the daughter of one of the most powerful noble houses in Sweden, Margareta Eriksdotter Leijonhufvud in 1536. Queen Margareta bore the king eight children before she died in 1551. By August of 1552, the fifty-six year old Gustav Vasa had found a new queen, the 16-year-old Katarina Gustavsdotter Stenbock, daughter of another of Sweden’s leading noble houses. Despite the youth of his bride, the marriage bore no children and the old king died eight years later (Svalenius, 1992). The king’s death occasioned a funeral of unprecedented magnificence that was unique both in its scale and in its promotion of the Vasa dynasty’s image and interests. Unique to Vasa’s funeral was the literal incorporation of the bodies of his two deceased wives in the ceremony. They shared his bed-like hearse on the long road to Uppsala and the single copper casket that was interred in the cathedral crypt. Six months after the funeral, Gustav Vasa’s son with Katarina von Sax-Lauenburg, Erik, was crowned king.
    [Show full text]
  • Forgery and Miracles in the Reign of Henry Viii*
    University of Warwick institutional repository: http://go.warwick.ac.uk/wrap This paper is made available online in accordance with publisher policies. Please scroll down to view the document itself. Please refer to the repository record for this item and our policy information available from the repository home page for further information. To see the final version of this paper please visit the publisher’s website. Access to the published version may require a subscription. Author(s): Peter Marshall Article Title: Forgery and Miracles in the Reign of Henry VIII Year of publication: 2003 Link to published version: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/past/178.1.39 Publisher statement: This is a pre-copy-editing, author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication in Past and Present following peer review. The definitive publisher-authenticated version Marshall, P. (2003). Forgery and Miracles in the Reign of Henry VIII. Past and Present,Vol. 178, pp. 39-73 is available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/past/178.1.39 FORGERY AND MIRACLES IN THE REIGN OF HENRY VIII* Peter Marshall, University of Warwick In June 1534, as the final ties connecting the English Church to Rome were inexorably being severed, Archbishop Thomas Cranmer issued an order for the preservation of ‘unity and quietness’. For the space of a year, preachers were to steer clear of six topics which ‘have caused dissension amongst the subjects of this realm’, namely, ‘purgatory, honouring of saints, that priests may have wives, that faith only justifieth, to go on pilgrimages, to forge miracles’.1 The first four items on this list represent important doctrinal flash-points of the early Reformation; the fifth, an increasingly contentious ingredient of popular religious culture.
    [Show full text]
  • The Catholic Plots Early Life 1560 1570 1580 1590 1600
    Elizabethan England: Part 1 – Elizabeth’s Court and Parliament Family History Who had power in Elizabethan England? Elizabeth’s Court Marriage The Virgin Queen Why did Parliament pressure Elizabeth to marry? Reasons Elizabeth chose Group Responsibilities No. of people: not to marry: Parliament Groups of people in the Royal What did Elizabeth do in response by 1566? Who was Elizabeth’s father and Court: mother? What happened to Peter Wentworth? Council Privy What happened to Elizabeth’s William Cecil mother? Key details: Elizabeth’s Suitors Lieutenants Robert Dudley Francis Duke of Anjou King Philip II of Spain Who was Elizabeth’s brother? Lord (Earl of Leicester) Name: Key details: Key details: Key details: Religion: Francis Walsingham: Key details: Who was Elizabeth’s sister? Justices of Name: Peace Nickname: Religion: Early Life 1560 1570 1580 1590 1600 Childhood 1569 1571 1583 1601 Preparation for life in the Royal The Northern Rebellion The Ridolfi Plot The Throckmorton Plot Essex’s Rebellion Court: Key conspirators: Key conspirators: Key conspirators: Key people: Date of coronation: The plan: The plan: The plan: What happened? Age: Key issues faced by Elizabeth: Key events: Key events: Key events: What did Elizabeth show in her response to Essex? The Catholic Plots Elizabethan England: Part 2 – Life in Elizabethan Times Elizabethan Society God The Elizabethan Theatre The Age of Discovery Key people and groups: New Companies: New Technology: What was the ‘Great Chain of Being’? Key details: Explorers and Privateers Francis Drake John Hawkins Walter Raleigh Peasants Position Income Details Nobility Reasons for opposition to the theatre: Gentry 1577‐1580 1585 1596 1599 Drake Raleigh colonises ‘Virginia’ in Raleigh attacks The Globe Circumnavigation North America.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Contemporary Chrstian Music: Transforming
    CONTEMPORARY CHRSTIAN MUSIC: TRANSFORMING CHRISTIAN EXPERIENCE AND IDENTITY By BRITTANY E. CHASE A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF MUSIC UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2013 1 © 2013 Brittany E. Chase 2 I dedicate this thesis to my parents, who have been unconditionally loving and compassionate throughout my entire academic career. I could not have succeeded without your continuous prayers and encouragement, and I am truly blessed to have you in my life. 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The completion of this thesis would not have been possible without the help of many important people. To my academic advisor and committee chair, Larry Crook, I thank you for your patience, encouragement, and support of my research interests throughout this entire process. I am immensely grateful for your constant kindness and compassion since I arrived at the University of Florida, and I thank you for believing in my ability to succeed and expressing your pride in my work and in me. I could not have accomplished this without your help and guidance. To my committee member, Silvio dos Santos, I thank you for your time and mentoring, and I sincerely appreciate your investment in my future and academic career. I thank my other professors at the University of Florida, Jennifer Thomas, Margaret Butler, Michael Deall, and Rosana Resende, who have fostered my intellectual and musical growth. I have many informants to thank for their honest and open participation in the interviews for this project. I thank Anyerin Drury and Adam Vodicka for sharing the visions of their respective churches, as well as Erica Scarano, Brett McCollum, and Brian Biederman, for taking the time to share their experiences.
    [Show full text]
  • POLITICAL ENCOUNTERS in the Late 1540S Tensions Flared When
    CHAPTER FIVE MAKING THE BI-CONFESSIONAL CITY: POLITICAL ENCOUNTERS A mutiny might have arisen, and the community might have struck the council dead!1 In the late 1540s tensions flared when Schmalkaldic War ended Augsburg’s decade-long experiment with religious uniformity. In 1537 a reforming council had attempted to silence debate and controversy in the city by establishing a new religious order, but its fall revealed the vulnerability of the city’s policy. In 1536, a year before issuing the new church ordinance, Augsburg had joined the Schmalkaldic League of Protestant princes and cities.2 After years of hesitating, this decision had signaled the council’s readiness to support reform openly. Persuaded by infl uential leaders Georg Herwart and Jakob Herbrot, Augsburg made the fateful decision to side with the Protestant princes against the emperor when war broke out in 1546.3 One of the city’s great mercenary generals, Captain Schertlin von Burtenbach, served with Philip of Hesse in the war. After a few initial victories, the Schmalkal- dic League was strategically weakened when Duke Moritz of Saxony, a Lutheran, invaded the lands of one of its leaders, his cousin, Elec- tor Johann Friedrich. On 24 April 1547, Charles V defeated Johann Friedrich at Mühlberg, and Philip of Hesse soon capitulated as well. They, and other members of the league, such as Augsburg, faced the consequences of rebellion. In the fall of 1547 Charles convened an imperial diet in Augsburg to assert his authority and consolidate his victory with a resolution of the religious divisions in his empire.
    [Show full text]
  • Holy Child Parish
    Holy Child Parish October 18, 2020 PARISH SCHEDULE PARISH OFFICE HOURS (By Appointment) Monday - Thursday ..................... 8:30 am - 12:00 pm 1:00 pm - 4:00 pm Friday .......................................... 8:30 am - 12:00 pm SCHEDULE OF MASSES Monday through Thursday .. 8:00 am in Tijeras Friday ............... 6:00 pm in Tijeras (1st, 5th Fridays), Carnuel (2nd), San Antonio (3rd), San Antonito (4th) Daily Exposition of the Blessed Sacrament Monday through Thursday - 8:30 am - 8:00 pm in Tijeras Friday - 10:00 am - 5:00pm in Tijeras Saturday First Saturday, Tijeras ................................. 9:00 am Vigil Mass, Tijeras.5:00 pm Sunday Chilili ............................................................ 8:00 am Escobosa (2nd Sunday) .............................. 8:00 am Tijeras ..................................... 10:00 am & 12:00 pm Parish Office: 281-2297 CONFESSIONS Saturday, Tijeras ........................... 3:30 pm - 4:45 pm Fax: 281-0355 First Friday, Tijeras ....................................... 5:30 pm CLERGY BAPTISMAL INSTRUCTION CLASS Rev. Fr. Mark Granito ............................................. Pastor Second Monday of the Month, Tijeras .......... 7:00 pm Larry Carmony ...................................................... Deacon Call the office in advance to register. Maurice Rodriguez.Deacon Randall Rodriguez ................................................ Deacon BAPTISMS PARISH STAFF Sundays after the 10:00 a.m. Mass. Instruction is required. Call the office to schedule. Amanda Housman ................................
    [Show full text]