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Federalism and Political Problems in Nigeria Thes Is
/V4/0 FEDERALISM AND POLITICAL PROBLEMS IN NIGERIA THES IS Presented to the Graduate Council of the North Texas State University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS By Olayiwola Abegunrin, B. S, Denton, Texas August, 1975 Abegunrin, Olayiwola, Federalism and PoliticalProblems in Nigeria. Master of Arts (Political Science), August, 1975, 147 pp., 4 tables, 5 figures, bibliography, 75 titles. The purpose of this thesis is to examine and re-evaluate the questions involved in federalism and political problems in Nigeria. The strategy adopted in this study is historical, The study examines past, recent, and current literature on federalism and political problems in Nigeria. Basically, the first two chapters outline the historical background and basis of Nigerian federalism and political problems. Chapters three and four consider the evolution of federal- ism, political problems, prospects of federalism, self-govern- ment, and attainment of complete independence on October 1, 1960. Chapters five and six deal with the activities of many groups, crises, military coups, and civil war. The conclusions and recommendations candidly argue that a decentralized federal system remains the safest way for keeping Nigeria together stably. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES0.0.0........................iv LIST OF FIGURES . ..... 8.............v Chapter I. THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND .1....... Geography History The People Background to Modern Government II. THE BASIS OF NIGERIAN POLITICS......32 The Nature of Politics Cultural Factors The Emergence of Political Parties Organization of Political Parties III. THE RISE OF FEDERALISM AND POLITICAL PROBLEMS IN NIGERIA. ....... 50 Towards a Federation Constitutional Developments The North Against the South IV. -
Nigeria's Constitution of 1999
PDF generated: 26 Aug 2021, 16:42 constituteproject.org Nigeria's Constitution of 1999 This complete constitution has been generated from excerpts of texts from the repository of the Comparative Constitutions Project, and distributed on constituteproject.org. constituteproject.org PDF generated: 26 Aug 2021, 16:42 Table of contents Preamble . 5 Chapter I: General Provisions . 5 Part I: Federal Republic of Nigeria . 5 Part II: Powers of the Federal Republic of Nigeria . 6 Chapter II: Fundamental Objectives and Directive Principles of State Policy . 13 Chapter III: Citizenship . 17 Chapter IV: Fundamental Rights . 20 Chapter V: The Legislature . 28 Part I: National Assembly . 28 A. Composition and Staff of National Assembly . 28 B. Procedure for Summoning and Dissolution of National Assembly . 29 C. Qualifications for Membership of National Assembly and Right of Attendance . 32 D. Elections to National Assembly . 35 E. Powers and Control over Public Funds . 36 Part II: House of Assembly of a State . 40 A. Composition and Staff of House of Assembly . 40 B. Procedure for Summoning and Dissolution of House of Assembly . 41 C. Qualification for Membership of House of Assembly and Right of Attendance . 43 D. Elections to a House of Assembly . 45 E. Powers and Control over Public Funds . 47 Chapter VI: The Executive . 50 Part I: Federal Executive . 50 A. The President of the Federation . 50 B. Establishment of Certain Federal Executive Bodies . 58 C. Public Revenue . 61 D. The Public Service of the Federation . 63 Part II: State Executive . 65 A. Governor of a State . 65 B. Establishment of Certain State Executive Bodies . -
Legislators on Executive-Branch Boards Are Unconstitutional, Period
LEGISLATORS ON EXECUTIVE-BRANCH BOARDS ARE UNCONSTITUTIONAL, PERIOD Douglas Laycock* Forthcoming in WILLIAM & MARY BILL OF RIGHTS JOURNAL volume 28 ABSTRACT The Virginia General Assembly has enacted increasingly frequent exceptions to its statute prohibiting legislators from serving on executive-branch boards. But these exceptions are clearly unconstitutional. Appointing legislators to executive- branch boards violates any meaningful conception of separation of powers. The only purpose is to intrude legislative influence into the daily workings of the executive branch. Such appointments violate Virginia’s Separation of Powers Clause as interpreted by the Virginia Supreme Court. They even more clearly violate what I will call the Personal Separation Clause, which prohibits any person from exercising the powers of two branches of government at the same time. The *Robert E. Scott Distinguished Professor of Law and Professor of Religious Studies, University of Virginia, and Alice McKean Young Regents Chair in Law Emeritus, University of Texas. I am grateful to A.E. Dick Howard for helpful comments on an earlier draft and to James Hasson for research assistance. All websites cited were last visited on September 9, 2019. An earlier version of this Article circulated anonymously. I wrote anonymously because my wife was at that time President of the University of Virginia. I was unwilling to run the risk that any legislator or government official might blame her or the University for what I wrote, or that any such official might assume that she or the University put me up to writing it. I kept the project entirely secret from her; I wanted her to have not just plausible deniability, but actual, truthful, and absolute deniability. -
The Theory of Separation of Powers in Nigeria: an Assessment
An International Multidisciplinary Journal, Ethiopia Vol. 6 (3), Serial No. 26, July, 2012 ISSN 1994-9057 (Print) ISSN 2070--0083 (Online) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/afrrev.v6i3.9 The Theory of Separation of Powers in Nigeria: An Assessment (Pp. 127-134) Ogoloma, Fineface - Institute of Foundation Studies, Rivers State University of Science and Technology P. M. B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria E-mail: [email protected]. Abstract The Theory of Separation of Powers means that, a different body of persons is to administer each of the three departments of government. That no one of them is to have a controlling power over either of the others. For the purpose of preserving the liberty of the individual and for avoiding tyranny separation of powers is necessary. In Nigeria, how has this theory been effective either during the military rules or the civilian administrations? This study is going to examine the working of separation of powers in Nigeria. Introduction The guarantee of liberty in any given government to the people is the practice of the theory of separation of powers. This theory according to Gettel, implies that, the three functions of the government ―should be performed by different bodies of persons; each department (the legislature, the executive and judiciary) limited to its own sphere of action, and within that sphere should be independent and supreme (Chaturvedi; 2006:282). The theory of separation of powers is predicated on the premise that, if a single group holds all the three powers of the government, they are bound to have unlimited powers. -
General Assembly Distr.: General 22 January 2021
United Nations A/AC.109/2021/2 General Assembly Distr.: General 22 January 2021 Original: English Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples Anguilla Working paper prepared by the Secretariat Contents Page The Territory at a glance ......................................................... 3 I. Constitutional, legal and political issues ............................................ 4 II. Budget ....................................................................... 5 III. Economic conditions ............................................................ 6 A. General ................................................................... 6 B. Tourism .................................................................. 7 C. Financial services .......................................................... 7 D. Agriculture and fisheries .................................................... 8 E. Infrastructure .............................................................. 9 F. Transportation and communications ........................................... 9 IV. Social conditions ............................................................... 10 A. General ................................................................... 10 B. Education ................................................................. 10 C. Public health .............................................................. 11 D. Crime and public safety .................................................... -
From Grassroots to the Airwaves Paying for Political Parties And
FROM GRASSROOTS TO THE AIRWAVES: Paying for Political Parties and Campaigns in the Caribbean OAS Inter-American Forum on Political Parties Editors Steven Griner Daniel Zovatto Published by Organization of American States (OAS) International IDEA Washington, D.C. 2005 © Organization of American States (OAS) © International IDEA First Edition, August, 2005 1,000 copies Washinton, D.C. The opinions expressed in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the Organization of American States or the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance. Editors: Steven Griner Daniel Zovatto ISBN 0-8270-7856-4 Layout by: Compudiseño - Guatemala, C.A. Printed by: Impresos Nítidos - Guatemala, C.A. September, 2005. Acknowledgements This publication is the result of a joint effort by the Office for the Promotion of Democracy of the Organization of American States, and by International IDEA under the framework of the Inter-American Forum on Political Parties. The Inter-American Forum on Political Parties was established in 2001 to fulfill the mandates of the Inter-American Democratic Charter and the Summit of the Americas related to the strengthening and modernization of political parties. In both instruments, the Heads of State and Government noted with concern the high cost of elections and called for work to be done in this field. This study attempts to address this concern. The overall objective of this study was to provide a comparative analysis of the 34 member states of the OAS, assessing not only the normative framework of political party and campaign financing, but also how legislation is actually put into practice. -
Anguilla-Benchmarks-Report-2020.Pdf
ANGUILLA COMMONWEALTH PARLIAMENTARY ASSOCIATION BENCHMARKS FOR DEMOCRATIC LEGISLATURES FINAL REPORT CONTENTS SUMMARY i BACKGROUND 1 POLITICAL CONTEXT 2 ELECTIONS 4 INFRASTRUCTURE, ORGANISATION AND MANAGEMENT 5 COMMITTEES 9 POLITICAL PARTIES & OPPOSITION 10 PARLIAMENTARY SERVICE 11 FUNCTIONS AND PROCESS OF THE LEGISLATURE 12 OVERSIGHT FUNCTIONS 14 REPRESENTATIONAL FUNCTIONS 15 ACCESSIBILITY, OPENNESS AND ENGAGEMENT 16 ETHICAL GOVERNANCE 18 CONSOLIDATED LIST OF RECOMMENDATIONS 19 SUMMARY The Clerk of the House and his team should be commended for the tremendous efforts and dedication taken to improve the administration and procedural processes of the House of Assembly. However, it is extremely concerning that overall the Assembly fails to meet the majority of Recommended Benchmarks for Democratic Legislatures. The Assembly remains handicapped by its limited access to financial and administrative resources, outdated Standing Orders, poor public engagement and little to no transparency or independence. The existing parliamentary services are wholly inadequate to meet current or future requirements. Although the House of Assembly is a relatively new body, this should be deemed a factor, but not an excuse for its current situation. Whereas there is optimism that improvements may result as part of the ongoing constitutional reform process, this is insufficient on its own to ensure the House of Assembly functions to a minimum standard. Nevertheless, the people of Anguilla demonstrate a drive and determination to strengthen their governance institutions and will seek to develop and enhance their ‘People’s House’. i BACKGROUND In 2018 the CPA completed a consultation and review process that resulted in the adoption of updated Recommended Benchmarks for Democratic Legislatures. The benchmarks provide a minimum standard and a guide on how a Parliament should be constituted and how it should function. -
The Meaning of the Seventeenth Amendment and a Century of State Defiance
Copyright 2013 by Northwestern University School of Law Printed in U.S.A. Northwestern University Law Review Vol. 107, No. 3 THE MEANING OF THE SEVENTEENTH AMENDMENT AND A CENTURY OF STATE DEFIANCE Zachary D. Clopton & Steven E. Art ABSTRACT—Nearly a century ago, the Seventeenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution worked a substantial change in American government, dictating that the people should elect their senators by popular vote. Despite its significance, there has been little written about what the Amendment means or how it works. This Article provides a comprehensive interpretation of the Seventeenth Amendment based on the text of the Amendment and a variety of other sources: historical and textual antecedents, relevant Supreme Court decisions, the complete debates in Congress, and the social and political factors that led to this new constitutional provision. Among other things, this analysis reveals that the Amendment requires states to fill Senate vacancies by holding elections, whether or not they first fill those vacancies by making temporary appointments. In so doing, the Seventeenth Amendment guarantees that the people’s right to vote for senators is protected in all circumstances. Using this interpretation as a baseline, this Article reviews state practice with respect to the filling of vacancies under the Seventeenth Amendment. Since the Amendment was adopted in 1913, there have been 244 vacancies in the U.S. Senate. In one-sixth of these cases, the states have directly violated the Seventeenth Amendment’s core requirement that senators be elected by popular vote by failing to hold any election. In addition, in many more cases the states have significantly delayed the required elections. -
T H E C Itizen's Gu Id E
The Citizen’s Guide to the Alberta Legislature Ninth Edition Where did builders find the marble for the Legislature Building? How is an American state Legislature different from our provincial Legislature? What happens during a typical legislative session? This booklet is designed to address these and many to theto Alberta Legislature other questions related to the history, traditions and procedures of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta. The booklet also contains review questions and answers as well as a glossary of parliamentary terminology. THE CITIZEN’S GUIDE NINTH EDITION © 2016 Table of Contents 1. The Foundation 1 The Parliamentary System in Alberta 2 A Constitutional Monarchy 6 The Levels of Government 10 Two Styles of Governing: Provincial and State Legislatures 14 2. Representing the People 17 The Provincial General Election 18 You and Your MLA 22 Executive Council 29 3. Rules and Traditions 31 Symbols and Ceremonies: The Mace and the Black Rod 32 The Speaker 36 Parliamentary Procedure 39 4. Getting the Business Done 41 How the Assembly Works 42 Taking Part 46 Making Alberta’s Laws 50 Putting Your Tax Dollars to Work 54 The Legislative Assembly Office 57 It’s All in Hansard 60 5. The Building and Its Symbols 63 The Legislature Building 64 The Emblems of Alberta 68 The Legislative Assembly Brand 71 Glossary 73 Index 81 Study Questions 93 Study Questions 94 Answer Key 104 Selected Bibliography 109 The contents of this publication reflect the practices and procedures of the Legislative Assembly as of January 1, 2016. Readers are advised to check with the Legislative Assembly Office to ensure that the information as it relates to parliamentary practice within the Legislative Assembly is up to date. -
Members' Parliamentary Guide
Members’ Parliamentary Guide May 2019 Members’ Parliamentary Guide House of Assembly - Newfoundland & Labrador FEBRUARY 2021 This version is dated February 2021. For the most current version, visit: www.assembly.nl.ca/Members Members’ Parliamentary Guide February 2021 Members’ Guide to TableResources of Contents & Members’ Role in the House of Assembly ...................................... 1 Allowance Structures of Legislature ................................................................... 2 Standing Orders .............................................................................. 3 May 2019 General Assembly ........................................................................... 3 Session......................................................................................... 4 Sitting .......................................................................................... 4 Parliamentary Calendar .............................................................. 4 Daily Sittings ................................................................................ 5 Recess .......................................................................................... 5 Quorum ....................................................................................... 6 Adjournment (Sitting) ................................................................. 6 Prorogation ................................................................................. 6 Dissolution.................................................................................. -
Separation of Powers: the Phenomenon of Legislative Courts
Indiana Law Journal Volume 42 Issue 2 Article 1 Winter 1967 Separation of Powers: The Phenomenon of Legislative Courts Edwin H. Greenebaum University of Arkansas W. Willard Wirtz U.S. Labor Department Follow this and additional works at: https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ilj Part of the Courts Commons, and the Legislation Commons Recommended Citation Greenebaum, Edwin H. and Wirtz, W. Willard (1967) "Separation of Powers: The Phenomenon of Legislative Courts," Indiana Law Journal: Vol. 42 : Iss. 2 , Article 1. Available at: https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ilj/vol42/iss2/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law School Journals at Digital Repository @ Maurer Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Indiana Law Journal by an authorized editor of Digital Repository @ Maurer Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INDIANA LAW JOURNAL Volume 42 Winter 1967 Number 2 SEPARATION OF POWERS: THE PHENOMENON OF LEGISLATIVE COURTS EDWIN H. GREENEBAUM t W. WILLARD WIRTZ t Federal legislative courts are tribunals which hear, decide, and ren- der binding judgments in "cases" and "controversies" which may be constitutionally entertained by courts established pursuant to the third article of the Constitution,' but whose judges do not enjoy the salary and tenure guaranties provided by article III. These tribunals sometimes act in non-judicial ways, performing legislatively assigned tasks which cannot be performed by article III courts, but when legislative courts do act in a judicial manner their judgments are directly reviewable by the Supreme Court.2 The Supreme Court has recognized the constitu- tional existence of such tribunals in several cases,' but the opinions in those cases have not produced clarity as to how legislative courts can be permitted in a government with a constitutional separation of powers or as to whether there are any constitutional limitations on what matters Congress may entrust to legislative courts to the exclusion of any orig- inal juridiction in article III or state courts. -
Election Contests
CHAPTER 9 Election Contests A. In General § 1. Constitutional Provisions; Historical Background § 2. Contested Election Laws § 3. State or Local Election Boards B. Jurisdiction and Powers § 4. The House § 5. Election Committees § 6. The Clerk; Transmittal of Papers § 7. The Courts C. Grounds of Contest § 8. Generally § 9. Faulty Credentials; Citizenship § 10. Violation of Federal or State Election Laws § 11. Improper Attempts to Influence or Confuse Voters § 12. Voting Booth and Balloting Irregularities D. Defenses § 13. Generally § 14. Contestant’s Credentials and Qualifications § 15. Abatement § 16. Limitations and Laches E. Practice and Procedure § 17. Alternatives to Statutory Election Contests § 18. Commencing the Contest Commentary and editing by John Theodore Fee, J.D. 963 Ch. 9 DESCHLER’S PRECEDENTS § 19. Parties F. Notice of Contest § 20. Generally; Time § 21. Service of Notice § 22. Form and Contents of Notice G. Pleading § 23. Generally § 24. Answer § 25. Motion to Dismiss § 26. Motion for More Definite Statement H. Taking of Testimony; Depositions § 27. Generally; Time § 28. Examination of Parties and Witnesses § 29. Scope of Examination; Objections § 30. Subpenas § 31. Affidavits I. Committee Hearing and Review; Dismissal and With- drawal § 32. Generally; Preparation of Briefs § 33. Dismissal and Withdrawal of Contest J. Evidence § 34. Generally § 35. Burden of Proof § 36. Presumptions § 37. Ballots § 38. Determination of Voter Intention K. Inspection and Recount of Ballots § 39. Generally § 40. Grounds 964 ELECTION CONTESTS Ch. 9 § 41. Procedure L. Disposition of Contests; Resolutions § 42. Generally § 43. Committee Reports § 44. Form of Resolutions § 45. Costs and Expenses; Compensation and Allow- ances M. Summaries of Election Contests, 1931–72 § 46.