IMPLEMENTERS Islamic Counselling Initiatives of Nigeria (ICIN) i s a n o n - profit, non - f a i t h b a s e d , n o n - governmental organization (NGO) based in Jos. ICIN was established in 2006 in response to the numerous challenges faced by the vulnerable groups as a result of recurrent violent conflicts in Jos and its environs. It partners with local and internationa l organizations. It collaborates with media, the government, and COMMUNITY PEACE corporate organizations, c r o s s - ethnic and interfaith groups in all its activities. PARTNERSHIP (CPP), PLATEAU Justice Development and Peace/Caritas (JDPC) is a faith based and non - p r o f i t STATE IN FOCUS organisation of the Catholic Ar chdiocese of Jos registered with the name: Social Justice and Human Development for

Peace Initiative. It serves all humanity regardless of religious, political or ethnic affiliation. JDPC collaborates and networks with other faith and non - faith based organ i z a t i o n s . JDPC and ICIN are currently jointly 0 implementing Output One

of the NSRP project. Community Peace Partnership (CPP), Plateau State in Focus

Table of Contents Acronym Introduction ...... 2 CBO: Community Based Organization CPP: Community Peace Partnership Implementation Sequence of Output One ...... 4 CWEENS: Christian Women for Excellence & Empowerment in Emergence of CPPs ...... 6 Nigerian Society DSS: Department of State Services Success Stories for the Project ...... 8 ICIN: Islamic Counselling Initiative of Nigeria PIA’s Higlights ...... 11 JDPC: Social Justice for Human Development and Peace Initiative Conclusion ...... 37 LGA: Local Government Area NDLEA: Nigeria Drug Law Enforcement Agency NOA: National Orientation Agency NPF: Nigerian Police Force NSCDC: Nigeria Security and Civil Defence Corp NSRP: Nigeria Stability and Reconciliation Programme OPSH: Operation Safe Haven PIAs: Project Implementation Areas PWD: People with Disabilities SSS: State Security Services WPS-N: Women, Peace & Security Network

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Community Peace Partnership (CPP), Plateau State in Focus

1. Introduction

Across Nigeria, violent conflict continues to affect the Composition of CPP lives of millions and it is increasingly recognised as one of the main barriers to sustainable development and  Youth groups national growth, preventing access of citizens to  Women groups education, health and economic opportunities. Violence  PLWDs is affecting particularly the most vulnerable, including  Traditional women, youths, PWDs and minorities yet they are institutions  Religious institutions  NPF  NSCDC  Operation Rainbow  OPSH  SSS  NOA  LGA  CBO  Court Magistrate  Ethnic Associations

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Community Peace Partnership (CPP), Plateau State in Focus

excluded from decision making around peace and security.1 of conflicts and to decrease the effect of violence on the most vulnerable in Nigeria. Evidence has shown that the following states: Plateau: Kaduna, Yobe, Borno, Bayelsa, Rivers, Kano and Delta are mostly affected in terms of violent conflict The programme supports peace initiatives in three Project Implementation in Nigeria. These are the states the NSRP is targeting for its intervention. Areas (PIAs) in Plateau State providing technical and financial support to local Non-Governmental Organizations to implement diverse but inter-related Prior to September 7th 2001, Plateau State was known and distinguished as the projects in target PIAs. It focuses on the following outputs to achieve its set “Home of Peace and Tourism,” largely because of the peaceful co-existence objectives. They outputs are: among the diverse ethno-religious groups in the state. It served as a model to other states of the federation and attracted many tourists from different parts Output 1: Security and Governance- This is aimed at strengthening conflict of the world. Unfortunately, the state witnessed series of incessant violent management mechanisms through enhanced coordination, participation, conflicts that led to the displacement of people as well as destruction of lives inclusiveness and accountability of responsible organizations within and property. The capital of the state is a cosmopolitan city comprising of government and the civil society in Nigeria. people of diverse ethnic groups including: Beroms, Anaguta, Afizeres, Irigwes, Hausa-Fulanis, Yorubas, Tivs and Ibos, among others. The city it is often viewed Output 2: Economics and Natural Resources- Here the programme seeks to as miniature Nigeria.2 address grievances around employment and resource competition. It is also aimed at mitigating drivers of conflict, for instance- youth employment, water The causes of conflicts in Plateau State are complex and multi-dimensional, and land use and oil spill most especially in the Niger Delta. ranging from poverty, ignorance and perceived limited economic resources. Other apparent causes are ethnic/communal issues (including Output 3: Women and Girls- This output of the Programme concerns itself “indigeneship” and “settlership” divide), religious intolerance and political with the Reduction of the impact of violence against women and girls and manipulation. Failure of key stakeholders, including government both at increasing their participation and influence on peace building. It seeks to federal and state levels in addressing these issues, in a holistic and increase participation of women and girls to reduce violence against women sustainable manner made it seemingly intractable. and girls.

The Nigeria Stability and Reconciliation Programme (NSRP) is a DFID-funded programme geared towards enhancing the effective non-violent management

1 ICIN Project Document 2 Peter Mancha

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Community Peace Partnership (CPP), Plateau State in Focus

Output 4: Research, Media and Advocacy: This is a cross-cutting approach accountable and also more inclusive (of youths, women and other which benefits the afore-mentioned outputs through enhance access to marginalised groups), then it will enable these actors and institutions to effective tools, information, visibility and buy-in. manage more conflicts through non-violent means.3

1.3 Components of Output one: However, the main crux of this assignment is to circumscribe the compilation on Output One with recourse to the CPP activities, incidents within PIAs, success The understanding of the components of Output One and appreciating the stories and lessons learnt. Here is a peep into Output One. vertical linkage of the respective levels as veritable variables suffices. The component parts are hereunder presented.

1.1 Overview of Output 1  Supporting the development of federal level networks related to security that foster accountability and a human security approach The Security, Good Governance and Community Peace Building project is as well as imposed coordination among security providers implemented by the Islamic Counselling Initiatives of Nigeria (ICIN) and (National Security Forum); the Justice Development and Peace Commission. The project seeks to  Building on existing mechanism for coordination around security promote community peace building and increased participation of within target states, and ensuring access to them by a broader inclusive groups (women, youth and special groups) to manage conflict range of actions ( SCMA); non-violently.  Supporting target communities to address their security concerns

and local level conflicts, improve relations with security providers, It also strives to facilitate the building of trust in target communities of Jos and link with state level structures (CPPs). North, Wase and Bokkos LGAs among diverse groups. The goal of the project is to “improve participation of the community and traditional 1.4 Specific objectives: leaders, women, youth, security groups including the hybrid security personnel, state and non-state actors to mitigate conflict and reduce Output one has four specific objectives guiding its focus and they are stated violent conflict in the three LGAs.” as follows:

• To assess existing conflict management structures and facilitate 1.2 Theory of Change the emergence of CPPs The pathway to change envisaged by this output is that ‘if NSRP can support the strengthening of actors and institutions that manage conflicts, by making them better coordinated at local, state and federal levels, more

3 ICIN Project Document

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Community Peace Partnership (CPP), Plateau State in Focus

• To strengthen civil society and security agencies capacity to From the onset, the project sought to understand the complexion, participate in CPPs complexity, diversity and breadth of the conflict by commissioning a baseline survey using a myriad of methodologies. Findings from the survey • To support networking and exchanges between CPPs in the LGAs revealed the contextuality and specificity of the form and causes of the where they operate and create opportunities for exchange and conflicts in the three target LGAs of Bokkos, Jos North and Wase. coordination between them and SCMAs • To guide CPPs in the definition of their activities and support the The conflict in Bokkos ranges from land disputes, disputes surrounding delivery of their action plans. shared resources to intermittent clashes between farmers and pastoralist who are predominantly of the Fulani extraction. Jos North has being a 1.5 Desired Outcome major feature in the conflict map in Plateau State, because the crisis of September 7, 2001 started in the LGA. However, it has received a deluge The following are the desired outcomes of Output One of interventions and such efforts have helped in ameliorating the impact  An established CPP with built capacity which will reflect an all- or and slowed down the tendency for re-enactment of hostilities. inclusive, coordinated and accountable forum on peace and security established in each target LGA; To consolidate on the gains made and to further preclude any possibility of  CPP is engaged with local level peace and security actors, wantonness, the Project did the survey and discovered that vestiges of improving coordination in the management of conflict in NSRP’s violent conflict lurk in the corner. However, the “no-go” areas still existed target LGAs, conducting mediation and monitoring existing as at the time of the survey and reprisals are likely occurrences. The tensions; indigene-settler dichotomy has been a constant discourse and a source of  CPPs are empowered to report on local level drivers of conflict tension. which could escalate into violence, thus contributing to early Continuous incursion into Wase, nocturnal attacks and cattle rustling add warning. up to compound the severity of conflict in Wase LGA. The survey showed that land dispute and indigene-settler dichotomy in Kaushi, Mavo and 2. Implementation Sequence for Marafa intensify the friction among the people. Cattle rustling are also Output 1 repeated causes of violence in the LGA. From the survey it was reported that over 9,000 refugees were in Wase L.G.A living in schools as a result of displacement owing to the incessant attacks on farms and settlements.

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Community Peace Partnership (CPP), Plateau State in Focus

Problems of coordination of security personnel and communities regarding the populace was enlightened on the NSRP/ICIN project on security, good information sharing were also identified through the survey as key issues governance and community peace building. Discussants for the to be tackled. programmes were drawn from the NSRP Regional Office to sensitize the general public on the background of the project and the role of the In the wake of the survey, an array of consultations and advocacy dialogues community in civic duties and peace process. were carried out to help inform and tease out other areas of conflict so as to position the Project to deal with the issues with reasonable finesse and A groundswell of contributions was garnered through phone-in panache. Seeking the viewpoints of security actors, traditional leaders, perspectives from listeners and social network responses through tweets special groups, youth and women in all target local government areas was and comments on Facebook. About 900 listeners from across the State necessary to improve participation in the community peace building shared with the Project what their perspectives on the issues were. process. Over Forty stakeholders were reached in the communities. 3. Emergence of the CPPs Through the consultations that were carried out, it was discovered that certain groups have harboured grievances that have not been addressed. Mostly women who participated in the dialogue process alongside other Community-centric conflict resolution has remarkable prospects for traditionally marginalized groups vented their whinge which gave a deeper sustainable change. Communities are better placed to understand their insight into the implications of exclusivity. context and specific needs more than outsiders. Communities do know the sensitivities, assets and limitation of their communities as well as the As a culmination of the dialogue series, over one hundred and twenty causes of friction among their people. External contribution can only community peace groups were selected in order to help build trust and facilitate interactions and support the enhancement of capacities needed tolerance in all three LGAs. To empower the groups and to equip them for to solve context-specific problems. the task ahead, they were trained in conflict management and transformation with the intention to help them step down the training to Also when ownership transits from initiators (outsiders) of peacebuilding other groups for broader reach and participation in managing conflict non- projects to communities, it guarantees enduring impacts. This sentiment violently. of ownership also bestows a sense of accountability and makes the efforts of the communities more fruitful. Besides, the proclivity for replication is For a wider outreach to boost understanding and the buy-in of a broader heightened and engenders widespread ownership and accountability. spectrum of target groups and the populace, the project employed the use of radio programmes to achieve that goal. Through the radio programmes

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Community Peace Partnership (CPP), Plateau State in Focus

The Community Peace Partnership was birthed in the light of the foregoing. Plateau State and the Project Implementation Areas have had their share The fading presence of donor projects provides the justification for the of conflicts arising from a complex mix of causes. Many organizations have vesting of conflict resolution responsibilities in communities other than intervened with varied shades of successes and failures owing to diversity external parties. However, external support could only serve as a stopgap of approaches as the case may be. Taking into cognizance the importance to fill the lacuna of initial funding and capacity. The lack of conflict of involving local stakeholders who feel the pinch and understand the management mechanisms or structures in the local communities and the issues, the project opted for an approach that will focus on empowering need to deal with conflicts as they arise reinforces the bases of the people to directly intervene and proactively prevent occurrences or empowering local structures as well. The concept of Community Peace reoccurrences of conflicts. Partnership emerged as a fallout of the thinking that community-based structures could help communities address their security concerns and also Aware of the complexity of conflict issues and the widespread presence resolve conflicts as the arise if their capacities are enhanced to effectively and effects of violent conflict which equally requires complex and multi- deal with community specific issues. Under the NSRP/ICIN/JDPC project, stakeholder approach, the project considered a higher placed structure CPPs were formed to provide the bridged along the yawning gap of the that could have state-wide influence to complement the work and provide provision of home-grown remedy to rising and intractable conflicts. strategic support to the CPP. This informed the formation of the State Conflict Management Alliance (SCMA). SCMA has its sphere of influence Community Peace Partnership is a community peace platform initiated and wider and more potent than that of the CPP and this puts it at a vantage supported by ICIN and JDPC in Plateau State. The funding was made position to provide requisite support to the CPPs serving as a referral available by the NSRP and the CPP have been in existence since 2014. destination. Members of the CPP in Bokkos, Jos North and Wase have undergone trainings in diverse fields to help them effectively conduct their planned The major thrust of CPP is to support existing formal structures. One of the activities. reasons behind the establishment of CPPs as a veritable structure in the LGAs is because over time it was realize that the peace and security meetings conducted by the LGCs were not usually effective and inclusive. CPP started with a five-year strategic planning process that gave birth to a strategic plan which enabled them derived their activities therefrom. In the 3.1 Approaches by ICIN and JDPC wake of the strategic planning process, the CPPs were led through some The approaches used by ICIN and JDPC in forming and sustaining the CPPs action planning sessions to come up with activities that would be include but not restricted to: realistically implemented.  Capacity Building;

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Community Peace Partnership (CPP), Plateau State in Focus

 Backstopping; and  resolve conflicts;  Supervision.  improve relations with security providers;  Improve relations with government institutions. 3.2 Composition The composition of the CPP reflects a rainbow coalition where you have members representing diverse constituencies and interest. Members of 3.4 Capacity Building Trainings for CPPs the CPP are representatives of security/religious institutions, Vigilante, The project devoted energy and resources in building the capacities of the special groups, CBOs, CSOs; women based organizations and youth leaders. CPPs to ensure that they are better poised for the challenges ahead. The The composition composes of the following: following are the capacity building trainings that were organized and  Youth groups conducted by ICIN for the CPPs.  Women groups  Capacity Building Training of CPPs on Early Warning Response  PLWDs and Mitigation of Conflict 120 stakeholders, 40 each per PIA were  Traditional institutions trained on early warning, response and mitigation. This has helped  Religious institutions them to identify and report early warnings for prompt response by  NPF the responsible authorities. This has also resulted in the myriad  NSCDC incidences they have reported to the security agencies and LGC or  Operation Rainbow have made referrals to the SCMA. Besides, their capacity was built  OPSH to enhance their skills in managing and mitigating of conflicts that  SSS fall within their purview and confines of intervention. The training  NOA ensured that marginalized groups were targeted to broaden the  LGA sphere of influence in preventing and deescalating of conflicts.  CBO  Refresher training for LGA CPP for enhanced coordination and  Court Magistrate improved synergy with security agencies and peace actors in the  Ethnic Associations LGA and state level. 42 persons (27 males and 15 females) were 3.3 Rationale for Formation of CPP trained.  Capacity building of LGA CPP on civic education to combat The CPPs were established and expected to specifically do the following: electoral violence. 80 persons (54 males and 26 females) were trained.  support communities to address their security concerns;

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Community Peace Partnership (CPP), Plateau State in Focus

 Women Peace Dialogue Workshop Having discovered the organizing the training. 40 participants (26 males and 14 females) exclusive tendencies of communities and groups, the Project put were trained. together a training to up the stakes of women and to enhance their  Training of Security Agents and Media Practitioners on: inclusion in conflict decision architecture. The most important Effective Communication and Reporting on Conflict targeted consideration is to get them up to speed on issues of conflict and CPP members, security agents and media Practitioners. Reporting how dialogue and provide leadership were necessary. This training conflicts have been a well skewed endeavour which has high also targeted Persons with Disabilities. The training provided the likelihood of escalating conflict. From experience, conflict platform to size up challenges and issues surrounding gender reportage tended to fuel the crises in Plateau State and to train key considerations or otherwise in the communities. Even though with stakeholders in the media and security architecture was deem the advent of the project women participation and also the imperative. Besides the training sought to enhance and strengthen participation of marginalized groups have been augmented, their synergy and coordination among the community, media leadership roles have not been clarified appropriately; hence the institutions and security agencies in reporting conflict issues. The need to focus on areas of strengthening their leadership capacities intent also was to encourage relationship building with various to aid in their involvement in decision making. actors towards violent-free election. And finally to encourage and  Conflict Management, Prevention of Electoral Violence and foster professionalism among the target groups toward effective Community Development for Community Peace Partnership communication of conflict related issues and service delivery. (CPP) in Jos-North LGA. Elections in Nigeria are always laced with tensions and from the experiences of the PIAs; they have never 4 Success Stories for the Project successfully conducted elections devoid of skirmishes. Electoral violence came to an unprecedented height in 2011 as an aftermath A suit of successes have been achieved by the Project. We will look at the of the Presidential Election most especially in the Northern Region generic picture of successes and then look at specific successes realised by of the Country. With that in mind, the Project Team thought it the respective PIAs. necessary to train the CPP members to provide some services geared at preventing electoral violence. They were also expected The package of trainings designed and conducted for the CPPs and other to step down the training in their respective LGAs to guarantee stakeholders has placed them on the plane to deal with issues they would widespread impact. Based on feedbacks garnered by the project not have ordinarily been able to handle appropriately without being team, lack of civic education has been the predominant reason for properly trained. violent conflicts in the state. This provided the justification for

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Community Peace Partnership (CPP), Plateau State in Focus

These training were never made in a straitjacket form were resource Aside the conventional security institutions that are widely recognized in persons ram down their thoughts on the participants but were platforms Nigeria, there are other community security structures that the were expectations received clarity, controversial issues are deliberated communities, especially in the northern Nigeria, rely on. Prominent among with an air of respect and things that were blurred were examined through them are the Vigilante Groups of Nigeria (VGN). Since the inception of the lenses of better understanding and appreciation. For example the training NSRP project, advocacy, consultative and familiarization visits were made that was aimed at enhancing and improving synergy among CPP members, to key stakeholders to see the possibility of strengthening them without media practitioners and security agencies, especially in conflict situations, doing harm. laid bare reasons there are usually frictions between security agencies and the media. The representatives of the security agencies posited that there In Bokkos LGAs, VGN was functioning only in Bokkos town, independently are officers specifically designated to share information with the media and of the other conventional security agencies. Through capacity building the general public. The outcome of the training is the commencement of a training, the VGN has been strengthened. They are now more coordinated forum where media practitioners and security agencies meet regularly for and collaborating with the other security agencies. There are other improved synergy and coordination. functional VGN groups in Daffo community with about eighty (80) members. Due to existing collaboration and coordination with other Inclusion and credible considerations have been made to deal with conventional security agencies, these groups have contributed to the exclusive tendencies of patriarchal mindsets of the past. To reflect that the reduction of criminality and isolated communal attacks by unknown CPPs are committed to demarginalizing their operations and to improve gunmen. During an advocacy to the Hon. Monday Kassa, Executive gender sensitivity, a lady, Ms. Grace Sunday and a member of the Special Chairman, Bokkos LGA, he was so impressed with the activities of the VGN Group was made the Vice Chairperson of the CPP in Jos North. The that he promised to look into the possibility of giving its members monthly emergence of Munirat Abdullahi as the Chairperson of the Wase LGA CPP stipends. Presently, he supplies uniforms to the members. In Wase and Jos- and Mrs. Jennifer as the Secretary of LGA CPP in Bokkos speaks volumes of North LGAs, the VGN have been in existence and functioning before the such commitment. NSRP programme. However, there was poor coordination and collaboration with the conventional security agencies. However, after The efforts made by the CPPs in the three PIAs ensured that the State building their capacity for enhanced coordination and collaboration with House of Assembly, Senatorial, House of Representatives and other security agencies, this has resulted to confidence and trust building. Gubernatorial primary elections were conducted without violent-free. The It has increased access to the conventional security agencies. CPP achieved that through constant informal contacts; synergy among the

CPPs and productive meetings with stakeholders. In Wase LGA, the VGN are now part of the Nigeria Police Force (NPF) patrol team. The VGN has been instrumental in sharing information on the

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Community Peace Partnership (CPP), Plateau State in Focus

security concerns at the grass-roots to the police. This has contributed to trainings and there was a huge presence of senior personnel of security reduction of crime in the LGA and isolated attacks by some unknown agencies at the trainings organized by ICIN/JDPC gunmen. The Emir of Wase has been supporting the VGN and encouraging it to be more committed in its activities. In Jos-North LGA, there is Other senior officers in Wase and Bokkos LGAs have been attending our improved trust among the Christian and Muslim VGN members. This is activities organized by ICIN/JDPC which was not the case at the outset of evident on worship days because the VGN members that are Christians the project. This has enhanced attitudinal change of most security agencies assist in securing places of worships on Fridays and the VGN Muslim and provided legitimacy to them also in most of the communities in the members also do the same on Sundays. This is very typical in Ali-Kazaure PIAs. wards and Rikkos community. Election violence has marred the history of Plateau State. Jos-North, Wase In the wake of the twin bomb blasts of the 20th May, 2014, that killed about and Bokkos are not exception. The election violence that has always 118 persons, however, official records proves otherwise, the vigilance of erupted in Jos-North and Wase LGAs explains why local government VGN and CPP ensured that an unfounded reprisal was forestall. The elections have not been conducted over ten years. While other fifteen local coordinated posture assumed with the security agencies helped to foster governments have enjoyed participation in the electoral process to elect order in the flashpoint areas of the local government area. their executive chairmen, appointments as Management Committee There is now free entry, exit and movement in the areas that were initially Chairmen have been made in Jos-North and Wase LGAs. Consequently, tagged as “no-go-areas.” This has resulted to trust building and improved even when general elections were conducted, some decided not to integration between the Christian and the Muslim communities. This was exercise their civic right due to potential for violence. However, the story evident during religious festivities that were hitherto unimaginable to is changing. The CPPs in the three Project Implementation Areas (PIAs) jointly celebrate. carried out a thorough mapping of those areas that have been tagged as trigger points. They concentrated their awareness and sensitization on It was a usual practice among the security agencies to delegate very junior prevention of electoral violence on these areas. The traditional and officers to represent them when invitation for capacity building trainings religious leaders were mobilized to step down the awareness creation to was sent. These junior officers usually cannot influence decisions. Most their followers. Security agents, representatives of National Orientation times they lacked they impetus to step down the trainings to their fellow Agency (NOA) and Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) were juniors let alone the senior officers. JDPC and ICIN leveraged on the good engaged in the process with CPP members taking the lead. This contributed relationship that CPP members have with the Special Task Force (STF). The long and short is that a senior officer in the STF participate in subsequent

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Community Peace Partnership (CPP), Plateau State in Focus

to violent free elections in the PIAs. The turnouts in all the elections were They did achieve this unilaterally but in collaboration with the stakeholders remarkable.4 in the LGAs and financial sacrifice from the CPP members.

The security situations in Bokkos, Jos-North and Wase LGAs before and Facts have shown that on the Plateau, especially in the Project during the 2015 general elections improved significantly compared to the Implementation Areas (PIAs), women, youth and people living with 2011 general elections period. There was no recorded violent conflict in disabilities were marginalized in peace building process. At the inception the three PIAs after the 2015 general elections. This could be associated of the NSRP intervention, baseline survey showed that less than 5% women with the concentration of the security agencies’ headquarters in the LGA. participated in peace building process and the same applies to decision making even if the decision concerns them particularly. Interestingly, today over 30% of women through the instrumentality of the project, get Evidence has shown that many interventions on the Plateau are not usually involved in the peace building process and decision making. sustained because adequate mechanisms are not put in place for such

interventions to outlive their lifespan. More so, the right structures and The women do not only make up the numbers but because their capacities institutions that could sustain and claim ownership of such interventions have been enhanced they have become valuable contributors to peace were not properly engaged. However, since the inception of the NSRP building. For instance, CPPs women groups in Mbar, Mangar and Mangor project, emphasis has been laid on sustainability and engagement of the communities in Bokkos LGA with collaboration of ICIN team paid advocacy community for ownership. The leadership of the local government areas visit to Saf Mbar to push for the support of the traditional leader to fight where the NSRP project is been implemented have been adequately against substance abuse in the community. The outcome of the advocacy engaged. They have provided meeting space for the CPPs at the is the launching of the campaign against drug abuse which led to the secretariats in Bokkos and Wase LGAs which had enabled regular monthly closure of shops that specialized in dealing in the sales of illicit drinks. The meetings. The same feat has been achieved in Jos North even though multiplier effect is the reduction of crime in those areas. Regularly, these belated when compared with the other two PIAs. The independent women participate in SCMA meetings. planning and implementation of activities and initiatives spearheaded by the CPPs gives inkling that sustainability could be a reality The PWDs were not left out because their capacities have been built and they are actively involved in the peace process and are found to be Resolutions are massively carried out by the CPPs; for instance, in one of contributing to decision making as it were. One of the PWDs is the Vice the quarters of implementation, 64.7% resolutions were implemented. Chairperson of the Jos North CPP.

4 ICIN Quarterly report

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Community Peace Partnership (CPP), Plateau State in Focus

breadth of finesse and this has led to resounding results. Nevertheless, some were not handle appropriately with recourse to conflict sensitivity. Below are case studies reflective of the contextual diversity of the LGAs. There is enhanced and improved understanding among the indigenous farmers and the Fulani herdsmen. Cases of farm encroachment and crop 20 Resolved by CPP destruction are handled non-violently. Also there is improved synergy with 18 16 output three in incorporating big aunties and brothers into CPP. Referrals Referred to SCMA 14 are made to the DC and they are engaged and involved in CPP activities. 12 10 Referred to LGC Enhanced coordination between CPP members SCMA (four meetings held). 8 Testimony of Mallam Haruna Abdul Zakari, Management Committee 6 Referred to CSOs Chairman, Wase LGA, about spending more time in the LGA because of on- 4 going peace-building interventions. Commandant of NSCDC said his 2 Referred to Security personnel in the targeted LGAs are more coordinated in their duties. 0 Agents Bokkos Jos North Wase

Police has reported evidenced reduction in security threat as a result of enhanced collaboration with the VGN by the community CPPs in the three LGAs. 5.1 Bokkos LGA 5 PIAs’ Highlights Introduction Bokkos LGA is renowned for its massive production of Irish Potato which CPPs have taken proactive as well as reactive measures to deal with issues has made it stood head and shoulders above other LGAs in that area of of conflict in their respective areas. Activities were carried out by the CPPs agricultural production. Towards the end of the farming season, a beehive and some incidences were identified and reported; conflicts were also of activities surrounds the LGA with people coming all over the nation to resolved by them in the three target LGAs. Even though, the process varies buy the most cherished Irish Potato. depending upon the environment, there are key similarities in every

environment. By approaching the community in a context-appropriate way, the CPPs were able to attend to the diversity of the issues with some

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Community Peace Partnership (CPP), Plateau State in Focus

Until 2013, the LGA was a peace haven but from the footnote of violence the LGA and that of the security agencies, which has posed a serious it rose to make headlines of incessant conflict and notorious attacks on hindrance to advocacy efforts. This is a critical obstacle that works at cross innocent citizens. The highpoint of the violent conflict in that area is the purposes with the goals and objectives of the CPP. killing of the paramount ruler in the LGA after a number of traditional rulers The replication of CPPs in some communities in the LGA by the CPP shows have been killed. This has informed the myriad of interventions that have been done to help quail the constant skirmishes. that the path to achievement to success and sustainability has been lined with good omen. Results achieved so far, is believed, will spur the government to support the CPP for sustainable presence of the CPP. The NSRP project has been CPP attested to that it is timely and significant and more so most important is the formation of the CPP. The emergence Therefore the engagement with the government should be robust to of the CPP was greeted with enthusiasm and acceptance and this has been ensure the continuance of support. reflected in participation of the people to buttress the expediency of the The gruesome killing of the first class chief of Bokkos almost dented the group to the LGA. It was further opined that the formation of the local successes achieved by the CPP members but they were proactive enough structure came in handy and it is significant against the backdrop of the to rally for peace among the people. Finally, the effort to facilitate the brewing tensions in the LGA prior to the establishment of the structure in opening of a Police Post in one of the communities is an unprecedented the LGA. and strategic move on the chessboard of peace building carried out by a local structure in the LGA. To further reinforce the desire to embrace the establishment of the structure in the LGA, people from Bokkos argued that the strides they have made goes without saying that its formation is not in vain. A traditional leader in Bokkos suggested that the coming of NSRP, with the resultant establishment of the CPP, helped to consolidate what has already been started. He said the intervention carried out by the CPP has helped in building trust between the communities and the security agencies and has bolstered interaction and mutual understanding among the religious groups in the LGA. Networking among the security agencies have also been achieved through the agency of the CPP activities.

However, these successes have not come without obstacles. The major Activities by Bokkos CPP challenge the group has faced is the consistent change in the leadership of

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Community Peace Partnership (CPP), Plateau State in Focus

After the drawing up of the action plan for the “I have been applying the skills learnt during LGA, the CPP went to mediation training to settle disputes in my work to implement the palace. It has even helped me to improve in the home front. Most significantly, I was planned activities. The overwhelmed with the concerted efforts of the activities covered, bear CPP members before, during and after the reference to step down elections. With my support and my Council of trainings, advocacy Chiefs we mapped out those flashpoints and meetings, and the they carried out sensitization on prevention of electoral violence. For the first time in the conduct of several history of elections in Bokkos LGA, there was dialogue sessions. no death recorded.” Below are some of the Saf Monday Adanchin, activities implemented Traditional Leader of Bokkos LGA. by the CPP, either independently or jointly with the intermediaries of the 1 18th December,2014 Step down Training for 53 project. participants (39 males and 14 females). The training featured key embodied by topics on violent-free election; information gathering and dissemination and peace for partnership. 2 21st January, 2015 The CPP did an awareness drive towards guaranteeing a violent-free election and peaceful coexistence for stakeholders in the LGA. This was carried out at the Saf-Ron- Kulere S/N Date Activities/Targets Hall

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Community Peace Partnership (CPP), Plateau State in Focus

3 22nd January, 2015 The CPP organized an awareness 8 4th March, 2015 A sensitization and awareness creation forum emphasize the dire engagement on the role of need for the conduct of a violent- community members in the free election and peaceful prevention of electoral violence was coexistence targeting stakeholders held in Bokkos with about 100 of the LGA. This was held at the people in attendance Makai Bokkos Hall Hall 9 22nd May, 2015 Sensitization on conflict 4 26thJanuary 2015 The CPP mobilized support for the management and peace building Vigilante group of Nigeria to foster carried out at Mangor community legitimacy for the group and for the aimed at fostering mutual effective discharge of their duties. understanding and reduction of 5 3o January 2015 It carried out routine visits to violence. 141 (111 males and 30 stakeholders and security agencies females) were reached. in order to acquaint itself with the 10 22nd May,2015 Before the sensitization campaign level of information gathering done commenced advocacy visit was paid by the security agencies. to the Saf Mangor and solicited his 6 9th February,2015 An awareness creation meeting on support for the building of a Police the prevention of electoral violence Outpost in that community. was held for Fulani women 11 18th July, 2015 A peace dialogue was facilitated by spearheaded by one Hafsat the CPP between farmers and Abubakar a CPP member and the pastoralists at the Saf Ron-Kulere Head of Fulani women in Bokkos Palace 7 11th February,2015 An awareness creation meeting on 12 25th July 2015 It organized and carried out the prevention of electoral violence community peace dialogue with was held for Fulani women farmers, pastoralists and the youths spearheaded by one Hafsat of the LGA Abubakar a CPP member and the 13 12th August,2015 The CPP embarked on an advocacy Head of Fulani women in Bokkos visit to Saf Manguna. The visit

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Community Peace Partnership (CPP), Plateau State in Focus

doubled as a sensitization campaign which led to the establishment of 20 Resolved by CPP the CPP Unit in that area. th 14 13 August, 2015 The CPP with support from NSRP and Referred to SCMA 15 ICIN paid an advocacy visit to the Management Committee Chairman Referred to LGC of Bokkos so as to introduce the 10 concept of CPP to and solicit support Refered to CSO from him. 5 15 22nd September, 2015 An interactive session was held at Referred to Security the local Government Council 0 Agents Bokkos Chamber with over 20 participants in attendance. This was to keep the The CPP has resolved more conflicts than it has referred to other populace abreast of developments supportive bodies. It has reported matters to the security agencies, SCMA, regarding security issues and CSOs/CBOs like CWEENS, DC and a human right agency. The issues that fell peaceful coexistence. within the purview of the LGC were appropriately channelled to it. Below Incidents are a litany of the incidents that happened in Bokkos, even though there are more, these are the ones that have lingered within recollected memory.

S/N Date Incidents

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Community Peace Partnership (CPP), Plateau State in Focus

1 13th September,2015 The gruesome murder of a woman and Mandar. Two members of the family: her three year and five-year old Shungum and Malan Marawe sustained children in Mbar community of Bokkos injuries and were hospitalized. LGA 7 18th August,2015 One Mr. Yohanna Daniel aged 57 was 2 10th July,2015 At about 5 pm, the Sarkin Hausawa, shot dead at Batish Village of Mbar who is a member of the CPP in Bokkos community by suspected cattle rustlers LGA, was shot at Kassa, a village in 8 31st August,2015 A family in Manguna community were Barkin Ladi but he survived the gunshot ambushed while on their way to and was taken to the Bingham Teaching Maikatako market. Four among the five Hospital. people attacked died of gunshots. The 3 10th July,2015 One Magdalene Abwai of Hottom surviving victim was taken to the village was shot death in Janguling area hospital. Thos are names are Akare of Daffo by unknown gunmen. The Mangam; Mashingil Mangam, Paul attack was suspected to be a reprisal Mangam and Elizabeth Ezekiel attack in response to the attack on the 9 15th November, 2015 Two (2) persons from Barkin-Ladi LGA Sarkin Hausawa. were killed by unknown gunmen in 4 12th August,2015 Mr. Joel Choji, the Principal of the Manguna District of Bokkos LGA. One of the diseased persons was known as Government Secondary School Sha was Pius while the other was not identified. killed by some gunmen at about 2 pm At the same time, two (2) persons of as he alighted from his car. He was Ron ethnic group of Bokkos LGA were eventually set ablaze in his car. attacked by the same unknown 5 15th August,2015 One Mrs. Esther Maram was shot on gunmen. They are still in critical the forehead by unknown gunmen at conditions at the hospital. th her house in New Layout Bokkos 10 10 April,2016 At about 9 am, the Dah Ali Magaji, Town at 8pm and was taken to the Jos Village Head of Forof Kwatas was killed. University Teaching Hospital. The assailants used machetes to inflict 6 17th August,2015 At about 9 pm, some unknown gunmen fatal injuries on him. attacked a family at Dares village of 11 15th,16th and 17th A series of attacks were launched in April,2016 Mbar, Matol, Mangar and Ngyong and

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Community Peace Partnership (CPP), Plateau State in Focus

this issue was reported to the SCMA. It caused unrest. If not for the was discovered that the sector intervention of the CPP it would have commander of STF had not gotten the resulted into violence. However, the report and he was incensed with his CPP referred the matter to the Dialogue personnel. Committee 12 21st April, 2016 An altercation between two brothers 17 22nd June,2016 Another case of encroachment led to the death of one of the siblings at transpired at Takai Village which was Maginba Village waded into and finally referred to DC 13 12th May, 2016 There was an arm robbery attack where and was eventually resolved a number of shops were robbed in 18 2nd July,2016 One Augustine killed Habila Francis in a Bokkos town. Beer Parlour in Bokkos Town 14 17th May,2016 Unknown gunmen attacked the 19 18th July, 2016 The paramount ruler of Bokkos LGA, Da Gwande community of Manguna and Lazarus Agai was waylaid and killed killed two persons: Danladi an elderly along with three other people between person and one Mallo a youth. Besides Sha and Daffo road. The others who that, they set some houses ablaze. The were killed with the traditional ruler CPP efforts yielded results because were Joshua Agai, Martha Afalla and there was no reprisal. This is partly Inspector Sunday. because prior to the attack CPP had 20 19th July,2016 A reprisal attack greeted the death of gone on a sensitization meeting in that the paramount ruler and several community. The case was reported to houses were burnt in Tashan Maikarfi, the Police by the religious leaders of Sha and Hutton communities that community and the CPP. 21 19th July, 2016 A counter response to the attacks led 15 26th May, 2016 The District Head of Manguna, Dah to the burning of the Catholic Church in David Adake was killed at about 7pm in Sha Manguna. 22 20tht July, 2016 A discovery of military blankets, 16 20th June, 2016 A dispute in respect of farm uniforms, bullet proof vest and bullets encroachment at Kunet could have in a car allegedly owned by the Hardo

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Community Peace Partnership (CPP), Plateau State in Focus

of Bokkos Town sparked off violence which brought about a reprisal in Tashan Maikarfi 23 21st July, 2016 A peaceful demonstration turn awry because the youths later had a Success Stories confrontation with the military and that confrontation led to the death of Participation Sadiq Jibril, Felix Ibrahim Kamo, One of the key focuses of the project is to augment the number of women Geofrey Lange Afura and Emmanuel participating and involving in decision making. A key success of Output One Sebastian. This was reported to the in Plateau State is the increased number of women who have acquired the SCMA by the CPP in Bokkos. The requisite capacity and have gone ahead to make valuable contributions to following day a 24 hour curfew was peace building. For instance, one Hafsat, a leader of Fulani women imposed on the LGA and the people singlehandedly spearheaded the awareness creation on the prevention of were indoors for 48 hours before the electoral violence reaching about a hundred of Fulani women in Bokkos. curfew was relaxed This goes without saying that the women have not only been empowered 24 8th September,2016 A man popularly known as Osama from to participate but they have also been empowered to take initiatives as Mbar community was murdered in the well. The chart below shows the percentage of women who now morning in his house. contribute meaningfully to CPP’s efforts at ensuring peaceful coexistence in the LGA “My district has always experienced heaviest burden of conflict spills from Barkin-Ladi. Initially, I faulted why ICIN and JDPC did not involve my district in the NSRP project. However, with the establishment of the CPP unit in my area, this has strengthened our resolve to manage our conflicts non-violently. We will advocate to the LGA Chairman and the Legislative Arm for the possibility of passing the establishment of CPP unit in all the districts of Bokkos LGA into law.” Saf Manguna.

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Community Peace Partnership (CPP), Plateau State in Focus

The result of the advocacy to Saf Mangar became evident when the Inclusion Women in Peace Mangar community Building successfully built a structure that

Women comprised of office 30% space and Men accommodation to “The Youth groups now see the security agencies 38% contribute to the as reliable, approachable and friendly. After a eventual take-off of a focus group discussion in the training on “Early Warning, Response and Mitigation of Conflicts in Youth Police Outpost in the Jos-North, we now see the police as civilians’ 32% community. It is very friends.” unlikely for communities to build Mallam Ismail Abdullahi, Youth, Jos-North LGA. A former Executive Chairman of Bokkos LGA was so impressed with the Police outpost so this activities of the VGN that he supplied uniforms to the members of the feat should be group. celebrated and the community should be The intensive work done by the CPP in Manguna community led to the seen as a model in the establishment of a CPP unit in that community. Early warning has pointed legitimization of the Police to the possibility of conflicts in that area and when the unit was established and the novel support a people can give to institution of government to it helped in dousing the tension and eventually deescalating the impending facilitate the discharged of roles and responsibilities and the effective conflict. This achievement by the CPP shows the level of ownership it has provision of services. assumed and that will further spur sustainability going forward. The prompt report to SCMA of the likeliness of the curfew imposed on the Bokkos LGA in the aftermath of the killing of Saf Ron-Kulere, Da Lazarus Agai, causing further damage and escalation of the conflict, buttresses the appreciation of the linkage between the CPP and the SCMA - which has the capacity to influence the upper echelon of authority in the state. The

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Community Peace Partnership (CPP), Plateau State in Focus

curfew was partly relaxed because of the intervention of the SCMA that It is a consensus by stakeholders in Jos North that existence of CPP has had earlier received an early warning report from the CPP in Bokkos. brought about tremendous calm and progress in the LGA. The usefulness of the local structure cannot be overemphasized. They see the CPP as a 5.2 Jos North LGA credible platform that facilitates interaction between the LGC and communities.

The causes of conflicts in Jos North are multi-dimensional and the effects On the side of the communities, it is heart-warming that the CPP is the first multifaceted. LGA structure that was accepted in the communities and this is probably One of the negative effects of the conflicts in Jos North is the new pattern because it is an all-inclusive structure. The CPP in the LGA has contributed of settlement. Over time, the settlement pattern has changed; unlike in the to the prevention of the violence from escalating ever since it was past, some areas are now exclusively dominated by Christians while other established. areas are dominated by Muslims.

Areas dominated by Christians were viewed as “no go areas” for Muslims and vice-versa for Christians in areas dominated by Muslims. This had heightened suspicion and mistrust between these groups. Areas Activities by Jos North CPP dominated by Christians include Apata, Jenta, Tundun Wada and Gada Biu communities. On the other hand, areas dominated by Muslims include Likewise the other PIAs, Jos North has implemented activities to foster its Bauchi Road, Angwan Rogo, Gangare, Babale, Abba Nashehu and quest to support the peace building efforts in the state. Some of the Naraguta Communities.5 activities were predetermined while others are unplanned or were not captured in the action plan the CPP developed to guide its work in the LGA. However, there are areas where members of both religions meet and Below is a matrix containing some of the activities carried out by the CPP. transact businesses with little or no fear. These include the popular S/N Date Activity and Targets terminus market and Ahmadu Bello way Jos. Interestingly, the “no go 1 5th October, 2014 With financial support from NSRP and areas,” are gradually fading and shedding off their notoriety because of the mobilization from ICIN, Ali-kazaure efforts of the CPP and other collaborators in the peacebuilding sector. community organized a dinner night for

both Christian and Muslim youths to

5 Peter Mancha

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Community Peace Partnership (CPP), Plateau State in Focus

foster peaceful coexistence among the hosting of Christian members of CPP them. which was the first time for such to occur 2 15thJanuary, 2015 The CPP members in the LGA carried out after the lingering crisis and lack of trust a consultative visit to the stakeholders in that started in September, 2001. Bauchi Babale community, where there had Road is a Muslim dominated community. occurred violent conflict. The visit was to 8 18th August,2015 Advocacy visit to the Jos – North LGC develop strategies for forestalling future Chairman occurrence. 9 25th September,2015 CPP paid an advocacy visit to the 3 29th January, 2015 Formation of Youth Coalition to Commissioner of Police at the Plateau integrate youth in polarized State Command communities of Jos-North. This was 10 20th November,2015 Advocacy visit to the Operation Rainbow organized by CPP Ali-Kazaure for the State Command following communities: Apata, Busabuji, 11 23rd November,2015 Advocacy visit to the Divisional Police Gada Biyu, Anguwan Rukuba Officer (DPO) ‘A’ Division (Jos –North) 4 12thFebruary,2015 The CPP in Jos North facilitated the 12 27th November,2015 Advocacy visit to Divisional Police Officer formation of the CPP squad in (DPO) ‘C’ Division (Jos -north communities of the LGA 13 16th December,2015 Advocacy visit to Divisional Police Officer 5 12thMarch & 9thApril, A 2015 general election community (DPO) Laranto Division (Jos –North) 2015 monitoring of early warning was done 14 17th December,2015 Advocacy visit to DSS office Jos –North and the outcome was reported to the Division office appropriate authorities. 15 17th December,2015 Advocacy visit to Nigeria security and 6 23rd May, 2015 Dialogue and awareness meeting with Civil Defence Corps (NSCDC) Jos –North principal community stakeholders on the Division office need for peaceful coexistence at Kunga 16 18th December,2015 Advocacy visit to DPO Nasarawa Gwong Village in Rigaza Ward Division 7 20th July,2015 The CPP organized a Sallah feast for the 17 18th December,2015 Advocacy visit to Operation Safe Haven, Muslim brothers & sisters at Bauchi Road sector 2 and the highpoint of the celebration is

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Community Peace Partnership (CPP), Plateau State in Focus

18 19th Dember,2015 Step-down training at Angwan Yashi, Tudun Wada on dialogue and sensitization toward peaceful Maulud, Incidents Christmas and New-Year celebration. Dealing with Conflict 19 24th December,2015 Peace Rally organized and carried out to ensure a violent-free celebration of Resolved by CPP Maulud, Christmas and New Year in 12 collaboration with sector 2 Operation 10 Referred or Referred to Safe Haven. This was done at major 8 SCMA roads and busy areas around the city 6 Referred to Security 20 18th March,2015 Paid a second round advocacy visit to Agents 4 Jos-North LGA Chairman at the LGC Referred to LGC 2 Secretariat 0 21 19th April,2016 Advocacy visit to Royal Father Ujah Referred to CSOs Jos North Jauor Magaji the ruler of Anaguta Land at his Palace in Dogon Dutse In Jos North more of the issues were reported to the security agents. This 22 26th May, 2016 CPP also held meeting with the Jos-north is an encouraging signpost of a good working relationship between the CPP market union body and discussed the and the security agencies in the LGA. The following are some of the insecurity that is prevalent within the incidents that occurred in the course of the existence of CPP in the LGA. market owing the harbouring of illicit The incidents recorded in the following matrix are very important but they drug dealers and their patrons. are by no means exhaustive. 23 12th August,2016 Paid a second round advocacy visit to the S/N Date Incidents Nigeria security and Civil Defence Corps 1 13th October, 2014 Gunmen robbed and killed 50 years old (NSCDC) Mr Godian Okoli, a frozen fish dealer, 24 17th August,2016 Paid a second round advocacy visit to the around Katako Market neighbourhood Police Commissioner of Jos-North LGA. The incident occurred around 9:00am. The gunmen invaded 25 30th August,2016 Advocacy visit to NDLEA Plateau state the cold room in a tricycle and asked for command the proceeds from sales he made over

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Community Peace Partnership (CPP), Plateau State in Focus

the weekend which allegedly was about succession at about 8:00am, midway N3.5 million. into the service. 2 5th January, 2015 A youth was caught and beaten to coma 8 17th July, 2015, A student of the University of Jos was by the APC supporters for tearing said to have been shot dead close to an posters belonging to their party. He STF checkpoint in Seniors Staff Quarters later died in the hospital. of the University of Jos. This was 3 10th January, 2015 Angry youths attacked and burnt 2 allegedly connected to occultism buses used for the campaign of 9 25th July, 2015. 14 persons were killed and others President Goodluck Jonathan close to severely injured as a result of chlorine an STF government checkpoint. gas cylinder explosion at the Plateau 4 27th February, The police confirmed thirteen (13) State Water Board treatment plant in 2015 people dead and fourteen (14) people British American Junction area of Jos. injured in Jos-North. Other victims of the gas poison were rushed to Our Lady of Apostle (OLA) 5 24th April,2015 There was an eruption of violence in Hospital, Bingham Teaching Hospital, Kunga village of Jos North LGA. This Plateau Specialist Hospital and Air-force incident was reported and referred to Hospital. Among the deaths were two the SCMA for further action. students from the Nigeria Film Institute 6 5th July 2015 On Sunday at about 9:30pm, sporadic (NFI), British American, Jos. gunshots were heard in Jos metropolis. 10 12th August,2015 The high rate of the abuse of illicit drugs This was followed by twin bomb blasts in Congo Rosha has led to continues in an Izala mosque at Yantaya and an criminal acts and violent clashes like eatery at the University of Jos that which happened in the month of Consultancy building, near Bauchi August. Motor Park, Bauchi road. th 7 12th July, 2015 On Sunday, chaos hit Evangelical 11 16 August,2015 The alleged barricading of the road Church Winning All (ECWA) in Tudun during church services in one of the Wada, near the federal secretariat, Jos, ECWA Churches also led to renewed Jos-North Local Government Area hostilities in Tudun Wada. (LGA). Twin bombs were planted in the 12 2ndDecember, A lion escaped from Jos Wild Life Park. church entrance and toilet. The twin 2015 Mr John Doy, the Acting General bomb blasts occurred in quick Manager, Plateau Tourism Corporation,

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Community Peace Partnership (CPP), Plateau State in Focus

said that the lion escaped at about 18 February 2016 One Christian youth, suspected to have 8:00am while it was being fed. This stolen a generator, was killed and his caused anxiety among the communities body was also burnt in a Muslim closer to the Park. Later in the day the dominated area. lion was shot dead. This brought mixed th feelings among different groups as to 19 13 March, 2016 Some irate youths burnt and destroyed why the lion should be killed the Angwan rukuba police out post. 13 26th December, A clash between youths of Rikkos and This was reported to SCMA 2015, Abba-Na Shehu communities around 20 13th March, 2016 The Nigeria Security and Civil Defense Salisu Adamu of Jos-North LGA resulted Corp (NSCDC) sealed off some private in death of one youth from Abba Abba- security guards companies operating Na Shehu community. On 9 January, illegally in the state. Plateau state 2016, there was reprisal attack from the Commander of the NSCDC, Felix youths of Abba-Na Shehu community Bolade, said that the sealing became on Rikkos community. But there was no imperative following the refusal of the death recorded. guard companies to register with the 14 12th February,2016 Shi’ite sect protest plan was aborted as command which is the body authorized a result of the early warning sent by CPP to issue license to them. to security agencies. 15 15th February, Miss Nanchin Zakariah of the th 2016 Psychology Department, University of 21 16 March, 2016 Some DSS Officers were in Ahmadu Jos, who lived in Angwan-Rukuba area Bello Way of Jos to arrest one John Dan of Jos-North LGA, was allegedly whose offense was not disclosed. Out strangled to death by Mr. Badung Dele, of fear, Hezekiah Paul, a student of her boy-friend. Computer Science from the University 16 February, 2016 The land dispute between Hausa and of Jos, on sighting guns being wielded by the DSS officers attempted to run Anaguta ethnic group Along bauchi ring and was shot by the DSS in the process. road. This was reported to SCMA He died few minutes later at the 17 February, 2016 A youth was killed at Arawa community Plateau State Specialist Hospital. and his body was burnt. This was 22 17th March, 2016 The planned creation of new districts in reported to SCMA the state awoke confrontations in the

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Community Peace Partnership (CPP), Plateau State in Focus

LGA where abusive words were used reported to Operation Safe Haven against some ethnic groups most sector. OPSH were able to quell the especially in Jos North LGA. rampage. 23 4th April,2016 The proliferation of small arms and light 27 20th May,2016 A twin bomb blasts that occurred in Jos weapons in some communities in Jos- North which killed over 100 persons north. Reported to the chairman and and leaving many injured. security agencies 28 23rd May,2016 Dealing with an issue of rape and the 24 19th April,2016 Clashed between Afizere and ethnic suspect in the LGA let to Violent conflict group in Fudawa and Nabor 29 24th May,2016 Another bomb blast occurred and killed communities over land 4 persons in the LGA. There was no any 25 1st May, 2016 At about 8:30pm a man was almost reprisal attack due to timely killed by some youths in Dutse Uku near intervention of community Vigilante Anguwan Rukuba community who Groups. Although business premises claimed he had stolen a goat and were locked amidst many complaints, handset. However, nothing was visible there was no any violent conflict. to show that he had stolen anything as 30 26TH May,2016 A serious land dispute happened at alleged by the youths. The boy was later Duse Uku Jos Jarawa ward. This was let go by the intervention of the Youth reported to SCMA Leader in that community whose 31 7th June, 2016, At about 4pm, a youth was killed at one assistance the CPP sought for. ‘jungle justice’ site at Yan-bulala stream 26 14th May,2016 At about 9:30pm at konan Shagari- area of Laranto Community of Jos- community where a gang suspected to North LGA be members of one Alhaji. Ibrahim Mai- 32 14th June, 2016, At about 8pm, a man was killed at Mai sect came out and started Sabon-Layi behind stadium Zaria Road destroying people’s cars and other in Jos-North LGA by unknown gunmen valuables. CPP quickly reported to DPO 33 17th June,2016 A man was stabbed with a knife at Busa of Laranto and the State Intelligence Buji area Bureau (SIB) officer (a CPP member)

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Community Peace Partnership (CPP), Plateau State in Focus

34 19th June,2016 Thunder struck and killed two children 41 2nd July, 2016, Two commercial tricycle ‘Keke NAPEP’ at Angwan Rogo riders were found dead in Rusau 35 23rd June,2016 Gunmen alleged to be staff of the DSS Community area of Farin-Gada in Jos- shot student of the University of Jos at North LGA Ahmadu Bello way 42 3rd July, 2016, At 10:15pm, one youth was killed along 36 Thunder again struck and killed another Angwa-Rogo/Filin Idi Bridge by a gang man at Rikkos community of youths from Ali-kazaure ward, Jos 37 29th June,2016 A 16 year old boy was killed at Filin Idi, North. The gang injured 8 persons and Ali-kazaure damaged over twenty private cars 38 29th June, 2016. The gang injured 8 persons and while 2 out of the injured persons later damaged over twenty private cars died in the hospital. while 2 out of the injured persons later 43 6th July,2016 At 7:30am, Vigilante Group of Nigeria died in the hospital. (VGN), Katako Laranto unit at Yan- 39 30th June, 2016 One man was killed by hoodlums again bulala arrested a boy with small gun at a stream along Filin-Idi Anguwan and a knife. Rogo 44 7th July,2016 At about 7:00pm, a member of VGN 40 1st July, 2016 A case of homosexuality occured at from Katako Unit was killed by gang of Randan-Ruwa rikkos community. The hoodlums at Shagari-Corner area OF people of the community at about 6pm Jos-North LGA accosted 2 boys: 11 years old while the 45 6th August,2016 The violence that occurred as a result of other one 7 years. Another boy aged 17 a boundary issue between Babale of was also discovered to be involved. The Jos-North and Sabon-Garin Narabi of CPP with the collaboration of the Toro LGA of Bauchi state. traditional leader addresses the matter 46 6th August,2016 The killing of a suspected Cocaine which would have led to the dealer in Congo Rosha almost sparked community taken the laws into their off a religious crisis by the agency of hands. rumour peddling

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Community Peace Partnership (CPP), Plateau State in Focus

47 9th and 12th of Persistent killing by youths said to be of Participation August, 2016. cult groups between six incidences have been reported within the quarter Inclusion of Women in Peace Tafawa Balewa, Busa Buja, Apata, Utan and Rusau Building 48 25th August,2016 A suspected Boko Haram member was arrested at the border of Toro to Jos- North Men Women 49 25th August,2016 The influx of strangers was noticed and 34% 22% the CPP considers it as suspicious and therefore reported to the security Youth agencies. 44% 50 25th August, 2016 One drug baron whose name was not disclosed was killed in Congo-Russia area of Jos-North LGA The number of women who participate in CPP activities increased to 22% 51 25th August,2016 The harbouring of drug dealers and as at the fourth quarter of the implementation of the project. This is one addicts in the former Jos Main Market of the results that the project achieved. building was seen as inimical to the pursuit of peace and the CPP called on The vigilance of the Vigilante and youth groups in Ali-Kazaure and Bauchi the market union to discourage that. road of Jos who were trained by ICIN were able to detect explosive devises planted beside Our Lady of Fatima church, Katako, and Bauchi park on the 5th and 6th December, 2014. This was reported to the security agents and both disasters were averted.

The sharing of information between the CPP and security agencies has resulted in trust and confidence between them and has aided the security agencies to improve its intelligence gathering. The response to early Success Stories

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Community Peace Partnership (CPP), Plateau State in Focus

warning by the security agencies when reports emanate from the CPP is the DSS. Based on the on-going collaboration with security agencies, the usually sharp. Operation Rainbow has promised to give the CPP a public address system so as to help the CPP carry out its rallies. The quest of the CPP to get an office space to hold its monthly was approved by the Chairman of Jos North LGC in March, 2016. This is the Going forward more results are likely to be achieved because of the outcome of the advocacy that the CPP deployed. independent push for initiatives by the CPPs.

A series of reprisal attacks have been averted in the LGA because of the The CPP members distributed ten (10) forms to the less privileged that vigilance and robust engagement of the CPP with security agencies and needed skills in Information Communication Technology (ICT) initiated by SCMA. The CPP in Jos has a member from the State Intelligence Bureau the CPP. What informed this was the production of Identity Cards by the (SIB) who has been of great help to the group. CPP chairman for the CPP members at a subsidized rate. The CPP members were impressed by the quality of the Identity Cards and discussed the The CPP has set up an early warning Situation Room which has helped in possibility of impacting such knowledge to the less-privileged. The the quick release of reports to the security agencies. This has contributed chairman volunteered to train the less-privilege in his ICT centre in Ali- to the prompt response from the security agencies. Kazaure area. The training will be for both Christians and Muslims groups. . The chairman distributed the Identity Cards (IDs) he had produced to the CPPs Ali-Kazaure has expanded its membership to Anguwan Dalyop which CPP members in attendance. This was aimed at encouraging all members is the Christian dominated part of Ali-Kazaure community. The expansion to be committed to the peace building process in the LGA. to the Christian dominated part of Ali-Kazaure has fostered mutual trust and peace building among Muslims and Christians. This is a good initiative and shows commitment on the part of the CPP.

In the LGA there were “no-go-areas” before but the intervention of the CPP has doused the tension and has giving thoroughfare to people who could not access those areas prior to the establishment of the CPP.

The National Orientation Agency (NOA) has attested that the emergence of the CPP has giving NOA a forum to access accurate information which was not the case before. More robust collaboration has been achieved with 5.3 Wase LGA

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Community Peace Partnership (CPP), Plateau State in Focus

Wase LGA is known nationally and international because of its imposing rock formation that is as awesomely present as a major tourist delight. This LGA would have been a Mecca of some sort if not for the conflict that has characterized its recent existence. A combination of causes has conspired to deny it the veritable nature and attraction that would “I am very happy with the relative peace that is have placed it on the global map of tourist sites. being enjoyed between us and the Tarok people of Langtang LGA. The Tarok people are now seen around Wase carrying out their activities. The establishment and subsequent conduct of the activities of the CPP The people of Wase are also freely carrying out have been suggested to be of great impact by the CPP of Wase. This is their day-to-day activities in Langtang. In fact, I because its existence has provided unprecedented opportunities for will be in a meeting in Langtang-North communities to deal with conflicts and manage them appropriately. tomorrow.”

This has been made possible because of enhanced capacity for the Hon. Dr Ado Buba, Management Committee management of conflict. Understanding signs of impending conflict is Chairman of Wase LGA one area that has helped in the prevention of large scale conflicts and senseless reprisals and this has helped the CPP members in Wase. CPP is considered as a platform that has provided an avenue for women to be instructing them to ensure that the heard. This is exemplified by the growing percentage of women involved people within their domains remain and making contributions in the meetings and activities of CPP. law abiding. th S/N Date Activity/Target 2 6 November, 2014 In order to kick-start its activities properly and to draw the attention of 1 23rd May, 2014 CPP paid an advocacy visit to the Emir the populace, the CPP organized a of Wase on the security challenges in Town hall meeting in Lamba District the LGA and as a result the Emir and also at the Palace Chamber of the convened a meeting involving Emir of Wase with a view to create participants from all the districts. This awareness on CPP and its mandate. included the four District Heads, However, because of the tension and Village Heads and Youth Leaders crises in the other two districts of the

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Community Peace Partnership (CPP), Plateau State in Focus

LGA, the programme was not held in advocacy visit to the Management Kadarko and Bashar districts. Committee Chairman of the LGA. The 3 12th March 2015 With the cessation of hostilities in the Chairman ordered unimpeded access other districts that were affected by to the LGA chamber for CPP meetings violent conflict, the CPP embarked on and activities. He promised to an awareness campaign to the four nominate a Peace Desk Officer that districts of the LGA. A month before would constantly participate in CPP (February 2015) the awareness activities to give feedback to the LGA campaign, they had gone on a 6 14th September, 2015 The CPP members in Wase LGA familiarization tour to inform the four carried out an advocacy visit to the District Heads of the existence and Traditional Leader of Bashar in Bashar mandate of the CPP. district- and to the Traditional Leader 4 8th and 9th July, 2015 The CPP members carried out of Lamba in Lamba district. consultative meeting with the Emir of 7 15th September, 2015 The CPP members also carried out Wase, District Head of Wase, advocacy visit in Mavo of Kadarko Divisional Police Officer of Wase, district. The visit was aimed at District Officer of Nigeria Security and creating awareness of the CPP Civil Defence Corps (NSCDC), Director activities. It also aimed at seeking of Personnel Management (DPM), support for the CPP activities towards Education Secretary, State Security sustainability of the group. Service, Sector Commander of Special 8 12th November, 2015 A Peace Rally was organized by the Task Force (STF). The objective of CPP in collaboration with Community these visits was to seek for enhanced Security Architecture, a structure support for the CPP and the creation created by the Search for Common of an enabling environment for it to Ground (SfCG), Women Groups, Youth operate. Groups and Religious Groups aimed at 5 25th August 2015, The CPP members in Wase LGA drawing the attention of the FOB to alongside ICIN and JDPC carried out an end the crises in the LGA. However,

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Community Peace Partnership (CPP), Plateau State in Focus

the response of the FOB was aggressive and that led to the injury 20 Resolved by CPP sustained by some Primary School 18 Pupils 16 Referred or Referred to th 9 14 January 2016 The CPP went to Kadarko that was 14 SCMA 12 hitherto a no-go Area, having waded Referred to Security into the conflict between the Taroh 10 Agents and people in Wase Town, the CPP 8 6 Referred to LGC went to Kadarko with the intent to set 4 up an arm of the CPP in that district. 2 Referred to CSOs The people were receptive of the idea 0 of setting up the CPP and are still Wase making calls for the establishment of the CPP in that district. A number of the issues have been resolved by the CPP but some were referred to SCMA, security agents, the LGC and the CSOs/CBOs. The CSOs who had referrals from the CPP in Wase were CWEENS, WPS and Child Incidents Protection Network. There are incidences that occurred which signal early warnings and have S/N Date Incidents been subjects of resolution or referrals. The graph below shows the number 1 22nd March, 2014 Gunshots from sophisticated weapons of incidences, conflicts resolved, incidences referred or reported and the that lasted from 6.00am-5.00pm were ones that are still pending. heard along Wase Tofa 2 23rd March,2014 Continued shooting along Wase Tofa 3 24th March, 2014 The gunshots persisted along Wase Tofa in Lamba District 4 25th March,2014 The gunshots lasted till this very day along Wase Tofa area 5 8th April 2014 In Marafa, Kaushi/Mavo there was an invasion into a rice farm and crops were stolen. The invasion also led to the molestation of women..

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Community Peace Partnership (CPP), Plateau State in Focus

6 13th April,2014 Gunshots were exchanged between suspected to be part of the raid in Mai- security personnel and some assailants Angwan Naani village of Taraba State. who attempted to invade Marafa area in 11 10th May, 2015 A group of gunmen attacked two (2) young Mavo Fulani herdsmen. The older one sustained 7 10th June, 2014 The cows of one Dakuna were rustled and gun injury and was taken to a hospital. The the owner was wounded. However the younger one, of about 11years old died cattle were recovered and returned to the instantly from gun bullets. The attackers owner by the Security Agents after a tip off rustled (catered away) about 300 cattle. from the CPP. 12 30th May, 2015 In the night, some gunmen attacked 8 27th April, 2015 One Mallam Saadat Takdan of Takan Gyambar village of Wase LGA. After a village was attacked by some persons said prolonged scuttle between them and the to be of Tarok ethnic group of Langtang villagers, three (3) of the gunmen were North LGA. The deceased went to fetch killed while the others fled. Few of the drinking water and was ambushed. He villagers sustained injuries but no death died of bullet wounds. was recorded. The CPP members informed 9 28th April, 2015 Suspected gunmen raided a village, killed the security agents of the situation. Mr. six soldiers and went away with their Cletus Tsokwap, Chairman, CPP, Wase LGA ammunition. Three soldiers were and Mr. Jamilu Garba, Second-in- abducted. Later, the reinforcement from Command, from the Nigeria Security and Daruwa Barrack, Taraba State, recovered Civil Defence Corps (NSCDC) informed ICIN the three soldiers who had already been of these security challenges. killed and their eyes, tongues and eyes 13 14th April 2016: A 25 year old man raped an 11 year old girl removed. Investigations revealed that in Wase town; while the parents of the girl these gunmen were from Wadata, Suku, wanted the case to be settled at home, the Kurmi, Kasuwa Hausawa and Kadarko CPP intervened and the case was later villages of Wase LGA, Plateau State. taken to court and the boy was convicted 10 2nd May, 2015 The soldiers from Taraba entered Kadarko with an option of fine (N10, 000). The fine and killed over thirty (30) people who were caused a serious outcry in the LGA because

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Community Peace Partnership (CPP), Plateau State in Focus

the people argued that the option of fine is deployed security personnel to handle the not likely to deter people from committing issue. such atrocities in the future. 14 9th May, 2016 Cattle owned by Alhaji Musa Mafindi was 22 16th June, 2016: The corpse of a man was found at Kurmin rustled in Jaoji of Lamba District Gajare in Lamba District and it was th th 15 16 and 19 A dispute over farmlands in Wase Tofa but reported to the security agents by the CPP. May, 2016 the intervention of the security was timely 23 11th June 2016 A pastoralist encroached into a farm and no life was loss causing destruction to the produce of a 16 25th May, 2016 One Haliru, SarkinPawan and Jummai were robbed after they were severely beating in farmer in Angwan Tsokuwa. The farmer Sabon Birni near Bakin Rijiya in Kadarko demanded for a compensation of N200, District 000. However, the issue was resolved by 17 1st June, 2016 Cattle were rustled in Guwan Kogi in the CPP. It was finally agreed that the Kadarko District young man who was negligent and allowed nd 18 2 June, 2016 Unknown gunmen suspected to be armed the cattle into the farm should be robbers seized a motorcycle after beating punished and he received twelve lashes of up the owner, one Goshi at Pari near Mavo. One of the suspects was later the Cain. arrested 24 28th July 2016 Mohammed Gugeru from Kompany Zurak 19 3rd June, 2016 The cattle rustled at Guwan Kogi were was killed by three young men who recovered. accosted him and shot him. The attention th 20 16 June, 2016 A corpse was found at Kurmin Gajere, of the SCMA was drawn and asked to wade between Kuka Gyambar and Yola Market into the issue of indiscriminate killings to 21 30th June 2016 A group of people laid claims on certain prevent its capacity to spark off more parcels of land in Wase Tofa which did not violent conflicts. originally belong to them and the matter 25 29th July 2016 A case of wife battery (GBV) happened and was reported to SCMA and the STF the case was handled by the CPP in Commander who is a member of the collaboration with the Nigeria Security and Alliance informed the CPP that they had Civil Defence Corp. earlier received the report and have

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Community Peace Partnership (CPP), Plateau State in Focus

26 2nd August, 2016 One Mr Yunusa Wase was shot dead by Success Stories unknown gunmen in Wase Tofa of Wase Participation/Inclusion LGA over lnd dispute. By the fourth quarter the level of participation has greatly increased and 27 15th August, One Mr. Justice Lekwat was assassinated this has shown an improvement in inclusion which the project sought to 2016 augment in the course of the project. Below is a chart that shows that 38% in his house around 9:00pm at Pinno area. of women take part in CPP and decision making processes regarding peace This was likely connected to land dispute. building in the LGA. “This is the first time we were invited as Court. What I Inclusion of Women in Peace have learnt from this Gender and Conflict Sensitivity Building Training is what my people need. I am from Kanam LGA. I will discuss the possibility of establishing CPP in Kanam LGA with the Chairman and the Emir.” Men Women 34% 28% Aminu Saleh Muhammed. Youth 38% “I listened to the radio programme that featured the Project Officer under JDPC. I am glad with the way he presented the challenges of peacebuilding in Plateau State. I am so impressed with the emphasis on inclusion From the above it clearly shows that more women are involved in the of persons with disabilities in decision-making and activities of the CPP. This was not the case from the onset and so the peacebuilding processes.” project was able to train and integrate a reasonable percentage of women in the decision making fold. Alhaji Tijjani Ahmad, Chairman, Persons With Resolution of lingering tension and friction between communities was Disabilities, Wase LGA. achieved which led to a successful conduct of 2015 election in the LGA. During the 2013 crisis, certain areas in the LGA were discovered to be

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Community Peace Partnership (CPP), Plateau State in Focus

ambushes laid for the people and many people were killed as a result. The CPPs Vigilante groups in Marafa and Mavo/Kaushi have improved in their CPP, on getting wind of that, ensured that the security agencies mounted capacity of networking with Security agencies in Wase LGA. They formed checkpoints in those areas and that halted the spate of killings in those synergy and collaboration in night patrol with the police. They advocated places. for support of HRH the Emir of Wase. In response to their request, He donated a Hilux Van and a plot of land for the construction of vigilante Conflicts between herdsmen and farmers are currently resolved non- outpost that would serve as a meeting point for the vigilante groups.6 violently through joint monthly meeting which was not the case before. 6 Conclusion The electoral process in 2015 was done without let or hindrance because even people who could not visit Wase town came to Wase and exercised their franchise. This was due to continuous peace-building efforts by CPP 6.1 Analysing the achievement of the specific objectives and members in Wase. Desired Outcomes CPP Vigilante groups In Marafa/Mavo have improved capacity in networking with Security agencies in Wase, therefore synergy formed in 6.1.1 Specific Objectives collaboration in night patrol with police, enhance their Royal High the Emir The emergence of the CPP with a composition complexion that is unique of Wase for support to enhance function of the vigilante group, and all-encompassing has so far been achieved. By virtue of the In response to the their request His Royal Highness donated a Hilux Van composition, the security agencies, religious and traditional institutions, and a plot of land for the construction of a Vigilante Security out post that political structures and various stakeholders are represented in the CPP would serve as a meeting point for the vigilante groups fold.

Based on the collaboration between CPP and the LGC some conflicts were The capacity of civil society and security agencies has been expansively prevented. For example, the indiscriminate installation of chiefs in the strengthened and this has been attested by the CPP members and the wake of the crisis was one issue that could instigate violent conflict. So the effectiveness and broader perspective to issues has been attributed to the CPP was able to draw the attention of the LGC and security agencies and capacity which have so far been built by the intermediaries through the the likelihood of conflict was checkmated. funding of the NSRP.

6 Second Quarter Report

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Community Peace Partnership (CPP), Plateau State in Focus

The trainings and review meetings are avenues that have been employed 6.2 Integration and Synergy between CPP, Other Structures and by the intermediaries to guide the CPPs in defining and delivering of SCMA planned activities The CPPs from the outset did not fully understand the strategic relationship between them and the State Conflict and Management Alliance (SCMA). 6.1.2 Desired Outcome The composition of the CPP is very strategic to feed into all the spheres of Have the CPPS achieved the desired outcome they started out to achieve? the programme. There is supposed to be an unbroken link among the three It is not enough to have achieved the objectives but it is important that the levels of federal, state and LGA levels. Before now the major area that the effectiveness of CPP’s implementation of activities is sized up. CPP did not do well is the linkage between it and the SCMA. This is where results are a bit bleak because the linkage has not been fully and effectively The issue of inclusiveness which is one of the desired outcomes is one consummated. The good news, however, the link has begun to flourish. relevant area to start with. Are the CPPs all-inclusive and all stakeholders Achieving a workable linkage is very important because the success of are giving a sense of belonging? The CPPs have made steady progress as output one depends on an unbroken chain of interaction among the three reflected in the growing number of women and marginalized groups levels at the state and federal tiers which starts with the CPP involved in the CPP. As constituted now the CPPs have in their fold women, persons with disability, and religious and traditional leaders. What is 6.3 Lessons Learnt lacking is the significant presence of the security agencies which is being Frequent advocacy meetings to key stakeholders have enhanced inclusion worked on at the moment. and participation of women groups and people living with disabilities in The level of engagement with local level peace and security actors has not decision making. Monitoring of CPPs ensures activities are in line with set been very strategic and the CPP members have complained about the objectives. absence of cooperation from the security agencies. Allowing the CPP to facilitate the action plan sessions is a good step of The CPPs have been trained on early warning and early response and in making them own the process and further the likelihood of sustainability numerous instances they have reported early warning signs. However, one of CPP. This has also enhanced the capacity of the CPP members in of the critical missing point is the poor skills and negligent in documenting development practical and achievable action plan. reports. Though insecurity is a major challenge that could hamper the success of This is one key reason of the absence of laudable results are not articulated the entire programme but the commitment of the CPP members to the in available reports. programme and towards attaining peace made a lot of difference. This

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Community Peace Partnership (CPP), Plateau State in Focus

therefore means that commitment and ownership of a particular process will determine the direction of the programme.

Community-driven peace building will enhance ownership and accountability and when communities are giving a free hand they could come up with initiatives that will add value to any project.

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