Eleventh Report on Competition Policy

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Eleventh Report on Competition Policy Commission of the European Communities Eleventh Report on Competition Policy (Published in conjunction with the 'Fifteenth General Report on the Activities of the European Communities in 1981') Commission of the European Communities Eleventh Report on Competition Policy (Published in conjunction with the 'Fifteenth General Report on the Activities of the European Communities in 1981') Brussels • Luxembourg This publication is also available in the following languages: DA ISBN 92-825-2881-2 DE ISBN 92-825-2882-0 GR ISBN 92-825-2883-9 FR ISBN 92-825-2885-5 IT ISBN 92-825-2886-3 NL ISBN 92-825-2887-1 Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1982 ISBN 92-825-2884-7 Catalogue number: CB-33-81-433-EN-C © ECSC - EEC - EAEC, Brussels • Luxembourg, 1982 Printed in Belgium Contents Introduction 11 PART ONE — COMPETITION POLICY TOWARDS ENTERPRISES 17 Chapter I: Main developments in Community policy 19 § 1 — Air and sea transport 19 1—Airtransport 19 2 — Sea transport 21 § 2 — Distribution 23 1 — Exclusive dealing and purchasing 23 2 — Selective distribution 24 §3 — Merger control 26 §4 — Commission procedures in implementing the rules of competition 27 1 — Procedures during investigation 28 2 — Access to the Commission's files 30 3 — Oral Hearings 31 §5 — Application of the competition rules to small and medium-sized enterprises 33 §6 — Application of the competition rules to non-Community undertakings 36 1 — General remarks 36 2 — Application to multinational undertakings 37 § 7 — Application of the competition rules to specific sectors 40 1 — Policy on steel prices 40 2 — Man-made fibres 41 COMP. REP. EC 1981 4 CONTENTS Chapter II: Main cases decided by the Court of Justice 43 § 7 — Practices caught by Article 85 43 Rennet 43 Salonia 44 Zuchner 46 §2 — Procedural matters 47 IBM 47 §3 — Industrial and commercial property 48 Membran K-tel 49 Merck 49 Dansk Supermarked 49 Pfizer 50 Chapter III: Main decisions and measures taken by the Commission 51 §1 —Article 85(1) of the EEC Treaty applied to restrictive practices 52 — Agreements protecting domestic markets 52 • Flat glass 52 • Soda ash 53 — Joint restrictions on parallel imports 54 • ANSEAU—NAVEWA 54 — Joint price-fixing agreement 55 • VBVB—VBBB 55 §2 — Article 85 applied to distribution 57 — Export bans 57 • Moet & Chandon 57 • Hasselblad 57 — Selective distribution systems 59 • AEG-Telefunken 59 §3 — Permitted forms of cooperation 60 — Joint publishing and distribution agreements 60 • LangenscheidtfHachette 60 — Research and development agreement 61 • Sopelem/Vickers 61 — Cooperation agreement between steel undertakings 61 • Pole des independants 61 COMP. REP. EC 1981 CONTENTS 5 §4 — Articles 85 and 86 applied to agreements and practices related to industrial and com- mercial property rights and copyright 62 Patents 62 • Patent pools 62 • Concast/Mannesmann 62 • IGR Stereo Television 63 •Sales of patents and business: territorial restrictions in non-competition clause 64 • Sedame/Precilec 64 Trade marks 65 — Trade mark licensing and ban on competition in the event of transfers of under- takings 65 • Tyler/Linde 65 — Barriers to market entry by competitors 66 • Osram/Airam 66 Copyright 66 — Elimination of export ban relating to copyright 66 • STEMRA 66 §5 — Article 86 applied to abuse of dominant position 67 — Unlawful discount system 67 • Michelin Nederland 67 — Protection of authors and artists 68 • GVL 68 • GEMA 69 §6 — Merger control (Article 66 ECSC and Article 86 EEC) 70 — Merger control in the steel industry 70 • Rogesa 70 • Allied Steel and Wire Ltd 70 • French special steels 71 • Decisions on interlocking directorates 72 — Scrutiny of mergers for compatibility with Article 86 of the EEC Treaty 73 • Amicon Corp./Fortia AB and Wright Scientific Ltd 73 § 7 — Principal Decisions on procedural matters 75 — Incorrect replies to requests for information 75 • CCI 75 • Telos SA 75 o National Panasonic France and Belgium 76 — Rejection of complaints 76 • Demo-Studio Schmidt 77 COMP. REP. EC 1981 6 CONTENTS Chapter IV: Main developments in national competition policies 79 Belgium 80 Denmark 81 Federal Republic of Germany 83 France 86 Greece 89 Ireland 91 Italy 92 Luxembourg 92 Netherlands 93 United Kingdom 94 Chapter V: Commission involvement in work concerning restrictive practices and State aids in international trade 99 § 1 — OECD 99 %2 — UNCTAD 100 §3 — Cooperation between the Commission and the antitrust authorities of non- member countries 102 Chapter VI: Competition policy and the role of socio-economic and political interest groups 103 § 1 — European Parliament 104 §2 — Economic and Social Committee 105 §3 — Other contacts 106 PART TWO — COMPETITION POLICY AND GOVERNMENT ASSISTANCE TO ENTER- PRISES 109 Chapter I: State aids 111 §1 General 111 § 2 — Aid schemes for specific industries 115 Iron and steel (Application of the ECSC and EEC Treaties) 116 Major aid schemes 118 — Schemes approved by the Commission 118 • Denmark 118 • United Kingdom 119 COMP. REP. EC 1981 CONTENTS 7 — Schemes subject to procedure or at first stage of examination 120 • Belgium 120 • Federal Republic of Germany 122 • France 124 • Italy 125 • Luxembourg 126 — Individual investment projects 127 — Action on infringements of procedural requirements 128 Shipbuilding ea129 — Fifth Council Directive 129 — National aid schemes 129 • Italy 129 • France 130 • Denmark 130 • United Kingdom 130 Individual case of application 131 — United Kingdom 131 Ship repairing 132 Textiles and clothing 132 — Commission policy on aid to the textile and clothing industry 132 Synthetic fibres 133 National schemes 134 — Netherlands 134 — Belgium 134 — Greece 135 Car industry 136 — United Kingdom ' 136 Paper industry 137 — Belgium 137 — Netherlands 137 Aids to the energy sector 137 — Aids to the coal industry 137 • Belgium 139 Aid to a petroleum refinery 139 • Federal Republic of Germany 139 Loans for energy saving and related objectives 139 COMP. REP. EC 1981 8 CONTENTS Aid for the construction of coal-fired thermal heating stations and extension of the distribution network for area heating 140 s United Kingdom 140 Aid for the conversion of oil-fired boilers to use coal 140 Significant cases of application of general aid schemes 140 §3 — Regional aid schemes 141 General 141 Specific statements on certain national regional aid schemes 142 — Federal Republic of Germany 142 — Belgium 143 — Denmark 145 — France 146 — Ireland 147 — Italy 148 — Netherlands 150 — United Kingdom 151 §4 —Aid schemes other than regional or industry ones 151 — Restructuring of Italian industry 151 — Aid to small and medium-sized firms 152 «Netherlands 152 — Premiums for innovation 152 — Aid for export credits 153 Adjustment of State monopolies of a commercial character 154 Public undertakings 155 PART THREE — THE DEVELOPMENT OF CONCENTRATION AND COMPETITION IN THE COMMUNITY 157 Introduction 159 § 1 — National and international takeovers and mergers, share purchases and joint ventures in the Community from 1977 to 1980 159 — Trend in the number of operations and in the number of firms involved 159 — Possible explanations of the trend in the number of operations 161 COMP. REP. EC 1981 CONTENTS 9 — International operations by Member State 162 — Share of non-Community firms in international operations in Member States 163 — Industry breakdown of national and international operations in the Community 165 § 2 — Market structures 165 — The markets investigated 165 — Geographical delimitation of markets 166 — Method used in the analysis 166 — The development of market power on the product markets investigated between 1970 and 1979 168 § 3 — Price structures 170 — Some factors determining international price differences 170 — International price differences in 1980: certain selected products 171 — Some comparisons of prices between 1976 and 1980 171 — The purchasing strength of the major distributors 175 § 4 — Conclusions 175 Annex 179 List of individual Decisions of the Commission and Rulings of the Court of Justice made in 1981 concerning the application of Articles 85 and 86 of the EEC Treaty and of Articles 65 and 66 of the ECSC Treaty 181 Final negative Decisions adopted by the Commission under Article 93(2) of the EEC Treaty 184 Cases in which the Commission raised no objection 186 Cases in which the procedure under Article 93(2) of the EEC Treaty or under Article 8(3) of Decision 2320/81/ECSC was initiated 189 Cases in which the procedure under Article 93(2) of the EEC Treaty or under Article 8(3) of Decision 2320/81/ECSC was terminated 191 List of study reports published in the 'Evolution of concentration and competition series' in 1981, 'Working papers' collection 193 COMP. REP. EC 1981 Introduction The continuing economic difficulties and their industrial and social consequences represent, now more than ever before, a challenge to any competition policy. As is clear from the Treaties, the Community is essentially based on a market economy in which fair, undistorted competition is supposed to ensure that available resour- ces are allocated to the most productive sectors, to stimulate firms to make use of their know-how and skills and to encourage them to invent, develop and exploit efficiently new techniques and new products. The last two functions are particu- larly important in a time of crisis since they enable firms to recover, retain and improve their competitiveness. The Commission must therefore ensure that com- petition performs its proper role. However,
Recommended publications
  • The Commercial & Technical Evolution of the Ferry
    THE COMMERCIAL & TECHNICAL EVOLUTION OF THE FERRY INDUSTRY 1948-1987 By William (Bill) Moses M.B.E. A thesis presented to the University of Greenwich in fulfilment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy October 2010 DECLARATION “I certify that this work has not been accepted in substance for any degree, and is not concurrently being submitted for any degree other than that of Doctor of Philosophy being studied at the University of Greenwich. I also declare that this work is the result of my own investigations except where otherwise identified by references and that I have not plagiarised another’s work”. ……………………………………………. William Trevor Moses Date: ………………………………. ……………………………………………… Professor Sarah Palmer Date: ………………………………. ……………………………………………… Professor Alastair Couper Date:……………………………. ii Acknowledgements There are a number of individuals that I am indebted to for their support and encouragement, but before mentioning some by name I would like to acknowledge and indeed dedicate this thesis to my late Mother and Father. Coming from a seafaring tradition it was perhaps no wonder that I would follow but not without hardship on the part of my parents as they struggled to raise the necessary funds for my books and officer cadet uniform. Their confidence and encouragement has since allowed me to achieve a great deal and I am only saddened by the fact that they are not here to share this latest and arguably most prestigious attainment. It is also appropriate to mention the ferry industry, made up on an intrepid band of individuals that I have been proud and privileged to work alongside for as many decades as covered by this thesis.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study of the Community Benefit of a Fixed Channel
    A J Jl'if: COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES ] 1 J ] 1 STUDY OF THE COMMUNITY BENEFIT J i OF A FIXED CHANNEL CROSSING i i j f..»y APPENDICES M J 1 DECEMBER 1979 ,,^~r r,r*"ï i?T ^^.t . • CDAT 8139 C COOPERS & LYBRAND ASSOCIATES LIMITED MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMIC CONSULTANTS TABLE OF CONTENTS 'A. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN CROSS-CHANNEL TRAFFIC Aol Developments in Transport Services A.1.1 Shipping : Passengers A.1.2 Shipping : Freight A.1.3 Shipping : Capacity and Technical Developments A.1.4 Hovercraft and Jetfoil Services o A.1.5 Air A.1.6 Surface Connections A.2 Routes Chosen by UK Résidents in 1977 A.2.1 Introduction A.2.2 Independent, Non-Car Leisure Travellers A.2.3 Leisure Car Travellers i] A.2.4 Package Travellers A.2.5 Business Travellers •Or- :\ A.3 Developments in Freight Traffic • •• * 0 •'•-•; A.3.1 Récent Developments in Unitised Cross-Channel Traffic A.3.2 Road Ro-Ro Traffic Growth A.3.3 Conclusions . J B. MODELS OF ROUTE CHOICE B.l Introduction B.l.l Manipulation of Route Data B.1.2 Network Processing B.l.3 The Choice of Zoning System B.2 The Route Choice Model for Car Travellers B.2.1 The Network B.2.2 The Model Structure B.2.3 The Impédance Function B.2.4 The Choice Between French and Belgian Straits B.2.5 The Choice Between Calais and Boulogne B.2.6 The Choice Between Ship and Hovercraft 7»? ï'ï B.3 The Route Choice Model for Non-Car Travellers B.3.1 The Network B.3.2 The Impédance Function for Independent Travellers B.3.3 The Impédance Function for Package Travellers B.4 The Route Choice Model for Freight B.5 The Evaluation of User Benefits B.5.1 Method B.5.2 Units C.
    [Show full text]
  • Volume 16 Number 2
    THE TRANSPORT ECONOMIST MAGAZINE OF THE TRANSPORT ECONOMISTS GROUP VOLUME 16 NUMBER 2 EDITOR: Stuart Cole, Polytechnic of North London Business School Contents Page RECENT MEETINGS The economics of regulation in the taxicab industry Ken Gwilliam (Leeds, November 1988) 1 The role of Hoverspeed in the cross-Channel market Robin Wilkins (London, November 1988) 3 BOOK REV IEWS The Manchester Tramways (Ian Yearsley & Philip Groves) 15 1 Geoffrey Searle: An appreciation 17 RECENT MEETINGS TEG NEWS THE ECONOMICS OF REGULATION IN THE TAXICAB INDUSTRY Notice of Annual General Meeting 18 Ken Gwilliam, Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds (Leeds, November 9 1988) Membership News 19 Local authorities have had powers to regulate entry, fares Programme of Meetings 20 and conditions of operation for taxis ever since the Town Police Clauses Act of 1847. and most exercise these powers. The 1985 Committee 21 Act liberalised entry to the industry. but allowed authorities to refuse licenses if it could be demonstrated that there was no Copy Dates 22 'significant unmet demand', Thus there has been a growing industry in studies of taxi demand, of which the Institute at Leeds has undertaken a SUbstantial number. Evidence from cases fought through the Crown Courts so far suggested that it was very difficult to define what is meant by significant unmet demand, with consequential inconsistencies in decisions. For instance in Stockton the growth in the number of hire cars was accepted as evidence of unmet demand, whereas in similar circumstances elsewhere that argument has failed. Similarly the degree to which a lack of taxis at peak times or in out-of-cntre locations has been accepted as evidence has varied.
    [Show full text]
  • UK Military Hovercraft Trials Units
    Appendix 1 UK Military Hovercraft Trials Units Background When Christopher Cockerell was seeking support for the development of the hovercraft principle, it was the intervention of the late Earl Mountbatten that was of signifi cant help. With his background in Amphibious Warfare, he immediately saw the potential for this new concept, so much so that it was initially classifi ed as Top Secret. Eventually, the Saunders Roe, SR.N1, was built and launched on 11 June 1959 to further evaluate the potential of the concept. This new vehicle attracted great pub- licity and interest in the UK. Military interest led to the formation of an Interservice Hovercraft Working Party in 1961 and the formation of the Interservice Hovercraft (Trials) Unit (IHTU) at HMS Ariel (later HMS Daedalus), at Lee-on-the-Solent just west of Portsmouth harbour. IHTU personnel were drawn from the Royal Navy, Royal Marines, Royal Air Force and the Army. The different Service backgrounds and training assisted both in routine maintenance and fault fi nding on these special craft. Additionally, after the traditional 3-year tour, personnel were drafted to active units and able to spread the message about the usefulness of amphibious hovercraft. Figure A1.1 shows the Unit in the NHTU days with SR.N6, BH 7 and VT 2 craft present. The Early Days In order to evaluate hovercraft military potential, to start with craft were hired from their manufacturers and operated from Lee-on-the-Solent. These evaluations served the double purpose of enabling Service personnel to gain experience of hovercraft operations and assisting manufacturers in the development of their craft.
    [Show full text]
  • Samlet Oversigt
    THE HISTORY OF HYDROFOILS, HOVERCRAFT, SESs AND CATAMARANS WORLDWIDE CLASSICFAST FERRIES / PENNIE & DAVID GRIFFITHS photo But first we take the hovercraft T i m T i m o l e o n what may crop up when you are researching something It is amazing completely different. In the spring 1970 a young Australian couple who at the time resided in Great Britain set out to tour continental Europe by taxi. Luckily there was no fare meter in it as the 1958-built cab had been acquired by the couple following its retirement from service on the streets of London. After having completed the European tour in the taxi, and another without it, the couple moved back to Australia taking their beloved taxi with them. They have since imported and owned three more London taxis. So where does a classic fast ferry come into all this? The answer is in these photos which were taken prior to departing for France on the cross-Channel hovercraft from Dover to Boulogne. Built by the British Hovercraft Corporation, The Princess Anne entered service with British Rail Seaspeed across the English Channel in 1968 along with The Princess Margaret . Four more of the design were delivered by BHC to competing cross- Channel operator Hoverlloyd. Designated SR.N4, these craft originally had a length overall of just under 40 metres and beam overall of 24 metres and as such would carry 254 passengers and 30 cars. Hoverlloyd subsequently had these figures increased to 282 and 37, respectively, in a modest rebuild, by which the craft were designated SR.N4 Mk II.
    [Show full text]
  • Book Hovercraft ^ Read
    Hovercraft « Book ~ LVOAOVBRJ9 Hovercraft By Source Reference Series Books LLC Mrz 2014, 2014. Taschenbuch. Condition: Neu. Neuware - Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 109. Chapters: ABS Hovercraft, Aerofex hover vehicle, Air-cushioned landing craft, Airboard, Air Car (hovercraft), Air caster, Aist class LCAC, Barguzin class hovercraft, Bora class guided missile hovercraft, British Hovercraft Corporation, British Hovercraft Corporation AP1-88, British Hovercraft Corporation BH.7, Burnham Area Rescue Boat, Cushioncraft, Czilim class hovercraft, DeLorean time machine, Flymo, Griffon 2000TD hovercraft, Griffon Hoverwork, Gus class LCAC, Hoverboard, Hovercar, Hovercraft 'Dragonfly', Hovercraft Museum, Hoverlloyd, Hoverspeed, Hovertrain, Hoverwork BHT130, Jingsah II class LCAC, Landing Craft Air Cushion, Lebed class LCAC, N500 Naviplane, Patrol Air Cushion Vehicle, Pegasus (hovercraft), Personal hovercraft, Plenum chamber, Resonance method of ice destruction, RNLI hovercraft lifeboat, SAH 2200 hovercraft, Seaspeed, Ship-to-Shore Connector, Southsea Hoverport, SR.N1, SR.N2, SR.N3, SR.N4, SR.N5, SR.N6, Surface effect ship, Tracked Hovercraft, Tsaplya class LCAC, Tuuli class hovercraft, Type 724 LCAC, Zubr class LCAC. Excerpt: 286 article summaries including: Hovercraft museum trust . Modeling, simulation & optimization of the landing craft air cushion fleet readiness . Has the U S landing craft air cushion accomplished the missions of the Naval Expeditionary Forces, considering landing craft historical development and current expeditionary . Resistance of a compartmented surface-effect ship .... READ ONLINE [ 5.61 MB ] Reviews This pdf may be worth purchasing. This is for anyone who statte there was not a really worth reading. I found out this pdf from my i and dad encouraged this pdf to understand. -- Mrs. Annamae Raynor If you need to adding benefit, a must buy book.
    [Show full text]
  • Hovering Craft & Hydrofoil Feb 67
    HOVER/NG CRAFT & HYDROFOIL THE INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF AIR CUSHION VEHICLES AND HYDROFOILS KALERGHI PUBLICATIONS e're on ops no WITH THE WORLD'S FIRST FULL Y-OPERATIONAL HOVERCRAFT SQUADRON BHC hovercraft have now BHC hovercraft lead the world. BHC hovercraft are the only joined the forces - as regulars Incorporating systems and hovercraft that have been used on enlisted for active service, at components proven in over 20,000 military operations - both by British home and abroad, with the hours of operation all over the Defence Forces and by the U.S. Royal Corps of Transport world, the 'I 0-ton SR.N6 carries 30 Navy. They have proved themselves Hovercraft Squadron. This fully-equipped troops or over 3 in extremes of climatic conditions, tons of freight, and is able to from tropical jungles and deserts vital decision by the British mount the latest weapons systems. to the frozen arctic - from Sweden Government to purchase BHC It cruises at 56 knots and is to Sarawak, from Thailand to the SR.NG1s for the world's first unrestricted by reefs, sandbanks, far north of Canada. fully-operational hovercraft underwater defences, ice, tide BHC strength is further emphasised squadron, marks the full state or shallows, giving military by the recent Government decision establishment of hovercraft as forces a freedom and speed of to order the larger 40-ton BH.7 in front-line vehicles with a vital movement by day or night far in both the patrol boat version and role in military operations and advance of anything feasible for the logistics support version.
    [Show full text]
  • This Essay Will Look at the Midland Railways Services to from Heysham
    British Railway Shipping 1948-1984 A Nationalised Success Story Jeremy Hartill MA by Research University of York Railway Studies November 2014 ABSTRACT This dissertation will look at British Railways shipping activities under the British Transport Commission (BTC) and British Railways Board British (BRB). At the time of nationalisation in 1948 the BTC took control of the extensive shipping activities of the British railway companies. The research done for this dissertation suggests the BTC was the largest operator of passenger ships in Europe in the early post-war years. Academic research in this field is very limited, indeed the whole coastal shipping scene has been somewhat neglected. What has been done suggests that the “railway ships” were outdated, inefficient and unprofitable. Richard Pryke in the Journal of Fiscal Studies considered the BRB shipping activities as a failure compared to Townsend, a private enterprise operation. A number of commentators also highlight the advent of the Townsend car ferries in leading the way forward for ferry services from the UK. What this dissertation will show by looking at a number of aspects of this sector is that this was not the case. Most of the studies and commentator’s have not compared like for like and that will be highlighted. The financial performance of the shipping sector will be examined to show that overall it was a very profitable operation. The equipment used in terms of the fleet and harbour facilities will show that over the period under consideration the BTC/BRB fleet moved forward in a manner comparable with other operators in the similar circumstances.
    [Show full text]
  • Hovering Craft & Hydrofoil Magazine August 1966 Volume 5 Number 11
    HOVERING CRAFT \ &HYDROFOIL THE INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF AIR CUSHION VEHICLES AND HYDROFOILS # 3. :. If- Me- * /&,%d!.'Y ' --A- :+- ?.- .. -- --- . - r . --2-- Volume 5 Nqmnea I I KALERGHI PLIBLICATICINS I AUGUST 1966 d The SR.N5, the wo~ld'sfirst military hovercraft, is revolutionising logistics, carrying 15 fully-equipped troops or 2 tons of stores at cruising speeds up to 62 knots. In use with the U.S. Navy, and during operational trials with the British Forces in Borneo, it has proved to be unaffected by tide I state, underwater defences, shallows and the many obstacles which previously meant inaccessibility. Its work rate is many times that of conventional landing craft of comparable size and its amphibious capability gives maximum freedom of choice of operating routes and landing points. Patrols, trooping, supply, casualty evacuation, amphibious assault, search . .. and rescue, anti-submarine warfare, will all be transformed by British hovercraft. In addition to their operations with the British Forces in Borneo, SR.N5 hovercraft are in service with the U.S. Navy. Both the 7-ton SR.N5 and the %ton SR.N6 with its much larger capacity are now available from the world's first hovercraft production line. Modern fighting forces have a : .-.-- - completely new weapon. d 19 6 6 1*c ,.1 A*&" / ,n,,- .,. , .,, ,,,5,,.,3 A....AC. ,,",.,O british hovercraft corporation limited I.L.ac,.~ nrll ,> I I* YEOVIL ENGLAND HOVERING CRAFT & HYDROFOIL FOUNDED OCTOBER 1961 J~t!ion Rice, (left), Frrirbrr~zks attortacy, and Larry Lwdry, At~~:irorcrgeb~r.ritze.vs man, displuy a modal of the 18 posscnger 1tovo.cralr their new organisariot~ Skimmers Iltc.
    [Show full text]
  • Hovering Craft & Hydrofoil Magazine March 1967 Vol 6 No 6
    no G CRAFT & HYDROFO THE INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF AIR CUSHION VEHICLES AND HYDROFOILS e're on ops no b'IW THE WORLD'S FIRST FULL Y-OPERATIONAL HOVERCRAFT SQUADRON BHC hovercraft have now BHC hovercraft lead the world. BHC hovercraft are the only joined the forces - as regulars Incorporating systems and hovercraft that have been used on enlisted for active service, at components proven in over 20,000 military operations - both by British home and abroad, with the hours of operation all over the Defence Forces and by the U.S. Royal Corps of Transport world, the 10-ton SR.N6 carries 30 Navy. They have proved themselves in extremes of climatic conditions,, Hovercraft Squadron. This fully-equipped troops or over 3 tons of freight, and is able to from tropical jungles and deserts vital decision by the British mount the latest weapons systems. to the frozen arctic - from Sweden Government to purchase BHC It cruises at 56 knots and is to Sarawak, from Thailand to the SR.NG's for the world's first unrestricted by reefs, sandbanks, far north of Canada. fully-operational hovercraft underwater defences, ice, tide BH C strength is further emphasised squadron, marks the full state or shallows, giving military by the recent Government decision establishment of hovercraft as forces a freedom and speed of to order the larger 40-ton BH.7 in front-line vehicles with a vital movement by day or night far in both the patrol boat version and role in military operations and advance of anything feasible for the logistics support version.
    [Show full text]
  • Hovering Craft and Hydrofoil May 1968 Vol. 7 No. 8
    NOVER/NG GRAFT & HYDROFOIL THE INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF AIR CUSHION VEHICLES AND HYDROFOILS "Hovercraft first costs are high "Dozens of working GEMS compared with ferry boats and (ground effect machines) have series production aircraft in been built in everything from terms of work capacity, payload ness experimental laboratories. thing we know. We still have carried well over 100,000 pas- a design from which a number of substantially similar craft may be built; however, at the mo- Carl Weiland "Mr Desmond Norman, of Britten Norman, Isle of Wight, has stated that lack of finance is holding up the introduction "The introduction of of a regular hovercraft and hydrofoils on the Nor- passenger ferry service across the solent to the Isle of Wight. wegian coast became an "Mr Norman stressed that immediate success." hydrofoils which have been sold to eleven different coun- Erling Aanensen tries. Our first hydrofoil, the Det Stavangerske 72-seat PT20 Freccia del Sole, Dampskibsselskab, which started operating in 1956 on the Mess~na-Reggio Cala- bina-Messina line, has now travelled more than 430,000 tribution as an investment in the world expenditure will have reached nine to ten million Christopher Cockerell nt compared with foil in certain specific fields of value of the con- application. The development and building costs are high, which to judge results. The con- solidated results of your com- military use, They include land and amphibious sports machines, in some measure the endless flying-pallet riding toys, am- struggle to operate these craft phibious commuter vehicles, and as economic units at th$r sub-sonic transit trains capable present level of development.
    [Show full text]
  • Hovering Craft & Hydrofoil Magazine: Hovershow 1966
    uuuw british hovercraft corporation YEOVll ENGLAND MAY1966 VOL 5, NO 8 Editor : JUANITA KALERGHI HOVERING CRAFT AND HYDROFOIL is produced by Kalerghi Publzcations, 50-52 Blandford Street, London, PVI. Telephone WELbeck 8678. Printed in Great Britain by Villiers Publications, London, NW5. Annual subscrip- tion: Five Guineas UK and equivalent overseas. USA and Canada $15. There are twelve issues annually. Contents of this issue are the copyright of Kalerghi Publicatiorzs. Permission lo reproduce pictures and text can be granted only under written agreement. Extracts HOVER/NG CRAFT or comments may be made with due acknowledgemelzt to Hovering Craft and Hydrofoil. ADVERTJSING REPRESENTATIVES & HYDROFOIL GREAT BRITAIN & EUROPE: International Graplzic Press Ltd, 2 Dyers Buildings, London, ECI; JAPAN: Japan Trade Service Ltd, Masami Building, 1-30 Kandn FOUNDED OCTOBER 1961 Jimbocho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan; HOLLAND: 6. Arnold Teesing, Amsterdam-2, Rubensstvaat 68, Holland First Hovering Craft & tiydrofoil Monthly in the World OVERSHOW 66" marks the coming of age of a great British bilities and to bring manufacturers and prospective buyers "Hindustry. We salq,te it in this issue with a survey of hover- together. craft from infancy to maturity. Almost everyone who has con- So far as hovercraft are concerned it is already plain that tributed to the industry's success is here given his due tribute, the opportunities are rich. It was in 1962 that the Export not to flatter, but to give perspective to the story of a British Services Branch first gave its overseas officers a full briefing invention which will have a proud place in the annals of trans- on the industry's potential.
    [Show full text]