The UNEP Magazine for Youth

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NEW DIRECTIONS

Ideas and innovations Tired of consuming? Personal action

Jobs Open to all Driving change TUNZA the UNEP magazine for youth. To view current CONTENTS and past issues of this publication online, Editorial 3 please visit www.unep.org Driving change 4 United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) PO Box 30552, Nairobi, Kenya We, the people 6 Tel (254 20) 7621 234 Fax (254 20) 7623 927 Telex 22068 UNEP KE What we really really want 8 E-mail [email protected] www.unep.org Jobs 10 ISSN 1727-8902 Personal action 12 Director of Publications Nick Nuttall Editor Geoffrey Lean Special Contributor Wondwosen Asnake Ideas and innovations 14 Youth Editor Karen Eng Nairobi Coordinator Naomi Poulton Let’s hear it for nature 16 Head, UNEP’s Children and Youth Unit Theodore Oben Circulation Manager Mohamed Atani Open to all 18 Design Edward Cooper, Ecuador Production Banson When consumers become creators 20 Cover image iQoncept/Shutterstock Youth contributors Rhoda Akinyi, Yaiguili Alvarado Seven global changes 22 García, Alpha Bacar Barry, Danesto Bacdayan Anacio, Richa Bajpai, Chucky Bartolo, María Boa, Aswin Chandrasekharan, Hu Ching, Lisa Curtis, Asha de Tired of consuming? 24 Vos, Linh Do, Grupo Escoteiro Tupinambás, Janne Geurts, Katerina Guerin/Grupo Scout Mangore, Renzo Guinto, Cesar Harada, Joel Jackson, Emily Keep up with TUNZA on your mobile Keal, Alonso Lizaraz, Phindile Mangwana, Tribute Mboweni, Elaine Ng Yan Ling, Simon Oriko, Harrison http://tunza.mobi Oyugi, Paperazzi, Gracia Paramitha, Maria Rosa or on Facebook Reyes Acosta, Jordyn Schara, Tan Sijie, Ramanathan Thurairajoo, Save Light Save Earth, Skylar Tibbits, www.facebook.com/TUNZAmagazine Titus Wei Ren Loh, Victoria Wong.

Other contributors Deirdre Black, Aubrey de Grey, Salvatore Iaconesi, Marcin Jakubowski, Catarina Mota, Michael Ogweno (Be the Change), Paul Ritter (P2D2), Rosey Simonds and David Woollcombe (Peace Child International), Wayne Talbot (Volvo Adventure), Jennifer Wolfe (Maker Faire Africa).

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The contents of this magazine do not necessarily refl ect the UNEP and Bayer, the German- Painting Competition on the views or policies of UNEP or the editors, nor are they an offi cial based multinational involved in Environment, the UNEP Tunza record. The designations employed and the presentation do not health care, crop protection International Youth and Children’s imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of and high-tech materials, are working Conferences, youth environmental UNEP concerning the legal status of any country, territory or city together to strengthen young networks in Africa, Asia Pacifi c, or its authority, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers people’s environmental awareness Europe, Latin America and the or boundaries. and engage children and youth in Caribbean, North America and West environmental issues worldwide. Asia, the Bayer Young Environmental UNEP promotes Envoy Program and a photo environmentally sound practices A partnership agreement, originally competition, ‘Ecology in Focus’, in globally and in its own activities. This signed in 2004 and renewed in 2007 Eastern Europe. magazine is printed on 100% chlorine-free and 2010, runs through 2013. It lays paper from sustainably managed forests, using down the basis for UNEP and Bayer The long-standing partnership between vegetable-based inks and other eco-friendly to implement the projects under the UNEP and Bayer has become a practices. Our distribution policy aims to reduce UNEP’s carbon footprint. partnership. These include: TUNZA public-private partnership that serves Magazine, the International Children’s as a model for both organizations.

2 TUNZA Vol 10 No 2 EDITORIAL

cientist James Lovelock was the fi rst to think of the workings of our planet as one. He called it Gaia. The wider scientifi c community prefers to call it Sthe Earth System, describing it as an interactive whole, vulnerable to the ‘butterfl y effect’ – when even an action as small as the beating of a butterfl y’s wings can have major and often unforeseeable consequences.

Think about your food. What we do on our farms affects not just the soil, but water, air and the atmosphere, biodiversity, and the whole supply chain that gets the food to your kitchen. Then there’s the energy you need to cook, and waste-disposal and refrigeration systems to deal with left-overs. And all these things – including what’s in your food and has been added to it – affects your health as well as the planet’s. Although most of us prefer to separate our thinking into topics – energy, pollution, water, biodiversity, health – the Earth System doesn’t work like that.

To squeeze the maximum from every productive square centimetre, we apply fertilizers and pesticides. But what are we doing to the bugs on which other organisms depend? As we pick up every last grain and kill the plants we don’t want, what happens to the birds that live on them and play a vital role in spreading their seeds? And what does poisoning the fungi that thrive on recycling natural wastes do to the whole Earth System?

Increasingly, we live in towns and cities and pay scant attention to the Earth System that supports us. Food comes from stores, energy is just a switch away, and for many, but no means all, water comes from taps while wastes just disappear. Are we grateful for an ever easier life? Do we stop to wonder what effect our demands have on the Earth System?

Perhaps ever-increasing specialization means we only consider the question that is being asked. Biodiversity or the effects of air pollution on health aren’t really a priority for an agriculturalist asked to increase food production, a transport expert considering how to speed up deliveries, or a fi nance ministry whose main concern is ensuring economic well-being and growth. But they should be.

As everything we do impacts the Earth System, we can’t just leave it to others. We have the tools to make our voices heard – whether by having a ‘right to vote’ or by using Twitter, Facebook and other social media. But we also have to open our minds and lives to change. Most changes won’t seem big, but together they will be fundamental. Try living the change – it’ll be exciting.

New directions 3 Driving change

ater shortages, air pollution, deforestation, toxic dumps, exhausted soils… you name it, we’ve got Wit. We’ve been talking about it for half a century, and trying to do something about it, too. Treaties and agreements abound...

C. Fournier/UNEP/Topham

BUT for every environmental success Figure 1 The world’s rising footprint – such as the mending of the ozone hole over Antarctica – there seem to 2 be ever more disasters. For every target Built-up land Grazing reached, there are dozens left unmet. Fishing Cropland UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon Forest Carbon recently announced that three of the Millennium Develop ment Goals – WWF on poverty, slums and water – have 1 Living Planet Report 2012 been achieved three years ahead of schedule. But this year UNEP’s fi fth

Global Environment Outlook (GEO-5) Footprint Ecological found that of 90 of the most important (number of planet Earths) international environ mental objectives, signifi cant progress had been made in 0 1961 1970 1980 1990 2000 2008 only four.

So are we going about it the wrong ‘We are using 50 per cent more resources than the Earth can way? Are we looking at the immediate provide, and unless we change course that number will grow causes of the problems – for example mining leading to soil contami nation, very fast – by 2030, even two planets will not be enough to or excessive water use making rivers provide for the 9 billion people who will then inhabit Earth.’ run dry – when we should be looking at Jim Leape, Director General of WWF the underlying causes, the real reasons for environmental change? the primary drivers of environmental identifi es these drivers as the rising degradation and then do something global population and the linked drive UNEP’s GEO-5 thinks so. It suggests about them, humanity will just be for growth, commonly expressed as that until we are prepared to examine run ning to catch up with itself. GEO-5 consumption and production.

Population growth up, doubling agricultural production and freshwater are fi nite, and the since 1960 without increasing the same is true of practically all the JUST 40 YEARS AGO, 3 billion people amount of land being used. But can other materials the Earth provides. lived on Earth. Now there are more we continue to keep up, given the Anyone can see that things can’t go than 7 billion, and the most optimistic expected population growth and the on as they are. UN projection suggests there will be new demand for biofuels? How do at least another billion by 2040. There we reconcile our demand for food So what can we do? We know that could even be 10 billion by then. with the need to preserve the natural education and economic oppor- ecosystems on which we and the rest tunities for women are vital for Considering how rapidly we’ve ex- of the natural world depend? reducing family size. Urbanization, pan ded, it’s amazing that we didn’t too, can help. But the key to reduc- run out of food decades ago. Actually, And where will all the extra people ing population growth – as Professor we’ve more or less managed to keep live, or get their water? Both land Malcolm Potts, the fi rst Medical Director of the International Planned ‘Family size plummets when consumers are offered a Parenthood Federation, knows from range of appropriately priced contraceptive options experience – is the simple, and rela- tively inexpensive, universal pro- through convenient channels.’ vision of contraceptive services. Professor Malcolm Potts All women, he says, whatever their

4 TUNZA Vol 10 No 2 level of education or economic cir- Figure 2 The world’s rising population cumstances, understand that divid- ing meagre resources amongst an 16 ever-growing family means that Actual nobody fl ourishes. The World Bank 14 High projection calculates that up to 26 per cent Medium projection 12 of people in developing countries Low projection have no access to contraception, so 10 addressing this unmet need could have a huge impact on our ability to 8

live within our means. UN Population Division 6

We all have to make responsible 4 population choices, not only about population, billions Global what is best for us, our partner and 2 our families, but also for our planet 0 and future generations. 1950 1975 2000 2025 20502075 2100

Consumption and ‘Sustainable development cannot be successful if the production increase in global population continues to put pressure on the world’s non-renewable resources.’ THE WAY WE LIVE is also crucial. It is Dr Fred Sai, UN Population Award Laureate and President not only our numbers, but our life- styles that drive the growing demand of the International Planned Parenthood Federation for resources – food; shelter and clothes; energy to keep warm or cool unpopular. But we need sustainability for your own or your friends’ home- and for lighting and cooking; water; awareness in everything we do – and grown vegetables rather than buying transport; and gadgets like washing in everything we all do. We can’t just chemical nutrients? machines and mobile phones. But leave it to others. we never seem able to say ‘enough’. Sounds simple? Well it could be, Even in developed countries, people Rather than just satisfying our im- but it is also fundamental. It means continue to want more. mediate, and often transitory wants, changing the deeper attitudes and we must think of the longer term. habits developed over two gen- Politicians emphasize that economic Instead of grabbing the cheapest erations of rising life expectancy growth is the only way forward. But products, or what we think we and affl uence. It means thinking that seems to mean ever greater fancy, we must try to choose locally differently, changing our minds use of resources just to keep our sourced and quality goods. What’s and allowing them to change, then economies going. And with almost so bad about having fewer clothes acting on it – and getting others half of all people living on less than that last a bit longer? Or why not use to do so, too. Are you up for that? $10 per day, how will it be possible the bus or the train, and only hire or An increasing number of people, for everyone to attain a reasonable borrow a car when you really need including business leaders, realize standard of living without totally one? Or compost your food wastes there is no alternative, no Plan B. depleting the Earth’s resources? Figure 3 The world’s rising trade Moving to a green economy seems a promising approach. It implies, 12 for example, enhancing public Trade trans port and introducing more 10 GDP renewable-energy technologies. It means raising building standards to 8 reduce the energy used for cooling or heating, setting standards that encourage industry to get more from 6 less, and improving tech no lo gies World Trade Organization Index 1960 = 1 Index to reduce the use of valuable and 4 fi nite materials. These changes will involve investments with long pay- 2 back times, so they may generate complaints from both busi ness and 0 tax payers and could be politically 1965 1970 1975 19801985 1990 1995 2000 2005

New directions 5 6 memory.’ apples andbroccoliareonlyadistant to eat,thatwe’llleave themaworld where worry my descendantswon’t have enough properly usewhat wehave stillavailable. I the environment, foodstocks, orhow to There’s stillnotenoughawareness about with already limitedresources terrifi that I’d bebringinglifeintoacrowded world have many children aswell. And thethought resource-using person, andmightwant to realized my child willbecomeanother But while theideaappealstome,I’ve like thenatural next stepintowomanhood. ‘At fi Victoria Wong rst, thedecisiontohave ababy seemed TUNZA Vol 10 No 2 , UKandFrance Aswin Chandrasekharan WWF’s mortality rates –contributing to astaggering 7billionpeople ontheplanet.Meanwhile, according to have beensurprisedto seethewayscientifi resulting starvation anddiseasewould bringhumannumbers backto sustainable levels. Malthusmay W a family. Here’s whatyou said. the question to you to fi responsibility for thepopulationproblem? Whatdoyoung people thinkabouthavingchildren? We put consuming andwasting less, orbyinvesting more ineducation, butalsobytaking personal But shouldwe bemakingamore concerted effort to reduce ourecological footprint, notjust by world’s women are havingtwo children orfewer –andbelieve theworld’s populationwillbeginto fall. TUNZA contributor Fred Pearce, pointoutthatglobal fertility rates are already dropping –halfthe answer, aseducated women inallcultures tend to have fewer children. Andsomethinkers, suchas people learn to make dowithless, there would beenoughfor all.Manybelieve education isthe David Suzuki,saythatpopulationitselfisn’ttheproblem, butoverconsumption andwaste. Ifmore Debate rages abouthow to approach thisdilemma. Some,suchasCanadianenvironmental thinker Living Planet Report 2012 Report Planet Living agricultural production couldn’t possibly keep upwithsuchpopulationgrowth, andthatthe of three years, he’dperformed rites for 57birthsbutonly 12deaths,hetheorizedthat hen ThomasRobertMalthus,an18th-century Englishpriest, noticed thatover aperiod es me. me. es across nations, culturesandclasses.’ to overpopulation iscreatingawareness way toprevent environmental damagedue in percapitaenergyallowance. Buttheonly consumption andmaybe even anincrease then we’d seeanetreductioninenergy least indeveloping nationssuch asIndia, the principleoftwo children percouple,at sibling. Ibelieve thatifallfamiliespractised I’m anonlychild andalways yearned fora I thinkI’d settle fortwo –simply because ‘Children bringjoy andmeaningtolife. Aswin Chandrasekharan We, thepeople nd outhow environmental considerations are factored into your plansto start , we are already usingup1.5planet’s worth ofresources. , India c andtechnological advances have resulted inever lower Victoria Wong

Tribute Mboweni supply-and-demand cycle.’ might contributetothisnotsohealthy ways always healthy? Having children on ways to produce more. Are these means wearecontinuallyworking demand forfoodandotherresources increasing humanpopulation. The high on natural resources by theever- ‘I alsoworry aboutthepressure I willconstantlyworry aboutitssafety. about raising achild inasocietywhere killed, andIgetnervous justthinking there’s newsofachild beingraped or plan tohave my own. Every week children. Ilove children, butIdon’t a woman willget marriedandhave groups –includingtheexpectationthat values aresharedacrosscultural that, despiteourdifferences,certain South Africa, I’ve grown torealize ‘Born andraised inmulticultural South Africa Young Environmental Envoy (BYEE), Tribute Birdie Mboweni , Bayer

María Rosa Reyes Acosta Yaiguili Alvarado García Lin Doh 7 ict New directions , Panama t.’ nitely, eliminating ever the size, my family will live in family will live the size, my ever about having children. But the moment children. about having I’m daughter. came, and I had my girl. active an environmentally raising nature more loves almost two, She’s helps to separate and than anything, more we have Will for recycling! waste I’m not sure, butAdopt? children? what possible. the greenest way to break necessary it’s ‘I do believe fewer against having taboos that work families Most low-income children. popu- about world much know don’t lation and family planning, so they and not children many tend to have about not only It’s enough resources. but quality of life, for the environment species.’ us and all the world’s Yaiguili Alvarado García Alvarado Yaiguili conscious, ‘Being environmentally had an internal confl always I’ve what he thinks the consequences might

Alonso Lizaraz be if everyone decided to live forever. Aubrey de Grey aging. TUNZA asked biogerentologist and transhumanist technology to extend human life indefi The transhumanist movement asserts that we have the medicine will have in that progress fear often ‘People the bur- increasing consequences, serious demographic and are longer live people as more den of health care of health. state and expensive in a debilitated alive kept in post- succeed we is that the more the truth However, this ill health with medicine, the more poning age-related already are over world the Women risk will be averted. them having and are on average, children having fewer will population increases accelerate, as these trends later; will benefi and the environment be curtailed Transhumanism ts reveals a ts reveals ed reproductive choice as choice ed reproductive – contributor, identifi ed medical doctor – , BYEE, Ecuador Renzo Guinto about his thoughts on population. BYEE and newly qualifi TUNZA asked better are with optimal size ‘Populations change: climate adapting to for prepared is easier to education environmental for catering systems and health conduct, when burdened less are groups smaller strike. calamities natural rst.’ María Rosa Reyes Acosta María Rosa Reyes of our biosphere every are witnessing the destruction ‘We me I am part of the problem encouraged Knowing single day. little. Once I became a mother, to seek solutions since I was we because I realized this is a legacy changed, perspective my for stopped searching As a consequence, I’ve our heirs. to leave contribution of each The solutions and decided to become one. balance between humans human being is the key to achieving son.’ to my is the message I must transmit This and nature. , Tunza Youth Advisory Council Youth , Tunza Human Development Report 2011 Renzo Guinto , TYAC, Australia , TYAC,

convincing argument that population management protects Earth, too.’ Earth, too.’ that population management protects argument convincing

a way to avert environmental degradation and ensure sustainability. While While sustainability. and ensure degradation environmental avert a way to unnecessary prevent to designed was originally Health Bill the Reproductive benefi at its environmental look deaths, a closer pregnancy-related A doctor’s view doctor’s A ‘If I ever have children – and I doubt I will – it would only be two at most, only only be two – and I doubt I will – it would children have ‘If I ever a baby Adopting might be an option. Having an only child. want because I wouldn’t especially in can do environmentally, is one of the most high-impact things you there are bigger life impact, But aside from environmental world. the developed questions to consider fi Linh Do ‘Having a child is a biological call we all feel. I think a child ‘Having and am in settled down I’ve I will procreate when the best, knowing child my a strong position to give in a constantly that he or she will face challenges when nature even I grew up loving world. changing – I as strong as it is now the “green boom” wasn’t are always values Their parents for that. thank my They with me, and I try to inculcate them in others. a education. It’s child’s will also be the basis of my parents.’ thank nature, and thank my to way Alonso Lizaraz Alonso (TYAC), Venezuela ‘The UN’s ‘The UN’s ‘For 14 years, my country, the Philippines – now a nation of Philippines – now the my country, 14 years, ‘For – has world in the populous of the most 94 million and one a pass to on whether debate in a longstanding been stuck – which legislation Bill. The proposed Health Reproductive and services health information reproductive make aims to criticized by the poor – has been to especially accessible, a between relationship the positive Meanwhile, Catholic groups. been debunked. has long development bigger population and economic What WE really, really want TUNZA asked what attitudes and values guide you, young people, in dealing with the pressure to consume and the need to develop independent lifestyles. Here’s some of what you told us.

What do you value more, things or experiences? How does this affect your career choices?

‘Any new experience makes me happy. Travelling has always impressed and humbled me. It’s so interesting to see people tackle problems differently. I need to meet new people, from different backgrounds. I also need to contribute to making a better world, whether environmentally or simply making it happier. If my career allows both, you’ll fi nd me “working” long after retirement.’ Chucky Bartolo, Tunza Youth Advisory Council (TYAC)

’I am most excited about social entrepreneurship. For too long we have separated Titus philanthropy from for-profi t companies. Many, however, are beginning to see the need to create self-sustaining (meaning not grant-dependent) enterprises that create social and environmental change.’ Lisa Curtis, TYAC What’s the difference between need and want?’ ’Going freelance gave me undreamt-of opportunities – helping a Scout camp in Swaziland, Africa; leading a humanitarian effort in Sikkim, India; running ‘Unfortunately, these lines have been turtle conservation projects in Terrangganu, Malaysia… It was the best decision blurred by con sumerism. Wants are I ever made. I tell friends “the best job in the world is one that you go to without no longer confi ned to seemingly un- thinking it is work. That way, you will not have to work a single day in your life.”’ touchable luxuries, but have evolved Tan Sijie, Scout into common statements of need: “I need a smartphone, I need an iPad.” ’I want to develop projects involving communities in planning the proper use of Really? Absolutely not! If we don’t natural resources, taking advantage of ancestral knowledge and improving the clearly redefi ne needs and wants, quality of their lives. I want to educate youth and children so that they can have present and future generations will opportunities to make society fairer.’ Maria Boa, TYAC grow up in a make-believe world of irresponsible living, insensitive to the ‘I cherish experiences. They characterize purpose in life. I try to ensure every job I real world, where millions whose real take allows me to express myself and fulfi ll my dreams. If that means taking lower needs aren’t being met live in poverty.’ pay, that’s OK. What excites me is being able to sow seeds for a bountiful future, Titus Wei Ren Loh, BYEE not toiling pointlessly to reap immediate gains that have no meaning.’ Titus Wei Ren Loh, Bayer Young Environmental Envoy (BYEE) ‘Distinguishing between want and need can be diffi cult, especially as shops advertise “must haves”! As a young person there’s a limit to what Rama I need to survive, although we all battle to have the latest clothes and gadgets. There’s no harm in wearing the same outfi t or looking for less Hu Ching expensive, recycled goods. It’s up to the individual, but often the things we really need in life are right in front of María us.’ Emily Keal, Tunza 8 TUNZA Vol 10 No 2 What do you think about the morality of total human domination of the Gracia planet? ‘If we take a largely anthropocentric worldview, then it’s OK, but I take a more eco-centric perspective. We are all part of a biophysical system where all inherent rights to exist should be taken into account – including the rights of Mother Earth, and the systems and processes that sustain her. Thinking it’s all just for our benefi t has led to today’s environmental crisis.’ Phindile Mangwana, BYEE

‘Human domination implies the right to do whatever we please. We evolved from the Earth; the reason we are even able to think we can “dominate” is thanks to the way we developed, so why do we feel it is ours to ruin? It’s a bit like growing up, graduating top of your class in university, and then burning down your parents’ house, even though it’s the place where you grew up and learned to be who you are.’ Chucky Bartolo, TYAC

Danesto Sijie

Phindile Emily

Should we value everything in economic terms … or should we measure Chucky development differently?

’When we fail to measure the things we value – clean air and water, healthy communities – we fail to properly manage and improve those aspects of our society. We must put numbers to the things that we value so we can make sure that they’re adequately managed.’ Lisa Curtis, TYAC

’Economics is mostly used to value tangibles, but development is an holistic term. It’s a culmination of various socioeconomic, cultural and political factors – most importantly, it includes the role of environmental sus tain ability. Economic terms Should we envy the rich? can put fi gures to gains or losses, but are not representative of everything around us.’ Ramanathan Thurairajoo, BYEE, Tunza ’We’d all love to be fi nancially well-off. But what are we willing ’Let’s begin to seriously consider development as the conservation of a nature to sacrifi ce? Time with family and reserve rather than the construction of a shopping centre, or the preservation of friends? Spiritual well-being? Health? clean air rather than accepting pollution from vehicles and factories.’ Hu Ching, I’d rather be rich in my general well- BYEE, Tunza being. I can’t take money to my grave, but I can die happy, without regrets.’ ‘Even sustainable development is measured in economic terms. However, Tan Sijie, Scout the key may be the equitable distribution of economic gain. We could create a “cap” so that the benefi ts of economic progress can be distributed fairly – “I’ve enough, I’m now considering the needs of others.” Such policies could Lisa be implemented, but it boils down to personal values and ethics.’ Danesto Bacdayan Anacio, Tunza

‘Development is more important than economics, and it can be measured by life skills, social values and environmental responsibility. Economic development is important, but would be more valuable and sustainable if we correlate economic, social and environmental aspects.’ Gracia Paramitha, TYAC

New directions 9 JOBS T buy professional juicingequipment, Simon Oriko, whoused hisloan to we could make signifi hire,’ saidHarrisonOyugi,‘which meant equipment thatwe’d previously had to funerals. ‘Itallowed usto buyvital food for events suchasweddings and Catering Co-op,whichprovides quality largest loan went to Harrison andhis $7,500 in24buddingbusinesses. The now, andhasinvested anaverage of Kisumu, western Kenya, for two years The fi plus continued mentoring. leaders whoselect 10-15for aloan best plansare presented to business in business plandevelopment. The assurance andone-on-onecounselling relations, market research, quality – fi to start asuccessful smallbusiness free training covering whatyou need all you needisabusiness ideato get centres. Aslong asyou’re under30, 10 nancial management,IT,customer TUNZA rst academy hasbeenrunningin training, creation andincubation demies –one-stop business hey’re barefoot business aca- Vol 10 No 2 cant savings.’ savings.’ cant in fi Plans are inhandfor further academies the change.’ September. Eachofthetrainees can be 150, withanother200people starting in in 2011and,sofar in2012afurther got tough. We trained 80young people so thathecould keep goingwhenlife taught himhow to save ingoodtimes stolen –butourtraining andmentoring ‘Simon’s equipment,for example, was project coordinator MichaelOgweno. potentially cripplingproblems,’ added ‘All thesebusinesses have faced told TUNZA. I really struggled withthisstuff,’ she really helped.Before shecame along, management. ‘Mymentor Katrinahas market andimprove herfi dresses, learned how to research her makes andsellsbeautifulchildren’s my business grow!’ RhodaAkinyi,who because myjuice isbest –just watch of mymarket. Customers come back and Inow have areal understanding commented: ‘thetraining wasgreat, ve West African countries, and W green economy. on young socialentrepreneurs can helpto usherina change? Itneedsto. Andperhapsthegrowing emphasis getting scarcer, nomatter your qualifi feeds itsdemandsfrom thecheapest source. Jobsare mechanization, fewer jobs,andaglobal market that terms ofeconomic output.That’s brought ever more and cheaply. Andwe only measure development in Be theChange nancial nancial all seemto wantever more stuff, instantly that comes from contributing. Today, we money, andallofusneedtheself-esteem e allneedone,don’twe? Most ofusneed the

Be the Change Academies economies.’ entrepreneurs, even inhighly developed is neededto train andsupportyoung these academies are abigpartofwhat running atover 50percent, Ibelieve and, withyouth unemployment rates They are incredibly cheapto run to setupsuccessful smallcompanies. academies allow youth to train youth President DavidWoollcombe adds:‘The developing anacademy inGuinea.PCI Child International (PCI)andisnow the ideawhile working atPeace Alpha Bacar Barry,whoincubated and international aidagencies,’reports organizations, nationalgovernments ‘We’re working closely withUN Territories, Afghanistan andIndia. in Egypt,theOccupied Palestinian Thomas Langreder/Visum/Specialist Stock cations. Can it

www.nextgenpms.com ingredients for afree onlinetraining schemethatwe are developing. youth unemployment. We’ll learn from themaboutwhatworks, andthevital will establish anetwork ofyoung people andexperts committed to ending she told TUNZA,‘isthecreation ofjobsbyyoung people themselves. Ourproject Go for it! Contact Janneatjobcreation network and helpspread best practice across Europe.’ green business, orhave anyexperience ofcreating jobsfor youth, please joinour ‘If you know ofeffective youth jobcreation initiatives, orifyou have setupyour own training modules. investment. Athorough evaluation ofthesepilots willprovide inputto theonline their own business. Eachtrainee willcreate abusiness plan,for whichwe willseek ‘The next stage willbepilot training courses for three groups ofyouth eagerto start how to start your own business. doers willdevelop aJobCreation Handbookcapturing best practice andadvice on later intheyear where themost active, interesting andprominent thinkers and young entrepreneurs interested inworking withus.We’re planning aseminarfor ‘Currently we are buildingapan-European network ofjobcreation schemesand F European jobcreation greener,’ explains Richa,‘comes from ‘The pushto gogreen, oratleast by 2020. country’s carbon intensity byaquarter government haddecidedto reduce the was areal oppor tunity astheIndian becoming greener businesses. There strategies andreap thebenefi carbon emissions, develop low-carbon ses measure, manageandmitigate me thedetermination to helpbusi nes- ducts’ carbon footprints. Thatgave tegies to reduce theirorpro- com panies were notdeveloping stra- Richa told TUNZA,‘thatIrealized carbon market aspartofmystudies,’ ‘It waswhile doingresearch into the J of India’s largest conglomerates. packaging giantTetra Pak, andtheBangalore Royal Challengers IPLcricket team, partoftheMallya family’s empire, one fi partners inNextGen –TheEnergy andEnvironment Company,whichemploys more than50people. NextGen’s ust three years ago,RichaBajpaiwasstudying engineeringandbusiness management.Now sheisoneoftwo rst corporate clientwasIntel Indiaandtoday itsprogressive portfolio includestwo banks,food processing and Janne Geurtsiscoordinating this:‘Oneanswer to youth unemployment,’ set upayouth-led initiative across its27Members States. Dutch graduate aced withincreasing youth unemployment, theEuropean Commission has @ peacechild.org t of ts

www.nextgenpms.com opportunities outthere. Thesatisfaction ‘There isanenormousnumberof often overlook. from within,somethingthatpeople often thedrive for sustainability comes there are thecompanies themselves – keep upwithyour competitors. Andthen pressure isafactor, too, asyou have to more environmentally responsible. Peer also pressurizing companies to become with regulations, butcustomers are four directions. First there iscompliance

Janne Geurts L. Prosor/UNEP/Topham UK for NextGen. year Sri Lanka,theGulfStates andthe Richa shouldknow: today India,next persevere, and you willsucceed.’ their own enterprise. Pickyour niche, enthusiasm andhard work instarting who’s interested to invest theirenergy, is huge.Iwould encourage anyone you get from runningyour own business New directions 11 www.inpev.org.br elds, or used to store food food store elds, or used to

Karen Eng do not really understand the instructions on the packaging. the instructions understand do not really be washed must that empty bottles don’t understand They were they the shop where to then returned thoroughly, simply are residue containing bottles Instead, purchased. the fi or over the river into thrown that protective also don’t realize The farmers and water. be should and equipment, including respirators, clothing such toxins. when handling worn proper and the dangers explaining print pamphlets ‘So we them. explain to communities and visit farming procedures, and and use broadcast children, plays for also produce We the message. spread to print media, too, handling safer adopted have properties than 30 rural ‘More of im- 22 months, saving hundreds in the last processes keep to intend We health. disposals and improving proper groups.’ other scout partner with two and plan to expanding, y short period, an astonishingl

Grupo Escoteiro Tupinambás the better. Each winner offers simple solutions to solutions to simple offers Each winner the better. sh in the River Suzana in southern Brazil, sh in the River into their own hands and, in into their own hands No 2 10 Vol

ou CAN make a difference, and even save lives. These winners of the of the These winners lives. save and even a difference, make ou CAN – are Sweden in Gothenburg, – held annually Adventure 2012 Volvo environmental can take people young of how inspiring examples TUNZA

supporting environmental health. supporting environmental information available via the internet and social media. via the internet available information broadcast your activities and successes through the media. through activities and successes your broadcast other stakeholders, enlisting their feedback and support. and their feedback enlisting other stakeholders, problems problems change lives for do it? did they How replicable. eminently and all are problems universal do it too? Read on… Could YOU 5. Where possible, use the evidence of your success to lobby government for laws for government lobby to success of your use the evidence possible, Where 5. 12 4. Offer support and advice to others who will be inspired by your work: make make work: by your who will be inspired others to support and advice Offer 4. 3. Put your plan into action – hold events, visit communities and schools, and and schools, visit communities action – hold events, plan into Put your 3. 1. Identify the problem, research possible solutions and develop action plans. 1. solutions and develop possible research the problem, Identify media and groups, community authorities, schools, local plan to your Present 2. How they did it – could you? did it – could they How similar be applied to which can the same basic steps, followed All of these projects are. you where problems ‘Mishandling pesticides is common here because our because here is common ‘Mishandling pesticides who small farmers is based around economy agricultural which supplies water to two cities. We work with the source of with the source work cities. We two to which supplies water of them about the dangers teach – to – the farmers the problem packaging. and pesticide handling and disposing of pesticides ’Over the course of two years, we saw empty pesticide con- saw empty pesticide we years, two of the course ’Over and dead fi tainers http://projetokarajas.blogspot.com.br in troop a scout Tupinambás, Grupo Escoteiro Brazil’s disposal on proper with farmers works southern Brazil, to both the environment hazard – a containers of pesticide Small the Tunza won and human health. Their project idea with a potentially simple a very for Beginnings award about their activities. to the troop spoke huge impact. We Pesticide packaging in Brazil packaging in Brazil Pesticide

Y Personal action Personal P2D2 Grupo Scout Mangore 13 New directions

Karen Eng Karen Eng yers and posters, T-shirts, and as much media and posters, yers ed companies or onsite. And in Illinois, energy from from And in Illinois, energy or onsite. ed companies ’We began by teaching people in our neighbourhood to in our neighbourhood to people began by teaching ’We handle to homes and how their own around the area clean instead it and then disposing of it properly rubbish – covering its extend the city to asked We up, exposed. it pile of letting manufacture funds to and collected service rubbish collection distribute and in waste, found material rubbish bins, recycle school workshops also ran the public. We bags to refuse free that it’s the message spreading on TV and radio, and went must homes – everyone action in our own take not enough to them. those around on teaching carry of dengue have and outbreaks sites breeding ’Mosquito no one has began the programme we since – been reduced out to reaching we’re Now the disease in our city. died from the capital.’ get to even maybe we’ll others; ’However, during the course of my research, I found that I found of my research, during the course ’However, had Illinois, Pontiac, from Ritter, Paul teacher science events. collection ran and his students problem the addressed Pill & Drug Disposal) and P2D2 (Prescription joined forces, We spread, word and the web, public events was born. Through and rising. 21 states, reached has now and the programme the situation to according differs collection ’Pharmaceutical a plan present people young Generally, in each community. the community, support from for and call the city council to the word spread We pharmacies and hospitals. the police, with fl a permanent locked get. In my town, can as we coverage people for station at the police was installed box collection then These are asked. drugs off, no questions drop to of disposal – either by method – the safest incinerated certifi homes and buildings. helps power process the incineration also drafting are students the word: spreading not only ’We’re for In Illinois, consideration. and submitting it for legislation – which was written House Bill 2056 (the P2D2 Bill) example, police it easier for and makes students by civil and government law.’ – has become the programme pay for departments to nd Aedes ushed

P2D2 Grupo Scout Mangore ll, only to enter the water enter to ll, only hotmail.com hotmail.com cant threat, we started a project a project started we threat, cant @ mosquitos. These insects breed in stagnant water in stagnant mosquitos. These insects breed aegypti to help protect our neighbourhood. First we talked with the talked we First our neighbourhood. help protect to Red the help of the Paraguayan municipality, and enlisted of Malaria Eradication. as the National Service as well Cross and the students teachers, got the support of neighbours, We paper, which published posters. local ’As dengue fever is a signifi fever dengue ’As and piles of rubbish, so the scouting troop work to clean to clean work troop of rubbish, so the scouting and piles the troop. for them up. Leader Katerina Guerin spoke gruposcoutmangore Ciudad del Este from Mangore Grupo Scout Paraguay’s by disease spread fatal a dengue fever, tackled Dengue fever in Paraguay in Paraguay Dengue fever out how, they told me it wasn’t their priority. told they out how, ‘I’m from a small farming community in Wisconsin. Three years Three in Wisconsin. community a small farming ‘I’m from in myboy a teenage me: things startled ago, when I was 14, two that and I also discovered an overdose, died from community anti- acne medication, drugs – antibiotics, many prescription fl are mones – hor and sex mood stabilizers convulsants, The USA’s P2D2 is a student-led organization that educates organization P2D2 is a student-led The USA’s disposal of phar- of improper dangers the public about the disposal sites. drugs and initiates authorized maceutical a told TUNZA how one of the originators, Schara, Jordyn campaign. into a nationwide environmental idea grew simple drugs con- In the USA, prescription problem. a global ‘It’s 40 million people, of at least the drinking water taminate or legislation disposal proper for is no standard there yet but programme, a collection start back it up. I decided to to fi Agency (DEA) to the Drug Enforcement when I contacted Prescription drugs in the USA drugs Prescription www.p2d2program.org or buried in landfi the lavatory down alike. harming humans and wildlife supply, Paperazzi cial t from the free material. , 350 million tonnes of paper are consumed and enjoyable. They created a system under which They and enjoyable. paper to a waste people could bring their recyclable free products drop-off return, receive point and, in which are typically quite paper, made from recycled in China. The project, called Paperazzi, expensive paper at school and sends it to paper collects waste recycled- high-quality factories, which use it to make paper notebooks. The notebooks are then distributed free at the drop-offfor point. So paper donors receive with high-quality paper products, an instant reward while the factories benefi on the notebooks as an They also print their logo advertisement, promoting their green credentials. The programme has been so popular that the idea has been introduced to other schools in the Shanghai district, and is now in operation in 13 high schools, three universities international schools. and two www.volvoadventure.org/projectsFinalists.aspx?year=2012 Paperazzi IN CHINA In Shanghai, and a third of it is thrown away. annually, and re- paper is recycled about 50 per cent of waste School Language used. A group at the Shanghai Foreign benefi easy, recycling paper decided to help make

S. Muller/Wildlife/Specialist Stock rst rst cation and and cation rst long-term endeavour to to rst long-term endeavour , marine biologist Asha de Vos fi Vos , marine biologist Asha de No 2 10 Vol

round the world, young people are identifying environmental problems and taking matters into matters taking and problems identifying environmental are people young the world, round solutions. long-term that offer innovations for hands, reaching their own TUNZA

14 A FEW YEARS AGO YEARS A FEW http://whalessrilanka.blogspot.co.uk/ Whale whisperer Whale off saw an unusual gathering of blue whales feeding entranced, Sri Lanka. She was the coast of her native on what these information for and immediately looked at the poles – were blue whales – which normally feed there was her surprise, To doing in tropical waters. on this highly unusual colony almost no information of whales, so she has made it her mission to study the animals, their environment and their behaviour – and her efforts are the fi study the Sri Lankan blue whale. The PhD candidate gathers data on the salinity and temperature of the GPS positions of the whales, and records their water, identifi for photos behaviours. She also takes is building a long-term database of whale vocalizations. about Asha is also an activist, using her excitement readers about threats to the the science to inform whales – shipping lanes and careless whale-watching operations – on her blog, The Unorthodox Whale. member of the Oceans Panel the youngest She was at Rio+20, alongside such marine luminaries as Sylvia Cousteau. Earle and Jean-Michel

A innovations Ideas and and Ideas 15 ec- cient. The ects them New directions ciency of their designs is a group of teenage friends friends is a group of teenage , 320 million people have no access to no access to , 320 million people have Auto innovator Auto AFRICA ACROSS appropriate transport. are Minivans and utility vehicles low capacity, are rickshaws and motorcycles pensive, ex it roads turn into impassable mud when and unpaved entrepreneur this need, British help address rains. To Mobius Motors is designing company Jackson’s Joel and manufacturing the Mobius 2 – a robust, stripped suspension and ground clearance down car with good At $6,000, the vehicle or cargo. passengers and room for con- middle-income will be affordable to Africa’s hopes it will be used as a platform sumers, and Joel such entrepreneurial enterprises as delivery and for transport services. http://mobiusmotors.com tors in place of the mirrors. The group has monitored The group tors in place of the mirrors. and afterelectricity bills before were the systems of average cut by an that bills were installed – and found them to carry50 per cent. This encourages on with their lamp design and to continue to educate people about this method of saving energy. www.savelightsaveearth.page.tl/ Bright lights, big savings EARTH LIGHT SAVE SAVE come up with a simple Egypt, who have from Sadat City, The core idea is to electricity. idea to save but ingenious them more effi lamp design to make change including the use group is researching various solutions, This acting as a frame around a bulb. mirror of a concave and refl collects light, concentrates the rays as one lamp The design makes mirror. on to a convex as two. effective Earth Light Save has approached a factorySave to assist in gathering data on the light effi the group has and create a prototype. In the meantime, lamps in homes around applied the same idea to existing as refl using aluminium/kitchen foil its community,

Protei Mobius sheries cient ways to clean cient ways from in order to capture wind exes French-Japanese inventor Cesar Harada heard inventor French-Japanese This open-source project is still in development, with development, This open-source project is still in experimenting contributing and teams around the world has been raising with different designs. And Harada If he prototypes and testing on kickstarter.com. funds for drones not only succeeds, Cesar hopes to use his sailing gather plastic debris to clean up oil spills but also to help monitor fi from the oceans, measure radioactivity, http://protei.org/ about the 2010 oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, he spill in the Gulf of Mexico, about the 2010 oil more effi the need for recognized a began developing oil from the oceans. Inspired, he while easily through water sailing craft that could move He thought it oil-absorbing cloth behind it. dragging long undertake should be unmanned so that it could clean-up missions. He started with a basic sailboat but back and forth water, in the design, which tacked and that the motion lost pulling power discovered the Cesar moved direction. In a series of experiments, made the craft to the front of the boat, which rudder ders at he tried rud much more manoeuvrable. Then a craft with an both ends, and from there developed articulated hull that fl both sides of the boat. and coral reefs, and more. Wave force WHEN Let’s hear it for nature

nnovators are ever more aware that we rely on Earth’s complex, natural systems for our well- being, so they are tuning in, fi nding ways to meet human needs while working with – not against I– our planet’s self-sustaining natural systems.

B. Buranabunpot/UNEP/Topham Bringing the shape in response to their environ- when turned by hand, tumbles pre- ment, and electronics. Her objects shaped pieces that come together outside in mimic the movement of the natural to form seats. Of course, this is just world: clusters of fab ric blossoms move like the leaves of a tree as they sense movement outdoors; delicately carved wood panels expand and contract according to humidity levels

Elaine Ng Yan Ling Elaine Ng Yan and changes in temperature.

Elaine’s goal is to reconnect urban Skylar Tibbits and Arthur Olson people with the natural world: ‘I want to weave the behaviour of nature into urban landscapes,’ Elaine explains, ‘using interactive tapestries and furnishings in urban buildings, with indoor pieces that respond to outdoor environments such as rain, sun and wind.’ ‘THE MAGIC of the natural world is demonstrating the beginnings of all around us,’ says designer Elaine an idea while challenging people’s Ng Yan Ling who develops textiles Stuff that could notions about how things could be and furnishings that explore the make itself constructed. ‘Techniques for self- connections between the environ- assembly,’ Skylar explains, ‘could ment and design. ‘Look at a pine NATURE CONSTRUCTS ITSELF, a make accurate construction much cone, it closes in the wet, but when it’s process that fascinates architect and easier. Components can be designed dry, it opens.’ computer scientist Skylar Tibbits. so that they dictate where the next one ‘There are no sledgehammers for fi ts, disallowing wrong placement.’ Elaine’s eco-conscious furnishings proteins; there are no screwdrivers and textiles are a hybrid of natural for DNA. So maybe there’s another Skylar’s ultimate vision is much mate rials like wood, metal and way we can build,’ he says. Skylar larger: he hopes self-assembly will wool, manmade materials in clud - is investigating the use of natural enable us to build multi-storey ing polymers and alloys that change energy sources – heat, sound, waves struc tures or infrastructure more

and even gravity – to assemble James Duncan Davidson/TED predesigned components to make furniture, construct buildings and even develop infrastructure.

Elaine Ng Yan Ling Elaine Ng Yan To demonstrate his thinking, Skylar, along with molecular biologist Art Olson – who studies viral self- assembly – created the Self-Assembly Line, a rotating chamber which,

16 TUNZA Vol 10 No 2 Art is Open Source readable bysmartphones. the datainto the network, whichis from theenvironmentand transmit solar cells,willpullinformation woods. Sensors,powered bysmall routers, switchesandhubs, inthe connected devicesusing small network, madeupofavariety The groupisbuildingameshed the forest. and understandtheworkings of local woodcutters whoreallyknow at theworkshop willbejoinedby in digitaltechnologies–participants which pro motes creative practices organi isOpenSource– zation Art woods themselves. Led byItalian mation directlyaccessiblefromthe the environ ment –makinginfor- infor mation network embedded in link ing localknowledge withan Societing (www.societing.org), is Monte Maiwoods, organized by An innovative workshop inItaly’s their smartphones. knowledge oftheworld through Yet have theyoften accesstothe these respectfullyandsustainably. and medicine,muchlesshowtouse abundant sourceoffood, energy a wood, many don’t seeitas an WHEN URBAN PEOPLEwalk into The teachingwoods youtube.com/watch?v=3vjQ-jWPgNs To seeithow works goto: www. energy. usingwaveassembled underwater they hittheground,orthatcouldbe dropped andwould unfold before dreams ofstructuresthatcouldbe effi ciently andsustainably. He S. Clagg/UNEP/Topham K.Ferallo/UNEP/Topham reality-in-natural-environments/ about-diy-energy-and-augmented- knowledge-is-natural-a-workshop- artisopensource.net/2012/08/04/ fi To in theworld. recreate asimilarnetwork anywhere also holdinformation onhowto And importantly, thenetwork will itsustainably.learn howtoharvest its medicinaluses,oratatreeand atabushanddiscover smartphone able toconnect.Theycanpointtheir walking throughthewood willbe Once thesystemissetup,anyone aeroplanes? It could provide a source aeroplanes? Itcouldprovideasource electricity orpower our cars and to producefuelsthatgenerate sunlight, water andcarbon dioxide mimic photosynthesisanduse But whatifhumanbeingscould and animalmatter. are formed fromtheremainsofplant photosynthesis becausefossil fuels in fossil fuelsisalsoaresultof are solar-powered. Theenergy say thathumansandotheranimals energy fromplants,soyou could carbohydrates. Ourbodiesget their water intooxygen andenergy-rich it toconvertcarbondioxide and sunlightandchannel to harvest their amaz ing andcomplex ability plants photosynthesize, using Allover life onEarth. ourplanet, SOLAR ENERGYisthebasisof A new leaf nd outmore goto: www. 10-15 years. for abigbreak through inthenext fuels, butmostresearchers hope we’ll befl process. Nooneknows when ment inordertoaccelerate the engin eering and productdevelop- includes simul photosynthesis researchhubthat taneous research, has createdadedicatedarti fi ofEnergy And theUSDepartment materials tomake artifi doing researchtofi Solar Army ofhigh-schoolstudents pioneer inthefi Gray,people: Professor Harry a even enlistedthehelpofyoung the next generation. Somehave to makingsolarfuelsarealityfor Asia, EuropeandtheUSAdedicated There arenowresearchcentresin cheaper catalystsandmore. new materialstothedevelopment of of from the discovery everything into tremendous researcheffort durable andeffi able technologythatisaffordable, a widespread,commerciallyavail- prototypesto move fromlaboratory like hydrogen. Thechallenge isto as bacteriaoralgae,toproducefuels approach isusingorganisms,such sunlight toproducethefuel.Another steps ofcapturingandchannelling an artifi manmade device–sometimescalled artifi fuels inthelaboratory. Oneiscalled with several ways ofmakingsolar Scientists have alreadycomeup just whenthesunisshining. energy for usearoundtheclock,not also meanthatwe couldstoresolar and of cleanfuelsfor transport cial photosynthesis,wherea cial leaf–carries outallthe ying anddrivingonsolar cient. Thisrequires eld, hascreateda nd thebest new New directions ca leaves. cial cial cial

17 UNEP/Topham 18 hardware andsoftware can work ‘I’m often asked how open-source Free R&Dandmarket research share theinformation.’ own designsormodifyothers, and source theirown parts,create their all sortsofthingsthemselves. People others to learn how to repair andmake instructions, makingitpossible for people are now uploading designsand ‘However, withthehelpofinternet, change thebatteries! work, andsomedon’teven allow usto black boxes. We can’t seehow they computers, are becoming proprietary Devices, from cars through cookers to made to beusedandthenthrown away. become less transparent, withthings with it.Butover time,technology has transparent, andpeople were familiar and implements –thetechnology was and repaired theirmachines,gadgets People have always built,modifi a growth ofopen-source hardware. that isfree to useandmodify– of open-source software – software ‘The last decade hasseentherise intellectual property rights. This challenges cur rent concepts of pro ducts, aswell asdata andskills. designs andinstructions for making give awayinformation suchasthe ‘OPEN SOURCEmeanschoosingto Vol 10 No2 TUNZA ed ed http://genspace.org benefi local jobs.Theenvironment can business bytraining others, creating meet local needs,andgrow their modify andmanufacture thingsto advantage ofopen-source designs, means thatentrepreneurs can take to make theirown stuff, which ployment, too: not everyone wants ‘Open source can helpcreate em- accelerating innovation. ations oftheirproduct –effect ively improvements into subsequentiter- who can then work anypopular crediting theoriginalmanufacturers, gadgets andpublishtheirdesigns, expensive. “Hackers” modifytheir and R&D–bothtraditionally very company free market research credited. Thisgives theoriginating shared andtheoriginalinventor is as long astherevisions are inturn allow free copying andmodifi ‘Typically, open-source licences fits from sharinginformation. where theoriginatingbusiness bene- business: it’s analternative model doesn’t seekto overturn established (R&D)? Theopen-source movement further research anddevelopment information, andthenre-invest itin panies make theirmoney bysecuring economically. After all,don’tcom- promotes longer product life cycles.’ and theemphasisonrepair, which based onlocally sourced materials t from theshiftto economies I technology development –togive usanoverview. PhD inthesocialimpactofopenandcollaborative practices in and business? TUNZA askedCatarinaMota–who’s fi mean, how doesitwork andhow doesopensharinghelppeople software, hardware andbeyond. Butwhat doesthetermreally free sharingofknowledge –hasgrown across theworlds of n thelasttwo decades,theopen-source movement –the Open cation to all

William W. Ward 2012 a society.’ then. It’s theonly wayto progress as why we shouldbeprepared to share Indeed they are, andthat’s precisely most precious thingsavailable to us. information andknowledge are the and are told againand that ‘We live inaninformation society, way around. it willshapeusrather thantheother or even understand ourtechnology, how they worked. Butifwe can’t alter tools and,unlike today, understood learn. People usedto understand their way we think,communicate, actand like itornot,technology shapesthe cates are sopassionate. Whetherwe ‘People askwhyopen-source advo- A shiftinvalues nishing a a nishing Oliver Berg/Newscom – forfreefrom instructions formakingreal-lifeobjects user-created digitaldesignfi ANYONE canuploadordownload Open resources which meansbooksatleast50years in Englishandthepublicdomain, of morethan40,000books–mostly Project Gutenberg http://openarchitecturenetwork.org tions selectedby donors. ground, rather than materialsorsolu- most appropriateapproaches onthe reconstruction canbebasedonthe change designssothatpost-disaster provides anonline platformtoex- Network OpenArchitecture The www.thingiverse.com repairing things. tools andobjectsorinstructionsfor printing, aswellpeoplelookingfor experiment withdigitaldesignand3D resource foranyone who wants to praised for being such a forward-looking company.praised for beingsuchaforward-looking actively encourages innovative development oftheKinectandisbeing new directions,contributingtoKinect’s skyrocketing sales.NowMicrosoft it soonbecameclearthathackers were takingthetechnologyinpowerful keyhole surgery, initiallythreatenedlegalaction,but andmore.Microsoft 3D scanning,enablesurgeons tomanipulateonscreenimages during ofglaciers,perform people tonavigate,helpresearchersmapthesurfaces intended. TheKinecthassincebeenturnedintoadeviceallowingblind and developers were working outmodifi withit.Withindaysoftheproduct’sinterface release,thedeedwas done, drivers for theKinectthatwould enabledevicesotherthantheXbox to Industries offeredareward of$1,000toanyone whocouldproduce Recognizing thepotentialofthistechnology, electronicskitmaker Adafruit motion sensorthatallowsthemeasurementofthree-dimensionalobjects. control agamebymovingtheirbodies.Itincorporatesaninfrared-based XboxMicrosoft 360–was abreakthroughdevice,allowingplayers to IN 2010,theKinect–agesture-based videogamecontrollerfor the The Kinectphenomenon Thingiverse makes the full texts makes thefulltexts . It’s avast ls – les browsers like MozillaFirefox arebasedonopen-source technology? operating system, whilefamousappslike theWordPress blogging and software that thegiantwebsites ofGoogleandAmazon runontheLinuxopen-source tosellthehardware itrunson.Didyouuse theopportunity know, for example, make tailor-made IT solutionstomeetspecifi modelsaroundopen-sourcesoftware, usingitto all kindsofdifferent service eliminating bugs,for example –acceleratingitsevolution. People have created Users whomodifyitsharetheimprovements theymake –fi THE SOURCE CODE isfreelyavailable tothepublic. of open-sourcesoftware Open access to source codes cational videoson,well,nearlyevery- The Khan Academy www.wikipedia.org and consistent. keep thematerialreasonablyaccurate a vigilantregulargroupofvolunteers ideas! Contentpolicies,guidelines,and online encyclo and editit.Butthisdoesn’t makethe anyone; anyone cancon work, isnotonly freelyacces Wikipedia www.gutenberg.org distribution ofebooks. started toencourage thecreationand old –freelyavailable. The projectwas nevercations thatMicrosoft , theworld’s largestrefer paedia achaos ofmad offers freeedu- tribute to it tribute toit sible for sible for ence ence w.hnies.o http://genspace.org www.thingiverse.com c needs,oroffer freesoftware and http://genspace.org your ancestry. yeast todetectpollutants,orexplore to extract andanalyseDNA, engineer and peopleofallbackgrounds. Learn and mentoring,isopentoallages It offersspace,equip wanting todoabiotech munity biologylab,opentoanyone Genspace www.khanacademy.org physics, fi thing –maths,biology, chemistry, nance, history and more. nance,historyandmore. istheworld’s fi http://realdoctorstu.com no ment, training

nig and nding New directions logy project. logy project. rt com- rst 19

http://wallpapers.jurko.net When consumers become creators

hat happens when craft collides with technology? In North America, Europe and beyond, people Ware rediscovering the satisfaction of making things – but with a technological twist. This new trend – known as the Maker movement – builds on the idea of do- it-yourself (DIY), along with a fascination with all things mechanical, digital and electronic, once just the province of geeks and nerds. Maker Faire Africa of low- to high-tech workshops, including woodworking and Magazines like ReadyMade and websites like Instructables. welding, mushroom cultivation and pinhole photography, com showcased and shared instructions for all sorts of and 21st century skills like robotics and laser cutting. DIY designs and projects, enabling and encouraging a new spirit of hands-on innovation. In 2005, the launch of Make Faires are not just in the USA: they happen from China to magazine – from which the term Maker was coined – offered Canada, and from Italy to the UK, and the independently a resource for making and repairing things, but with a organized Maker Faire Africa began in 2009. strong emphasis on ‘hacking’: taking apart and modifying existing technology. Its strong online presence turned once- The Maker movement has also spawned independently isolated people working alone at home into a community. run hackerspaces – open-access community workshops where people gather to tinker and share skills, tools and Recognizing a growing interest, in 2006 Make started ideas. Hackerspaces typically make available such tools as organizing Maker Faires – gatherings where people exhibit computers and software, tools for electronic fabrication, everything from textiles, robots and furniture to electronic darkrooms, kitchens, sewing machines, saws, soldering gadgets and handmade toys. The Faires also offer an array stations, 3D printers – and more.

Maker Faire Africa

TUNZA spoke to Jennifer Wolfe, co-organizer of Maker Faire Africa.

aking things in Africa, learnt and create employment. Anyone in 2011 we had nearly 100 makers ‘Mprocessing our own raw who has an idea, invention or product and ran workshops on DIY biology materials, is one of our continent’s can come, get feedback and advice, and product development. There was most formidable challenges. Maybe get help in bringing their invention also a hackerspace complete with a the tech-infl uenced DIY philosophy to market, and meet and collaborate Makerbot 3D printer. This year, we’ll – design it yourself, make it yourself, with others. be in Lagos, Nigeria. then sell it yourself – could help create jobs, especially for young people, and ‘Local and international businesses ‘Maker Faire Africa is determined to allow raw materials to be converted come, too, looking for new ideas and encourage individual invention and into products at home, whether cocoa inventors to work with. This can help provide a platform for communities from Kenya or coltan from the Congo. build networks or lead to appren- to push for policies for productive ticeships and internships with large environments. It’s still in its infancy, ‘Maker Faire Africa seeks to help corporations. In Nairobi in 2010, for but we’re seeing an increasingly enthu- inventors understand and access the example, General Electric awarded siastic response, especially from youth. entire innovation landscape, from a cash prize and internship to one of Across the continent, from Cairo to electronics to food processing and our makers. the Cape, large numbers of people metal work to biotechnology. Most are unemployed or underemployed, participants have already identifi ed ‘We began in 2009 with just 40 especially young people. From a purely a need and may have spent at least makers in Accra, Ghana. In 2010, economic point of view, it’s absolutely a year working on it; others are stu- Maker Faire Africa Nairobi had more essential we give them what they need dents seeking to apply what they have than 70 exhibitors, then in Cairo to become productive.’

20 TUNZA Vol 10 No 2 Bart Dring/www.buildlog.net/GNU-FDL-1.2 currently isn’t reallyaboutprofi people earnaliving. While Making But italsohasthepotentialtohelp products, too. repairing helpsincreasethelifespanof on emphasis its unthinkingly! And likely todumpourown creations, sense ofownership –we’re much less materials. Makingalsoconfersa for locallysourced, possiblyrecycled, gadgets, encourages lookingaround own stuff,whether clothing,foodor problem solving. And makingyour and face-to-face,community-based promotes peer-to-peer skillssharing creation rather thanconsumption.It H 3D printers T being thechange? Making … order objectsinachoice ofmaterials. one, andservices like Shapeways.com allow customers to experiment –you can joinalocal hackerspace to access and technology. Butyou don’thave to own your own to more. Schoolsusetheminteaching engineering,design replace broken householditems, tools, jewellery, toys and upload) designsfrom suchonlinesites asThingiverse.com. solidify. You can designyour own objects,ordownload (and the Makerbot depositsthematerial inlayers thatinstantly it. Guidedbyadigital computer-aided design(CAD) fi spools ofplastic thatmove through anextruder thatmelts around $2,000. made small,consumer-friendly 3Dprinters accessible for and designfor prototyping. Recent developments have now 1980s, buthasuntilnow typically beenusedbyindustry tissue? Thetechnology hasbeenaround since theearly nylon, recycled paper,ceramics, chocolate andeven living Why would you wantone?You can produce partsto The Makerbot Thingomatic,for example, works with growing, isashifttocultureof he Makerphilosophy, while still three-dimensional objectsfrom plastics, metals, ow aboutamachinethatbuilds–layer bylayer –

t, t, of excellence. ment willreintroduceustoconcepts the process.Perhaps theMakermove- cheaper, butsomequalitygetslostin a crafts person:itmay befasterand more thanapproximatetheskillof So far, massproductionhasdonelittle made pro Etsy offeraplatformforsellinghand- skills, while onlinemarketplaceslike to learnnew, potentiallyprofi and hacker hobbies intobusinesses.MakerFaires people areincreasinglyturningtheir ducts toaworldwide market. spaces offer an opportunity spaces offeranopportunity le, le, source licence. using downloadable CAD fi but thepurist DIYer can buildtheirown micro-controller $30 preassembled, and theprogramming software isfree, by anItalian electronics fi tweets whenyour houseplantneedswatering! Invented sensors to gadgetsfor gamers. There’s even adevice that objects: anythingfrom doorbellsthrough water tank depth designers –to buildprogramme-responsive electronic A Arduino micro-controllers computers thatallow anyone –hobbyists, artists, rduino micro-controllers are simple, single-board table table Paul Granjon rm, theArduino costs about les, available withanopen- Exciting kit New directions

21 The Arduino Team/www.arduino.cc Arduino The

uorocarbons, or CFCs, widely used widely or CFCs, uorocarbons, M. Vincent & E. Studlet/Biosphoto/Still Pictures Studlet/Biosphoto/Still E. & Vincent M. National parks Abraham In 1864, US President long. been with us National parks haven’t later of what would the care of California the State to signed over Lincoln became – in 1872 – Yellowstone Soon after National Park. Yosemite become the later, 140 years merely national park. Today, established rst fi the world’s standard area II protected has 6,555 national parks under the Category world II (IUCN). Each Category of Nature Conservation Union for of the International and ecosystems biodiversity that preserves area natural be a large must reserve inspiration education, research, for as a public resource also serve and must from of ecosystems, range a vast National parks – which cover and recreation. a small part of the also just – are and beyond glaciers or deserts to rainforests cumulative in 1911, the globe’s worldwide: areas of protected network massive which has risen to kilometres, 250,000 square covered areas protected today. kilometres 8.1 million square as refrigerants and propellants in aerosols. When CFCs are carried into the into carried are When CFCs in aerosols. and propellants as refrigerants up the stratospheric that make the ozone molecules down break they atmosphere, more it, humans are Without rays. ultraviolet that shields Earth from layer of malaria and other infectious rates cataracts, and skin cancer to vulnerable Under disrupted. of plants and animals are cycles life and the diseases increase, of Protocol signed the Montreal of UNEP, the nations of the world the leadership – which is agreement environmental major international rst fi 1987 – the world’s cutting the use and and other compounds, of CFCs phasing out the manufacture is now The ozone layer cent. by 95 per substances of ozone-depleting emission 2070. by around levels pre-industrial to and will return recovering The ozone layer layer The ozone that concentrations observed Survey the British Antarctic from In 1985, scientists thinning. The were near the South Pole, of atmospheric ozone, especially chlorofl called compounds culprit: organic

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TUNZA No 2 10 Vol 7 22 In the early 1920s, chemists added lead to petrol to help vehicle engines run run engines help vehicle to petrol to lead added 1920s, chemists In the early health was considered the risk to toxin, Though it was a known smoothly. more the on the road, of vehicles numbers with increasing later, minimal. Decades that contaminate particles lead ne Engines emit fi apparent. became dangers especially are Children by people. and ingested be inhaled soil and can as diminishing such health problems poisoning, giving rise to lead to vulnerable the In the 1970s, the USA began restricting damage and hearing loss. IQ, organ Air Act. the Clean banning it in 1996 with nally in fuel, fi allowed amount of lead went in children levels lead blood Elevated followed. rapidly Other counties a only in 2006. Now, 1 per cent in the 1970s to of children 88 per cent from of eradication global is aiming for fuel, and UNEP use leaded still countries few by 2013. petrol leaded Unleaded petrol petrol Unleaded , 23 gures gures New directions Silent Spring ght malaria, DDT causes ght malaria, DDT ed standards standards ed ed ecolabel. Consumers ed ecolabel. c POPs, but continues to research other chemicals, adding new ones to its ones to adding new other chemicals, research to but continues c POPs, which led to its withdrawal in the USA. Still used to fi in the USA. Still used to its withdrawal to which led milk. The international in human breast and is found abnormalities in wildlife on Convention under the 2001 Stockholm POPs eliminate to is working community the use of or restricted has eliminated The treaty Pollutants. Organic Persistent 12 specifi as necessary. banned list Ecological footprint Ecological as a general this term understands everyone Nearly footprint? your What’s method A statistical resources. on our planet’s impact individual’s of each indication analyses Footprint the Ecological by Mathis Wackernagel, developed originally and resources regenerate ability to human demand on the Earth’s and compares individuals, between lifestyles and compare us examine It lets absorb our wastes. of all our sustainability the assess helping us to and countries, businesses mainstream has entered footprinting ecological decades, three In the last choices. Living Planet Report. It uses Wackernagel’s WWF’s thanks to consciousness the Earth’s demands exceed humanity’s and where how exactly present to analysis time humans lived the last the 2012 report, to us. According sustain to capacity fi latest of the Earth was 1976, with the capacity within the regenerative indicating that we’re currently using one and a half planet’s worth of resources. worth using one and a half planet’s currently that we’re indicating POPs include pesticides or POPs, pollutants, organic as persistent known Chemicals biphenyls (PCBs), and such as polychlorinated chemicals industrial such as DDT, As incineration. or waste processes of industrial – by-products and furans dioxins over be transported can years, for in the environment stay their name implies, POPs in the polar especially – accumulating currents by wind and water distances great health. human and planetary to chain, posing a hazard the food – and enter regions 1962 book Rachel Carson’s POP due to famous the most became DDT rst third-party certifi third-party rst James Gathany/CDC require communications ll. But electronic WWF Living Planet Report 2012 sheries and carbon footprints. Recently, General Motors Motors General Recently, footprints. sheries and carbon ces. Today, we may still use paper, but take instant, global global instant, use paper, but take may still we Today, ces. rst ecolabel, Blue Angel, was created by Germany’s environmental agency in 1978, agency environmental by Germany’s was created Blue Angel, ecolabel, rst Fewer than 20 years ago, email and videoconferencing had us imagining a future had us imagining a future ago, email and videoconferencing than 20 years Fewer offi with paperless Electronic communication communication Electronic The communication? is computer-driven green So how granted. for communication to and chemicals using water trees, down cutting email saves out. True, still jury’s the world, around journey on a fossil-fuelled paper, or sending letters manufacture or in landfi end up incinerated they where resources, too. One study claims that sending a 4.7 megabyte email attachment claims that sending a 4.7 megabyte One study too. resources, 17.5 times. Why? a kettle boiling to equivalent gas emissions in greenhouse results and buildings – all of servers demands computers, infrastructure data Electronic CAN We run and cool. store, manufacture, to and energy materials which require on farms run their server to providers service ask your greener: e-comm make send smaller regularly, caches empty online email storage energy, renewable face-to-face! networking social – and do more attachments establishing standards for eco-friendly products. Now ecolabels are ubiquitous: the ubiquitous: are ecolabels Now products. eco-friendly for standards establishing and 25 246 countries 431 of them across tracks www.ecolabelindex.com directory global building to foods organic to ratings energy from everything – covering sectors industry fi sustainable to standards of production – help customers make fairly reliable decisions at the till. The world’s The world’s at the till. decisions reliable fairly make – help customers of production fi fi industry’s auto the launched Ecologic, Even the effort. worth but it’s promise, what ecolabels to attention pay close need to the planet. for big improvements help add up to can small stickers It’s not easy for environmentally conscious consumers to work out the relative impact of out the relative work to consumers conscious environmentally for not easy It’s certifi independently indicate – which typically But ecolabels their choices. Ecolabels Tired of consuming?

hy not build your own civilization? Polish-American farmer and technologist Marcin Jakubowski abandoned his original fi eld of study – fusion energy – Wto create the Global Village Construction Set (GVCS). The set consists of 50 robust, low-cost machines made from local and recycled materials that will allow anyone to build all the infrastructure a community needs. At Factor E Farm, just 12 hectares in rural Missouri, Marcin’s organization Open Source Ecology has been designing and building the GVCS, as well as developing a prototype self-suffi cient village. He tells TUNZA how it works, and how it’s going.

What do the 50 GVCS machines include? ‘We’re in the process of building every piece of infrastructure we rely on to provide a decent standard of living. First, you need to produce food. So we start with a tractor. For water, you need a well-drilling rig. For housing, we have a rammed-earth brick-making machine and a cement mixer – and for renewable energy we have solar concentrators and wind turbines. For transport, we’re designing a renewable-energy car that runs on a modern steam engine.

‘So far, we’ve completed designs for four machines: a tractor, brick press, soil pulverizer and power unit. We also have around 15 prototypes, including computer-controlled devices for producing electrical circuits and cutting metal, a cement mixer, a sawmill and a heat exchanger. Our designs are modular – for example you can easily detach the wheels from the tractor and use them on a truck or bulldozer, and the steam engine can power a house as well as a car – saving materials and maximizing fl exibility.

‘The GVCS is open source: we publish the designs online so that anyone who needs these tools can build their own.’

Where do the materials come from? ‘At the moment, we use standard materials. But the GVCS includes an induction furnace and hot metal rolling processes, allowing you to recycle scrap steel. Pelletized biomass runs the steam engine. You can make glass from sand, and extract aluminium from clay.

What’s your goal? ‘While developing the GVCS I’m building a real, autonomous community that will rely on this technology. We’ve got eight people at the farm, including a construction director and a farm director. The goal is a total of 30 worker-residents.

‘It’s about setting an example. I want to demonstrate that industrial productivity can be achieved on a small scale, showing how far 30 people can go in creating a modern standard of living – including things like superconductors and metals – from onsite materials. GVCS lowers the barriers for any enterprise: people can produce almost anything, adapted to any purpose – whether you want to build a similar community or just want a solar condenser for your school or an affordable micro-tractor for your farm. We’ll also evolve into a production and education model, teaching people the skills to use the technology to support any enterprise.’

Inspired? We were. Take a look at what you CAN do, and fi nd out more: http://opensourceecology.org/wiki/Global_Village_Construction_Set