Browns Canyon National Monument
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1 1 This page intentionally left blank. 1 Browns Canyon National Monument 2 Management Plan – Environmental 3 Impact Statement 4 Planning Assessment Report 5 FINAL 6 Prepared by 7 U.S. Department of the Interior 8 Bureau of Land Management 9 Royal Gorge Field Office 10 Cañon City, Colorado 11 and 12 13 U.S. Department of Agriculture 14 Forest Service 15 Pike and San Isabel National Forests & Cimarron and Comanche National 16 Grasslands 17 Salida, Colorado 18 February 2018 19 1 This page intentionally left blank. 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 2 1.0 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................. 1 3 1.1 Overview of Browns Canyon National Monument ................................................ 1 4 1.1.1 Proclamation 9232 ...................................................................................... 1 5 1.1.2 Overview of Resources, Objects, and Values ............................................. 1 6 1.2 Management Plan Background ............................................................................... 3 7 1.2.1 Management Planning Framework ............................................................. 3 8 1.2.2 Mandates and Authorities ........................................................................... 5 9 1.2.3 Process Participants .................................................................................... 5 10 1.2.4 Planning Process Overview ........................................................................ 5 11 1.3 Description of Planning Area and Decision Area ................................................... 7 12 1.4 Purpose of the Planning Assessment ...................................................................... 9 13 1.4.1 Best Available Scientific Information ........................................................ 9 14 1.5 Overview of Drivers and Stressors ....................................................................... 11 15 1.5.1 Climate Change ......................................................................................... 11 16 1.5.2 Pests and Wildfire ..................................................................................... 11 17 1.5.3 Surface Disturbing Activities .................................................................... 12 18 1.5.4 Increased Public Access and Recreation Use ........................................... 12 19 1.6 Overview of Existing Management Direction ...................................................... 12 20 2.0 ECOSYSTEMS, RESOURCES, CONDITIONS, AND TRENDS ............................. 24 21 2.1 Resources .............................................................................................................. 24 22 2.1.1 Air Quality ................................................................................................ 24 23 2.1.2 Climate ...................................................................................................... 35 24 2.1.3 Geology and Minerals ............................................................................... 45 25 2.1.4 Paleontological Resources ........................................................................ 56 26 2.1.5 Soils and Watersheds ................................................................................ 61 27 2.1.6 Water Resources (Surface, Ground, and Floodplains) .............................. 75 28 2.1.7 Terrestrial Vegetation ............................................................................... 81 29 2.1.8 Wildland Fire Ecology .............................................................................. 96 30 2.1.9 Wetlands and Riparian Resources .......................................................... 103 31 2.1.10 Aquatic Wildlife ...................................................................................... 113 32 2.1.11 Terrestrial and Avian Wildlife ................................................................ 118 33 2.1.12 Special Status Species ............................................................................. 133 34 2.1.13 Cultural Resources .................................................................................. 151 35 2.1.14 Tribal Concerns ....................................................................................... 157 36 2.1.15 Visual Resources ..................................................................................... 160 37 2.1.16 Lands with Wilderness Characteristics ................................................... 171 38 2.2 Resource Uses ..................................................................................................... 174 39 2.2.1 Recreation (including SRMA) ................................................................ 174 Browns Canyon National Monument MP-EIS i Final Planning Assessment 1 2.2.2 Travel and Transportation Management ................................................. 198 2 2.2.3 Range and Livestock Grazing ................................................................. 207 3 2.2.4 Land Use Authorizations, Rights-of-Way and Withdrawals .................. 217 4 2.3 Special Designations (ACEC, WSR, WSA, Roadless Areas) ............................ 223 5 2.3.1 Assessment Area ..................................................................................... 224 6 2.3.2 Best Available Scientific Information .................................................... 224 7 2.3.3 Limitations/Data Gaps ............................................................................ 225 8 2.3.4 Existing Conditions and Trends .............................................................. 225 9 2.3.5 Existing Management Direction ............................................................. 228 10 2.3.6 Needs for Change and Management Opportunities ................................ 230 11 3.0 CONSISTENCY WITH OTHER PLANS AND COOPERATING 12 AGENCIES .................................................................................................................... 232 13 3.1 Potential Cooperating Agencies .......................................................................... 232 14 3.1.1 Potential Federal Agency Cooperators ................................................... 232 15 3.1.2 Potential State Agency Cooperators ....................................................... 232 16 3.1.3 Potential County Cooperators ................................................................. 233 17 3.1.4 Potential Community Cooperators .......................................................... 233 18 3.1.5 Potential Tribal Cooperators ................................................................... 233 19 3.1.6 Other Potential Cooperators .................................................................... 233 20 3.1.7 Government to Government Consultation .............................................. 234 21 4.0 SPECIFIC MANDATES AND AUTHORITY ........................................................... 235 22 4.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 235 23 4.1.1 Federal Regulatory Context .................................................................... 235 24 5.0 LIST OF PREPARERS ................................................................................................ 242 25 APPENDIX A – ROV TABLE................................................................................................. A-1 26 APPENDIX B – SPECIES CONSIDERED FOR U.S. FOREST SERVICE SPECIES 27 OF CONSERVATION CONCERN STATUS............................................................ B-1 28 APPENDIX C – USFS FEDERAL REGISTER NOTICE OF INTENT TO START 29 BROWNS CANYON NATIONAL MONUMENT PLAN ASSESSMENT 30 PHASE ........................................................................................................................... C-1 31 APPENDIX D – USFS AND BLM CORRELATION OF TERMS AND 32 PROCESSES ................................................................................................................. D-1 33 34 LIST OF FIGURES 35 Figure 1-1 Browns Canyon National Monument and Arkansas River Valley Context Map ......... 4 36 Figure 1-2 Existing Management Direction ................................................................................. 13 37 Figure 2-1 Air Quality Study Area ............................................................................................... 31 38 Figure 2-2 Visibility Trends for White River National Forest ..................................................... 32 39 Figure 2-3 Nitrogen (N) and Sulfur (S) Deposition Trends for Gunnison National Forest .......... 33 40 Figure 2-4 Colorado Statewide Annual Temperature, 1900-2012 ................................................ 41 Browns Canyon National Monument MP-EIS ii Final Planning Assessment 1 Figure 2-5 Projected Annual Temperature and Precipitation Changes for the Western 2 U.S. Under a Medium-Low Emissions Scenario for 2050 ................................... 43 3 Figure 2-6 Geological Formations in Browns Canyon National Monument ................................ 50 4 Figure 2-7 Soil Resources within the BCNM (BLM 2017) .......................................................... 65 5 Figure 2-8 Watershed Boundaries and Streams within the BCNM .............................................. 69 6 Figure 2-9 Existing Vegetation within the National Monument Boundary BCNM ..................... 87 7 Figure 2-10 Planning Area Waters within the National Monument Boundary BCNM ............