APPENDIX A
Educating to Truth, Beauty, and Goodness20
The world, in all its diversity, is eager to be guided towards the great values of mankind, truth, good and beauty; now more than ever…Teaching means to accompany young people in their search for truth and beauty, for what is right and good. Educating Today and Tomorrow: A Renewing Passion, 201421 We want our students to maximize their human potential and to both be good and do good in authentic freedom. In order to do this, our students need to be able to know how to wisely and fully apprehend and interrogate all aspects of reality from a solid Christian intellectual tradition. This intellectual tradition involves not just teaching facts and skills, but is also essentially focused on seeking to know the value and nature of things and in appreciating the value of knowledge for its own sake. One method of assisting students to keep focus on these aspects of Catholic intellectual inquiry is to use the lenses of truth, goodness, and beauty to evaluate a subject under consideration. These three elements are often understood as being among the transcendentals. Transcendentals are the timeless and universal attributes of being.22 They are the properties of all beings. They reflect the divine origin of all things and the unity of all truth and reality in God. These elements are among the deepest realities. They help unite men across time and culture and are often a delight to explore and discuss, because they are substantive to our very nature. The transcendentals of truth, beauty, and goodness are closely intertwined. Dubay (1999) observed that, “Truth, goodness, and beauty have their being together. By truth we are put in touch with reality, which we find is good for us and beautiful to behold. In our knowing, loving, and delighting the gift of reality appears to us as ‘something infinitely and inexhaustibly valuable and fascinating.’”23 In seeking to discuss one, the others are naturally and organically brought into the conversation. The following simple definitions and essential questions are provided as a general framework to help facilitate a discussion on any topic in any subject. The goal is not to generate easy questions for easy answers, but to generate foundational questions for deep inquiry into the value and nature of things, to instill a sense of the intrinsic value of knowledge, and to elicit a sense of wonder. Beauty Beauty can help evoke wonder and delight, which are foundations of a life of wisdom and inquiry.24 Beauty involves apprehending unity, harmony, proportion, wholeness, and radiance.25 It often manifests itself in simplicity and purity, especially in math and science.26 Often beauty
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has a type of pre-rational (striking) force upon the soul, for instance when one witnesses a spectacular sunset or the face of one’s beloved. Beauty can be understood as a type of inner radiance or shine coming from a thing that is well-ordered to its state of being or is true to its nature or form.27 Beauty pleases not only the eye or ear, but also the intellect in a celebration of the integrity of our body and soul. It can be seen as a sign of God’s goodness, benevolence and graciousness, of both His presence and His transcendence in the world.28 It can serve as re-enchantment with the cosmos and all reality29 and assist in moving our students to a rich and deep contemplative beholding of the real.30 Some essential questions related to beauty: ♦♦ Is “X” beautiful? How so? Why not? ♦♦ Which of these (i.e., poems, experiments, proofs, theories, people, functions, concepts) is more beautiful and why? Why might others have thought this beautiful? ♦♦ How does this person/thing attract? Is this person using their God-given gifts to attract in a way that pleases God and draws others closer to God? What can happen when beauty is not used for the glory of God? ♦♦ What is delightful, wondrous about this person/thing? ♦♦ How does this shine? Radiate? ♦♦ How is faithfulness to form or nature powerfully evident here? ♦♦ What does this reveal about the nature of what is seen? ♦♦ Where is there unity and wholeness here? ♦♦ Where is there proportion and harmony here? ♦♦ How does this reveal God’s graciousness, presence, and transcendence? ♦♦ What does my response to this reveal about me? ♦♦ Is this also Good? Is this also True? Goodness When we explore issues of goodness with our students, we are fundamentally asking them to consider questions of how well someone or something fulfills its purpose. Goodness is understood as the perfection of being. A thing is good to the degree that it enacts and perfects those powers, activities, and capacities appropriate to its nature and purpose. A good pair of scissors cuts, a good eye has 20/20 vision, and so forth. We have to know a thing’s purpose, nature, or form to engage in an authentic discussion of “The Good.” When we get to questions
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of what is a good law, a good government, a good father, or a good man, the discussion quickly grows richer, deeper, and more complex. As Catholic educators, our goal is to help our students to become good persons. Among those qualities we deem good are wisdom, faithfulness, and virtue. Virtue is a habitual and firm disposition to do the good.31 We are free to the extent that with the help of others, we have maximized these goods, these proper powers and perfections as man.32 Such efforts raise fundamental questions of what it means to be human and our relationships with each other, the created world, and God. God, through reason and revelation, has not left us blind on these issues, nor has He left us up to our own subjective devices. It is a fundamental responsibility of the Catholic school to teach and pass on this Catholic culture, this Catholic worldview, this cultural patrimony, these insights, and these very fundamental truths about the good and what constitutes the good life.33 Particularly, in this and all our efforts as Catholic educators, we build our foundation of the good on Jesus Christ, who is the perfect man, and who fully reveals man to himself.34 Some essential questions related to goodness: ♦♦ What is this thing’s purpose/end? What do we know from our senses and reason? From nature and natural law? What do we know from revelation? ♦♦ What is this thing’s nature? What do we know from our senses and reason? From nature and natural law? What do we know from revelation? ♦♦ What perfections are proper to this thing in light of its purpose? ♦♦ To what degree does the particular instance we are considering possess or lack these perfections? ♦♦ What, if anything, would make this better? ♦♦ What would make this worse? ♦♦ How well does this work? Is “X” a good “Y”? What makes “X” a good “Y”? (e.g., Is Odysseus a good husband? Is the liver we are diagnosing a good liver? Is the theory of relativity a good theory? Is Picasso a good artist?) ♦♦ How does this measure up in terms of a Catholic worldview and values? ♦♦ How does this measure up in terms of Catholic morality and virtue? ♦♦ How does this measure up to God’s plan or expectations of it as revealed in Christ? ♦♦ Is this also beautiful? Is this also true? Truth A simple definition for truth is the mind being in accord with reality.35 We seek always to place our students and ourselves in proper relationship with the truth. Nothing we do can ever be opposed to the truth, that is, opposed to reality which has its being in God. Catholics hold that
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when our senses are in good condition and functioning properly under normal circumstances, and when our reason is functioning honestly and clearly, we can come to know reality and have the ability to make true judgments about reality. Through study, reflection, experimentation, argument and discussion, we believe that an object under discussion may manifest itself in its various relations, either directly or indirectly, to the mind.36 We believe that Man tends by nature toward the truth. Even though due to our fallen nature we may sometimes seek to ignore or obfuscate the truth, we are nonetheless obliged to honor and bear witness to it in its fullness. We are bound to adhere to the truth once we come to know it and direct our whole life in accordance with the demands of truth.37 As Catholics, we believe that reason, revelation, and science will never be in ultimate conflict, as the same God created them all.38 We oppose scientism which without evidence makes the metaphysical claim that only what can be measured and subject to physical science can be true. We oppose relativism, not only because its central dictum “there is no truth” is self-contradicting, but also because in removing objective truths from any analysis, this also removes the possibility of gauging human progress, destroys the basis for human dignity, and disables the ability to make important moral distinctions such as the desirability of tolerance 39 and wisdom of pursuing truth, beauty, and goodness as opposed to their opposites of error, ugliness, and sin. Some essential questions related to truth: ♦♦ Is it true? ♦♦ Is our mind/concept in accord with reality? ♦♦ Are we looking at this clearly and with our senses and reason properly attuned? ♦♦ Is the thinking rational and logical? ♦♦ Is the information and reasoning clear and precise? ♦♦ Is the approach fair and balanced? ♦♦ How does this square with what we know from revelation? If there is a disconnect, where further shall we explore? ♦♦ On what intellectual, moral, or intuitive principle are we basing this? ♦♦ Can the knowledge or situation under consideration be integrated with or expanded by the knowledge from another academic discipline? ♦♦ Now that we know this particular truth about a thing, what other questions does that raise? What more do we want to know? ♦♦ Is this also beautiful? Is this also good?
28 APPENDIX B
Assessing Non-Cognitive Standards
In the Catholic school’s educational project there is no separation between time for learning and time for formation, between acquiring notions and growing in wisdom. The various school subjects do not present only knowledge to be attained, but also values to be acquired and truths to be discovered. The Catholic School on the Threshold of the Third Millennium,1997, #14 The virtues, values, truths, and wisdom, which are never separated from instruction in Catholic schools, must not be forgotten or minimized because they are not easily measurable. Our efforts at complete human formation often find us situated into matters of the heart and spirit which do not easily lend themselves to traditional quantitative assessment.40 We need not worry about this or apologize for it. We must also avoid the common trap of assuming that only that which can be quantifiably assessed should be taught or only that which is quantifiable is assessable.As Catholic educators, we know many of life’s most important things are invisible to the eye and do not lend themselves to the scientist’s tools of measurement. This does not prevent us from teaching the things that matter most. Values, beliefs, attitudes, interpersonal skills, and virtues have always been taught, for the most part implicitly, in Catholic schools. It is important to be explicit about all that is implicit in our instructional efforts and their nature so that we do not lose touch with them or allow them to be sidelined by a culture of constant assessment. We must plan for the un-planned and never hesitate to grab a teachable moment, even though it deviates from a lesson plan or state standard. Formal lesson plans with objectives stating “Students will internalize aspects of our Catholic cultural heritage” or “Students will value the sacraments as outward signs of God’s inner grace” are not typically required or appropriate. These affective41 dispositions are, for the most part, taught by the example given by others (especially as modeled by the teacher) or developed through classroom discussions and firsthand interactions with materials, problems, and experiences. Growth in such areas is more often “caught than taught,” and rather than planning for them in discreet experiences, the Catholic teacher must be constantly aware of them so as to integrate them naturally whenever possible and without immediate concern for concrete assessment. This area of highly personal affective behaviors, attitudes, and beliefs touches close to the heart of the individual, and because of this schools have traditionally shied away from placing numerical values on whether students do or do not possess particular affective qualities. While we are seeing more attempts at this type of measurement in public schools, sometimes measurement of these beliefs, values, and attitudes is not absolutely necessary. Sometimes framing the dispositions as an objective for the classroom teacher so as to provide focus and direction is all that is required. Sometimes it is appropriate to assess the group as a whole,
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either through observation or an anonymous class survey, in an effort to determine progress on developing dispositions such as: do students “realize a deep sense of wonder and delight about the natural universe,” or do students “recognize and value how literature assists them in interpreting and evaluating all things in a truly Christian spirit”? Three Methods for Assessing Non-Cognitive Dispositions When contemplating an assessment, one should always ask: “What is the purpose, use, and measure of this assessment?” “Why is this assessment necessary?” “How will this assessment be used?” and “Is this a proper measure for this type of standard?” These types of questions are always necessary for any assessment, but especially assessments where students’ values and beliefs are the center of attention. When focusing on whether a student possesses a certain attitude, belief, or value, we are entering into an area that is highly personal and might change from day to day. While assessing cognition seems slightly removed from the center of the person, assessing beliefs and values cuts to the heart. It is almost like assessing love. “How much do you love me?” would be the assessment question, but isn’t love in-and-of-itself worthy without measure? While caution needs to be used when seeking to align assessment to non-cognitive dispositions, it is still possible to design assessments for some of the non-cognitive standards using three primary methods: teacher observations, student-teacher interviews, and student self-reports. Because of the nature of assessing a disposition, it is advisable to use multiple measures to gain a fuller insight into a student’s behaviors and beliefs rather than through the use of only one assessment. Gathering information through the use of multiple types of assessments will result in a better understanding of what the student actually believes and, perhaps, why he or she believes it. Taking multiple measures over a longer period of time can also improve the reliability of the measure and help to confirm or disconfirm the student’s beliefs, values, and attitudes. Non-cognitive dispositions can be assessed daily through interaction, such as brief or concentrated discussions with and between students, casual teacher observations of student traits or behaviors, or as articulated statements of belief made by the student during classroom exercises. These observations can be gathered informally through an anecdotal running record. Teachers might also record more formal notations of student beliefs, values, and attitudes through the development of a more structured rating scale. Either approach relies upon a solid understanding of the disposition in question. When targeting a specific affective disposition for formal assessment, teachers first need to think deeply about the quality and characteristics evident for that disposition. Working with other teachers to compile a list of both positive and negative behaviors is the first step toward developing a continuum for observation. With this complete, a scale or frequency checklist can be created to provide reliability and guidance when observing students. For example, a teacher might like to note the developing disposition of how well her students “exhibit a primacy of care and concern for each human person at all stages of life and as images and likenesses of God.” The teacher would first think about what qualities and characteristics are evident in a student who “exhibits a primacy of care and concern for each human person…” and begin to list these characteristics. Consultation with other educational experts about these
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characteristics helps validate the behaviors or lack thereof. The teacher would next create either a rating scale or frequency checklist as illustrated below using the behaviors as the criteria of measurement. Rating Scale
Behavior Never Rarely Sometimes Most of the Time Almost Always Helps others in need without being asked. Looks for ways of making life easier for others.
Frequency Checklist
Number of events Behavior Helps others in need without being asked. Looks for ways of making life easier for others. Most Catholic schoolteachers are familiar with the National Catholic Educational Association’s ACRE exam,42 the Assessment of Children/Youth Religious Education given to students in 5th, 8-9th, and 11-12th grades annually. This exam assesses students’ knowledge as well as beliefs, attitudes, practices, and perceptions about the Catholic faith. This assessment is an example of using a student questionnaire or survey to uncover developing dispositions of faith and is similar to what can be designed to address dispositions in other content areas. Unfortunately, students might not feel comfortable completing these assessments as accurately and honestly as they could if anonymity is not available. Again, this is where multiple measures of assessment are necessary to confirm a developing disposition. While it is possible to create assessments of dispositions for individual students, it is recommended that whole class assessment be made through teacher observation and that these types of assessments not be used for grading purposes. Assessments of this nature are best used as formative assessments to aid the classroom teacher in a more focused and integral formation of the student in all content areas.
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APPENDIX C
English Language Arts Resources
Recommended Reading List for Catholic Schools in the United States Catholic school students in the United States should be familiar with most of these core works and authors. The recommendations on this list are minimal by design so as to make it possible to introduce students to the “great conversation” of both Western and Catholic culture. These works provide for basic cultural literacy and offer examples of excellent writing and storytelling. Schools will no doubt add significant additional texts to their curricula drawn from the hundreds of excellent works not on this short list. Grades K-4 Recommended Literature Critical Bible Stories Mother Goose Nursery Rhymes Aesop’s Fables Adapted Greek and Roman myths Selected fairy tales from Grimm Selected fairy tales from Hans Christian Andersen Folk tales Other stories that reflect classical Western archetypes, teach morality, and/or emphasize fantasy and creativity Extensive age-appropriate poetry Grades 5-8 Recommended Literature A Christmas Carol (Dickens) A Wrinkle in Time (L’Engle) Adam of the Road (Gray) Amos Fortune, Free Man (Yates) Anne of Green Gables (Montgomery) Around the World in Eighty Days (Verne)
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Beowulf: A New Telling (Nye) Black Ships Before Troy: The Story of the Iliad (Lee) Charlotte’s Web (White) Cyrano de Bergerac (Rostand) Death Comes for the Archbishop (Cather) Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (Stevenson) I, Juan de Pareja (de Trevino) If All the Swords in England (Willard) Johnny Tremain (Forbes) Journey to the Center of the Earth (Verne) King Arthur and His Knights (Green) Legend of Sleepy Hollow (Irving) Little House in the Big Woods (Wilder) Little Women (Alcott) My Antonia (Cather) My Side of the Mountain (George) Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass (Douglass) Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea (Verne) Our Town (Wilder) Roll of Thunder Hear My Cry (Taylor) Sarah Plain and Tall (Wilder) Swallows and Amazons (Ransome) The Adventures of Robin Hood (Green) The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes (Doyle) The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (Twain) The Bronze Bow (Speare) The Call of the Wild (London) The Chronicles of Narnia (Lewis)
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The Crucible (Miller) The Hobbit (Tolkien) The Innocence of Father Brown [or others] (Chesterton) The Jungle Book (Kipling) The Lord of the Rings (Tolkien) The Pearl (Steinbeck) The Railway Children (Nesbit) The Red Badge of Courage (Crane) The Red Keep (French) The Song at the Scaffold (Von le Fort) The Story of Rolf and the Viking Bow (French) The Swiss Family Robinson (Wyss) The Trumpeter of Krakow (Kelly) The Wanderings of Odysseus: The Story of the Odyssey (Lee) The Witch of Blackbird Pond (Speare) The Yearling (Rawlings) Treasure Island (Stevenson) Uncle Tom’s Cabin (Stowe) Wind in the Willows (Grahame) Grades 9-12 Recommended Historical Documents (original or in translation) Apology, Dialogues, Republic [excerpts] (Plato) Democracy in America [selections] (de Tocqueville) Funeral Oration (Pericles) Gettysburg Address (Lincoln) Harvard Commencement Address and/or Nobel Lecture (Solzhenitsyn) Histories [selections] (Herodotus) I Have a Dream (King) Magna Carta
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Poetics, Ethics [excerpts] (Aristotle) Rights of Man (Paine) “Self-Reliance” (Emerson) Slave narratives (Douglass, Jacobs) The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin (Franklin) The Communist Manifesto (Marx) The Federalist [selections] (Hamilton, et. al) The Prince (Machiavelli) The Rule of St. Benedict (Benedict of Nursia) The Social Contract (Rousseau) Treatise on Law and excerpts from other works (Aquinas) United States Constitution United States Declaration of Independence Grades 9-12 Recommended Literary Works A Man for All Seasons (Bolt) A Tale of Two Cities, David Copperfield, Great Expectations (Dickens) Aeneid [excerpts] (Virgil) Andromache or Medea (Euripides) Animal Farm and/or 1984 (Orwell) Antigone, Oedipus the King, Oedipus at Colonus (Sophocles) Beowulf (trans. Tolkien) Billy Budd, Bartleby the Scrivener, and other short stories (Melville) Brideshead Revisited (Waugh) Brothers Karamazov or Crime and Punishment (Dostoyevsky) Canterbury Tales [excerpts] (Chaucer) Doctor Faustus (Marlow) Frankenstein (Shelley) Hamlet, Macbeth, and if possible King Lear and others (Shakespeare)
36 Catholic Curriculum Standards
Huckleberry Finn (Twain) Jane Eyre (Bronte) Le Morte D’Arthur (Malory) Metamorphoses [excerpts] (Ovid) One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich or The Gulag Archipelago [abridged] (Solzhenitsyn) Oresteia (Aeschylus) Paradise Lost [excerpts] (Milton) Pride and Prejudice (Austen) Short stories (Poe) Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (anonymous) The Betrothed (Manzoni) The Divine Comedy [excerpts] (Dante) The Epic of Gilgamesh (anonymous) The Great Gatsby (Fitzgerald) The Heart of Darkness (Conrad) The Iliad [excerpts] (Homer) The Man Who Was Thursday (Chesterton) The Odyssey [excerpts or full] (Homer) The Scarlet Letter (Hawthorne) The Song of Roland (anonymous) Recommended Catholic authors: Georges Bernanos, G.K. Chesterton, Shusaku Endo, Graham Greene, Victor Hugo, Flannery O’Connor, Walker Percy, Sigrid Undset, Evelyn Waugh Recommended poets: Matthew Arnold, W. H. Auden, Hilaire Belloc, William Blake, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Robert Browning, Lord Byron, G.K. Chesterton, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Richard Crashaw, Emily Dickinson, John Donne, T.S. Eliot, Robert Frost, George Herbert, Gerard Manley Hopkins, A. E. Housman, John Keats, Joyce Kilmer, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Andrew Marvell, Alexander Pope, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Siegfried Sassoon, William Shakespeare, Percy Shelley, Robert Southwell, Edmund Spenser, Alfred Lord Tennyson, Dylan Thomas, Francis Thompson, William Wordsworth, William Butler Yeats
37 The Cardinal Newman Society Recommended Spiritual Classics Bible Catechism of the Catholic Church Confessions [excerpts] (St. Augustine of Hippo) Desert Fathers [excerpts] Documents of Vatican II [selections] Humanae Vitae Introduction to the Devout Life [excerpts] (St. Francis de Sales) Mere Christianity, Screwtape Letters, or The Abolition of Man (Lewis) Summa Theologica [excerpts] (St. Thomas Aquinas) The Imitation of Christ [excerpts] (Thomas a Kempis) The Story of a Soul (St. Therese of Liseux) Veritatis Splendor Best Practice Suggestions for English Language Arts in Catholic Schools, Grades K-6 ♦♦ Choose a majority of readings from the Good Books List found in the appendix of The Death of Christian Culture (see Senior, J. in English Language Arts K-6 Resources) or recommended classics. ♦♦ Avoid an overemphasis on informational texts. Great books engage higher order thinking skills and enhance student personal development, creativity, and engagement. ♦♦ Especially with younger children, beware of stories of darkness, despair, or the occult or that confuse archetypes. Beware of stories that pursue a cultural agenda at odds with a Catholic understanding of human dignity, marriage, or sexuality. ♦♦ Use multiple literary approaches beyond “close reading,” such as moral analysis, to examine a text. Do more with the text than clinically dissect and disaggregate it. Link it with life, context, and transcendent meaning. ♦♦ Move into authentic “chapter books” and grade level adaptations of classics when possible. Avoid anthologies and readers. Tailor questions and assignments to the real-world experiences and natural questions of the readers in the class. ♦♦ Situate the study of literature within an interdisciplinary approach so that the theology, history, philosophy, beliefs, and practices of the time develop the “story” and inform the discussion of historical events.
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♦♦ Develop a separate grammar course that begins to focus students on the structure of English writing and speaking in the 4th grade. ♦♦ Include the study of a foreign language, taught in a systematic (not conversational) style to help with English grammar and logic of thinking. ♦♦ Integrate writing exercises and instruction with reading of sound literature written by expert craftsmen and women. Use imitation of author structure, tone, and craft to develop writing style. Best Practice Suggestions for English Language Arts in Catholic Schools, Grades 7-12 ♦♦ Introduce students to the great conversations of humanity—especially as those conversations are advanced in literary classics. Choose a majority of readings from the Great Books or recommended classics. Avoid simply selecting currently popular, scandalous, or titillating texts in the hopes of getting the students to read. Authentic engagement and lasting human and intellectual development can arise from authentic and impassioned study of the things that matter most from the greatest minds who have walked the earth. ♦♦ Read the greatest works by the greatest authors with an appropriate degree of humility and almost reverence, acknowledging that the great minds and artists have something to teach us, so as to grow in knowledge, understanding, and wisdom. ♦♦ Avoid an overemphasis on informational texts. Great Books better engage higher order thinking skills and enhance student personal development, creativity, and engagement. ♦♦ Whenever possible use a seminar format to discuss literature. Avoid canned materials, questions, or text units. ♦♦ Use multiple literary approaches beyond “close reading” to examine a text, such as moral analysis, or analyzing the text as an expression of the author’s philosophical and theological beliefs. Do more with the text than clinically dissect and disaggregate it. Link it with life, context, and transcendent meaning. ♦♦ Situate the study of literature within an interdisciplinary approach so that the theology, history, philosophy, beliefs, and practices of the time develop the “story” and inform the discussion of historical events. ♦♦ Writing is thinking. Exploring great literature on weighty transcendent topics invites rich opportunity for writing assignments: reflective, creative, and analytical. Take advantage of this opportunity. ♦♦ Good writing comes from good reading and good example. Use the beauty and skill evident in the works of the best writers to model and teach effective writing skills.
39 The Cardinal Newman Society English Language Arts Resources, Grades K-6 Donohue, D., & Guernsey, D. (2015). Disconnect between Common Core’s literary approach and Catholic education’s pursuit of truth. Retrieved from https://s3.amazonaws.com/ cardinalnewmansociety/wp-content/uploads/Disconnect-between-Common-Cores-Literary- Approach-and-Catholic-Educations-Pursuit-of-Truth.pdf Markey, S. (2014). The moral imagination: The heart and soul’s best guide achieving the goals of a Catholic education through the good, true, and beautiful in literature. Retrieved from http://www.spcatholic.org/uploads/mce/3bb18d9ab531def40a51e637a236689460f8d373/ The%20Moral%20Imagination.pdf McKenzie, J. (2007). Reading the Saints: Lists of Catholic books for children plus book collecting tips for the home and school library. Bessemer, MI: Biblio Resource Publications, Inc. This book categorizes by geographical location stories about saints. Senior, J. (2008). The death of Christian culture. Norfolk, VA: IHS Press. English Language Arts Resources, Grades 7-12 How to Teach a Socratic Seminar. National Paideia Center. See http://www.paideia.org/about- paideia/socratic-seminar/ Ignatius Press Critical Editions. Classical texts with curriculum suggestions, study guides, commentary and helpful resources. See http://www.ignatius.com /promotions/ ignatiuscriticaleditions/ Pearce, J. How to Read Shakespeare (or Anyone Else). See https://s3.amazonaws.com/ cardinalnewmansociety/wp-content/uploads/HowTo-Read-Joseph-Pearce.pdf Socratic Teaching: Stimulating Life-long Learning. See http://www.catholicliberaleducation.org/ beyond-the-test-newsletter/socratic-teaching-stimulating-life-long-learning English Language Arts K-12 Curriculum Stotsky, S. (2013). An English language arts curriculum framework for American public schools: A model. See http://alscw.org/news/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/2013_ELA_Curriculum_ Framework.pdf for an example of a solid secular English language arts curriculum.
40 APPENDIX D
History Resources
Best Practice Suggestions for History in Catholic Schools, Grades K-6 ♦♦ Use an interdisciplinary approach – History, Literature, Theology. ♦♦ Emphasize the sociological and cultural process and achievements, including moral values, over a series of disjointed events. ♦♦ Use historical fiction to complement and elaborate on the stories of history. ♦♦ Combine selections from historical texts discussing external developments surrounding Christendom with texts that study Christianity itself and its expressions of human thought, life, and institutions throughout the ages. ♦♦ Consider dividing history into four or six successive time periods based on distinctive movements of culture. For instance: Ancient History – 5000 BC to 400 AD; Medieval/Early Renaissance 400 AD – 1600 AD; Late Renaissance/ Early Modern 1600 AD – 1850 AD; Modern Times. Another option: 1. Patristic Christianity, from the first to the beginning of the fourth century; 2. Patristic Christianity, from the fourth to the sixth centuries; 3. The Formation of Western Christendom, from the sixth to the eleventh centuries; 4. Medieval Christendom, from the eleventh to the fifteenth centuries; 5. Divided Christendom, from the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries; 6. Secularized Christendom, from the eighteenth century to today. Best Practice Suggestions for History in Catholic Schools, Grades 7-12 ♦♦ Use an interdisciplinary approach – History, Literature, Theology. ♦♦ Whenever possible use primary texts (or translations) in historical inquiry. ♦♦ Whenever possible incorporate Socratic discussions into history. ♦♦ Emphasize the sociological and cultural process and achievements, including moral values, over a series of disjointed events. History – Resources Catholic Textbook Project: From sea to shining sea, All ye lands, Light to the nations Part I & II, Lands of hope and promise. (Teacher manuals and student workbooks).
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Massachusetts history and social science curriculum framework: August 2003. Recommended by Dr. Sandra Stotsky. Weidenkopf, S. (2009). Epic: A journey through Church history. Contains DVDs, CDs, Student Workbook, and Time-line.
42 APPENDIX E
Science Resources
Best Practice Suggestions for Science in Catholic Schools ♦♦ Present scientific concepts from a superordinate (whole view) perspective before breaking them down into subordinate concepts. This approach (whole to part) can manifest itself in the alignment of courses of study (general biology in younger grades to micro-biology in high school) to the organization and presentation of curricular materials (superordinate concepts first then parallel and underlying concepts). ♦♦ Incorporate nature notebooks for observation to facilitate opportunities of wonder and awe (K-6). ♦♦ Formation of set groups of teachers at workshops designed to address scientific issues of human and cosmic origin from philosophical and theological perspectives (i.e., religion and science teachers, religion and math teachers, and religion and literature teachers). These groupings are to facilitate dialogue and build an inter- disciplinary culture within the school. This will allow theology teachers to address scientific topics from a theological perspective as they are concurrently being taught in the science classroom. ♦♦ Avoid interjection of theological doctrine into scientific inquiry in older grades. Consider incorporating a course designed specifically for the discussion of topics of faith and reason. ♦♦ Supplement all science textbooks with biographies of Catholic scientists, such as Copernicus, Mendel, Bacon, St. Albert the Great, and so forth. ♦♦ Consider using an apologetic approach based on facts and evidence (7-12) (Magis Center materials). Science Resources Baglow, C. (2012). Faith, science, and reason: Theology on the cutting edge. Midwest Theological Forum, Woodridge: IL. Designed as a senior-level high school theology course to integrate faith and science. Contains twelve chapters with supplementary reading, study guide (vocabulary, study questions, and practical exercises) and endnotes. Beautiful artwork enhances the scientific content on the sleek pages of this textbook yet coffee table- styled volume.
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Sample from Christopher Baglow’s book: “What do we have to believe before we can hope to become scientists? We must believe that the world is in some sense good, so that it is worthy of careful study. We must believe that his order is open to the human mind, for otherwise there would be no point in trying to find it.We must believe that this order is not a necessary order that could be found out by pure thought like the truths of mathematics, but is rather a contingent or dependent order that can only be found by making experiments. …the development of science depends on moral convictions such as the obligation freely to share any knowledge that is gained.” (pp. 19-21) John Paul II. (June 1988). Letter to Rev. George Coyne, S.J. Director of the Vatican Observatory. Retrieved from http://w2.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/letters/1988/documents/hf_jp- ii_let_19880601_padre-coyne.html John Paul II. (October 22, 1996). Message to the Pontifical Academy of Sciences: On evolution. Retrieved from http://www.ewtn.com/library/papaldoc/jp961022.htm Laracy, J. (May-June 2010). Priestly contributions to modern science: The case of Monseignor Georges Lemaitre. Faith Magazine. Retrieved from http://www.faith.org.uk/article/may- june-2010-priestly-contributions-to-modern-sciencethe-case-of-monseignor-georges- lemaitre Magis Center. www.magiscenter.org Pius XII. (August, 1950). Humani Generis. Retrieved from http://w2.vatican.va/content/pius-xii/ en/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-xii_enc_12081950_humani-generis.html Spitzer, R. (2010). New proofs for the existence of God: Contributions of contemporary physics and philosophy. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. Grand Rapids, MI. Spitzer, R. (2015). The soul’s upward yearning. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. Grand Rapids, MI. Of particular interest might be Chapter 5 on the science behind the transcendent soul and Appendix One on a contemporary view of evidence for an Intelligent Creator. Spitzer, R. and LeBlanc, C. The reason series. Video series, student workbook and teacher resource manual. This series is designed for high school students (9-12) in either science or religion classes. It is designed with an apologetic approach in mind as recommended by the USCCB’s 2008 Doctrinal Elements of a Curriculum Framework for the Development of Catechetical Materials for Young People of High School Age, with an alignment to the Framework in the teacher’s manual. The series includes 5 sequential video modules progressing students through the questions of: Can science disprove God? Is there any evidence for a creator in the universe? Is the universe random and meaningless? Does the bible conflict with science? Does the bible conflict with evolution? Student objectives, summarized points, review questions, and quizzes are included for each chapter. Teacher manual has answers to quizzes, but not discussion questions. Spitzer, R. and Noggle, M. From Nothing to cosmos (2015). This interactive workbook links text content to online resources through both QR codes and web URLs. Topics include: What science can and cannot do, The Big Bang Theory and the modern universe, The
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Borde-Vilenkin-Guth proof for a beginning of ANY universe or multiverse, The evidence for a beginning from entropy, Evidence of supernatural design from fine-tuning of universal constants, A response to atheist’s objections (particularly, Richard Dawkins), A metaphysical proof of God, Evidence of a transphysical soul from near death experiences, Evidence of a transcendent soul from our five transcendental desires, andAtheism, the bible, science, and evolution and aliens. Chapter review and summary questions are included for each chapter.
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APPENDIX F
Mathematics Resources
Best Practice Suggestions for Mathematics in Catholic Schools, Grades K-6 ♦♦ Ensure developmental appropriate mathematics instruction in younger grades. Beware of mathematical programs that push abstract operations too quickly into younger minds. ♦♦ Ensure a positive approach to mathematical inquiry by maximizing student success and confidence in early mathematical experiences and incorporating opportunities for joy, wonder, and excitement in the study of mathematics. Best Practice Suggestions for Mathematics in Catholic Schools, Grades 7-12 ♦♦ Consider an interdisciplinary, liberal arts approach to mathematics, especially in high school. ♦♦ Professional development in philosophy, especially philosophers who have greatly impacted the Catholic western tradition. Abstractions of the Human Mind What one abstracts from reality is basic but fundamental, though what is constructed out of the abstraction is much more important in the study of mathematics. For example, one can take in at a glance a small number of apples, say 5 or 6, but not as many as 100 or 1,000. Mathematics teaches us how to construct these numbers in our mind from the simpler concepts immediately abstracted from reality. Mathematics Resources Ashley, B. The arts of learning and communication: A handbook of the liberal arts. http://www. amazon.com/Arts-Learning-Communication-Handbook-Liberal/dp/1606089315/ref=la_ B001HD41Q8_1_7?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1452700470&sr=1-7 Ashley, B. The way toward wisdom: An interdisciplinary and intercultural introduction to metaphysics. http://www.amazon.com/Way-toward-Wisdom-Interdisciplinary-Intercultural/ dp/0268020353/ref=la_B001HD41Q8_1_3?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1452700831
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APPENDIX G
Consultants and Contributors
Joseph Almeida, Ph.D. – Franciscan University of Steubenville: Chair of Department of Classics, Director of Great Books Honors Program, Director of Legal Studies Program, Professor of Classics and Legal Studies Dominic Aquila, D. Litt. et Phil. – University of St. Thomas, Tex.: Provost, Vice President for Academic Affairs Christopher Baglow, Ph.D. – Notre Dame Seminary: Director of Masters Program, Professor of Dogmatic Theology Anthony Esolen, Ph.D. – Providence College: Professor of English Joseph Pearce – Aquinas College, Tenn.: Director of the Aquinas Center for Faith and Culture, Writer in Residence; St. Austin Review: Editor; Ignatius Critical Editions: Series Editor; Catholic Courses: Executive Director Chad Pecknold, Ph.D. – Catholic University of America: Associate Professor of Systematic Theology Andrew Seeley, Ph.D. – Thomas Aquinas College: Tutor; The Institute for Catholic Liberal Education: Executive Director Fr. Robert Spitzer, S.J. –Magis Center: President; Gonzaga University: retired President Sandra Stotsky, Ph.D. – University of Arkansas: Professor Emerita Ryan Topping, D.Phil. – Thomas More College of Liberal Arts: Fellow Gregory Townsend, Ph.D. – Christendom College: Vice President of Academic Affairs, Associate Professor Mathematics and Natural Science Michael Van Hecke, M.Ed. – Catholic Textbook Project: President; The Institute for Catholic Liberal Education: President; St. Augustine Academy: Headmaster Susan Waldstein, S.T.D. – Ave Maria University: Adjunct Professor of Theology, Research Fellow at Stein Center for Social Research Christopher Zehnder, M.A.– Catholic Textbook Project: General Editor
49 The Cardinal Newman Society Reviewing Dioceses: Mark Salisbury, Superintendent, Diocese of Marquette, Michigan Michael Juhas, Superintendent, Diocese of Pensacola, Florida
50 References
Aristotle, & Ross, W. D. (1981). Aristotle’s metaphysic. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press. Aquinas, T. (1952). Questiones disputatae de veritate: Questions 1-9. Translated by Robert Mulligan, S.J., Henry Regnery Company. Aquinas, T. (1912). The summa theologica of St. Thomas Aquinas. London, England: Burns Oates & Washbourne. Baglow, C. (2012). Faith, science, and reason: Theology on the cutting edge. Woodridge, IL: Midwest Theological Forum. Beckwith, F., & Koukl, G. (1998). Relativism: Feet firmly planted in midair. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books. Caldecott, S. (2009). Beauty for truth’s sake: The re-enchantment of education. Grand Rapids, MI: Brazos Press. Catechetical Office of the Holy See (1935). Provido sane consilio. Retrieved from https://www. ewtn.com/library/CURIA/CATTEACH.HTM Catholic Church (1994). Catechism of the Catholic Church. Liguori, MO: Liguori Publications. Clayton, D. (2015). The way of beauty: Liturgy, education, and inspiration for family, school, and college. Kettering, OH: Angelico Press. Congregation for Catholic Education (2015). Educating today and tomorrow: A renewing passion. Retrieved from http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/ccatheduc/ documents/rc_con_ccatheduc_doc_20140407_educare-oggi-e-domani_en.html Congregation for Catholic Education (2013). Educating to intercultural dialogue in Catholic schools: Living in harmony for a civilization of love. Retrieved from http://www.vatican. va/roman_curia/congregations/ccatheduc/documents/rc_con_ccatheduc_doc_20131028_ dialogo-interculturale_en.html Congregation for Catholic Education (2007). Educating together in Catholic schools: A shared mission between consecrated persons and the lay faithful. Retrieved from http:// www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations /ccatheduc/documents/rc_con_ccatheduc _doc_20070908_educare-insieme_en.html Congregation for Catholic Education (1998). The religious dimension of education in a Catholic school. Retrieved from http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/ccatheduc/ documents/rc_con_ccatheduc_doc_19880407_catholic-school_en.html
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Congregation for Catholic Education (1997). The Catholic school on the threshold of the third millennium. Retrieved from http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/ccatheduc/ documents/rc_con_ccatheduc_ doc_27041998_school2000_ en.html Congregation for Catholic Education (1982). Lay Catholics in schools: Witnesses to faith. Retrieved from http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/ccatheduc/documents/ rc_con_ccatheduc_doc_19821015_lay-catholics_en.html Ditmanson, H., Hong, H., & Quanbeck, W. (Eds.) (1960). Christian faith and the liberal arts. Minneapolis, MN: Augsburg Publishing House. Dubay, T. (1999). The evidential power of beauty: Science and theology meet. San Francisco, CA: Ignatius Press. Esolen, A. (2013, November). Common core’s substandard writing standards. Crisis Magazine. Retrieved from http://www.crisismagazine.com/2013/common-cores-substandard-writing- standards Francis, Pope (2015). Laudato Si. Retrieved from http://w2.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/ encyclicals/ documents/papa-francesco _20150524_enciclica-laudato-si.html Halpin, P. (1909). Christian pedagogy or the instruction and moral training of youth. New York, NY: J.F. Wagner. Hancock, C. (2005). Recovering a Catholic philosophy of elementary education. Mount Pocono, PA: Newman House Press. Hardon, J. (1980). Modern Catholic dictionary. New York, NY: Image Books. Hart, D. (2003). The beauty of the infinite: The aesthetics of Christian truth. Cambridge, U.K.: Eerdmann’s Publishing. Hicks, D. (1999). Norms and nobility: A treatise on education. Lanham, MD: University Press of America. John Paul II (1998). Fides et ratio. Retrieved from http://w2.vatican.va/content /john-paul-ii/en/ encyclicals/documents/ hf_jp-ii_enc_14091998_fides-et-ratio.html John Paul II (1996). Message to the Pontifical Academy of Sciences: On evolution, 1996. Retrieved from https://www.ewtn.com/library/ PAPALDOC/JP961022.HTM John Paul II (1993). Veritatis splendor. Retrieved from http://w2.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/ en/encyclicals/documents/hf_jp-ii_enc_06081993_veritatis-splendor.html John Paul II (1988). Letter of His Holiness John Paul II to Reverend George V. Coyne, S.J. Director of the Vatican Observatory. Retrieved from https://w2.vatican.va /content/john- paul-ii/ en/letters/1988/ documents/hf_jp-ii_let_19880601_padre-coyne.html Jordan, E. (1934). Catholicism in education. New York, NY: Benzinger Brothers.
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Kirk, R. (1981). The moral imagination. Literature and Belief, 1, 37-49. Retrieved from http:// www.kirkcenter.org/ index.php/detail/the-moral-imagination/ Laracy, J. (2010, January). Priestly contributions to modern science: The case of Monseignor Georges Lemaitre. Retrieved from http://www.faith.org.uk/article/may-june-2010-priestly- contributions-to-modern-sciencethe-case-of-monseignor-georges-lemaitre Leo XIII (1985). Spectata fides. Retrieved from. http://w2.vatican.va/content/leo-xiii/en/ encyclicals/documents/hf_l xiii_enc_27111885_spectata-fides.html Mannoia, V.J. (2000). Christian liberal arts: An education that goes beyond. Oxford, England: Rowman and Littlefield Co. Moore, T. (2013). The story-killers: A common-sense case against the Common Core. Self- published. Newman, J. (1873). The idea of a university: Defined and illustrated. London, England: Pickering. O’Brien, M. (1998). A landscape with dragons. San Francisco, CA: Ignatius Press. Pieper, J. (1998). Leisure, the basis of culture. South Bend, IN: St. Augustine’s Press. Piderit, J. and Morey, M. (Eds.) (2012). Teaching the tradition: Catholic themes in academic disciplines. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Pius XI (1929). Divini illius magistri, Retrieved from http://w2.vatican.va/content/pius-xi/en/ encyclicals/documents/ hf_p- xi_enc_31121929_divini-illius-magistri.html Redden, J., & Ryan, F. (1942). A Catholic philosophy of education. Milwaukee, WI: The Bruce Publishing Company. Saward, J. (1997). The beauty of holiness and the holiness of beauty: Art sanctity and the truth of Catholicism. San Francisco, CA: Ignatius Press. Simmons, T. (2002). Climbing parnassus. Wilmington, DE: ISI Books. Spitzer, R. (2010). New proofs for the existence of God. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. Spitzer, R. (2011). Ten universal principles: A brief philosophy of the life issues. San Francisco, CA: Ignatius Press. Spitzer, R. (2015). The soul’s upward yearning. San Francisco, CA: Ignatius Press. Spitzer, R. & LeBlanc, C. (n.d.). The reason series: What science says about God. Garden Grove, CA: Magis Publications. Spitzer, R. & Noggle, M. (2015). From nothing to cosmos: The workbook+. Garden Grove, CA: Magis Publications.
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The Sacred Congregation for Catholic Schools (1997). The Catholic school. Retrieved from http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/ccatheduc/ documents/rc_con_ ccatheduc_doc_19770319_catholic-school_en.html Taylor, J. (1998). Poetic knowledge: The recovery of education. Albany, NY: The State University of New York Press. Topping, R. (2015). Renewing the mind: A reader in the philosophy of Catholic education. Washington, D.C.: The Catholic University Press. United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB) (n.d.). Seven themes of Catholic social teaching. Retrieved from http://www.usccb.org/beliefs-and-teachings/what-we-believe/ catholic-social-teaching/seven-themes-of-catholic-social-teaching.cfm United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB) (1972). To teach as Jesus did. Washington, D.C.: USCCB. Vatican II (1965). Gravissimum educationis: Declaration on Christian education. Retrieved from http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_ decl_19651028_gravissimum-educationis_en.html Vatican II (1965). Gaudium et spes: Pastoral constitution on the Church in the modern world. Retrieved from http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/ vat-ii_const_19651207_gaudium-et-spes_en.html
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Reference Tables for Standards
CATHOLIC CURRICULAR STANDARDS AND DISPOSITIONS IN ENGLISH/LANUGAGE ARTS K‐6 General Standards CS ELA.K6 GS1 The Catholic School, 37; O’Donnell, A. (2012). Poetry and Catholic themes. In J. Piderit & M. Morey (Eds.), Teaching the tradition. Catholic Themes in academic disciplines. (pp. 126). CS ELA.K6 GS2 The Religious Dimension of Education in a Catholic School, 57. CS ELA.K6 GS3 Senior, J. (1983). The restoration of Christian culture. In R. Topping (Ed.), Renewing the mind: A reader in the philosophy of Catholic education, (pp. 313, 320). CS ELA.K6 GS4 The Catholic School, 12. Intellectual Standards CS ELA.K6 IS1 Gaudium et Spes, 59. CS ELA.K6 IS2 O’Brien, M. p.41-42. See also Reed and Redden p.94 CS ELA.K6 IS3 O’Brien, M. p.41-42 CS ELA.K6 IS4 O’Brien, M. p. 41-42 CS ELA.K6 IS7 Moore, T. p. 50. CS ELA.K6 IS8 Gaudium et Spes, 59; Lay Catholics in Schools: Witnesses to Faith, 12. CS ELA.K6 IS9 The Religious Dimension of Education in a Catholic School, 58. CS ELA.K6 IS10 Lay Catholics in Schools: Witnesses to Faith, 12. CS ELA.K6 IS12 Kirk, R. (1981). The moral imagination. Literature and Belief, Vol. 1, 37–49. CS ELA.K6 IS13 Lay Catholics in Schools: Witnesses to Faith, 12; Gaudium et Spes, 59. Writing Standards CS ELA.K6 WS1 Halpin, P.A., p. 83 CS ELA.K6 WS2 The Religious Dimension of Education in a Catholic School, 49. CS ELA.K6 WS3 Thomas Aquinas College http://www.thomasaquinas.edu/a-liberating-education/course-descriptions#logic-tutorial Dispositional Standards CS ELA.K6 AD1 Gaudium et Spes, 62; Ave Maria University, https://www.avemaria.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Academic-Catalogue-2014-2015_091020141.pdf p.144 CS ELA.K6 AD2 Ibid. CS ELA.K6 AD3 Lay Catholics in Schools: Witnesses to Faith, 12. CS ELA.K6 AD4 Dubay, T. p.12; Franciscan University Steubenville Academic Catalog. http://www.franciscan.edu/undergraduate-catalog/ p.180 CS ELA.K6 AD5 Hicks, D. p. 35-38 CS ELA.K6 AD6 Lay Catholics in Schools: Witnesses to Faith, 12. CS ELA.K6 AD7 Taylor, J. p.4; Halpin, P.A., & Wagner, J. p. CS ELA.K6 AD8 The Catholic School, 36 & 12; Ditmanson, H., Hong, H., & Quanbeck, W. p. 156-157
CATHOLIC CURRICULAR STANDARDS AND DISPOSITIONS IN ENGLISH/LANUGAGE ARTS 7-12 General Standards CS ELA.712 GS1 The Catholic School, 37. See also O’Donnell, A. (2012). Poetry and Catholic themes. In J. Piderit, & M. Morey (Eds.), Teaching the tradition. Catholic themes in academic disciplines. p.126. CS ELA.712 GS2 The Religious Dimension of Education in a Catholic School, 57. CS ELA.712 GS3 The Catholic School, 12. CS ELA.712 GS4 Gaudium et Spes, 62. Intellectual Standards CS ELA.712 IS1 Moore, T., p. 91. See also Redden and Ryan p. 94-95; University of St. Thomas More http://www.thomasmorecollege.edu/academics/true-enlargement-of-mind/; Ditmanson, H., Hong, H., & Quanbeck, W. p. 157- 160; CS ELA.712 IS2 O’Brien, M. p.41-42. See also Reed and Redden p.94. CS ELA.712 IS3 O’Brien, M., p.12-13.
47 56 CS ELA.712 IS4 Ave Maria University, https://www.avemaria.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Academic-Catalogue-2014-2015_091020141.pdf p.144 CS ELA.712 IS5 O’Donnell, A. (2012). Poetry and Catholic themes. In J. Piderit, & M. Morey (Eds.), Teaching the tradition. Catholic themes in academic disciplines.p.112. The CS ELA.712 IS7 Kirk, Russell “The Moral imagination." in Literature and Belief Vol. 1 (1981), 37–49. CS ELA.712 IS8 The Religious Dimension of Education in a Catholic School, 51. CS ELA.712 IS9 Religious Dimension of Education in a Catholic School, 55. CS ELA.712 IS10 Lay Catholics in Schools: Witnesses to Faith, 12. CS ELA.712 IS12 University of Dallas http://udallas.edu/offices/registrar/_documents/bulletin-2014-2015-final-singles.pdf pp. 146-148, see also John Paul II, Veritatis Splendor, 3. CS ELA.712 IS13 Taylor, J. p.22. CS ELA.712 IS15 O’Donnell, A. (2012). Poetry and Catholic themes. In J. Piderit, & M. Morey (Eds.), Teaching the Tradition. Catholic Themes in Academic Disciplines. p. 112, 125. Writing Standards CS ELA.712 WS1 Halpin, P.A., p. 83.. CS ELA.712 WS2 The Religious Dimension of Education in a Catholic School, 49. CS ELA.712 WS3 Thomas Aquinas College http://www.thomasaquinas.edu/a-liberating-education/course-descriptions#logic-tutorial CS ELA.712 WS4 Esolen, A. (November, 2013). Dispositional Standards CS ELA.712 AD1 Moore, T. p. 91. See also Redden and Ryan p. 94-95. CS ELA.712 AD2 Hicks, D., p. 35; Simmons, T. p. 145; Ditmanson, H., Hong, H., & Quanbeck, W., p. 156-157. CS ELA.712 AD3 Hicks, D., p. 35; Simmons, T., p. 145. CS ELA.712 AD4 Dubay, T., p.12; Franciscan University Steubenville Academic Catalog. p.180 http://www.franciscan.edu/undergraduate-catalog/ CS ELA.712 AD5 Hicks, D. p. 35-38. CS ELA.712 AD6 Redden, J. & Ryan, F., p. 92-95. CS ELA.712 AD7 Taylor, J., p.4; Halpin, P.A., and Wagner, J., p. 127.
CATHOLIC CURRICULAR STANDARDS AND DISPOSITIONS IN HISTORY K-6 General Standards CS H.K6 GS1 The Catholic School, 8. CS H.K6 GS2 Ditmanson, H., Hong, H., & Quanbeck, W., p. 181. CS H.K6 GS3 Dawson, p. 301 Intellectual Standards CS H.K6 IS1 Ditmanson, H., Hong, H., & Quanbeck, W., p. 12; The Religious Dimension of Education in a Catholic School, 58. CS H.K6 IS2 www.magiscenter.com CS H.K6 IS3 Pope John Paul II. Fides et Ratio, 11-12. CS H.K6 IS4 Our Lady Seat of Wisdom Academy https://www.seatofwisdom.ca/academics/departments/history/ CS H.K6 IS5 The Religious Dimension of Education in a Catholic School, 57. CS H.K6 IS8 Ave Maria University Academic Catalog p. 134. CS H.K6 IS9 University of Dallas Academic Bulletin. p. 159 http://udallas.edu/offices/registrar/_documents/bulletin-2014-2015-final-singles.pdf; Simmons, T., p. 20-21. CS H.K6 IS10 Hicks, D., p.23; The Religious Dimension of Education in a Catholic School, 59. CS H.K6 IS11 Simmons, T., p. 14; Christendom College Academic Principles. http://www.christendom.edu/academics/education-principles-overview/ CS H.K6 IS12 The Catholic School on the Threshold of the Third Millennium, 14. Dispositional Standards CS H.K6 AD1 Pope John Paul II. Fides et Ratio, 8. CS H.K6 AD2 Simmons, T., p. 209-210. CS H.K6 AD3 Lay Catholics in Schools: Witnesses to Faith, 12. CS H.K6 AD4 Educating Together in Catholic Schools, A Shared Mission Between Consecrated Persons and the Lay Faithful, 46.
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CATHOLIC CURRICULAR STANDARDS AND DISPOSITIONS IN HISTORY INSTRUCTION 7-12 General Standards CS H.712 GS1 Ditmanson, H., Hong, H., & Quanbeck, W. p. 12; The Religious Dimension of Education in a Catholic School, 58. CS H.712 GS2 Pope John Paul II, Veritatis Splendor, 93. CS H.712 GS3 Our Lady Seat of Wisdom Academy https://www.seatofwisdom.ca/academics/departments/history/ CS H.712 GS4 Hicks, D., p.23; The Religious Dimension of Education in a Catholic School, 58. CS H.712 GS5 Ave Maria University Academic Catalog p. 134. https://www.avemaria.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Academic-Catalogue-2014-2015_091020141.pdf Intellectual Standards CS H.712 IS1 Ditmanson, H., Hong, H., & Quanbeck, W. p. 180. CS H.712 IS2 Pope John Paul II. Fides et Ratio, 11- 12. CS H.712 IS3 Hancock, C., p. 41; Lay Catholics in Schools: Witnesses to Faith, 20; The Religious Dimension of Education in a Catholic School, 59; The Religious Dimension of Education in a Catholic School, 88. CS H.712 IS4 Ditmanson, H., Hong, H., & Quanbeck, W. p. 180. CS H.712 IS5 Educating to Intercultural Dialogue in Catholic Schools: Living in Harmony for a Civilization of Love, 30. CS H.712 IS6 Dawson, C. (2010). Crisis in Western education (2010). In R. Topping’s (Ed.), Renewing the mind: A reader in the philosophy of Catholic education. (p. 301). CS H.712 IS7 The Catholic School on the Threshold of the Third Millennium, 14. CS H.712 IS8 Ave Maria University Academic Catalog p. 134. CS H.712 IS9 Simmons, T., p. 20; Christendom College Academic Principles http://www.christendom.edu/academics/education-principles-overview/ CS H.712 IS10 Mannoia, V., p. 84; Ditmanson, H., Hong, H., & Quanbeck, W. p. 181; The Religious Dimension of Education in a Catholic School, 58. CS H.712 IS12 University of Dallas Academic Bulletin. P. 159 http://udallas.edu/offices/registrar/_documents/bulletin-2014-2015-final-singles.pdf CS H.712 IS13 Simmons, T., p. 142. CS H.712 IS14 Simmons, T., p. 31. CS H.712 IS15 Thomas Aquinas College Why We Study http://www.thomasaquinas.edu/a-liberating-education/why-we-study CS H.712 IS16 The Religious Dimension of Education in a Catholic School, 57. CS H.712 IS17 The Religious Dimension of Education in a Catholic School, 58; Educating Together in Catholic Schools, A Shared Mission, 46. CS H.712 IS18 Hicks, D., p.23; The Religious Dimension of Education in a Catholic School, 59. CS H.712 IS20 Pope John Paul II, Laborem Exercens, 3. CS H.712 IS21- USCCB. Seven themes of Catholic social teaching. http://www.usccb.org/beliefs-and-teachings/what-we-believe/catholic-social-teaching/seven-themes-of-catholic- 25 social-teaching.cfm CS H.712 IS26 The Religious Dimension of Education in a Catholic School, 51, 108, 89. CS H.712 IS27 Beckwirth, F. & Koukl, G. (1998). Relativism: Feet firmly planted in mid-air. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Publishing Group. How relativism presents a false understanding of cultural diversity and fails to distinguish how some cultures, like individuals, have discovered more knowledge and truth than others. Dispositional Standards CS H.712 AD1 Pope John Paul II. Fides et Ratio, 8. CS H.712 AD2 Simmons, T., p. 209-210.. CS H.712 AD3 Ditmanson, H., Hong, H., & Quanbeck, W. p.10.. CS H.712 AD4 Simmons, T., p. 20-21. CS H.712 AD5 The Religious Dimension of Education in a Catholic School, 52. CS H.712 AD6 Lay Catholics in Schools: Witnesses to Faith, 12.
CATHOLIC CURRICULAR STANDARDS AND DISPOSITIONS Related to Science Topics K-6 General Standards CS S.K6 GS1 The Religious Dimension of Education in a Catholic School, 56, 57. CS S.K6 GS2 The Religious Dimension of Education in a Catholic School, 54; Baglow, C., p. 66. Intellectual Standards CS S.K6 IS1 The Religious Dimension of Education in a Catholic School, 54; Baglow, C., p. 65
49 58 CS S.K6 IS2 Baglow, C. Chapter 3; See Hodgson, P. Theology and modern physics, pp. 21-24 in Baglow, C. p. 58. CS S.K6 IS4 Hodgson, P. Theology and modern physics, pp. 21-24 in Baglow, C., p. 58. CS S.K6 IS6 CCC, 337-344; Baglow, Chapter 1. CS S.K6 IS7 The Religious Dimension of Education in a Catholic School, 54. CS S.K6 IS8 Gaudium et Spes, 57; Baglow, C. p. 8-9. CS S.K6 IS9 Baglow, C., p. 8-10. CS S.K6 IS10 Gaudium et Spes, 57. Dispositional Standards CS S.K6 AD1 Wyoming Catholic Academic Vision p. 21. http://www.wyomingcatholiccollege.com/data/files/gallery/AcademicDownloadsFileGallery/WCCVision1.pdf CS S.K6 AD2 John Paul II. (1988). Letter of His Holiness John Paul II to Reverend George V. Coyne, S.J. Director of the Vatican Observatory. CS S.K6 AD4 John Paul II. (1988). Letter of His Holiness John Paul II to Reverend George V. Coyne, S.J. Director of the Vatican Observatory
CATHOLIC CURRICULAR STANDARDS AND DISPOSITIONS Related to Science Topics 7-12 General Standards CS S.712 GS1 The Religious Dimension of Education in a Catholic School, 56, 57. CS S.712 GS2 John Paul II. Letter of His Holiness John Paul II to Reverend George V. Coyne, S.J. Director of the Vatican Observatory. Intellectual Standards CS S.712 IS1 Baglow, Chapter 5; John Paul II, (1988). Letter of His Holiness John Paul II to Reverend George V. Coyne, S.J. Director of the Vatican Observatory. CS S.712 IS2 Ave Maria University Academic Catalog p. 80. https://www.avemaria.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Academic-Catalogue-2014-2015_091020141.pdf CS S.712 IS3 Jordan, E., p. 34, 55. CS S.712 IS4 Pope John Paul II. Fides et Ratio, 106. CS S.712 IS6 The Catholic School, 56. CS S.712 IS7 Pope Francis, Laudato si, 117. CS S.712 IS8 Baglow, C., Chapters 1-2; Spitzer, R. The soul’s upward yearning, p.130 & Appendix One; John Paul II, (1988). Letter of His Holiness John Paul II to Reverend George V. Coyne, S.J. Director of the Vatican Observatory; John Paul II, (1996). Message to the Pontifical Academy of Sciences: on Evolution. CS S.712 IS9 Pope John Paul II. Fides et Ratio, 88; Baglow, C., p. 24-26. CS S.712 IS10 Ibid. CS S.712 IS11 Baglow, C., pp. 68-73; See http://www.faith.org.uk/article/may-june-2010-priestly-contributions-to-modern-sciencethe-case-of-monseignor-georges-lemaitre CS S.712 IS12 Putz, O. Evolutionary biology in a Catholic framework, In Piderit, J., & Morey, M. (2012). Teaching the tradition, p. 307 – 329. CS S.712 IS15 Spitzer, R., The soul’s upward yearning. Appendix One; Spitzer, R. (2010). New proofs for the existence of God; Spitzer, R. & LeBlanc, C., The Reason Series: What science says about God. Student Workbook, pp.41-51; Spitzer, R. & Noggle, M. From nothing to cosmos: The workbook+, pp. 68-71 Dispositional Standards CS S.712 AD1 Wyoming Catholic Academic Vision p. 21. http://www.wyomingcatholiccollege.com/data/files/gallery/AcademicDownloadsFileGallery/WCCVision1.pdf CS S.712 AD2 John Paul II, Letter of His Holiness John Paul II to Reverend George V. Coyne, S.J. Director of the Vatican Observatory. CS S.712 AD3 Francis, Pope. Laudato Si, 84-86, 117. CS S.712 AD4 USCCB. Seven themes of Catholic social teaching. http://www.usccb.org/beliefs-and-teachings/what-we-believe/catholic-social-teaching/seven-themes-of-catholic- social-teaching.cfm CS S.712 AD5 Spitzer, R., The soul’s upward yearning. Appendix One, conclusion.
CATHOLIC CURRICULAR STANDARDS AND DISPOSITIONS IN MATHEMATICS K-6 General Standards CS M.K6 GS1 Schweitzer, P.A., (2012). Mathematics, reality, and God. In J. Piderit, & M. Morey (Eds.), Teaching the tradition. Catholic themes in academic disciplines (p.248). CS M.K6 GS3 Thomas Aquinas College, Why we study math by Brian Kelly. http://thomasaquinas.edu/a-liberating-education/why-we-study-mathematics; Christendom College http://www.christendom.edu/2014/11/11/christendom-college-launches-mathematics-major/ Dispositional Standards CS M.K6 AD1 Thomas Aquinas College, Why we study math by Brian Kelly. http://thomasaquinas.edu/a-liberating-education/why-we-study-mathematics; Clayton, D. Chpt. 5-7.
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Christendom College, Why mathematics in the liberal arts tradition matters. http://www.christendom.edu/2015/08/20/why-mathematics-in-the-liberal-arts- tradition-matters/ CS M.K6 AD2 Thomas Aquinas College, Why we study math by Brian Kelly. http://thomasaquinas.edu/a-liberating-education/why-we-study-mathematics; Clayton, D. pp. 65-66. CS M.K6 AD 3- Christendom College, Why mathematics in the liberal arts tradition matters. http://www.christendom.edu/2015/08/20/why-mathematics-in-the-liberal-arts- 4 tradition-matters/
CATHOLIC CURRICULAR STANDARDS AND DISPOSITIONS IN MATHEMATICS 7-12 General Standards CS M.712 GS1 Schweitzer, P.A., (2012). Mathematics, reality, and God. In J. Piderit, & M. Morey (Eds.), Teaching the tradition. Catholic themes in academic disciplines (p.248). CS M.712 GS3 Thomas Aquinas College, Why we study math by Brian Kelly. http://thomasaquinas.edu/a-liberating-education/why-we-study-mathematics CS M.712 GS4 Schweitzer, P.A., (2012). Mathematics, reality, and God. In J. Piderit, & M. Morey (Eds.), Teaching the tradition. Catholic themes in academic disciplines (p.233- 234). Intellectual Standards CS M.712 IS1 Schweitzer, P.A., (2012). Mathematics, reality, and God. In J. Piderit, & M. Morey (Eds.), Teaching the tradition. Catholic themes in academic disciplines (p.240). CS M.712 IS2 Ave Maria University Academic Catalogue, p. 150. CS M.712 IS3 Ibid. CS M.712 IS4 Clayton, D. pp.97-98. CS M.712 IS5 Schweitzer, P.A., (2012). Mathematics, reality, and God. In J. Piderit, & M. Morey (Eds.), Teaching the tradition. Catholic themes in academic disciplines (p.245). CS M.712 IS6 Schweitzer, P.A., (2012). Mathematics, reality, and God. In J. Piderit, & M. Morey (Eds.), Teaching the tradition. Catholic themes in academic disciplines (p.241); Clayton, D. pp. 168-170. CS M.712 IS8 Schweitzer, P.A., (2012). Mathematics, reality, and God. In J. Piderit, & M. Morey (Eds.), Teaching the tradition. Catholic themes in academic disciplines (p.242). Dispositional Standards CS M.712 AD1 Schweitzer, P.A., (2012). Mathematics, reality, and God. In J. Piderit, & M. Morey (Eds.), Teaching the tradition. Catholic themes in academic disciplines (p.241). CS M.712 AD2 Schweitzer, P.A., (2012). Mathematics, reality, and God. In J. Piderit, & M. Morey (Eds.), Teaching the tradition. Catholic themes in academic sisciplines (p.248). CS M.712 AD3 Thomas Aquinas College, Why we study math by Brian Kelly. http://thomasaquinas.edu/a-liberating-education/why-we-study-mathematics; Clayton D. Chapter 5. CS M.712 AD4 Christendom College http://www.christendom.edu/news/2014/11-11-math.php. CS M.712 AD5 Schweitzer, P.A., (2012). Mathematics, reality, and God. In J. Piderit, & M. Morey (Eds.), Teaching the tradition. Catholic Themes in academic disciplines (pp.229 - 232). Thomas Aquinas College, Why we study math by Brian Kelly. http://thomasaquinas.edu/a-liberating-education/why-we-study-mathematics CS M.712 AD8 Belmont Abbey Academic Catalogue p.157. http://belmontabbey.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/BAC-2014-2015-Catalogue_18JUL2014.pdf;
51 60 Notes
1. Code of Canon Law (1983), canon 795; Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Declaration on Christian Education Gravissimum Educationis (1965), 2.
2. Meeting with Catholic Educators: Address of His Holiness Benedict XVI (Washington, D.C., April, 2008).
3. The Sacred Congregation for Catholic Education, The Catholic School (1977), 34.
4. Code of Canon Law, canon 795; Gravissimum Educationis, Introduction; Circular Letter to the Presidents of Bishops’ Conferences on Religious Education in Schools (2009), 1.
5. USCCB, Doctrinal elements of a curriculum framework for the development of catechetical materials for young people of high school age (Washington, DC: USCCB, 2008).
6. Blessed John Henry Newman. The Idea of a University: Defined and illustrated (London, England: Pickering, 1873).
7. The Catholic School (1977), 34; The Sacred Congregation for Catholic Education, The Religious Dimension of Education in a Catholic School (1988), 77, 100; Congregation for Catholic Education, Educating in Intercultural Dialogue in the Catholic school: Living in Harmony for a Civilization of Love (2013), 56; National Conference of Catholic Bishops, To Teach as Jesus Did, (Washington, DC: USCCB, 1973), 102.
8. Congregation for Catholic Education, The Religious Dimension of Education in a Catholic School, 57.
9. Gravissimum Educationis, 5; The Sacred Congregation for Catholic Education, Lay Catholics in Schools: Witnesses to Faith (1982), 12.
10. Saint Pope John Paul II, Ad limina visit of bishops from Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin, (May 30, 1998), 2; Gravissimum Educationis, 8; USCCB, Renewing Our Commitment to Catholic Elementary & Secondary Schools in the Third Millennium (Washington, DC: USCCB, 2005), excerpts.
11. The Catholic School, 15, 26, 36; Lay Catholics in Schools: Witnesses to Faith, 12; The Religious Dimension of Education in a Catholic School, 108.
12. The Catholic School, 49: The Religious Dimension of Education in a Catholic School, 34, 51 & 52.
13. The Religious Dimension of Education in a Catholic School, 49.
14. The Religious Dimension of Education in a Catholic School, 47, 49.
15. The Catholic School, 36, 47, 49; Gravissimum Educationis, 1, par. 1; USCCB. Seven themes of Catholic social teaching.
16. The Religious Dimension of Education in a Catholic School, 52, 56; The Catholic School, 55.
17. The Religious Dimension of Education in a Catholic School, 52; The Catholic School, 37.
18. The Religious Dimension of Education in a Catholic School, 71, 74-77; The Catholic School, 50.
19. For instance, religion standards are not included in this compilation, as the USCCB has addressed these in their Curriculum Framework. The reader will, though, find in these standards some natural overlap with the Curriculum Framework, specifically in the areas of science (discussion of creation S.K6. IS1-4 and human
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dignity S.712.GS3) and history (History begins and ends in God and has a religious dimension H.K6.IS1).
20. An adapted version of this essay appears in After the fall: Catholic education beyond the common core (October 2016) Esolen, A., Guernsey, D., Robbins. J., and Ryan, K. A white paper by The Pioneer Institute and American Principles Project.
21. Congregation for Catholic Education. (2014). Educating today and tomorrow: A renewing passion. Conclusion.
22. Harden, J. (1980). Modern Catholic dictionary. New York, NY: Image Books.
23. Dubay, T. (1999). The evidential power of beauty: Science and theology meet. San Francisco, CA: Ignatius Press, 52.
24. Aristotle, Metaphysics, 1.982b.
25. Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologiae, I, 5,4 and 1q.39.a.8.
26. Dubay, The evidential power of beauty: Science and theology meet, 24.
27. Saward, J.(1997). The beauty of holiness and the holiness of beauty: Art sanctity and the truth of Catholicism. San Francisco, CA: Ignatius Press, 47.
28. Hart, D. (2003). The beauty of the infinite: The aesthetics of Christian truth. Cambridge, UK: Eerdmann’s Publishing, 17.
29. Caldecott, S. (2009). Beauty for truth’s sake: The re-enchantment of education. Grand Rapids, MI: Brazos Press, 17.
30. Pieper, J. (1998). Leisure and the basis of culture. South Bend, IN: St. Augustine’s Press, 31.
31. Catechism of the Catholic Church: Revised in Accordance with the Official Latin Text Promulgated by Pope John Paul II. (1997). Vatican City: Libreria Editrice Vaticana.1830.
32. Hancock, C. (2005). Recovering a Catholic philosophy of elementary education. Mount Pocono, PA: Newman House Press, 86.
33. The Religious Dimension of Education in a Catholic School, 108.
34. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council. (1965). Gaudium et Spes, 22.
35. St. Thomas Aquinas De Veritate, Q.1, A.1-3; cf. Summa Theologiae, Q.16.
36. For a more complete discussion of this topic see p. 64-70, Recovering a Catholic Philosophy of Elementary Education by Curtis Hancock.
37. Catechism of the Catholic Church, 2467.
38. The Religious Dimension of Education in a Catholic School, 54.
39. Beckwith, F. & Koukl, G. (1998). Relativism: Feet firmly planted in midair. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books, 62-69.
40. Traditional methods for measuring cognitive (thinking) standards include: selected response items (i.e., multiple-choice, true-false, and matching), constructed responses (i.e., short answer, essay), performance tasks (i.e., products and skills), or simple teacher observations using checklists and scales.
41. Krathwohl, D., Bloom, B., & Masia, B. (1964). Taxonomy of educational objectives: Book 2 affective domain. New York, NY: Longman, Inc.
42. Information about this assessment can be found at https://ncea.caltesting.org/about.html.
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