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Hovercraft: Possibilidades Em Meio Ao

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Hovercraft: Possibilidades Em Meio Ao 1 CENTRO DE INSTRUÇÃO ALMIRANTE GRAÇA ARANHA – CIAGA MONOGRAFIA DE CONCLUSÃO DO CURSO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO PARA OFICIAIS DE MÁQUINAS – APMA HOVERCRAFT: POSSIBILIDADES EM MEIO AO CAOS VIÁRIO ADRIANO JOSÉ MENESES BEZERRA ORIENTADOR: LUIZ OTÁVIO R. CARNEIRO MAIO 2012 2 CENTRO DE INSTRUÇÃO ALMIRANTE GRAÇA ARANHA – CIAGA MONOGRAFIA DE CONCLUSÃO DO CURSO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO PARA OFICIAIS DE MÁQUINAS – APMA HOVERCRAFT: POSSIBILIDADES EM MEIO AO CAOS VIÁRIO ________________________________________ ADRIANO JOSÉ MENESES BEZERRA ORIENTADOR: LUIZ OTÁVIO R. CARNEIRO MAIO 2012 As opiniões expressas neste trabalho são de exclusiva responsabilidade do autor 3 Dedico esta dissertação à minha esposa Ana Paula e meu filho Mark, que tiveram paciência nos meus momentos de ausência por estar realizando este trabalho. 4 AGRADECIMENTOS Primeiramente aos meus pais, que investiram na minha educação desde o início. Sem a base que eles me proporcionaram certamente não teria chegado tão longe. À minha família, que soube apoiar-me na minha ausência tantas vezes, por estar ocupado em estudos voltados para a realização deste trabalho. Aproveito a oportunidade para agradecer a todos os professores que me ajudaram na minha formação profissional, desde os tempos da antiga Escola Técnica Federal de Penambuco, onde tive os primeiros contatos com esta incrível máquina chamada Hovercraft. E, por fim aos orientadores da Escola de Formação de Oficiais da Marinha Mercante de Belém e do Rio de Janeiro, por contribuirem com a minha formação de Oficial de Máquinas. 5 RESUMO O presente trabalho pretende abordar algumas aplicações inovadoras da embarcação anfíbia denominada ‘Hovercraft’. São cinco idéias básicas, adaptadas de conceitos já existentes, todas focadas num só propósito, que é a melhoria das condições de deslocamento da população, no caso específico para a cidade do Rio de Janeiro, utilizando-se da sua costa e da Baía de Guanabara. Novas possibilidades que venham a contribuir para minizar o caos viário que perpetra as grandes cidades são sempre bem-vindas. E, não tendo quase mais opções de se aumentarem ruas e avenidas por terra, vem a ser abordadas possibilidades que se têm em se recorrer a uma estrada que já está pronta, que é a àgua. Neste contexto vem a ser inserido o hovercraft, como um dos meios de transporte mais viáveis no cenário a ser apresentado. São inúmeras suas vantagens, mas, talvez, a maior seja ligada à sua própria concepção, que é a de ser uma embarcação anfíbia. 6 ABSTRACT This study aims to explain about some inovate applications which can be done by the anfibious vehicle ‘Hovercraft’. There are five basic ideas, adapted from previous concecpts, all focused in only one goal: ‘the improvement of displacement conditions for the people’, in this case for all Rio de Janeiro metropolis, using its coast and its Guanabara Bay. New possibilities which comes to contribute for minimize the caotic traffic settled on the downtown streets and surroundings areas nowadays are always well accepted. And, almost there aren´t options to increase the existent streets and avenues on shore, so, because this, comes to be presented here new possibilities to use the one of oldest and ready streets in the World: ‘the water’. In this context is inserted the Hovercraft, as one of more viable vehicle for this scenario. There are innumerable advantages it has, but, pehaps the biggest is linked with its own conception, which is to be an anfibious vessel. 7 SÍMBOLOS, ABREVIATURAS, SIGLAS E CONVENÇÕES US United States GB Grã Bretanha NRDC National Research Development Corporation SRN Saunders Roe Nautic ACV Air Cushion Vehicle LCAC Landing Craft Air Cushion IBGE Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística BID Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento ANTAQ Agência Nacional de Transporte Aquaviário SMTU Superintendência Municipal de Transportes Urbanos CONERJ Companhia de Navegação do Estado do Rio de Janeiro INFRAERO Empresa Brasileira de Infra-Estrutura Aeroportuária INTO Instituto Nacional de Traumatologia e Ortopedia CDRJ Companhia Docas do Rio de Janeiro 8 ÍNDICE INTRODUÇÃO.....................................................................................................................................................13 . CAPÍTULO 1 – HISTÓRIA DO HOVERCRAFT..............................................................................................15 I.1 – ÁGUA: UMA ANTIGA ESTRADA..............................................................................................................15 I.2 – QUEBRANDO A BARREIRA DA ÁGUA...................................................................................................15 I.3 - 1700 - 1900: A GÊNESE DOS AERODESLIZADORES..............................................................................16 I.4 - 1900 - 1950: A EVOLUÇÃO DOS AERODESLIZADORES.......................................................................18 I.5 - 1950 - 1964: O NASCIMENTO DA INDÚSTRIA DO VEÍCULO A COLCHÃO DE AR/ HOVERCRAFT........................................................................................................................................................21 I.6 – O DESENVOLVIMENTO DA INDÚSTRIA DE HOVERCRAFTS PESADOS..........................................24 I.7 – O DESENVOLVIMENTO DA INDÚSTRIA DE HOVERCRAFTS LEVES................................................25 I.7.1 - Primeira Corrida do Mundo de Hovercrafts.................................................................................26 I.7.2 - Desenvolvimento do Hovercraft de Pequeno Porte na Austrália..................................................26 I.7.3 - Desenvolvimento do Hovercraft de Pequeno Porte na América do Norte.....................................28 I.7.4 - Desenvolvimento do Hovercraft de Pequeno Porte na Grã-Bretanha...........................................29 I.8 – O QUE É UM HOVERCRAFT? ....................................................................................................................29 I.9 – CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS .........................................................................................................................33 I.9 - O Futuro do hovercraft ....................................................................................................................33 CAPÍTULO II – CONSTRUÇÃO E CARACTERÍSTICAS TÉCNICAS DOS HOVERCRAFTS....................................................................................................................................................35 II.1 – TENDÊNCIAS TÉCNICAS DOS HOVERCRAFTS DE PEQUENO PORTE.............................................35 II.1.1 – Motores.........................................................................................................................................35 II.1.2 – Ventilações e Hélices....................................................................................................................36 II.1.3 – Transmissões de Energia..............................................................................................................38 II.1.4 – Controles......................................................................................................................................38 II.1.5 – Saias.............................................................................................................................................40 II.1.6 – Estruturas.....................................................................................................................................41 II.2 – EVOLUÇÃO DOS HOVERCRAFTS………………………………………………………………………….......41 9 II.2.1 - NRDC SRN1 (Saunders Roe Nautical One)……………………………………………………………41 II.2.2 - Vickers Armstrong Corp. VA-3 (British United Airways)……………………………………………43 II.2.3 - Saunders Roe SRN2 (Saunders Roe Nautical Two)………………………………………………..…44 II.2.4 - Westland Aerospace Ltd. /BHC SRN3……………………………………………………………….…45 II.2.5 - BHC/Saunders Roe SRN4 Mountbatten Class (Hoverlloyd, Seaspeed: Hoverspeed)…………....46 II.2.6 - BHC SRN5 “Warden” Class………………………………………………………………………….…49 II.2.7 - BHC/ Saunders Roe SRN6 “Winchester” Class……………………………………………………....50 II.2.8 - BHC BH.7 Wellington Class…………………………………………………………………………….52 II.2.9 - Hovermarine HM-2 Sidewall Hovercraft……………………………………………………………...53 II.2.10 - Vosper Thornycroft VT-2............................................................................................................54 II.2.11 - SEDAM N500 Naviplane.............................................................................................................55 II.2.12 - Hoverwork/BHC/NRDC AP1-88 (AP1-88/80 e AP1-88/100)……………………………………..56 II.2.13 - Air Vehicles Tiger 12 – Operated by Hovercraft Rentals………………………………………….58 II.2.14 - Hoverwork BHT-130 (British Hovercraft Technology-130)……………………………………….60 II.2.15 - Hovercraft de Lazer / Comercial / Resgate / Militar .................................................................61 CAPÍTULO III – RIO DE JANEIRO: UMA GIGANTE MARAVILHOSA.................................................69 III.1 – UMA ANTIGA HISTÓRIA COM O MAR................................................................................................69 III.2 – BAÍA DE GUANABARA: REFERÊNCIA HISTÓRICA .........................................................................70 III.3 – DADOS ESTATÍSTICOS SOBRE MOVIMENTAÇÃO DE PESSOAS ATRAVÉS/ OU NOS ARREDORES DA BAÍA DE GUANABARA.......................................................................................................73 III.3.1 – Terrestre......................................................................................................................................73
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