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Sophocles – the Women of Trachis CHARACTERS of the PLAY Sophocles – The Women of Trachis CHARACTERS OF THE PLAY Deianeira, daughter of Oeneus, wife of Heracles. Nurse. Hyllus, son of Deianeira and Heracles. Messenger, an old man of Trachis. Lichas, herald of Heracles. Old Man. Heracles, son of Zeus and Alcména. Chorus, maidens of Trachis, attendants of Deianeira. Captive women of Oechalia, including Iole. Attendants of Heracles. Some other names in the text Achelóüs, a large river in western Greece. Cádmus, founder of Thebes, where Heracles was born. Cenaeum, a promontory of Euboea. Dodóna, an oracle of Zeus in northwestern Greece. Euboea, a large island opposite Tráchis. Éurytus, king of Oechalia and father of Iole. Evénus, a river between Pleuron and Trachis. Íphitus, son of Eurytus and brother of Iole. Krónos, father of Zeus. Lócris, a region south of Malis. Mális, a region in southern Thessaly. Néssus, a centaur. Oechália, a city of Euboea. Oeniadai, a city near the mouth of the Achelóüs. Oeta, a mountain near Tráchis. Ómphale, queen of Lydia. Pléuron, birthplace of Deianeira, near the Achelóüs. Tráchis, a city in Malis. [Scene: Trachis in front of the palace of Heracles and Deianeira.] [Enter Deianeira and Nurse.] Deianeira There is an ancient proverb people tell that none can judge the life of any man for good or bad until that man is dead; but I, for my part, though I am still living, know well that mine is miserable and hard. Even while I was living with my father Oeneus in Pleuron I was plagued by fear of marriage more than any other woman. My suitor was the river Achelóüs, 10 who took three forms to ask me of my father: a rambling bull once ‐ then a writhing snake of gleaming colors ‐ then again a man with ox‐like face: and from his beardʹs dark shadows stream upon stream of water tumbled down. Such was my suitor. As I waited there I prayed my agony might end in death before I ever shared my bed with him. But later on, to my great joy, the glorious child of Alcména, son of Zeus, arrived, 20 and joined in combat with the river god, and freed me. How they fought I cannot say, I do not know: for only he who saw that sight, yet did not tremble, could describe it; but I sat petrified with terror, lest my beauty might bring sorrow down upon me. Then Zeus the warrior‐king brought forth good issue ‐ if it was good . for though I am the wife of Heracles I nourish fear on fear in my concern for him, since each night brings 30 a sorrow which the next night steals away. We have had children, yet he only sees them as migrant farmers see their distant crops: once when they sow and once again at harvest. Such was his life that he came home but briefly; then left again to serve his hard taskmaster. But now that he is free from all his labors, now I am seized by greater dread than ever. For since the time he slew strong Iphitus, we have been exiled here in Trachis, living 40 in a strange household; and where Heracles has gone, no one can say. I only know the bitter pangs his going left with me. Surely he has endured some grave misfortune; for no small time has passed since he departed, but fifteen months already without tidings. It must be some misfortune ‐ as the tablets he left with me forewarned. How often I have prayed to God they would not bring me grief! Nurse Queen Deianeira, many times have I 50 seen you bewailing Heraclesʹ departure and weeping bitter tears of lamentation. But now, if it is proper that a slave should teach free people, I will speak up for you: since you have such a multitude of children, why not send one of them to seek your husband? Hyllus should be the first to go, if he has any care about his fatherʹs welfare. But here he is, running fast toward the house! If you believe my words were spoken rightly, 60 now is the time to try them on your son. [Enter Hyllus] Deianeira My child, my son, wise sayings sometimes come even from humble people like this woman. She is a slave, but what she says rings free. Hyllus What, mother? Tell me, if it may be told. Deianeira That, since your father has been gone so long, it is disgraceful for you not to seek him. Hyllus There is no need, if what I hear is true. Deianeira Child, has some rumor told you where he is? Hyllus They say he spent the whole long plowing season 70 working in bondage for a Lydian woman. Deianeira If he has borne this, nothing will surprise me! Hyllus But now, I hear, he has escaped that labor. Deianeira Where is he living then . or is he dead? Hyllus They say that he is warring ‐ or soon will ‐ against Euboea, Eurytusʹs city. Deianeira Are you aware, my child, that he left with me sure oracles about that very land? Hyllus What are they, mother? I know nothing of them. Deianeira Either his days will reach their end, or else, 80 when he has done this labor, he will live all his remaining life in peace and calm. Child, when his fate is hanging in the balance, will you not help him? Our own safety lies in his; for if he dies we perish with him. Hyllus I will go, mother; and if I had known these prophecies I would have left much sooner. My fatherʹs usual fortunes gave no cause to fear for him or be too deeply troubled; 90 but now I understand, and I will not cease till I learn the whole truth in these matters. Deianeira Go then, my son! The man who brings good news, however late, will surely be rewarded. [Hyllus leaves. The Chorus enter.] [Parodos] [Strophe A ] Chorus Thou whom the night brings forth, when shorn of splendor, and lays to rest again in a burst of fire ‐ tell me, O Sun, I pray thee, where, oh where is Alcménaʹs son residing? Thou who searest with flaming bolts of light, 100 is he at sea or safe on the mainland shore? Tell me, thou crowning eye of all the heaven. [Antistrophe A] She who was fought for once by mighty warriors, Deianeira, is wasting with desire; and, like the mournful nightingale, she cannot cease her tearful yearnings ever, but thinks with fear on her husbandʹs distant journey, 110 racked on her widowed couch of torment, only waiting to see her direst dreams fulfilled. [Strophe B] Just as the tireless winds from the south and north scatter the waves before them on the wide sea: so does the son of Cadmusʹs life of travail whirl him round and exalt him again, wild as the Cretan sea; yet always some god unerringly 120 holds him back from the house of Hades. [Antistrophe B] I will reproach you with respect, but sternly: you must not waste your life away in sorrow hopelessly. Never has Zeus, the king of all things, granted to mortals life without pain; but grief and happiness come to every man in his turn, 130 like the circling paths of the Bear. [Epode] The gleaming splendor of the night will not remain with men, nor yet will grief, nor wealth: all pass away at once, and soon another man encounters joy and sorrow. My Queen, I ask you ever to remember that this is so; for when has any man 140 known Zeus to be so careless of his children? Deianeira Your words show clearly that my suffering is known to you. Oh, may you never learn the heartfelt anguish you are innocent of! Like you, the young plant grows in sheltered regions all by itself, and no fierce summer heat nor any storm nor any wind prevents it from living peacefully a life of pleasure till she who was a girl becomes a woman and learns her share of troubles in the night, 150 fearful for her loved husband and her children. By looking on her own plight, such a one might understand the cares which burden me. I have wept often for my many sorrows, but now one greater than before assails me; for when lord Heracles set forth from home upon his latest undertaking, he left tablets here behind, inscribed with words which he had never deigned to tell me of in all the previous labors he endured ‐ 160 so great was his belief that he would triumph. But this time, like a dying man, he told me what my inheritance would be, and how the children should divide their fatherʹs land. He set a time, and said that when a year and three months had gone by since his departure, then it was fated either that he die, or else, if he survived, that he should live his life thereafter free of grief and pain. This was the fate he said the gods had destined 170 to end the many toils of Heracles: this was the prophecy the ancient oak tree spoke through Dodonaʹs two divining doves. And now the moment when the oracle ordained these things to happen has arrived; and I have started forth from my sweet slumber trembling with fear, my friends, to think that I might live without this noblest of all men. Chorus Be silent now: I see a man approaching whose crown of laurel signifies good tidings. [Enter an old man of Trachis, acting as a Messenger] Messenger 180 Queen Deianeira, I shall be the first to free you from your fears; for I can tell you Alcménaʹs son is living and has triumphed to bring home to our gods the spoils of battle.
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