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AFGHANISTAN Flee Their Homes Because of Conflict and Drought

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AFGHANISTAN Flee Their Homes Because of Conflict and Drought AFG of the country. Thousands of Afghans were forced to AFGHANISTAN flee their homes because of conflict and drought. The NATO-led International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) widened its area of operation to the south AFGHANISTAN of Afghanistan, focusing on stabilization and security. Head of state and government: Hamid Karzai The US-led Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) Death penalty: retentionist continued to carry out operations purportedly to International Criminal Court: ratified counter terrorism. Human rights bodies and the UN expressed grave concern at the conduct of Afghan and international The government and its international partners were forces. The UN in Afghanistan routinely condemned the unable to ensure security and a climate of political killing of civilians by the Taleban and repeatedly called uncertainty grew in the course of the year. Armed on the Afghan and US authorities to ensure the safety of conflict, marked by aerial bombardments and suicide civilians while battling the insurgents. bombings, escalated in southern parts of the country. US forces continued to deny detainees at Bagram At least 1,000 civilians were killed. Poor governance, some of their basic rights. Although there appeared to be the power of regional commanders and the impact of fewer allegations of gross abuses, lack of information narcotics undermined the rule of law and human about detainees and denial of access to families were rights. Government security bodies committed human continuing concerns. ISAF handed detainees into the rights violations with impunity. There was little reform custody of Afghan authorities; there was insufficient of judicial, law enforcement and security agencies. monitoring of how these detainees were subsequently Women continued to face violence. Human rights treated. Aerial bombardments during OEF and ISAF defenders, including women, were targeted and killed. operations were, on occasion, disproportionate. It became increasingly dangerous to speak out against In July the UN Secretary-General’s Special human rights abuses and for justice. Representative to Afghanistan expressed concern about the deteriorating security situation in the south Background and called for more development work as well as In February, the Afghanistan Compact was adopted further military and diplomatic intervention to curb the outlining reforms and priorities for the next five years. growing violence. Through the Compact, the Afghan government and its b During a joint military operation on 21 and 22 May international partners agreed new financial and by the government and OEF forces in Panjwayi, institutional support and oversight mechanisms. Key Kandahar, 16 civilians, including children and the areas of the Afghanistan Compact are security, elderly, were reportedly killed in Azizi village. governance, rule of law and human rights, as well as b Tensions over the presence of international troops economic and social development. were shown by violent protests after a fatal traffic Lack of good governance and the rule of law accident in Kabul involving a US military vehicle on contributed to the climate of impunity. Government 29 May. In ensuing riots, at least eight people were officials and local power-holders were not held killed and 100 injured. Shops were looted and police accountable for their actions and there was little or no vehicles, government buildings in the city and offices access to justice. belonging to international non-governmental Escalating conflict caused widespread social unrest. organizations (NGOs) were damaged. Violations of international humanitarian and human b In July, areas near to Tarin Kowt, Uruzgan, were rights law were committed with impunity by all parties bombed by US-led coalition forces, reportedly resulting to the conflict, including international and Afghan in the death of at least 60 civilians. According to the security forces and the Taleban. Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission in Human rights defenders, many of them women, Kandahar, at least 22 civilians were killed in two faced harassment, intimidation and in at least one case separate houses in Ghachi Zari. President Karzai murder, as they sought to protect human rights. It ordered an inquiry into the bombing in Uruzgan. became more dangerous to speak out. Schools were b On 24 October, Zangawat village in the Panjwayi burned down and teachers were attacked and killed by district was bombed in an ISAF operation in which at those opposed to the government and the education of least 70 civilians were reportedly killed, including girls. children. Conflict, drought and floods in different parts of the b In late May, more than 3,000 villagers from country caused forced displacement throughout the Panjwayi and 200 from Zhari Dasht, Kandahar, were year, while neighbouring Iran and Pakistan sought to displaced following fighting between US and Afghan reduce the number of Afghan asylum-seekers. The forces and the Taleban. They reportedly fled to number of Afghans returning from these countries Kandahar. decreased. b Between July and October, it was estimated that approximately 15,000 people had been forcibly Conflict displaced by conflict, including hundreds displaced by The conflict in the south and east grew in intensity and aerial bombardments in Kandahar, Uruzgan and had a detrimental effect on governance in other parts Helmand provinces. Amnesty International Report 2007 47 AFG Resurgence of the Taleban b In January, a military court in Bagram found a US Benefiting from a climate of lawlessness, notably in military official guilty of mistreating detainees and the south, the Taleban enjoyed a significant sentenced him to four months’ detention. He was resurgence. Their forces were responsible for found to have punched detainees in the chest, arms breaches of international humanitarian law by and shoulders at a base in Uruzgan province in July undertaking indiscriminate and disproportionate 2005. acts of violence; by killing those not involved in Around 35 Afghans were released from US custody combat; and by ill-treating and torturing those over at Guantánamo Bay and returned to Afghanistan. whom they had effective control. For example, in the Refurbishment of Pol-e Charkhi high security prison context of quasi-judicial processes, at least 11 people continued in advance of the expected transfer in 2007 were killed. The true number may have been far of the remaining Afghan detainees at Guantánamo higher. Bay. b On 28 August, a suicide blast attributed to the Taleban in a market in Lashkar Gah, Helmand, killed 17 Rights of women and human rights defenders people, many of them civilians. The situation for human rights defenders deteriorated. b At least 19 individuals, including 13 civilians, were Members of the Afghanistan Independent Human killed and another 20 injured on 26 September when a Rights Commission and representatives of national suicide bomber attacked a security post near a mosque human rights organizations faced threats. in Lashkar Gah. Civilians had gathered outside the Legal reforms designed to protect women were not mosque to sign up for the Haj, or pilgrimage to Mecca. implemented and women continued to be detained for breaching social mores. There was a rise in cases of Weak government “honour” killings of women and self-immolation by The reach of the central government was restricted. women. Parallel systems of governance and dispute resolution b On 25 September, Safiye Amajan, head of the prevailed. Kandahar regional Department of Women’s Affairs Insecurity undermined the rule of law and created a (DoWA) was shot dead by gunmen on a motorcycle. climate of impunity. Governors in some provinces Individuals associated with Hezb-e Eslami were acted independently of central government and arrested in connection with her death. Other DoWA violated human rights with impunity. Despite the heads in other provinces also faced threats and appointment of Supreme Court judges and other high- intimidation. ranking officials, reform and rebuilding of the judicial sector remained sluggish. The Afghan security forces, Transitional justice particularly the police and representatives of the The government took a few steps to support the National Security Directorate (NSD), were accused of Transitional Justice Action Plan, adopted in late 2005. illegal detentions and torture and other ill-treatment. A mechanism for vetting political appointments was The legal status of international forces appeared to established, and in December the President officially put them beyond the reach of Afghan law, and their launched the action plan. However, efforts failed to failure to provide effective redress for violations bring to justice those accused of human rights undermined the rule of law. violations. Corruption and involvement in the drugs trade further b Asadullah Sarwari, a former government minister undermined the delivery of justice by the government. and former head of the intelligence service, was Private jails continued to be administered by regional sentenced to death on 23 February for war crimes commanders. In November, the Attorney-General committed between 1978 and 1992, under communist declared a “jihad” (holy war) against corruption. rule. His trial was grossly unfair. For most of his 13 years In early March, government officials, backed by in custody Asadullah Sarwari did not have access to a international forces, brought to a close a prison lawyer. uprising in which at least five people died. Detainees associated with
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