Platonic Solids and Planar Graphs

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FUN PROBLEMS CROSSROADS ACADEMY MATHCOUNTS PREPARATION 1. Platonic Solids The ﬁve platonic solids (Tetrahedron, Cube, Octahedron, Dodecahedron, and Icosahedron) are convex polyhedra where each face is a convex regular polygon and the same number of faces meet at each edge. Polyhedron Vertices (V) Edges (E) Faces (F) Edges per vertex Tetrahedron 4 6 4 ∆s 3 Cube 8 12 6 s 3 Octahedron 6 12 8 ∆s 4 Dodecahedron 20 30 12 Pentagons 3 Icosahedron 12 30 20 ∆s 5 (1) Is it possible to the vertices of a cube with 2 colors so that no two adjacent vertices are the same color? (2) What is the smallest number of colors necessary to color the faces of a cube so that no two adjacent faces are the same color? (3) What is the smallest number of colors necessary to color the edges of a cube so that no two adjacent edges are the same color? (4) If an ant starts at a vertex of an octahedron and only walks on the edges, is it possible for the ant to walk along each edge exactly once without repeating any? Which of the platonic solids is this possible on? (5) If a sphere is circumscribed around a cube with side length 2, what is the surface area of the sphere? (6) What is the volume of a sphere inscribed in a cube with surface area 64? (7) Find the constants a, b, c, and d so that aV + bE + cF = d for all of the platonic solids using the table above. (8) Find the constants S and T so that the number of sides per face times F is equal to ET and the number of edges per vertex times V is equal to ES for each of the solids. Date: April 3, 2018. 1 2. 4 Colors and Euler's Formula (1) Draw two planar graphs with a number of vertices that is a multiple of 4. Fill in each vertex with a 1 or a 2 however you want, so that there are the same number of 1s and 2s and pass this sheet to your neighbor. (2) How many edges, vertices, and faces are in each graph? Do these numbers satisfy Euler's formula? (3) For each graph, what is the smallest number of colors needed to color the vertices so that no adjacent vertices are the same color? (4) Split the vertices into 4 groups so that each group has the same number of vertices. For each group, count the number of 1s and 2s that appear. Is it possible to create the groups in such a way that three of the groups have more 1s than 2s? What if the groups have to be connected? 2.

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Archimedean Solids
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln MAT Exam Expository Papers Math in the Middle Institute Partnership 7-2008 Archimedean Solids Anna Anderson University of Nebraska-Lincoln Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/mathmidexppap Part of the Science and Mathematics Education Commons Anderson, Anna, "Archimedean Solids" (2008). MAT Exam Expository Papers. 4. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/mathmidexppap/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Math in the Middle Institute Partnership at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in MAT Exam Expository Papers by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Archimedean Solids Anna Anderson In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Arts in Teaching with a Specialization in the Teaching of Middle Level Mathematics in the Department of Mathematics. Jim Lewis, Advisor July 2008 2 Archimedean Solids A polygon is a simple, closed, planar figure with sides formed by joining line segments, where each line segment intersects exactly two others. If all of the sides have the same length and all of the angles are congruent, the polygon is called regular. The sum of the angles of a regular polygon with n sides, where n is 3 or more, is 180° x (n – 2) degrees. If a regular polygon were connected with other regular polygons in three dimensional space, a polyhedron could be created. In geometry, a polyhedron is a three- dimensional solid which consists of a collection of polygons joined at their edges. The word polyhedron is derived from the Greek word poly (many) and the Indo-European term hedron (seat).
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