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Status Review and Conservation Strategy (2014) Banfield, L. M. and al Qahtani, H. M. D. 2014. Arabian Sand Cat Felis margarita harrisoni Status Review and Conservation Strategy. Report: 1-32. Abu Dhabi, Al Ain Zoo. Keywords: 5AE/5IQ/5JO/5KW/5OM/5QA/5SA/5SY/5YD/behaviour/biology/conservation/diet/distribution/ecol ogy/Felis margarita/Felis margarita harrisoni/habitat/sand cat/status/taxonomy/threat Abstract: The sand cat Felis margarita is one of the least-well known of all cat species. It has a wide but patchy distribution in North Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, Iran, Central Asia and Pakistan. Presence has been confirmed from only a few locations and no reliable estimates of population size or trend are available. Many aspects of their basic biology and ecology are also poorly known. The sand cat is currently classified as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List. Four subspecies have been described but the validity of these forms has not been confirmed genetically. Sand cats in Arabia are usually assigned to F.m. harrisoni. Regional red listing classified the Arabian sand cat as Near Threatened but it is listed as Endangered in the United Arab Emirates and Abu Dhabi red lists. Sand cats are kept in many zoos and collections mainly in the USA, Europe and the Middle East. The largest captive group is held at Al Ain Zoo, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Arabian Sand Cat Felis margarita harrisoni Status Review & Conservation Strategy Arabian Sand Cat Felis margarita harrisoni Status Review and Conservation Strategy Compiled following the Arabian Sand Cat One Plan Conservation Workshop hosted by Al Ain Zoo, Al Ain, 13-14 November 2013. Copyright © 2014 Al Ain Zoo Recommended citation: Banfield, L.M., al Qahtani, H. and Mallon, D. (2014). Arabian Sand Cat Felis margarita harrisoni Status Review and Conservation Strategy. Al Ain Zoo, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Cover photo: ©Xavier Eichaker Rear cover photo: ©Xavier Eichaker Reproduction of this publication for educational, conservation or other non-profit purposes is authorised without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for sale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holder. 02 Foreword Acknowledgements As part of its commitment to the conservation of arid land We express our sincere thanks to Director General of Al Ain biodiversity Al Ain Zoo is proud to present this Arabian Sand Cat Zoo HE Mr Ghanim Mubarak al Hajeri and Chief Education and Felis margarita harrisoni Status Review and Conservation Strategy. Conservation Officer Muna al Dhaheri for supporting the workshop. Many thanks are also due to Mark Craig, Director of Life Sciences The sand cat is listed as Near Threatened in Arabia and Endangered at Al Ain Zoo and his staff, in particular Lisa Banfield, Hessa al in the UAE and Abu Dhabi. However these assessments are based Qahtani, Hani Fouda, Shaikha al Muhairi, Fiona al Jaouni, Nouf on scarce scientific evidence and we have little information about al Balooshi and Mohamed al Hajeri who were responsible for the the Arabian sand cat in the wild. We lack basic understanding organisation, logistical arrangements and design. of many if not all aspects of biology, ecology, conservation status and threats. Equally, there is a lack of collaborative breeding Genetic analysis for Al Ain Zoo was carried out by Dr. Rob Ogden and sharing of information on husbandry, health and welfare and Dr. Helen Senn of the Wildgenes Laboratory, Royal Zoological among ex situ collections in the region. Society of Scotland. Al Ain Zoo has the largest sand cat population of any zoo in the Our gratitude is sent to Dr. Mohammad Mohammad (INHM), world and we view this as a great responsibility. We have therefore Moayyad Sher Shah (NWRC/SWA) and Digsa Kifla (NWRC/SWA), committed to a long-term One Plan programme which will link Peter Cunningham (KKWRC), Dr. Alexander Sliwa (KZ) and Myyas al both the in situ and ex situ research and conservation needed Qarqaz (AAZ) for sharing photographs, Pritpal Singh Soorae (EAD) for effective and efficient species conservation. for assisting with the provision of location data, the Environment Agency Abu Dhabi for sharing their data on sand cat records in In order to achieve our goals we will rely on the collaboration Abu Dhabi and Dr. Tim Wacher (ZSL) and Dr. Phillip Seddon (UO) for of our valued regional and international partners. In November sharing photographs and providing details of sand cat records. 2013 we brought together an initial group of partners from the UAE, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Oman, Jordan, Europe and the We thank Moayyad Sher Shah (NWRC/SWA) and Dr. Mohammed US and from both the in situ and ex situ communities to share Shobrak (TU) for sharing unpublished data from their extensive knowledge, experience, problems and ideas. This document field studies. contains the information shared and actions agreed during We thank Omar A’abed (RSCN), Dr. Tatiana Aponte (AAZ), Grégory the workshop as well as a comprehensive review of all available Breton (LPF), Dr. Stephen Chege (AAZ), Dr. Jacky Judas (EWS-WWF), information on the Arabian sand cat. Hayley Matthews (AWWP), Annabel Resueño (TSCK) and Moayyad We thank all the workshop delegates and look forward to working Sher Shah (NWRC/SWA) for commenting on the first draft of this with you and others to meet our vision of a thriving sand cat report. population living in the wild across the Arabian region. Finally we thank all the workshop participants and their host organizations for committing the time to attend the workshop, for sharing information and knowledge and for their active Thank you contributions to the workshop process and outputs. H.E. Ghanim Mubarak Al Hajeri, Director General of Al Ain Zoo 03 Contents 1. Introduction...................................................................................................................................5 ............................................ 2. Arabian Sand Cat Status Review................................................................................6 ................................................... 2.1. Introduction ..........................................................................................................6 .............................................................. 2.2. Taxonomy .............................................................................................................................................6 ................................ 2.3. Description ................................................................................................................................6 .......................................... 2.4. Biology and Ecology ...............................................................................................6 ......................................................... 2.4.1. Adaptations to an Arid Environment ................................................................6 ............................................. 2.4.2. Habitat .....................................................................................................7...................................................................... 2.4.3. Range Size and Density ..................................................................................................8 ....................................... 2.4.4. Diet......................................................................................................................................................9 ............................. 2.4.5. Predation ........................................................................................................9 .............................................................. 2.4.6. Behaviour .............................................................................................................9 ........................................................ 2.4.7. Life Cycle1 .........................................................................................................10 ........................................................... 2.5. Field Signs and Studies .................................................................................................................10 ................................ 2.6. Distribution ....................................................................................................11..................................................................... 2.6.1. Global .........................................................................................................................................11 ................................... 2.6.2. The Arabian Peninsula ..............................................................................................11 ............................................. 2.7. Conservation Status ...........................................................................................................16 ............................................ 2.8. Threats ......................................................................................................................................................16 ............................ 3. Arabian Sand Cat One Plan Conservation ........................................................... Workshop Report ...............................................................................................17.....................................................................
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