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Published Published monthly monthly by by the the National National Committee, Committee, Communist Communist Party, Party, U.S.A. U.S.A.

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And And Other Other Articles Articles

Congressional Congressional Calendar Calendar . . January, January, 1939 1939

The The New New South South Speaks Speaks . . Rob Rob Hall Hall

Labor Labor Agrees Agrees on on Legislation Legislation . . Alan Alan Max Max

A A Progressive Progressive Tax Tax Program Program . . John John Page Page

A A Review Review of of the the Wagner Wagner Act Act W.D.C. W.D.C.

W.P.A. W.P.A. and and Recovery Recovery Roger Roger Bacon Bacon

The The Monopoly Monopoly Investigation Investigation David David Ramsey Ramsey

Armaments Armaments and and Peace Peace • • Earl Earl Browder Browder

The The Un-American Un-American Dies Dies Committee Committee Milton Milton Howard Howard

The The 76th 76th Congress Congress . . An An Editorial Editorial

JANUARY JANUARY CONTENTS CONTENTS

A A SURVEY SURVEY OF OF POLITICS POLITICS AND AND LEGISLATION LEGISLATION

NATIONAL NATIONAL ISSUES ISSUES

A A NEW NEW MAGAZINE- VOL XVIII," No. 1 JANUARY, 1939 7he COMMUNIST A MAGAZINE OF THE THEORY AND PRACTICE OF MARXISM-LENINISM PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF THE U.S.A. EDITORS: EARL BROWDER, ALEX BITTELMAN, V. ]. JEROME

CONTENTS

Review of the Month . A. B •• 3

Mastery of Theory and Methods of Work EARL BROWDER (Concluding speech, December meeting, National Committee, C.P.U.S.A.)

Lenin-His Meaning for Us Today ROBERT MINOR 25 Lenin and the American Revolutionary Heritage . RUDY BAKER 35

Isolationist Defeatism! WILLIAM Z. FOSTER 40

A Year of Memorable Anniversaries ALEX BITTELMAN • 48 The Southern Conference for Human Welfare . ROB F. HALL • · • 57 The Democratic Front and the Northwest Elections MORRIS RAPORT 66 An Analysis of the Ohio Elections-What Next? JOHN WILLIAMSON 76

Book Reviews ISRAEL AMTER 82 Index-Volume XVII, 1938

Entered as second class matter November 2, I927, at the Post Office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of March ;, I879· Send checks, money orders and correspondence to THE CoMMUNIST, P. 0. Box I48, Sta. D (50 E. IJth St.), New York. Subscription rates: $2.00 a year; $I.oo for six months; foreign and Canada $2.50 a year. Single copies 20 cents.

Pa.INTID lJI \J.S.A, ~ JOlJ FIFTEEH. YEARS SIHCE THE DEATH OF LEHIH • LENIN, by Joseph Stalin______------IOc

LENIN: ON THE JEWISH QUESTION______------5c LENIN: ON THE WOMAN QUESTION ______------5c

LENIN: A LETTER TO AMERICAN WORKERS ______..___ 3c

LENIN AND SPAIN, by Earl Browder ______------lc LENIN: ON THE EVE OF OCTOBER______5c

THE LENIN HERITAGE, by Joseph Stalin ______------3c

LENIN: WOMEN AND SOCIETY______IOc

LENIN: IMPERIALISM ------30c

LENIN: STATE AND REVOLUTION------IOc

LENIN: "LEFT-WING" COMMUNISM ------25c LENIN: THE TEACHINGS OF KARL MARK______15c

FOUNDATIONS OF LENINISM, by Joseph Stalin ______,______IOc

DAYS WITH LENIN, by Maxim Gorky______25c

MEMORIES OF LENIN, by N. K. Krupskaya, 2 volumes, each______75c • Order from your local bookshop or from

WORKERS LIBRARY PUBLISHERS

P. 0. Box 148, Station D New York, N.Y. REVIEW OF THE MONTH

On the Fifteenth Anniversary of Lenin's Death. Studying the Living Science of Marxism-Leninism. Prepare for Book of zoo,ooo Copies. Browder's Report to National Committee on Social and National Security. Chamber of Commerce Wants Strictly Armaments. National Interests and National Betrayal. Who Will Defend Nation's Liberties1 Absolute Pacifism Spells Capitulation. The New York Post Is Only Mildly Surprised. Defending Nation and Defending Imperialism. Social Content of National In- terests. Democratic and Anti-fascist. Armaments and Guarantees. Who Dominates Republican Party1 Friction Within and Pressure From Below. To the Single Democratic Front for I940. Organizing Masses at the Bottom. Role of a Communist Branch: Lessons of France and Collective Security. A Book by ]ames W. Ford.

N THE twerity-first day of this mastery of this theory gives to the O month it will be fifteen years labor movement. since Lenin died. And although Lenin The National Committee of the and his teachings are always present Communist Party of the United States in our thoughts and deeds, the anni­ decided at its last plenary meeting, versary· of his death-the Lenin days held in New York City, December -serves as a fresh stimulus for deeper 3-5, 1938, upon the proposal of Com­ study of Mllrxism-Leninism and for rade Browder, to publish and distrib­ rededication to the cause which is ute a minimum of wo,ooo copies of guided by this theory. this book at a price not to exceed the Soon there will be available the . physical cost of production. At a price American edition of the History of which should enable the worker of the Communist Party of the Soviet the lowest income to acquire a copy of Union, prepared by the Central Com­ this book for individual use. To ac­ mittee of that Party with the closest quire it, to have it, to study it. Be­ collaboration of Comrade Stalin. And cause every worker will need it, espe­ this is very fortunate. For with this cially those who are active and book, the most authoritative exposi­ leading in the progressive mass move­ tion of the history and development ments of the people. of Leninism, as it were-Leninism in It will be the task and duty of the action-tens and perhaps hundreds of membership and organizations of the thousands in our country will have Communist Party in the coming the opportunity of studying Marxism­ months to organize and carry through Leninism at its very source and to the distribution of the minimum of gain the great advantages which the 1oo,ooo copies of this book. It will

pur- the the For For purpose? purpose? what what for for And And February, February, in in and and 1905 1905 in in However, However,

dogmas. dogmas. into into propositions propositions these these ing ing .. .. Lenin Lenin including including Marxists, Marxists,

transform­ by by obsolete obsolete become become have have among among prevailing prevailing question question the the on on

which which Marxism Marxism of of propositions propositions ual ual idea idea leading leading the the was was this this And And tariat. tariat.

individ­ certain certain onto onto hang hang us us make make to to prole­ the the of of dictatorship dictatorship the the of of form form

attempt attempt the the is is It It aware. aware. insufficiently insufficiently specific specific the the constitutes constitutes republic republic cratic cratic

are are we we which which of of one one and and portunism, portunism, demo­ the the that that 1891 1891 in in declaration declaration

op­ of of manifestation manifestation another another also also is is authoritative authoritative Engels' Engels' was was there there sides, sides,

there there Yet Yet familiar. familiar. well well pretty pretty become become Be­ forgotten. forgotten. be be to to allowed allowed thus thus was was

have have we we it it of of manifestation manifestation this this with with and and work work subsequent subsequent Marx's Marx's in in ment ment

and and course, course, of of opportunism, opportunism, is is This This develop­ further further find find not not did did idea idea this this

conclusions. conclusions. and and propositions propositions its its of of proletariat, proletariat, the the of of dictatorship dictatorship the the

some some of of or or whole whole a a as as theory theory Marxian Marxian for for form form political political appropriate appropriate most most

the the of of validity validity the the challenging challenging directly directly the the was was Commune Commune Paris Paris the the of of type type

through through appearance appearance its its makes makes nism nism the the of of form form political political the the that that 187o's, 187o's,

opportu­ that that so so always always not not is is It It the the in in already already indicated, indicated, had had Marx Marx

theory. theory. though though Even Even socialism. socialism. to to capitalism capitalism

Marxist Marxist the the enriching enriching and and forward. forward. from from transition transition of of period period the the for for form form

pushing pushing were were who who Lenin Lenin of of disciples disciples political political appropriate appropriate most most the the was was

other other the the and and Stalin Stalin was was it it Lenin, Lenin, republic republic democratic democratic parliamentary parliamentary

of of death death the the after after And And proletariat. proletariat. the the that that opinion opinion the the held held Marxists Marxists

the the of of struggle struggle class class the the of of conditions conditions 1917, 1917, February, February, in in Russia, Russia, in in tion tion

new new the the from from derived derived experience experience new new revolu­ bourgeois-democratic bourgeois-democratic second second

the the with with it it enriching enriching further, further, theory theory the the until until Up Up kind. kind. this this of of instances instances

Marxis; Marxis; the the moved moved who who Lenin Lenin was was it it outstanding outstanding two two minds minds our our to to brings brings

collaborator collaborator closest closest Marx's Marx's Engels, Engels, of of Union Union Soviet Soviet the the of of Party Party munist munist

death death the the After After science. science. growing growing and and Com­ the the of of history history the the of of study study A A

living living a a but but frozen, frozen, and and dead dead dogma, dogma, everywhere. everywhere. socialism socialism of of victory victory

a a not not is is Marxism Marxism For For earth. earth. the the eventual eventual the the to to and and progress progress to to guide guide

of of

one-sixth one-sixth on on

socialism socialism

of of victory victory indispensable indispensable the the actual, actual, and and alive alive

the the seen seen

has has

which which epoch epoch

the the in in tions, tions, young, young, day, day, present present our our society-to society-to

revolu­ proletarian proletarian and and imperialism imperialism in in class class advanced advanced most most the the class-of class-of

of of

epoch epoch the the

in in history, history,

world's world's the the of of working working the the of of science science revolutionary revolutionary

epoch epoch

present present the the in in

represents represents ism ism the the carried carried have have They They riat. riat. forward forward

Marx­ what what learn learn to to is is It It Leninism. Leninism. proleta­ the the of of movement movement lutionary lutionary

Marxism­

of of theory theory

the the

master master to to revo­ the the of of and and theory theory Marxian Marxian the the

learn learn to to is is lessons lessons these these learn learn To To of of development development further further the the halt halt and and

Union. Union.

Soviet Soviet

the the in in Party Party freeze freeze to to attempts attempts all all smashed smashed have have

brother brother our· our· of of history history glorious glorious the the they they that that is is Stalin Stalin of of him, him, after after and, and,

from from learned learned

be be to to

lessons lessons

great great the the of of Lenin Lenin of of achievement achievement great great The The

studies studies group group and and individual individual all all to to class. class. ing ing

assistance assistance and and

encouragement encouragement utmost utmost work­ the the of of movement movement revolutionary revolutionary

the the lend lend to to

as as way way

a a

such such in in

facilities facilities the the of of development development further further the the halt halt

educational educational their their

organize organize to to

tions tions

to to this, this, with with and, and, Marxism Marxism of of ment ment

organiza­

Party Party

the the of of

task task the the be be also also develop­ halting halting further further the the of of pose pose

4 4

COMMUNIST COMMUNIST THE THE REVIEW OF THE MONTH 5

1917, the Russian Revolution brought longer corresponded to the new his­ forward a new political form-the So­ torical setting; that the socialist revo­ viets of Workers' and Peasants' Depu­ lution is fully able to win in one ties. Analyzing the meaning of this country taken by itself. new political form on the basis of the And again the opportunists of all experiences of two revolutions, and lands, hanging onto the old formula proceeding from the theory of Marx­ of Engels and Marx, were accusing ism, Lenin reached the conclusion Lenin of departing from Marxism. that the best political form for the But life has already proven that it was dictatorship of the proletariat was not Lenin who had mastered Marxism, the parliamentary democratic repub­ not the opportunists; that it w~ lic but the Republic of Soviets. Lenin who moved the Marxian Whereupon the opportunists of all theory forward, enriching it with new countries, hanging onto the parlia­ experiences, while the opportunists mentary republic, were accusing were pulling it backward, transform­ Lenin of departing from Marxism and ing the living science into a frozen of destroying democracy. What has dogma. life proved? It has proved that Lenin It was in the spirit of this creative was the true Marxist; that it was he Marxism- Marxism-Leninism- that who was carrying the revolutionary the Seventh Congress of the Commu­ science and movement forward while nist International in 1935 formulated the opportunists were pulling both of a new strategic line to meet serious them backward, transforming one of changes in the world situation. Here, the propositions of the theory into a too, the opportunists everywhere, led dogma.· by the Trotsky-Lovestone agents of Or another example. Studying pre­ fascism, were denouncing us for aban­ imperialist capitalism, Marx and doning Marx and Lenin. And short as. Engels had reached the conclusion this span of years still is, life has al­ that the socialist revolution cannot ready shown that it was Stalin and win in one country taken by itself, the other disciples of Lenin who are that it can win only by a simultaneous the true Marxists, .those who carry attack in all or in the majority of the ·forward the theory of 'Marxism-Lenin­ civilized countries. This conclusion, ism and, with it, the progressive and reached in the middle of the nine­ revolutionary movements of the work­ teenth century, later became a lead­ ing class and its allies. ing idea for all Marxists. However, at The recently concluded meeting of the beginning of the twentieth cen­ the National Committee of the Com­ tury, pre-imperialist capitalism had munist Party, deliberating on the very grown over into imperialist capital­ practical and immediate tasks facing ism. From a rising system, capitalism the working class and all democratic had become transformed into a dying forces of America consequent upon one. Seeing this and studying it, and the results of the last elections and of proceeding from the theory of Marx, the Munich conspiracy, sought con­ Lenin came to the conclusion that the sciously to be guided by this creative, old formula of Engels and Marx no forward-looking and forward-moving 6 THE COMMUNIST theory of Marxism-Leninism. Led by defense. So, detailed comment on this Comrades Browder and Foster, the must of necessity be reserved for sub­ National Committee aimed to make sequent issues. But the international the December plenary meeting a stage and national setting in which this in the mastery of the Marxist-Leninist problem arises is already fully indi­ theory. It thus aimed with its politi­ cated. It was on the basis of a thor­ cal and organizational decisions to ough analysis of this setting that Com­ enable our Party to be of greater ser­ rade Browder has formulated a line vice to the further progress of our of policy for both domestic and for­ class and people. eign affairs which was adopted unani­ Thus we honor Lenin on the fif­ mously by the National Committee of teenth anniversary of his death. the Communist Party. A policy which calls for the unity of the American • • • working class within a united and R EPORTING from Washington, D.C. single democratic front in the strug­ to The New York Times, gle for the social and national secur­ Turner Catledge finds that "certain ity of the American people. key men in the Congressional organ­ For the social and national security ization" are determined to see to it of the American people, and vice that the national defense plans which versa. We urge an attitude and policy the administration intends to submit of diametric opposition to that of the to the first session of the 76th Con­ Chamber of Commerce and of Mr. gress "shall be studied strictly in the Catledge's "key men." Analyzing the light of military and naval protection, situation in our country as it is and nothing else." And lest the read­ shaped by the results of the last elec­ er fail to get the full import of this tions and by the consequences of the proposed "strict" examination, Mr. Munich conspiracy, we say with Com­ Catledge adds the following: rade Browder: "This last qualification is aimed at any attempt on the part of the President's Left­ "Our· first conclusion must be, therefore, wing subordinates to turn the program into that in the world situation after Munich we a new spending-lending drive." cannot adopt a negative position to the ques­ Now the thing is dearer. It is also tion of armaments. "Neither can we, however, meet the new clear that these "key men," whoever situation with a simple affirmative. No mat­ they may be, pretty accurately re­ ter how much· the situation has changed, it flect the position of the United States still remains true-more true than ever­ Chamber of Commerce which has let that armaments are no substitute for a posi­ tive peace policy, for a correct approach and it be known that additional measures active role in organizing the world against for national defense must not be al­ the war-makers and therefore for peace. The lowed to be used "as a disguise" for question is not: are we for armaments, yes the further pump-priming of the eco­ or no; it is the more complicated question, nomic system. 'Armaments, for what?' If it is for the de­ fense of the liberty and independence of our It is not known yet at this writing own and other peoples, yes, emphatically yes! what exactly are the plans of the But the people must learn to make its 'Yes' a administration on matters of national power for securing guarantees that the anna- REVIEW OF THE MON'Tff 1 ments will be for that purpose and for no American people will hardly be other." • fooled by that. Nor by Hoover and As the reader will see, this is no Castle. Nor by the fascist priest, policy of "strictly" armaments as ad­ Coughlin. The danger of military in" vocated by the Chamber of Commerce vasion may not be immediate in terms and Hoover and some of the anti­ of days or months but the actuality New Deal Democrats. It is a policy of military aggression by the fascist for the working class and all progres­ powers in other parts of the world sive forces to meet in a democratic which, unless halted, will lead to mili­ and anti-fascist way the real problems tary invasions also in the Americas­ of national security as they face the this danger is already in existence. American people today in all aspects: And only totally uninformed and social, economic, political and mili­ blind ones or, on the other hand, pro­ tary. fascists can deny this fact. Hoover and Herbert Hoover, and the under­ Castle cannot be classified either with Secretary of State in his administra­ the uninformed or with the blind. tion, William R. Castle, do not be­ The task of meeting the problems lieve that the American people are of social and national security-and now facing new and serious problems the two are today inseparable-re­ of national security. Nor do these solves itself therefore first of all into a gentlemen believe that the nation is task of promoting further the united facing any problems of social security. struggle of the people against the re­ To them everything is, and has been, actionary, imperialistic and pro-fascist perfectly secure, socially and nation­ circles of Big Business for whom ally, the only disturbing thing being Hooverism is speaking. It is the task the New Deal, labor, the democracy of curbing the capitulators to fascism of the people and its growing asser­ at home. Because this is what Hoover­ tiveness. And to eliminate this, all ism is: capitulation to fascism. that has to be done is to bring Naturally, no spokesman of the re­ Hooverism back into the government. actionary monopolies will openly own Thus, William R. Castle, speaking up to being a capitul,ator to fascism. on inter-American problems, is re­ Nor do Chamberlain and Daladier, ported by The New York Herald for that matter. Yet when the United Tribune to have said the following: States Chamber of Commerce and "certain key men" in Congress launch "He criticized also the proposal for a larger an attack under the slogan of "strict­ armament program, declaring that military aggression in Latin America by totalitarian ly armaments," with no monkey­ powers was 'a danger really non-existent.' " shines about social security and pump­ (Dec. 8.) priming of the economic system, with "A danger non-existent" -that is no relation to a democratic and anti­ well put. It is exactly what Hitler, fascist foreign policy, with no guaran­ tees that the arms will be used to re­ Mussolini and Japan tell us. But ~e sist fascist aggression and maintain de­ · • Earl Browder, Social and National Secur­ mocracy and peace, without any meas­ ity, pp. 119·40. Workers Library Publishers, New York. ures to cleanse the armed forces of the

the the that that does, does, Post Post the the as as say, say, it it To To consequently consequently that that betrayal, betrayal, national national

earnestness? earnestness? eral eral a1,1d a1,1d pro-fascism pro-fascism of of policy policy a a lowing lowing

lib­ its its of of measure measure the the is is amusement amusement fol­ are are France, France, and and England England in in part part

presented presented its its that that say say we we Shall Shall " " line.' line.' counter­ their their like like bourgeoisie, bourgeoisie, ican ican

'party 'party old old the the of of reversal reversal complete complete "a "a Amer­ the the of of circles circles imperialistic imperialistic and and

call call to to pleases pleases it it what what with with readers readers its its reactionary reactionary most most the the that that realized realized is is

amuse amuse to to tries tries way, way, general general a a in in so so is is it it unless unless is, is, That That abroad. abroad. from from sion sion

perhaps perhaps and and aggres­ liberal liberal is is it it fascist fascist of of thinks thinks coming coming the the and and here here T

that that paper paper a a Post, Post, York York New New fascism fascism of of advance advance the the resist resist to to pared pared HE HE

pre­ are are we we only only work work to to if if made made be be

• • • • • •

can can here here democracy democracy that that all all to to dent dent

security. security. national national and and social social evi­ increasingly increasingly becoming becoming is is it it For For

for for struggle struggle of of policy policy a a urges urges Party Party hope. hope. we we long, long, for for not not but but ple, ple,

Communist Communist the the this, this, against against As As peo­ some some fool fool still still may may which which words words

people. people. American American the the of of security security sounding sounding Nice Nice standards." standards." living living

national national and and social social the the endangering endangering is is their their raise raise them them help help to to hand hand a a lend lend

It It fascism. fascism. to to comfort comfort and and aid aid giving giving and and here here democracy democracy working working a a tries tries

is is It It same. same. the the is is result result the the skyites), skyites), coun­ American American the the show show "to "to is is ica ica

Lovestone-Trot­ the the by by (encouraged (encouraged Amer­ Latin Latin in in peace peace and and democracy democracy

doing doing are are pacifists pacifists some some as as home," home," at at for for do do can can we we best best the the that that dangers, dangers,

democracy democracy and and security security social social "strictly "strictly new· new· no no are are there there that that "hysteria," "hysteria," only only

of of slogan slogan the the through through or or propose, propose, is is conspiracy, conspiracy, Munich Munich the the of of quences quences

Hoover Hoover and and Commerce Commerce of of Chamber Chamber conse­ the the by by imperative imperative made made way, way,

the the as as armaments," armaments," "strictly "strictly of of gan gan new new a a in in security security national national of of issue issue

slo­ the the through through done done is is this this Whether Whether the the raising raising that that the the is is It It active). active). cry cry

country. country. the the of of security security national national very very are are agents agents fascist fascist sky-Lovestoneite sky-Lovestoneite

the the and and masses masses the the of of security security cial cial Trot­ way, way, the the by by which, which, (in (in groups groups

so­ the the both: both: undermine undermine to to is is other, other, pacifist pacifist certain certain by raised raised cry cry the the of of ing ing

an­ against against one one place place to to and and two, two, the the mean­ objective objective true true the the recognizing recognizing

separate separate to to try try To To phases. phases. and and aspects aspects in in difficulty. difficulty. be be there there should should Nor Nor

many many having having although although struggle, struggle, great great geoisie. geoisie.

one one is is It It security. security. national national from from rated rated bour­ American American the the of of circles circles tic tic

sepa­ be be cannot cannot democracy democracy and and ity ity imperialis­ and and reactionary reactionary most most the the

secur­ social social that that true, true, doubly doubly now now is is by by fostered fostered policy policy A A fascism. fascism. to to lation lation

but but Munich, Munich, capitu­ before before and and true true been been pro-fascism pro-fascism has has of of It It policy policy the the

do. do. to to agree agree not not will will ple ple of of unfolding unfolding further further the the is is this this that that

peo­ the the this this And And open. open. wide wide thrown thrown recognizing recognizing in in difficulty difficulty little little have have

be be will will country country this this in in fascism fascism to to gate gate should should we we defense, defense, national national of of tion tion

the the accordingly, accordingly, upon upon acted acted and and ple ple ques­ the the around around campaign campaign tionary tionary

peo­ the the by by recognized recognized is is this this Unless Unless reac­ of of sort sort this this see see we we rich-when rich-when

other. other. the the without without waged waged be be longer longer the the and and monopolies monopolies the the of of taxation taxation er er

no no can can one one that that independence, independence, tional tional heavi­ by by armaments armaments increased increased finance finance

na­ and and democracy democracy for for fight fight a a wage wage to to provisions provisions no no with with influences, influences, fascist fascist

to to people people the the of of forces forces democratic democratic all all pro­ and and reactionary reactionary all all of of ernment) ernment)

and and class, class, working working the the upon upon devolves devolves of of agencies agencies other other (and (and country country gov~ gov~

COMMUNIST COMMUNIST THE THE 8 8 REVIEW OF THE MONTH 9

Communists, out of a blue sky, came (Manifesto of the Communist Inter­ out in favor of "heavy armaments for national of November 7·) the United States" and that this con­ The working class of America has stitutes a "complete reversal" of the to view the question of armaments Party's previous position is a plain from this standpoint. In this too there distortion of the truth. It is also a case is something new, no doubt, but only of that "headline mentality" of which a headline mentality would see in it President Roosevelt spoke just re­ a "reversal." Serious-minded and cently. 'Perhaps a careful reading of thoughtful persons would know that Comrade Browder's report would this line of action is already contained help the Post to get straightened out. in the strategic anti-fascist line formu­ And then it may not help at all. We lated by the Seventh World Congress shouldn't be surprised, either mildly of the Communist International. The or otherwise, if the Post were to ac­ consequences of Munich. to the world cuse us of defending the interests of and to our country have made neces­ American imperialism. It has hap­ sary the bringing out of that line of pened before on the pages of that action into central prominence. More­ paper, and it may happen again. The over, it follows inevitably from the Trotskyites and Lovestoneites are al­ fundamental principles of Commu­ ready doing so and the Post has on nism. occasion shown a remarkable suscep­ We have said, since 1935, that the tibility to the machinations of these main enemy is fascism and have agents of Hitler and Mussolini and called upon the working class to head the Mikado. the struggle of the people against it. The National Committee of the Since fascism was threatening not Communist Party has definitely said only the class interests of the prole­ something new on the question of na­ tariat, but also the most vital interests tional security and armaments. And of the farmers and middle classes, en­ in doing so, it had no need to reverse dangering the liberty and indepen­ any previous Party position on the dence of whole peoples and nations, question. It only had to develop it we called upon the working class to further, to concretize it more, in or­ step forward as the most consistent der to meet the new problems and defender of all these interests. And new dangers resulting from the Mu­ when the Munich conspiracy had nich conspiracy and its consequences. demonstrated before the whole world For at the bottom of our present that the imperialist circles of the position on armaments lies the basic bourgeoisie in England and France idea that, in the face of the present entered into a counter-revolutionary stage of fascist war aggression and the alliance with German and Italian fas­ capitulatory policies of the reaction­ cism, with these circles in all bour­ ary bourgeoisie to fascism, it is the geois-democratic countries ( including task of the working class "to head the the United States) following a policy liberation struggle of the enslaved na­ of capitulation and moving to similar tions and the defense of the peoples alliances, we concluded correctly that threatened by foreign domination." the working class, the backbone of the 10 THE COMMUNIST nation, must head the 11truggle of the sided" imperialist war thus far, waged people and save the nation from the by the fascist powers), seeking to con­ capitulators at home and the fascist fuse their traces, are crying that it is aggression that Is coming from the Communists who are calling upon abroad. the workers to defend the interests of The thing that makes possible such American imperialism. But the facts a front of anti-fascist struggle is the speak for themselves. The Commu­ peculiar present-day coincidence and nists call upon the workers to head merger of the class interests of the the struggles of the people against the proletariat with the .interests of the incendiaries of the imperialist war, overwhelming majm::ity of the people against the imperialistic circles of the -with the nation. Says Comrade American bourgeoisie which are urg­ Dimitroff: ing a policy of capitulation to and alliance with the war-makers. "It would be difficult in post-war political history to find another moment when the We are advocating a policy of strug­ interests of the working class, peasantry, gle against the imperialist war, petty bourgeoisie and intellectuals, when the against the fascist war-makers and interests of the small nations, of the depen­ against the imperialistic circles of the dent and colonial countries, when the inter­ bourgeoisie at home. The fight ests of culture and science, the interests of peace and democracy, coincided and merged against the latter is the primary con­ in a common current against fascism, the dition for the success of the struggle worst enemy of mankind, such as at the against the former. present moment." • It might be said that since this is "Coincided and merged in a com. not a socialist country, the content of mon current against fascism" -this is the struggle for the national interests the key. to our policy of struggle for and security of the American people is the social and national security of the not socialist either. This would be true American people. And what kind of a only in a limited sense. It would be struggle is it? It is a struggle "against true in the sense that, directly and fascist barbarism and the incendiaries immediately, the present struggle for of imperialist war" (Dimitroff). It is the national security of America is a struggle to curb the most imperialis­ not a struggle for the establishment tic and reactionary circles of the bour­ of socialism in this country. It is a geoisie at home, the capitulators to struggfe to bar the road to fascism in fascism and betrayers of the national this country and. to help defeat its interests of the people. And it is from aggressions abroad, the two being to­ here that our present position on day inseparable. The content of na­ armaments follows. tional interests here and now iJ The Trotsky-Lovestone agents of therefore anti-fascist and democratic. fascism, in the service of the incen­ In this sense, and only in this sense, diaries and promoters of the now cur­ it is not directly and immediately so­ rent second imperialist war (a "one- cialist in content. This is fundamental and central in the present world situ­ • See The Communist International, p. ation and unclarity on this point 977, No. 11. '.Vorkers Library Publishers, New York. would be harmful. REVIEW OF THE MONTH 11

Yet this is not the whole story. We Can it be depended on to employ must also consider the character of armaments only in the cause of peace the epoch in which this anti-fascist and democracy by resisting fascist ag­ struggle is taking place. It is taking gression? This is an important ques­ place in the epoch of dying capital­ tion which the Communist Party has ism. of proletarian revolutions, of the raised and answered. In doing so, it victory of socialism on one-sixth of proceeded from the idea that "govern­ the earth. This imparts certain special ments are necessary that base them­ significance to the anti-fascist and selves on the masses of the people, democratic struggfe for the national that reckon with their interests and security of America. It makes it very wishes, governments that are ready to definitely a stage in the historic proc­ fight ag-:rinst the fascist enemy from ess of struggle for socialism in this without." (Ibid.) All this is to be country. It makes it furthermore a de­ taken in connection with the other cisive factor in the process of develop­ essential, namely, "that reaction at ment toward world socialism. And home be curbed, . . . that the pol­ linking itself up, as it does, with the icy of capitulation to the fascist ag. fight of the Soviet peoples for the de­ gressors be stopped." (Ibid.) fense of their socialist system and These are the guiding propositions. achievements, the struggle for the na­ On this basis, Comrade Browder said tional security of the American peo­ in his report: "If it is for the defense ple establishes an additional new of liberty and independence of our relationship. By defending our na­ own and other people, yes, emphati­ tional security and democracy -against cally yes. But the people must learn fascism we are helping the Soviet to make its 'Yes' a power for secur­ peoples to defend their socialist ing guarantees that the armaments achievements from foreign aggression; will be for that purpose and no and the Soviet peoples, by resisting other." fascist aggression against themselves In the foregoing we have already and leading in the general fight of all indicated the nature of these guaran­ peoples against fascism, are contribut­ tees. Here we wish to continue on the ing materially and substantially to relationship of our people and gov­ our own fight for democracy and na­ ernment. And so, we say: to a govern­ tional security. ment of the Chamberlain type, our We can now sum up on this point answer would be an emphatic "No." as follows: The immediate and direct And this needs no elaboration. But content of our present-day struggle our present government is not of the for the social and national security Chamberlain type. This. is clear. It is of America is anti-fascist and ·demo­ also clear that it does not yet base cratic. Taken in its broader historic itself fully on the masses of the peo­ aspects, conditioned by the character ple, nor does it yet reckon fully with of the present epoch, it is a struggle their interests and wishes, nor has it for democracy, peace and socialism. as yet fully demonstrated its readiness Here it can legitimately be asked: to fight the fascist enemy from with­ what about our present government? out. For these serious inadequacies 12 THE COMMUNIST there are two main reasons of differ­ publicly confirmed. Namely, that the ent origin. One is the presence of re­ spokesmen of the reactionary monop­ actionary and pro-fascist influences olies continue to dominate the Re­ within the government, the very ele-. publican Party. ments which are sabotaging and ob­ Commenting on the election of du structing the progressive measures and Pont's darling, former Senator Daniel initiatives of President Roosevelt and 0. Hastings of Delaware, to the execu­ his administration. tive of the Republican National Com­ The second is the insufficient organ­ mittee as against Kenneth F. Simpson ized backing of the people for an ac­ of New York, The Herald Tribune tive policy of democracy and peace, writes: the insufficient struggles of the masses "Nothing could be plainer than that the themselves for such a policy. In brief, standpatters are still powerful in the party the lack of a sQfficiently united and and have still to learn their first lesson in coordinated practical concert of ac­ progress." (Nov. 30, 1938.) tion of all progressive forces, the lack This inner fight in the Republican of a united and organized single Party tops, of which we shall see much democratic front fighting unitedly on more as we go along, has of course im­ a consistent program and rallying the portant political significance. It reflects majority of the people behind it at directly certain frictions and differ­ the bottom. ences within Big Business itself. Less The result is an administration in directly it reflects the more evident the government which, though com­ fact that large sections of the tradi­ mitted to a number of central policies tional supporters of the Republican deserving active support by the peo­ Party among the masses are totally fed ple and generally supported by the up with the "standpatters" and are majority, is in practice moving halt­ reaching out, very confusedly as yet, ingly and, at times, very inconsistent­ as shown by the last elections, after ly, yet moving in the direction the more progressive leadership. This last people desire. That is why our Party point is of extreme importance and, says with Comrade Browder: make properly approached with the policy your "yes, on the question of arma­ of the single democratic front, can ments an organized power of such become a source of great reinforce­ strength as will be able to secure all ment to the camp of progress in this those political, economic and social country. The danger, however, is that guarantees as are necessary, in order the "liberal face" ·tactic will succeed that our government base itself fully in corraling these progressive Repub­ on the masses of the people, reckon lican followers, keeping them at­ with their interests and wishes, and tached to the Republican Party which is fully ready to fight against the fas­ is still dominated by the "standpat.­ cist enemy from without. ters" according to the admission of • • • The Herald Tribune itself. THOUGH we knew it right along It is a real danger. Therefore, when N.as did many others, it is good we see the liberal face tactiCians in nevertheless to have it freshly and the Republican Party making so REVIEW OF THE MONTH much fuss over their internal strug­ be built today, throughout the cur­ gles with the "standpatters," we rent year, utilizing to the utmost the should be aware of at least two angles important municipal elections that of the situation. One is that friction are nearing. within Big Business is increasing as Basic of course is the promotion of is also progressive pressure from be­ the struggle for labor unity. The dif­ low. And that it is all to the good ficulty residing in the opposition of because it offers greater opportunities the reactionaries in the Executive to the forces of the democratic front Council of the A. F. of L. must and to increase their strength. can be ,wercome if only the unity The second is that, due to the in­ forces in the A. F. of L. would grow creased activities of the liberal face more assertive

p. p. 19. 19. Security, Security, National National and and "Social "Social United United the the in in bourgeoisie bourgeoisie actionary actionary

re­ the the

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a a is is It It France. France. of of interests interests the the betrays betrays

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positive positive expressed expressed Business Business Big Big with with the the Party Party the the into into and and itself itself to to attract attract

dealing dealing in in methods methods "high-handed" "high-handed" its its and and jurisdiction, jurisdiction, its its in in vanguard vanguard real real

for for administration administration Roosevelt Roosevelt the the tack tack a a as as function function people, people, the the to to service service

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the the that that commentators commentators progressive progressive a a can can thus thus only only that that see see to to tation tation I

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present present the the at at one one number number task task Party Party

• • • • • •

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a a for for is is of of 1940. 1940. activities activities these these struggle struggle all all in in cally cally

systemati­ engage engage community-to community-to the the crucial crucial the the in in victory victory the the insure insure

COMMUNIST COMMUNIST THE THE REVIEW OF THE MONTH

States .also is moving along the path stones of American foreign policy. of agreerpent with international fas­ America needs this collaboration in cism against the American people. order to struggle successfully for Yet a serious disappointment awaits peace, in order to protect effectively those who hastily assume that the its national interests. French people are done for and that Discussing the question at the re­ all that remains of France is its re­ cent meeting of the National Com­ actionary bourgeoisie and Daladier. mittee of the Communist Party, Com­ No; one should not hurry with such rade Browder said: conclusion. The French working class "I am not a spokesman for the Soviet is still alive and more so than for a Union. The Communist Party of the U.S.A. long time. The general strike has is not, as the slanderous demagogue Martin But I demonstrated that fact beyond doubt. Dies charges, 'an agency of Moscow.' American as well as a Communist, of Munich, reaction ap­ am an At the time and with the whole American Party, I can parently succeeded in confusing some­ and do claim the Soviet Union as the re­ what the ranks of the workers. But liable friend of our nation and our people, the strike proved that this confusion and propose in the American national inter­ of is disappearing. The .strike has un­ est that we should seek the cooperation Union in the world crisis in which strengthened the unity of the Soviet doubtedly we find ourselves.'' • labor, preparing it for the battles to come. The people of France, headed National security through collective by a united working class, will yet be security, through collaboration with heard from in unmistakable terms. the peoples of the Americas, with the And so will the people of England. peoples of France and England and, For us in the United States, this above all, with the Soviet Union, the has many meanings. It means that, most dependable and reliable fighter in the struggle for democracy and for peace, democracy and progress. peace, in the fight against the offen­ • • • sive of international fascism, the American people can count on collab­ Speaking of the growth of the lib­ oration with the peoples of France eration movement of the Negro peo­ and England. Not with the treacher­ ple,' Comrade Browder had this to ous policies of the Chamberlains and say of Comrade James W. Ford, at the Daladiers but with the democratic recent meeting of the National Com­ policies of resistance· to fascism which mittee of the Communist Party. the peoples of these two countries, "When we express our joy at the outstand­ headed by their working classes, are ing achievementS of Comrade Ford, for ex­ struggling to make the policies of ample, can there be a single Negro comrade in this the their countries. or sympathizer who fails to see of an achievement for the whole the Soviet Union. All registration And, then, Negro people? When we demonstratively es­ signs point to the fact that wide cir­ tablish the authority of Comrade Ford's cles of the American people are reach­ words for the entire Party with those of any ing the conclusion that friendship and other leader, and place upon him the same by every other collaboration with the Soviet Union strict responsibilities borne must become one of the foundation • Ibid., pp. 44·45·

p. p. 14. 14. Security, Security, National National and and Social Social

Browder, Browder, -Earl -Earl unity." unity." class class working working for for struggle struggle the the in in necessity necessity

basic basic a a is is progressives, progressives, of of groups groups active active most most politically politically the the with with

especially especially and and classes, classes, middle middle city city and and farmers farmers the the with with relationship relationship

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poten­ and and allies allies the the all all toward toward attitude attitude consistent consistent and and correct correct a a of of

establishment establishment the the is is unity unity class class working working for for struggle struggle the the of of feature feature

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of of strata strata larger larger and and new new unite unite to to step step every every and and unity, unity, class class working working

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re­ front front democratic democratic the the in in people people the the of of majority majority the the of of "Unity "Unity

York. York. New New

p. p.

34· 34· Ibid., Ibid., " "

Publishers, Publishers, International International by by Published Published " "

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COMMUNIST COMMUNIST THE THE MASTERY OF THEORY AND METHODS OF WORK=t-

BY EARL BROWDER

THINK, comrades, in closing this which is better than any thesis in I important plenum of our National showing us the road to victory. Our Committee, we need only to note a comrades in California proved their few points for special emphasis. There thesis in life, and there is nothing that has been no difference of opinion dis­ confirms the correctness of policy so closed in the three days of discussion much as to have it result in victory. which need any solution. We have Victory is what we are driving for had a discussion here which I think everywhere. And in those places has been quite correctly described as where victory is most decisive, espe­ representing a new high level of the cially when it is a victory won under work of our committee. I think the most adverse conditions, this has great work of these last three days has regis­ lessons for every section of our Party. tered what is going on throughout This experience in California was the country. There could be no meet­ well and graphically presented by ing such as we have had except as the Comrade Schneiderman. expression of a growing Party, living I think that we have much to learn and working in the very heart of the also from the continued study of the American people and representing its experiences of our Party in the state most dynamic element. of Washington, which. has made such There have been so many outstand­ great advances under the leadership ing contributions to our discussion of Comrade Raport. These sections of that it is difficult to pick out any our Party which showed the most de­ single one for special mention with­ cisive advances must become the ob­ out running the risk of injustice to jectives of detailed study by all of us. others equally good. It would be im­ I know that last summer, when Com­ possible, however, to summarize our rade Stachel and I made a visit to the discussions without mentioning the Pacific Coast, we came back from contribution of Comrade Schneider­ there with the feeling that we had man which reflected the great work learned new things about America. of our California Party, the work of We gave the experience of the Pacific Coast very prolonged and detailed " Concluding speech at the plenary ses­ study. We are continuing that study, sion of the National Committee of the C.P.U.S.A., in New York, December 5, 1938. and I think that all of us throughout t8 THE COMMUNIST the Party can very profitably do the in the growing mass movements of same. the country, in all phases. Everyone We had a most interesting contri­ is paying great attention to the youth bution from Oklahoma. But I wonder nowadays, because the youth is active, how many of us felt the tremendous youth is in motion; the young people significance of the reported campaigns will go where they find serious re­ of reactionary demagogy current in sponse to their demands and their Oklahoma. What is this situation in needs, and recognition of their place Oklahoma? It is the complete disinte­ in society and in the particular mass gration of the economic, political, so­ movements which deal with them. cial and cultural life of the people of We do not yet give sufficient response a section of the country, a disintegra­ to the youth, although we

profound heart-searching and reori­ feated fascism nationally in our coun­ entation in world and domestic ques­ try. tions, we must get close to the Catho­ • • • lics, sympathetically close to them, We have had a very needed exam­ and assist them in their reorientation. ination in many details of the strug­ There is information that indicates gle against Trotskyite-Lovestoneite that not only is the Catholic Church wreckers and agents of fascism. This in profound struggle with the Hitler question is going to grow even sharp­ regime, but that the whole Catholic er in the future. These forces are not Church may be in open struggle only generated spontaneously with against Mussolini in the very near the process of the disintegration of future. More and more, world Ca­ the capitalist society; they are arti­ tholicism finds its main base in the ficially cultivated in laboratories; United States. What happens to the they are a part of the poison gas and Catholics in the United States may germ warfare of fascism against the be decisive for world Catholicism in people. And by the way, we should the near future. We are not only solv­ forget that old term of "renegade" ing one of our domestic problems that was used in the period when when we help to influence the inte­ these people were being driven out gration of the Catholic community of our Party. That was so long ago into the democratic front, which is that it is ancient history. They are possible; we will be doing a job, the enemies not merely of our Party, but repercussions of which will be im­ enemies of the people, enemies of the mediately felt in countries abroad. working class, criminal elements, de­ We have had some deeper discus­ generate tools of fascism; they belong sion in the course of this meeting with the stool-pigeons, provocateurs than at any previous one of problems and other underworld characters. Let of the allies of the working class, the us brand that character upon them middle classes, particularly the farm­ wherever they show themselves. The struggle against Red-baiting ers. I don't want to repeat what has has been disclosed in· the discussion been said here, except to emphasize here as having been a universally again the importance of this question. growing characteristic of the election Comrade Minor's speech was especial­ campaign and of the political life of ly important. If we have learned any­ the country generally. We must de­ thing from the last elections, surely velop ever more skillfully our coun­ we must have learned the profound ter-action to the campaign of the Red­ necessity of the keenest sensitivity to baiters, whose central instrument is what is going on among these allied the Dies Un-American Committee. strata of the population, to under­ Insofar as we are dealing with peo­ stand that there is where the sharpest ple among whom we work and who struggle will take place between the know us, we have had very little dif­ democratic forces and fascism for the ficulty in dispersing the attacks of the possession of the people. And if we Dies Committee's Red-scare cam­ defeat fascism there, we shall have de- paign; among much broader circles, it 20 THE COMMUNIST has been relatively easy to turn the ing session of Congress, where we will effective weapon of public ridicule find, in some way, the chance to make against its obvious and manifest ab­ Congress our forum-not only Dies' surdities; while among the thinking, forum, but ours-to reach the country conscious section of the population, on this question and to dramatize to our counter-attack against the Dies the country the actual relation of our Committee has been effective. Party to the progressive forces in the But it would be the greatest mis­ country, to the nation, its interests, take to underestimate the effect of its history, traditions and institutions. this Red scare campaign, especially * * * among the masses of the politically Unquestionably, we have ap­ passive people, the stay-at-homes, the proached in this plenum much closer inactive ones, who get the impact than before to that very essential mainly of the general charge of some­ problem of the quality of our work. thing seditious and un-American, dis­ We have directed the attention of the persed very broadly over everything whole Party to the study of the qual­ progressive; the only kind of answer ity of the work ·of the branch. But I that reaches them is that which just think it would be well for us also, in disclaims the charge that the New closing, to recall that basic task that Deal is Communistic, but which we have assumed for every member of leaves the assumption that if it were the Party-the task of the individual Communistic, it would be something approach to improving the quality of terrible and un-American which the work, the necessity for everyone would have to be stamped out in of us to be engaged constantly in self­ America. study, perfecting our equipment, rais­ There is not the slightest doubt ing the quality of our work. that the agents of reaction expected This is especially important for us to he successful in countering the those of us who approach middle-age. Dies Committee among the thinking As we begin to lose some of the section of the population; but the boundless energies of youth, the only Dies Committee was staged, not for possible way we can continue to be the benefit of the thinking section of useful and effective is to improve the the population, but for the stay-at­ quality of our work, to do less leg home, inactive section of the popula­ work and more head work. tion; and among these, there is not "Head work" does not mean "head­ the slightest doubt that it has regis­ line work." The President coined tered against the New Deal, against what I am sure will become an im­ the progressive forces, and against mortal phrase when he spoke today the Communist Party. of "headline mentality." Now, this I think that we must give con­ headline mentality is, of course, cul­ stantly increased attention to the tivated by reaction in America; but its question of reaching these broadest influence reaches even into our own masses with the answer to the Dies ranks. How many of us have been Committee, and probably one of the influenced by the headlines of the best places for that will be the com- newspapers? I am sure that it includes MASTERY OF THEORY AND METHODS OF WORK 11 everybody. And I am sure that if we who does not accept our ideology. gained a . certain relative freedom But that is not what we mean by from the influence of the headlines, ideological intransigeance. We can de­ it is only by consciously building up fend our principles, without trying to our resistance. I am also sure that force their acceptance by an unwill­ some of our comrades at critical mo­ ing person, especially when we re­ ments have felt the influence of panic member that forceful methods in that and pessimism thrown among them connection are never successful. We by the headlines of the newspapers. have to convince. We have to be pa­ If we are going to conduct a strug­ tient if we are going to convince, and gle against the headline mentality in will convince more quickly if we have the country, we have to be very a sympathetic, human contact. In­ strongly armed against the influence flexibility is the greatest enemy. Sec­ of this headline mentality in our own tarianism and dogmatism are other ranks. That means arming ourselves names for it. Flexibility does not com­ strongly in basic understanding, in promise principle, and that we cer­ mastering theory. The mastery of tainly understand if we understand theory includes also the mastery of our principles deeply enough. That is methods of work-methods of work why we talk about self-study so much, that have become the hallmark of the deepening of our understanding the seriously trained Communists of the principles upon which we are throughout the world. Let u~ remind working. ourselves of a few of the features of A characteristic of Leninist work is this Bolshevik quality, methods of this, that it is never overcome by a work. difficulty or a defeat. It is never baf­ One of the first of these is mod­ fled by an obstacle. It always knows esty. We still have around our Party how to find that point or that feature traces of the old tendency of boast­ in a difficulty or obstacle or defeat ing. We must edit this out, strike it which can be seized upon to tum it out, and eliminate every trace of into its opposite. This is the very es­ boastfulness, especially in our ap­ sence of our philosophy, and it has to proach to the masses. We must learn be the sharpest point of our practice. how we can develop the firmest ideo­ Everything that we ·are doing is to logical intransigeance, complete, un­ change what is to something better­ compromising, sternest struggle on a transformation of a particular thing every question in which principle is in a particular part of the world, as involved, and combine this with part of the big job of transforming greatest flexibility, the utmost sensi­ the whole world. We cannot trans­ tiveness to the peculiarities of the form the whole world unless we rec­ concrete application of our principle, ognize that in the world the:re are the and a sympathetic human approach forces existing for that transforma­ to the people, to the persons who tion. The degree of maturity of a are involved. Some cannot be ideo­ Communist leader is the degree to logically intransigeant without imme­ which he is able to take the initiative diately engaging in war with anybody and the leadership in transforming an THE COMMUNIST obstacle into an assistance, a difficulty everything else becomes mere talk. into a help, a defeat into a victory. These are the immediate pressing Factors exist in the world outside questions on which we must get im­ of ourselves that enable us to do mediate results. that, if we ourselves are mentally Munich has so awakened America strong enough to find those factors to the fact that fascism in Spain is a and to seize them. That is why we menace to American interests that are not dismayed or thrown into pan­ even some conservative circles are ic when the reactionaries gain victo­ taking up the demand to feed Spain. ries in the elections. Right in the very It is only a few months ago that victories of the reactionaries we find only the progressives demanded that that factor that we can seize upon for American food be sent to Spain. Now, their defeat; we examined the situa­ even such people as Dorothy Thomp­ tion and we found they got their vic­ son have joined. We should welcome tory by unlimited use of demagogy. that very much. It is proof of the We will seize every promise they made political correctness of the slogan and to the masses and organize the masses we welcome such proof. It demon­ against them on it, and they will strates that we can enlist the widest either join the progressive camp or circles in America in demanding food the masses will be torn away from for Spain. The Dorothy Thompsons them. The more demagogy they use and others, whose aid is very valu­ the faster that will come about. able, should be welcomed in the Comrade Anderson, in his excellent warmest terms. speech, may have been giving us the We should remember, however, rules of the boxing ring, I don't that the zeal of these recent recruits know; but those rules apply just as tends to lessen if we turn our atten­ much to politics. I think it would be tion to other things, thinking that a good idea to remember the formula now that there is such a broad move­ he gave us. As I remember it, he said ment we can leave the job for them the victory goes to the one who hits to do. I wish we could; but experience first, hits oftenest, hits hardest, and has proved that we cannot. Such hits last. I think if we combine that people have taken up these issues with another directive to think first, only when they are afraid the Com­ think fastest, think deepest, and think munists will get too broad support if last, we have the perfect characteristic these issues are left only in our hands; for disciples of Lenin and Stalin. and they will maintain their zeal to • • • the degree that they have a little com­ There are a few most important petition from us. We must keep that things we must discuss a little before competition going; especially must we I close-one is aid to Spain and China. help to develop energetically the work I have a feeling we did not discuss of the North American Committee, this question enough in detail at this the Medical Bureau, and the inde­ meeting. The tasks involved are the pendent shipments of food to Spain. immediate tactical expression of our The one American Relief Ship that whole foreign policy, without which was sent, besides feeding many wo- MASTERY OF THEORY AND METHODS OF WORK tS men and children, had a most pro­ that we see that the Party is sensitive found political effect throughout the to this question everywhere, that it world. But if that first ship is fol­ acts in a serious and responsible lowed up with another and another, manner. that is going to be the instrument China becomes a great issue for all that will start a whole series of Amer­ the American people in thi~ coming ican ships carrying food to Spain. year. America is waking up to the I must say a word of emphasis on question of China. We are not doing the question of the veterans of the enough to help this process, however. Lincoln Brigade, especially those who You know we in America have one of are coming back soon. Some eight or the finest magazines, published any­ nine hundred are on their way. These where, about China. But this maga­ boys who came from almost every zine, China Today, which receives state in the Union, who were the am­ universal praise among all who know bassadors of American democracy to anything about China and its impor­ the Spanish republic, are coming back tance, still has a shamefully small enormously enriched in experience circulation. This shows that we are and having undergone some terrific not giving sufficient attention to Chi­ trials. They are going to need our na. We must understand that China help to be fully reabsorbed into the is one of the keys to winning the daily life which has become so strange American people for our whole peace to them, having lived in a world of policy. war, the most barbarous kind of war, • • • most of them for the last two years. In the coming session of Congress, We must in an organized way, very we are going to fight for the repeal or patiently and systematically, help es­ fundamental amendment of the Neu­ tablish the guarantees everywhere, trality Law. This is the next big step that each one in his own community, in the establishment of a positive in his own state, is absorbed ·back peace policy for America. There can into the everyday life of our people so be no fight for peace which is not that the great contributions they have resistance to fascist aggression. There to make to us will become possible. can be no peace policy that does not They are not coming back with these discriminate between the fascist ag­ great contributions all tied up in a gressor and the victims. There can be bundle in their pockets ready to pull no positive peace policy which does out and show you; only in after years not help the victims against aggres­ will you be able to measure the tre­ sion. And in the fight for the amend­ mendous addition to our forces that ment to the Neutrality Law, let us these boys are going to be. Potentially be careful not to fall for the false is­ they are a great force, but how much sues of reaction which will always try of that we realize depends upon how to avoid a head-on struggle, to tangle ~eriously we take this problem. I up the issue in a lot of side issues. hope that everyone of us takes spe­ The reactionaries raise a great cry cially to heart the appeal of the that to vest discretion in the Presi­ Friends of the Lincoln Brigade and dent to decide who is the aggressor THE COMMUNIST and who is not is a step towards the up the unity of the people and come creation of a fascist dictatorship in back to power, playing social security America. And they say in order to against national security and national guard against fascism at home we security against social security. must continue to help fascism abroad. We must make it clear to the peo­ We must expose the shameful false­ ple of America that, while we want ness of this position. social security for the entire people, It does not make any difference to its achievement is threatened by fas­ us who puts the official finger on the cist aggression, which threatens to aggressor, the thing we want to es­ drag the whole world into war. Social tablish is that the finger must be put, security requires the security of the and whether it is Congress or the nation, and every honest American President, we know they can put the citizen, if he accepts the idea of social finger only on one spot, because every­ and national security, will inevitably, one knows who the aggressors are. pursuing those things step by step, We want an embargo against the ag­ have to adopt a world view of peace, gressor governments, and we will sup­ organizing all democratic forces of the port whatever measure promises most Americas as a condition for security surely to attain this. of the United States, the unity of the And that brings me to my final Americas with the oppressed peoples point. In the resolution you have and the democratic forces of Europe, adopted this evening, you will notice the leadership of America in organiz­ that it finished by summarizing the ing the world peace forces, the co­ deliberations of this plenum with the operation of America with the Soviet slogan "For Social and National Se­ Union, for this purpose. curity." This is no dream. Within all cir­ In that formulation are summar­ cles of American society people are ized the needs of the present moment, thinking along these lines. The upper which involve the interests of the bourgeoisie itself is divided on this people of America, and which, con­ question. Only part of them are ready sistently pursued, step by step, lead to go along Chamberlain's path, and to the full program which we propose those who are not ready to go with for the democratic front. There is Chamberlain already realize con­ special value in this particular com­ sciously that they must go with the bination of four words: Social and Soviet Union. The people are facing National Security. In the coming Con­ this issue, and with this slogan, of gress the reactionaries will come for­ social and national security, we can ward as the champions of a national become ten-fold more effective in con­ security to which social security must tributing to the organization of the be sacrificed. And we are going to democratic front in America, welding have all the muddleheads of the Nor­ into a solid force the majority that man Thomas type come forward and will guarantee the victory for the demand social security without na­ people of America, victory for the de­ tional security. And from these two mocracies of the world, in the coming angles reaction is going to try to break struggle. LENIN-HIS MEANING FOR US TODAY

BY ROBERT MINOR

IFTEEN years ago the man who This leading section of society is the Fembodied the most powerful mind working class; and within this class and will that the world possessed died its most conscious, self-sacrificing and at the early age of 54, having more self-disciplined members constitute profoundly affected the course of civ­ the revolutionary political party o£ ilization than has any other man that which Lenin became the modern ever lived. founder, organizer and teacher. It is The life of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin necessary to emphasize this, because was cast in the time of the rise of im­ Lenin could not have lived as he did perialism, a time when all of the back­ and performed his world-shaking ward countries of the world that re- deeds-Lenin could not have been , mained under the shadows of feudal­ Lenin-separate and apart from the ism were being drawn into the orbit Party he created, the Communist of modern capitalism, and into that Party. The work of Lenin and of imperialism which is the most para­ Stalin is the continuation and the sitic and predatory stage of capitalism development to further heights of the -and its last stage. The time had work of Marx and Engels-in the new come when mankind was at last con­ and terrific times of this century. sciously to seize upon the blind forces "Leninism is Marxism in the epoch of history to become finally master of of imperialism and of proletarian its own fate; and Lenin was the revolution," said the greatest disciple genius who became history's best in­ who continues the leadership of strument for developing that con­ Lenin. sciousness and that action. Lenin's life was an organic part of "But if Leninism were only the applica­ the life and struggles of the section of tion of Marxism to the particular situation in Russia it would be purely a national, and human society which alone has the only a national, a purely Russian, and only capacity to act as the leading agency a Russian, phenomenon."- (Stalin.) of all mankind in bringing it out of the chaos of imperialism and war, And Lenin was not merely a Rus­ poverty and regimented ignorance, sian. To the best of England he was and to lead it up to the sunlit heights also an Englishman; to the true of an economically ordered life of France he was a Frenchman, to the universal wealth and freedom for de­ real Germany, a German-and we, velopment of all men and women. well, we claim this great cosmopolitan 'tHE COMMUNIST leader to be inseparable from our class, "scientifically" squeezing several own United States of America! times as much work out of the worker, pitilessly wearing him down, • • • etc. He showed in striking figures the Nothing gives a clearer conception effects in raising the productivity of of Lenin's magnitude as world' leader labor, but with the throwing of work­ -the cosmopolitan character of his ers out of industry by a capitalist use work-than the many observations he of this system. He wrote: made over a long period of years on ''What a success of productive laborl-but events in this country in which he the pay of the worker is raised, not four saw represented the most advanced times, but only one and a half times, at the forms of capitalist economic develop­ most-and this only for a while. As soon as ment and the corresponding political the worker becomes habituated to the new system his wages are reduced back to the old institutions. It was inevitable and level. The capitalist receives an enormous natural that he evinced keen interest profit, but the worker labors four times as in the United States over a long intensively, wearing out his nerves and period of thirty-odd years. The huge muscles four times faster." • and rapid development of the ma­ Without denying the progressive chine technique and mass production nature of such a system of organiza­ and its inevitable effects upon Amer­ tion of mass production in the ulti­ ica and the world held Lenin's atten­ mate sense, Lenin pointed out that tion constantly, and his running com­ the European capitalists "following ments on American factory methods in the wake of the Yankee" were during the years leading up to the adopting from America- World War are today startlingly in­ formative. In 1913, he wrote: :·. . . not the democratic institutions, not the political freedom, not the republican "American capitalism stands ahead of all. structure of the state-but the latest exam­ The greatest development of technique, ples of exploitation of the worker." •• greatest rapidity of progress-all of this com­ pels old Europe to follow in the wake of Five years later it was my privilege the Yankee." • to hear Lenin speak on the applica­ The application of the Taylor sys­ tion of the Taylor system, not to ex­ tem in the years preceding the war ploitation of labor, but to the indus­ was for Lenin a matter of great sig­ tries of the socialist state; to the nificance. Considered as a method ap­ building of a free socialist society. plied under the capitalist system, he What a difference! In this applica­ described the process of reducing the tion, it meant, not slavery, but eman­ number of workers required for a cipation; not the wearing out of men given operation, and the catastrophic and women, but their winning of immediate results for the working abundance and guaranteed leisure in a wealthy socialist society; not mil­ lions in a condition of unemployment • V. I. Lenin, Vol. XVI, p. 341. This and all the following citations from Lenin, ex­ and starvation, but the right to work cept where otherwise stated, are translations from the Russian (Second Edition) of • Vol. XVII, pp. 247-48. Lenin's Collected Works. •• Vol. XIX, p. 340· LENIN-HIS MEANING FOR US TODAY for all, under the Stalinist Constitu­ is something that is undoubtedly realizable tienl in view of the present stage of development of associations of every kind and of the high • • • level of development of transportation and communication." • Lenin's particular interest in Amer­ ican agriculture began not later than He used the American example to smash the arguments of Russian op­ 1905, and there could hardly be a better example of self-discipline than portunists who thought large-scale and the fact that this intellectual giant­ corporation farming were "decaying" in the middle of the vortex of world in America, and that the free land of war, while giving leadership to the America could lead to something immediate world struggle against war other than capitalism. -was able so well to dispose of his • • • time as to sit down and compose a In closest connection with this in­ profound study of the situation and development of far-away American terest in the purely technical marvels farming and the conditions of life of of development of American society the American farmer! But again, in was Lenin's fascination with the prob­ lems of political development of the the case of agriculture, this interest working class under these most ad­ was inevitable because, as he wrote vanced American conditions. He in 1914: penetrated deeply into the writings "An advanced country of the most modern of Marx and Engels on the earliest capitalism offers particular interest for a aspects of this subject, of which he study of the social structure of modern agri­ culture and its evolution. The United States wrote: has no rival that can equal it in the rapidity "In Anglo-American Socialism Marx and of development of capitali~m at the end of Engels most sharply criticized its isolation the nineteenth and beginning of the twen­ from the masses. The red thread running tieth centuries, nor in the peak of develop· through all of the manifold references to ment it has already attained, nor in the vast­ the Social-Democratic Federation in England ness of the area to which it applies a tech­ and to the American Socialists amounts to nique of equipment in accord with the last the accusation that they distorted Marxism word of science-adapted to the remarkable into a dogma, into a 'petrified orthodoxy,' variety of natural and historical conditions­ that they saw in it a 'symbol of faith and nor in the political freedom and cultural not a guide to action'; that they were unable level of the masses of the population. This to adapt themselves to the labor movement, country is in many respects the model and theoretically helpless but vital, massive and ideal of our bourgeois civilization." • powerful, in motion around them." •• But Lenin, as always, saw the po­ And: litical connotations: "In such countries where there is no So­ "He who controls the banks, directly con­ cial-Democratic workers' party, no Social­ trols one-third of the American farms and Democratic deputies in parliament, no sort indirectly dominates all of them. The organ­ of systematic, steadfast Social-Democratic ization of production in accordance with one politic$ either in elections or in the press, general plan on a million farms supplying etc.-in 11uch countrie& Marx and Engels over one-half the total agricultural output • Ibid., p. 643. • Vol. XVII, p. 575· jOe Vol. XI, P· 160.

p. p. • • Vol. Vol. XVII, XVII, 41. 41. The The Communist, Communist, January, January, 1928. 1928.

tions tions in in the the United United States," States," translated translated in in

•• •• V. V. See: See: I. I. Lenin, Lenin, "The "The Presidential Presidential Elec­

p. p. •Ibid., •Ibid., 174. 174.

porting porting labor," labor," he he wrote wrote in in 1913: 1913:

ica, ica, the the land land that that stood stood first first in in

"im­

Census Census reports reports of of and and and and 1900 1900 1910, 1910,

conversations conversations with with him. him. About About Amer­ ers," ers," making making use use both both of of the the U. U. S. S.

tance, tance, as as I I had had occasion occasion to to learn learn from from the the head head of of countries countries importing importing work­

tional tional groups groups a a corresponding corresponding impor­ the the United United States, States, that that it it "stands "stands at at

tries, tries, and and attributed attributed to to the the various various na­ extremely extremely important important characteristic characteristic of of

the the working working in in the the class class basic basic indus­

Lenin Lenin gave gave careful careful study study to to that that

of of America America constitute constitute

a a huge huge mass mass of of

• • • • • •

the the fact fact that that the the immigrant immigrant workers workers

Nevertheless, Nevertheless, he he took took close close account account of of ments" ments" of of revolutionary revolutionary character. character.

his his father father and and mother mother were were born, born, etc. etc. upon upon its its program program as as having having "ele­

rade rade was was a a "native "native American," American," where where change change in in this this respect, respect, commenting commenting

eagerly eagerly inquired inquired whether whether the the com­ but but for for years years he he hoped hoped for for some some

to to an an American American comrade comrade and and he he Party, Party, he he saw saw a a deadly deadly sectarianism; sectarianism;

stance stance in in when when I I introduced introduced him him 1921 1921 he he was was sharp. sharp. In In the the Socialist Socialist Labor Labor

such such developments. developments. I I recall recall an an in­ time time of of Marx's Marx's and and Engels' Engels' criticisms, criticisms,

of of American American workers workers would would manifest manifest over over with with modern modern variants, variants, from from the the

the the problem problem of of native native when when the the mass mass opportunism opportunism of of the the Socialists, Socialists, carried carried

Lenin Lenin centered centered an an avid avid interest interest on on is is enlightening enlightening today. today. • • • • Against Against the the

among among these these immigrant immigrant workers, workers, Theodore Theodore Roosevelt Roosevelt in in this this connection connection

United United States States was was found found mainly mainly of of the the "Bull "Bull Moose" Moose" movement movement of of

the the fact fact that that the the Socialist Socialist trend trend in in the the ment ment of of mass mass proportions. proportions. His His study study

However, However, noting noting in in the the years years 1917-18 1917-18 last last of of a a revolutionary revolutionary Socialist Socialist move­

hoped hoped

then then for for a a steady steady growth growth at at

tariat." tariat." • •

tion tion of of

delighted delighted

him, him, and and he he 1912 1912

vanced vanced

international international

army army

of of

the the prole­

a a vote vote of of

Soo,ooo Soo,ooo by by Debs Debs in in the the elec­

and and puts puts them them into into the the ranks ranks of of the the ad­

class-consciousness. class-consciousness. The The winning winning of of from from conditions conditions almost almost of of the the Middle Middle Ages, Ages,

of of workers workers of of backward backward Eastern Eastern Europe Europe ...... ing ing of of an an American American revolutionary revolutionary

"American "American capitalism capitalism tears tears loose loose millions millions every every evidence evidence of of the the inevitable inevitable ripen­

of of all all events events in in America, America, looking looking for for

migration migration of of peoples. peoples.

He He constantly constantly searched searched the the reports reports

this this phenomenon phenomenon of of modern modern mass mass

versely) versely) "progressiveness" "progressiveness" of of the the workers, workers, of of has has no no equal equal in in the the world." world." • •

art art of of deceiving, deceiving, debasing debasing and and bribing bribing the the ondly, ondly, from from the the point point of of view view (con­

triumphant, triumphant, smug smug bourgeoisie bourgeoisie which, which, in in the the

with with its its European European rivals-and, rivals-and, sec­

torical torical tasks-was tasks-was entirely. entirely. overrun overrun by by the the

pose pose of of more more successful successful competition competition

absolute absolute absence absence of of bourgeois-democratic bourgeois-democratic his­

Leviathan Leviathan of of capitalism capitalism for for the the pur­ cal cal arena arena in in these these countries-with countries-with an an almost almost

tion" tion" of of laborers laborers by by this this American American almost almost no no political political independence. independence. The The politi­

~anifested ~anifested and and America, America, the the proletariat proletariat had had the the point point of of view view of of the the "importa­

last last third third of of the the nineteenth nineteenth century,in century,in England England

of of this this question, question, taking taking

it it first first

from from

litically litically to to arouse arouse the the proletariat. proletariat. For, For, in in the the

some some of of the the most most interesting interesting studies studies

po· po· selves selves with with the the labor labor movement, movement, in in order order

late late Dr. Dr. Isaac Isaac Hourwich. Hourwich. Lenin Lenin wrote wrote narrow narrow sectarianism sectarianism and and to to connect connect them­

of of the the book book on on immigration immigration taught taught by by at at the the the the all all Socialists Socialists costs costs to to break break the the

THE THE COMMUNIST COMMUNIST LENIN-HIS MEANING FOR US TODAY

"The bourgeoisie incites the workers of fact that the American Negroes in the one nation against the workers of another, South are given separate or "racial" trying to divide them. The conscious work­ schools (one of the "demands" of the ers, understanding the inevitability and pro­ gressiveness of the breaking down of all "cultural autonomists" in Russia), national partitions set up by capitalism, try and that all of the worst brutalities to aid the enlightenment and organization continued, such as a 44 per cent il­ ·of their comrades from backward coun· literacy among Negroes. He finished tries." • with biting sarcasm: • • • "In the South there are separate schools­ Lenin followed with close attention 'national' or race schools, if you like-for Negroes. It seems that this is the only ex­ every event that related to the Ameri­ ample of 'nationalization' of the school in can Negroes. In 1913, he made a com­ reality." • parison between the American Negro, He followed who had reduced his illiteracy to 44Y'2 in the most detailed per cent, and the Russian peasant, way the cultural reflections of the huge machine who was still illiterate to the extent development of Amer­ ican society. of 73 per cent. This was done from For instance, the report of the New the point of view of a search for the York Public Library for traces of slavery and serfdom remain­ 1gu, after the institution had been removed to the new buildino- at Fifth ing in America and in Russia, respec­ ~ tively, and Lenin laid the relative ad­ Avenue and Forty-second Street, gave vance of the Negro to the fact that Lenin the basis for a fierce attack on the American emancipation had been the tsarist monarchy's obscurantist accomplished by means "less reform­ policy of restricting the use of the ist" than that of the Russian peasants. Russian libraries, and for a ringing However, he pointed 'out that the il­ demand that the libraries be made ac­ literacy of white persons in the cessible "to the masses, to the crowd, to the street." Lenin wrote enthusias­ former slave territory was 11 to 12 per cent, as compared to 4 and 6 per tically about even the smallest detail cent of illiteracy in other. territory, of the New York library's attractions: and wound up with the words: "The total number of volumes is now approximately 2,000,000. It happened that "The. traces of slavery weigh not only the first request for a book from a visitor upon the Negro. Shame to America for the in the reading room was in the condition of the Negroes!" •• Russian language. This was for a work of N. Groth, His concern with the American The Moral Ideals of Our Times. The appli­ Negro is shown in extensive examina­ cation slip for the book was given in at g:o8 A.M. The book was delivered to the tion of the Negro sharecropper, and reader at g: 15 A.M." •• again in polemizing against the op­ portunists who advocated "cultural­ He revelled in delight with the ex­ national autonomy" for oppressed ample of efficiency. Then follows a peoples within imperialist states. thorough ana enthusiastic description Lenin called sharply to attention the of the number of book~ given out on

• Ibid., p. 42. • Vol. XVII, p. 147. u Vol. XVI, p. 299. •• Vol. XVI, PP· 529·30. THE COMMUNIST

cards and used by visiting readers, old tsarist Russia upon this key ques­ and 2o,ooo volumes on open shelves; tion, and masses mobilized against the branch libraries in Manhattan, the autocracy. His short, concise, the Bronx and Richmond, "42 sharp-cutting statement of the essence branches and soon they will have 43,'' of this question, written in the reso­ with the aim that no resident will be lution of the 1912 Conference of the further than "three-quarters of a Party, gives the gist of the problem: verst" from a branch library, he ex­ claimed. Of course, Lenin made use "The best form of workers' insurance is of the New York library to attack government insurance, arranged on the fol­ lowing basis: savagely the "dark" regime of the "a. It should secure the workers in all tsar; "That is the order of things ex­ cases of loss by them of their working ca­ isting in New York. But with us?" pacity (mutilation, illness, age, invalidism; for women, besides that, pregnancy and LENIN ON TqDAY'S MOST URGENT childbirth; compensation for widows and PROBLEMS orphans after death of the breadwinner), or, in case of loss of wages through unemploy­ However, if we learn anything ment; from Lenin, it must be, first of all, "b. Insurance should include all persons of wage labor and their families; the lesson of concrete application of "c. All insured persons should be com­ our principles to the exact situation pensated ori the principle of replacing tht! and problems that are decisive here entire wages, whilst all expenses of insur­ and now. ance should fall upon the employer and the We, the Communist Party of. the government. "d. All aspects of the insurance should be United States, have just held a controlled bJ a single insurance organization, Plenum of our National Committee. built on the territorial type and on the foun­ We formed important judgments and dation of full self-government of the in­ passed momentous decisions, the sum­ sured." • ming up of which brought the Party the slogan: "Social and National Se­ I think this remains the most valid curity." statement of the essential principles What, directly and immediately, of social insurance, fresh and vital as are the lessons of Leninism in respect a general guiding line today every­ to the two aspects (inseparable as­ where under modern industry-pro­ vided we carry out also the Leninist pects) of our present central slogan? principle of considering and allowing

SOCIAL SECURITY for the exact concrete conditions of the time and place; and, he warned, Lenin was the best master in the of course, if this is not done, the re­ field of struggle for social security. sult is anything but Leninism. He studied both the Russian and the But for Americans it is well to re­ American aspects of workers' insur­ mark here that a close bearing upon ance many years before this question all matters of social security is to be had received any special attention found in Lenin's study of the results here. Under his leadership, the most brilliant fight was carried on in the • Vol. XV, p. 585. LENIN-HIS MEANING FOR US TODAY 31

of the United States federal income way of struggle for peace, the question tax following the Sixteenth Amend­ of the national security of the United ment of the U.S. Constitution, on the States. basis of which amendment, largely, "Projects for a new 'Munich' settlei:I\ent the system of federal relief and gov­ for Spain now being hatched in Paris by ernment responsibility for economic Chamberlain and Halifax, in conjunction need of the population became legal­ with Daladier and Bonnet, according to the dictates of Hitler and Mussolini, thus strike ly possible. Lenin helps us to discover clearly against Latin America in the first America. And when he shows what place; they constitute a dagger at the heart wealth for all is already now within of American security against the fascist mad­ reach through the full application of ness flooding Europe, Africa and Asia." • the splendid technical equipment that We are in a period of war. Open we already possess, he opens up a vista war in Europe and Asia. that should be seen by every Ameri­ .can in these times. "The second imperialist war, a robber war for a new repartition of the world, has NATIONAL SECURITY in fact already begun. It is already raging in various corners of the globe. In Spain and But what can we learn from Lenin China the fascist butchers are doing their that will help us understand the other abominable work. More than 5oo,ooo,ooo aspect of our present main slogan, in­ human beings have been hurled into the abyss of bloody destruction. War threatens divisible from it-National Security? to spread to new territories and to involve Comrade Browder, in his recent re­ new peoples. Hundreds of millions of peo­ port to the Plenum of the National ple are menaced with attack by the fascist Committee of the Communist Party, beasts of prey." ("The ust Anniversary of presented in succinct terms the situ­ the great October Socialist Revolution."­ Manifesto of the Communist International, ation confronting our country in this November 7, 1938.) ... hour: Lenin was, foremost of all men who "Against the background of Munich our ever lived, the leader of the struggle people now begin to underst~nd the new Japanese aggressions, and the insolent Jap­ against war. We, the Communists, anese demand that the United States accept more now than at any time, need to its closed door in the Far East. Chamber­ understand and to be· able to follow lain's boasted 'peace pact' with Hitler is his teachings in the struggle against seen in its true light as the removal of the British fleet as an obstacle to Hitler's plans war. for conquest of Latin America. The Munich There are people today who bend Pact, unloosing the floodgates of reaction every energy to distort, belie and re­ over Europe, strengthening Japanese aggres­ verse those teachings with easy vul­ sion in China, threatening Latin America garities in the interests of the war­ with large-scale fascist penetration, moving through the Empire ties to bring Canada makers themselves, the fascist hang­ into its orbit, clearly envisages the encircle­ men of the peoples. ment of the United States by the new coali­ There is a huge and bloody war in tion of the fascist powers with the imperial­ China. Is there an honest non-fascist ist ruling circles of Britain and France.... " • Social and National Security, by Earl Thus is raised sharply the question Browder, Workers Library Publishers, pp. 3·4· of resisting fascist aggression as the •• The Communist, December, 1938.

York. York.

New New

Publishers, Publishers, tional tional

republic? republic? Spanish Spanish the the of of tisans tisans

:ng, :ng, Interna­ War, War, p. p. Imperialist Imperialist Lenin, Lenin, • •

must must par­ be be democrat democrat of of name name the the

worthy of of worthy men men all all and and Communists. Communists. have have Communists Communists basis basis this this On On

that that peace-and peace-and

for· for· prerequisite prerequisite the the • • terialism." terialism."

is is invader invader fascist fascist the the of of out out driving driving ma­ dialectical dialectical Marx's Marx's of of view view of of point point the the

from from individually, individually, war war each each of of study study torical torical the the that that liberation, liberation, national national of of war war

his­ an an of of necessity necessity the the

recognize recognize we we

that that

a a is is republic republic Spanish Spanish the the of of side side the the

in in anarchists anarchists the the and and pacifists pacifists the the from from both both

on on war war the the that that deny deny anyone anyone Can Can

differ differ Marxists Marxists We We bourgeoisie. bourgeoisie. the the against against

man. man. workers workers wage wage of of landowners, landowners, the the against against

honest honest no no But But axis. axis. serfs serfs lin-Rome-Tokyo lin-Rome-Tokyo of of slave-holders, slave-holders, the the against against slaves slaves

of of oppressor, oppressor, the the against against class class oppressed oppressed Ber· Ber· the the to to adhere adhere must must and and Hearst, Hearst,

an an i.e., i.e., of of wars wars war, war, civil civil of of necessity necessity the the and and

and and Hess Hess Rudolph Rudolph with with liaison liaison in in

progressivism progressivism the the justice, justice, the the recognize recognize we we

is is who who Trotsky Trotsky Mr. Mr. including including wise, wise,

that that in in and and Socialism, Socialism, creating creating and and classes classes

other­ says says world world the the all all of of sewage sewage eliminating eliminating without without wars wars eliminating eliminating of of ity ity

fascist fascist the the impossibil­ But But the the peace? peace? no no understand understand be be we we will will other, other, and and the the on on

country country the the inside inside struggle struggle class class and and hand hand be be can can there there which which of of winning winning the the

one one the the on on wars wars between between connection connection ble ble

without without struggle, struggle, Ethiopia's Ethiopia's of of port port

insepara­ the the understand understand we we that that in in first first the the

sup­ in in capacity capacity his his in in all all do do to to strive strive

from from differ differ We We anarchists. anarchists. and and pacifists pacifists geois geois

not not does does who who progress progress and and labor labor bour­ the the of of that that from from principle principle in in differs differs

however, however, war, war, toward toward to to attitude attitude Our Our adherence adherence tial: tial: claiming claiming anyone anyone there there is is

bes­ and and barbarous barbarous as as peoples peoples between between wars wars butchers­ Mussolini's Mussolini's against against people people

condemned condemned always always have have Socialists Socialists "The "The

Ethiopian Ethiopian the the of of struggle struggle magnificent magnificent

1915: 1915: August, August, in in said said Lenin Lenin the the of of reawakening reawakening present present the the In In

today. today. peace peace to to road road only only other! other! the the on on

the the is is Leninism Leninism axis axis Yes, Yes, today? today? of of lem lem Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Rome-Berlin-Tokyo the the and and side side

prob­ our our one one clearly clearly on on see see to to China China now now with with us us one one is is help help war war the the For For

Leninism Leninism Can Can view. view. this this world? world? the the oppose oppose of of press, press, peoples peoples militarist militarist nese nese

Japa­ and and the the Mussolini Mussolini of of the the press, press, subjection subjection Nazi Nazi bloody bloody toward toward drive drive

fascist fascist the the of of the the face face as as the the in in scum, scum, and and Munich Munich Trotskyite Trotskyite the the But But

of of crime crime the the after after today today us us before before China? China? of of out out armies armies Japanese Japanese

are are that that war war of of .aspects .aspects the the on on Lenin Lenin the the of of driving driving the the include include not not does does

of of position position the the that that was was way way then, then, any any in in What, What, w.orld w.orld the the for for won won

mittee. mittee. be be can can peace peace that that believe believe anyone anyone does does

Com­ Dies Dies the the Or Or of of war? war? Barron Barron this this in in Sam Sam of of type type partisans partisans be be must must

democrats) democrats) honest honest the the all all of of (and (and "observers" "observers" workers workers military military fascist fascist

and and the the provocateurs provocateurs of of school school Communists, Communists, the the that that add add doubts doubts who who

must must we we Hess; Hess; Rudolph Rudolph and and Trotsky Trotsky anyone anyone there there Is Is China? China? of of cause cause the the

by by organized organized agents agents espionage espionage the the of of in in partisans partisans become become to to duty duty a a ·have ·have

scum scum "Chowderhead" "Chowderhead" the the except except war, war, men men honest honest all all that that and and liberation, liberation,

national national its its in in republic republic Spanish Spanish the the of of of of war war national national just just a a is is cause cause China's China's

defense defense the the oppose oppose to to as as low low so so ment ment that that deny deny will will who who democrat democrat honest honest

move­ labor labor the the of of be be to to claiming claiming single single a a there there Is Is republic? republic? Chinese Chinese

person person no no is is there there world world the the all all In In the the for for struggle struggle partisan partisan wholehearted wholehearted

this. this. Trotsky-oppose Trotsky-oppose accomplice accomplice their their a a with with only only saved saved be be can can peace peace that that

Mussolini-and Mussolini-and and and Hitler Hitler Only Only see see cannot cannot who who world world whole whole the the in in

COMMUNIST COMMUNIST THE THE LENIN-HIS MEANING FOR US TODAY 33 never been passive, but always ac­ glorious tradition were followed by tive participants in all events of his­ the Abraham Lincoln Battalion in tory in their time. In the Wars of Spain which, in holding back the fas­ 1848 throughout Europe, the early cist war-makers, has done more for Communists, led by Marx and Engels, peace than any others! were everywhere partisans on that Nowhere is there any record of suc­ side which expressed the progressive cessful defense of peace through an cause, toward the overthrow of abso­ attitude of "appeasement" toward lutism, toward the liberation of peo· war-makers. ples from national oppression. In the Franco-Prussian War of The American Civil War of 1861 1870-71, the Communist movement was the occasion for the first big ac­ again took sides, under the leader­ tion of international solidarity of the ship of Marx and Engels, because, as Communist organizations of the Lenin expressed it: world, an example which has its latest "The war of 1870-71 was historically pro­ fulfillment in the heroic international gressive on Germany's side up to the defeat volunteers and other actions for of Napoleon Ill, because both he and the Spain. Marx and Engels, the foun­ tsar had long 9ppressed Germany, keeping ders of the First International, de­ it in a state of feudal decentralization." • clared that "from the commencement It is clear that in the World War of the titanic American strife the of 1914 Lenin followed the line of working men of Europe felt instinc­ revolutionary socialism charted by tively that the Star-Spangled Banner Marx and Engels on the basis again carried the destiny of their class," • of a concrete study of that particular and in support of Lincoln's govern­ war. It was a predatory-an imperial­ ment the Communists carried through ist war on both sides; this was the de­ that first great international action of cisive thing. For this reason Lenin proletarian solidarity in defense of de­ and his Party declared: mocracy-the recruiting of volunteers "Turning the present imperialist war into in Germany, England and Ireland to civil war i.s the only correct proletarian slo­ come to the defense of the American gan. It is indicated by the experiences of the republic against the pro-slavery in­ Commune, it was outlined by the Basle reso­ surrection of the Southern rebel gen­ lution (1912) and it follows from all the erals. Communists leaders such as conditions of an imperialist war among high­ ly developed bourgeois countries. However Joseph Weydemeyer received commis­ difficult such transformation may appear at sions as officers from President Lin­ one time or another, Socialists will never re­ coln. Were Marx and Engels right­ linquish systematic, insistent, unflinching or was there some other "road to preparatory work in this direction once war peace" than the suppression of the has become a fact." • • pro-slavery insurrection? History has "Sociali~t" opportunists and cen­ proved them right. What logic and trists, of whom Trotsky was the ex­ • Karl Marx and Frederick Engels, ample of the most dishonest, became "Address of the International "'orking­ men's Association to Abraham Lincoln," The Civil War in the United States, p. 279, • Lenin, Imperialist War, p. 228. International Publishers, New York. u Ibid., p. 82. THE COMMUNIST

in 1914 the destroyers of the Inter­ as Lenin did, to examine concretely national and the most effective assis­ the war situation as it is today-in the tants to the imperialist butchers. In condition of the fascist offensive against Lenin's opinion, among the worst of world peace and democracy-and when, these was Trotsky, who rejected and on the basis of such concrete examina­ fought savagely against the revolu­ tion, we issue the slogan "For Social tionary Bolshevik slogan of "Defeat and National Security." one's own government." Without that concrete Leninist Trotsky aided the Russian tsarist examination, blundering blindly on government by trying to win the So­ the basis of a preconceived pattern of cialists away from the revolutionary the past war, many sincere haters of defeatist program of Lenin, by means war can be victimized with the claim of the demagogic catchword, "Neither that peace can be had by "appease­ victory nor defeat." ment" of the fascist war-makers-by This rotten, deceitful slogan ex­ conceding South America to the con­ pressed, according to Lenin, the chau­ quest of Hitler, as Hoover proposed; vinism that was at the bottom of by a policy of "isolation" that is only Trotsky's outlook. Said Lenin: a cover for acquiescence in the con­ quest of the world by fascism; and by "The Organization Committee, as well as a policy of "neutrality" which in real­ Bukvayed and Trotsky, put themselves en­ tirely on •he same ground with David [the ity makes our country an auxiliary of German Social-Democratic supporter of the the fascist dictatorships, who receive Kaiser] when they defend the slogan from us their war materials while 'Neither victory nor defeat.'" commanding us to boycott each And again: democratic nation in turn that they wish to invade and destroy. Without "The advocates of victory for 'one's own' that Leninist examination, sincere government in the present war, as well as the advocates of the slogan 'Neither victory workers can be deceived by hideous nor defeat,' proceed equally from the stand­ distortions of "revolutionary" phrases, point of social chauvinism." • to take a position that only helps the friends of "Generalissimo" Franco, The correctness of the policy of Wilhelm Hermann Goering, General Lenin is proved by the existence and Balbo, and Neville Chamberlain in role of the great socialist state, tower­ respect to the "neutrality" of bour­ ing as the stronghold of peace in the geois-democratic nations toward surrounding chaos of Europe and Spain, China, Ethiopia! Asia. We will examine the matter in the We are applying the principles of light of the words and deeds of Lenin Leninism when we teach the masses, himself. (To be continued in the • Ibid., p. 234· February issue.) LENIN AND THE AMERICAN REVOLUTIONARY HERITAGE

BY RUDY BAKER

URING the most critical days of ly affected by the ideologies of econo­ D the great Russian Revolution, in mism and syndicalism. In this forma­ August, 1918, when the young social­ tive period the revolutionary fore­ ist republic was fighting for its ex­ runners of the present day Commu­ istence against the White Guard nist Party sought their inspiration troops of the tsarist generals and the and revolutionary lessons almost sole­ armies of foreign intervention (among ly in the histories and experiences of them American troops), Lenin wrote European revolutions. Revolutionary his famous Letter to American Work­ Marxism had as yet developed no firm ers. • In this letter, the greatest Marx­ native· roots. ist of our time explained the signifi­ Lenin toiled and fought for revo­ cance and the tasks of the first socialist lutionary Marxism and for the pro­ victory, appealed for political aid letarian revolution for two decades from the American proletariat; and before the American working class took the occasion to point out, for learned of his existence and his the first time, the existence of the mighty work. The opportunist lead­ deep-rooted revolutionary traditions ers of the Second International, whose of the American people. In this re­ revisionist line had paralyzed the So­ markable docufllent Lenin opened the cialist movement in America as else­ broad vista of American history for where (except in Russia, where Lenin Marxist study and evaluatioa, declar­ defeated them in his epic struggle ing: against Menshevism and its centrist brand), pursued a deliberate conspir­ "The American people has a revolutionary tradition adopted by the best representatives acy of silence against Lenin and the of the American proletariat.... This tradi· Bolsheviks. While the opportunists tion is the war of liberation against the polluted the well springs of revolu­ English in the eighteenth century and the tionary Marxism and quarantined the Civil War in the nineteenth century." (Em­ profound contributions of Lenin, the phasis mine-R.B.) revolutionary Socialist forces in Amer­ This profound observation did not ica were turning to syndicalist ideolo­ bear immediate fruit. The rising Left gies and purely trade union activities Socialist movement was still too deep- in instinctive, violent protest against the shameful reformism of the Social­ • V.I. Lenin, Letter to American Workers. International Publishers, New York. ist Party. The predominantly healthy THE COMMUNIST membership of this party, deprived of language. Bourgeois historians and their best leaders (among them Fos­ July Fourth orators were given the ter and Haywood) were, by the ex­ monopoly of the revolutionary tradi­ pulsions of 1908 and 1912, for the mo­ tions of the nation. Their interpreta­ ment unguided and helpless against tion of history and claim to all revo­ the ruthless, opportunist officialdom lutionary traditions went unchal­ backed by the Second International. lenged. Disdain and contempt marked The reformist character of the So­ the more extreme sectarian comments cialist Party leadership is partly re­ on history in those days. Perhaps the flected in the fact that this party of worst distortions were to be found in one hundred thousand members did the circles which considered George not publish any original Marxist Washington solely as a landowner studies and possessed no theoretical and slaveholder, Jefferson a petty­ organ. Theoretical poverty was con­ bourgeois statesman, and Lincoln the sistently encouraged in order to facili­ representative of the bankers and tate the propagation of their reform­ capitalists who freed the slaves as a ist class-collaboration brand of social­ military measure to defeat a tempo­ ism. Marxist classics were published rarily dissident section of American in the United States, on a semi-co­ exploiters. operative basis through the Chas. H. Tom Paine and John Brown were Kerr publishing house, but often the only figures in American revolu­ faultily edited, and with distorting tionary history who received occasion· prefaces. With the emergence of the al honorable mention. And this, not early Left-wing, the monthly maga­ because their profound revolutionary zine, the International Socialist Re­ role was understood or appreciated, view was issued. This fine militant but rather because Paine wrote periodical was, however, marred by against the church and Brown resort­ prevalent sectarian and syndicalist ed to "direct action." This vulgar, tendencies and the absence of clear non-Marxist estimate of history and Marxist theory. The small, withered all-too-light surrender of the revolu­ Socialist Labor Party of that period, tionary traditions of the American claiming the monopoly of Marxism people, in varying degrees, was to be in America, also issued some Marxist found in all the Left currents in literature, but its extreme sectarian­ the labor movement before the World ism and abstractness either repelled War. While the Left-wing forces or atrophied all those within its could point with just pride to really reach. historic militant strike struggles and It can be said that virtually all great progressive battles against the Left elements disdained or ignored corrupt trade union bureaucracy, the American traditions and history. sphere of revolutionary theory was Marx's and Engels' writings on the largely colored by petty-bourgeois ro­ Civil War and their important corres­ manticism; history-in the light of pondence with their followers in the historical materialism-was virtually a United States on American problems closed book, and politics was surren­ were not translated into the English dered to the social reformists. The LENIN AND AMERICAN REVOLUTIONARY HERITAGE 37

Left-wing forces were divided, and American revolutionary events, Lenin pursued vague and diverse paths to wrote of peoples' revolutionary strug­ revolution and socialism. gles for liberation and democracy. The great October Revolution Lenin thus taught us that the people electrified and reorientated the Left­ are the creators and inheritors of the wing forces of this country. Lenin, great bourgeois-democratic revolu­ symbolizing revolutionary Marxism, tionary traditions and that they will loomed victorious and powerful fight unceasingly to defend and ex­ above the shattered conspiracy of tend further the great historic prin­ silence, sabotage, and slander. Lenin's ciples of democracy, liberty and prog­ victory revealed his program, his ress. Lenin taught us to have faith in Party and his profound mastery and the American people as a historically elaboration of Marxist theories, thus progressive and revolutionary force. providing a common aim and pro­ Lenin had restored the great revo­ gram for the revolutionary forces in lutionary traditions of all the early the Socialist Party, in the I.W.W., struggles against the Russian feudal­ and in the A. F. of L. unions. Within ism and tsarism and taught the work­ two years the Communist Party of ers, peasants and oppressed peoples America was founded. of the Russian empire how to utilize The Letter to American Workers these brilliant traditions in the revo­ revealed Lenin as a profound student lution against tsarism and capitalism. of American history and the labor The February and October Revolu­ movement. In this historic document tions of 1917 were the fruits of the Lenin gave us the first Marxist eval­ successful efforts to fuse the national uation of our 1776 War for Indepen­ revolutionary traditions of the peo­ dence when he wrote: ples of Russia with the revolutionary Marxist program of the Bolsheviks. "The history of modern civilized America opens with one of tho~j,e great, really liberat­ Lenin had also taught the French ing, really revolutionary wars of which there workers to restore and claim the tra­ have been so few among the large number of ditions of the great French revolution wars of conquest. . . '. It was a war of the and the Paris commune and to use American people against English robbers them as a basis for mobilizing the who subjected America and held it in colo­ nial slavery as these 'civilized' bloodsuckers people in the revolutionary struggle are even now subjecting and holding in for socialism. He also taught the revo­ colonial slavery hundreds of millions of lutionary proletariat of the twentieth people in India, Egypt, and in all corners century to cherish the heritage of of the world." (Emphasis mine-R.B.) eighteenth century French material­ Lenin also gave us a Marxist eval­ ism. In all this, Lenin manifested pro­ uation of the Civil War in a few clear foundly the international role of Bol­ significant words when he speaks of: shevism.

" ... the greatest, world-historic, progres­ • • • sive and revolutionary significance of the The American Communists were American Civil War of 1861-65." slow to learn the full significance of In these concise references to the Lenin's teaching on revolutionary

International International Publishers, Publishers, New New York. York.

Comrade Comrade Browder Browder has has followed followed the the

• • Earl Earl Browder, Browder, The The People's People's Front, Front, p. p. 244, 244,

ican ican people. people.

the the noble noble past past struggles struggles of of the the Amer­

revaluing revaluing the the history history of of the the American American

movement movement with with the the rich rich traditions traditions of of

the the mighty mighty tasks tasks of of re-examining re-examining and and

and and the the general general people's people's democratic democratic

but but opened opened the the gateway gateway that that leads leads to to

foremost foremost to to have have equipped equipped our our Party Party

The The work work accomplished accomplished so so far far has has

Browder Browder stands stands out out as as the the first first and and

• • • • • •

been been made made in in this this field. field. Comrade Comrade

few few years years considerable considerable progress progress has has

ple. ple.

ed ed to to the the study study of of history. history. In In the the last last

stormy stormy history history of of the the American American peo­

attention attention has has increasingly increasingly been been direct· direct·

that that lie lie in in the the relatively relatively short short but but

litical litical maturing maturing of of the the Party, Party, serious serious

unfolding unfolding the the vast vast lessons lessons and and riches riches

nation. nation. With With the the theoretical theoretical and and po­

tions, tions, scores scores of of comrades comrades have have begun begun

toric toric life life currents currents of of the the American American

ship ship and and brilliant brilliant Marxist Marxist contribu­

Party Party to to probe probe deeper deeper into into the the his­

Lenin Lenin in in Following Following 1918. 1918. his his leader­

nihilism nihilism has has further further encouraged encouraged our our

cated cated to to the the American American workers workers by by

troff's troff's sigmtl sigmtl warning warning against against national national

other other spheres spheres blazed blazed the the trail trail indi­

tion tion to to our our Party. Party. Comrade Comrade Dimi­

Comrade Comrade Browder Browder has has in in this this as as in in

have have constituted constituted a a source source of of inspira­

Lenin Lenin and and Stalin." Stalin." • • integrity integrity in in the the writing writing of of history history

greatest greatest thinkers thinkers of of the the world, world, Marx, Marx, Engels, Engels,

rade rade Stalin Stalin

on on

scientific, scientific,

Bolshevik Bolshevik

nurtured nurtured itself itself upon upon the the teachings teachings of of the the

ful ful and and profound profound writings writings of of Com­

oughly oughly American American precisely precisely because because it it has has

of of mastering mastering Bolshevism. Bolshevism. The The power­ Our Our Party Party has has been been able able to to become become so so thor­

is is my my country, country, to to do do good good is is my my religion.' religion.' our our Party Party has has advanced advanced on on the the road road

slogan slogan of of Tom Tom Paine Paine who who said: said: 'The 'The world world It It is is only only in in recent recent years years that that

best best from from all all the the world, world, it it realizes realizes the the great great

Lovestoneite Lovestoneite

disrupters. disrupters.

t:radition t:radition of of the the melting melting pot pot which which fuses fuses the the

ranks ranks were were cleansed cleansed of of Trotskyite Trotskyite

and and

intellectuals, intellectuals, it it embodies embodies the the great great American American

munist munist International, International, the the Party's Party's flesh flesh of of the the American American workers, workers, farmers farmers and and

ary ary traditions traditions of of our our land, land, it it is is bone bone and and ended ended when, when, with with the the aid aid of of the the Com­

to to itself itself everything everything vital vital in in the the revolution­

internal internal factional factional struggles struggles which which only only

"Today, "Today, the the Communist Communist Party Party has has drawn drawn

and and practice practice was was further further retarded retarded by by

presents presents this this truth: truth: of of mastering mastering Marxist-Leninist Marxist-Leninist theory theory

of of America. America. Comrade Comrade Browder Browder ably ably activities. activities. The The entire entire difficult difficult process process

with with the the history history and and life life of of the the people people ous ous complicated complicated practical practical tasks tasks and and

Party Party are are today today inseparably inseparably linked linked up up time, time, it it was was confronted confronted with with numer­

the the character character and and the the work work of of our our verse verse Left Left labor labor currents. currents. At At the the same same

struggle struggle for for democracy. democracy. The The history, history, into into the the young young party party from from the the di­

ground ground of of the the American American people's people's ceptions ceptions which which were were brought brought along along

labor labor movement movement on on the the general general back­ calist calist ideologies ideologies and and economist economist con­

by by tracing tracing the the rich rich traditions traditions of of the the tages tages of of the the Socialist Socialist Party, Party, of of syndi­

made made further further profound profound contributions contributions the the sectarian sectarian and and opportunist opportunist heri­

troff troff have have set set us. us. Comrade Comrade Foster Foster has has had had the the difficult difficult t.ask t.ask of of overcoming overcoming

Comrade Stalin Stalin Comrade and and Comrade Comrade Dimi­ years years of of illegality illegality and and persecution; persecution; it it

ter ter to to American American Workers Workers and and that that munist munist Party Party passed passed through through several several

lead lead that that Lenin Lenin indicated indicated in in the the Let­ traditions. traditions. The The newly-formed newly-formed Com­

COMMUNIST COMMUNIST THE THE ' LENIN AND AMERICAN REVOLUTIONARY HERITAGE 39

people from the scientific standpoint gogic championship of democracy and of Marxism-Leninism. liberty as an insidious tactic to de­ It is, however, essential that our stroy democracy. Their championing movement fully master the material of liberty has nothing in common and the lessons placed at our disposal with the cause of liberty and demo­ by Comrade Browder and our writers cratic rights of the American people. on history. American revolutionary They strive for the liberty of monopo­ traditions provide us with an invin­ lies and trusts to crush the living con­ cible weapon in the struggle against ditions and the rights of the masses. tory reaction in our country. In this Their demagogic slogan for the right sphere as elsewhere it is a race against to work is a scheme to destroy the time. One essential characteristic of trade unions and the workers' right fascism and reaction in the United to strike. Their cry for liberty con­ States is their resort to "democratic" ceals their desire to destroy the demo­ demagogy and distortion of the revo­ cratic institutions of the country. lutionary traditions of the people. The democratic and revolutionary It is no accident that the tories of traditions of our history are deeply America conceal their vile program rooted in the hearts and minds of the under the name of "Liberty'' League. people. We must understand the tre­ They know full well the inherent at­ mendous social force of these tradi­ tachment of the American people to tions. We must learn their historic democracy and progress. As Comrade sources and master the art of vitaliz­ Browder repeatedly pointed out, they ing these traditions among the people 'are resorting to flank attacks upon in order to combat more effectively the democracy of the people. They are the modern tories. Our struggle for experts at cunning and deception, and the preservation and extension of strive to pose as the champions of democracy and our struggle for social­ democratic traditions and the hard­ ism are the continuation of the Amer­ won democratic rights of the people. ican people's historic struggle for life, 'Ve must learn to expose their dema- liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.

"The struggle within Congress for the enactment of a really progressive program will be fruitful to the extent, and little further, that the whole country is mobilized to watch and ad­ vise Congress, with the people of each district speaking directly to their own Congressman. There will be plenty of reaction­ ary pressure groups working upon the Congressmen, and this pressure of special interests can only be, and must be, offset by mass pressure from the people. We must be ready to cooperate most energetically in every effort in that direction."-Earl Browder, Social and National Security, p. 23. ISOLATIONIST DEFEATISM!

BY WILLIAM Z. FOSTER

OMMUNISTS throughout the world, "The defense of world peace, the defense Cever since the fascist governments of the peoples against armed fascist aggres­ sion, cannot be achieved by wordy pacifist launched their campaigns of treaty­ declarations and invocations. What is needed breaking and war-making, have in­ is active struggle, determined resistance. The sisted that these marauders could be onslaught of armed fascism must be an­ stopped only by a solid and deter­ swered by the mailed fist of the peoples." • mined united front of the democratic, The truth of this statement would peace-loving peoples of the world. seem to be self-evident. But not to The necessity of this policy has been American isolationists. Whether reac­ repeatedly dramatized by the retreats tionaries-Hoover, Hearst and Cough­ of the governments of the bourgeois­ lin-or "progressives"-Beard, Dewey democratic countries before the fascist and Thomas-they oppose in prin­ offensive, with the consequent inva­ ciple any organized international re· sions of China, Ethiopia, Spain, Aus­ sistance to the fascist war-makers. tria and Czechoslovakia, and the Their common policy is to break up gradual development of a spreading all mass resistance to the fascist dic­ second world war, which already has tatorships. Their isolationism, when engulfed one-fourth of the world's it is not active support of fascism, as population. in the case of the reactionaries, is sur­ The sell-out at Munich by Cham­ render to it, as in the case of the berlain and Daladier emphasizes "progressives." Indeed, many "pro­ afresh the need of concerted peace ac­ gressive" isolationists are obviously tion by the democratic peoples. preparing to accept the victory of Munich has greatly strengthened the world fascism as inevitable and are fascist offensive and built up a threat adapting themselves to this perspec­ to peace and democracy all over the tive. This is the central idea in Nor­ world. It makes it more urgent than man Thomas' new book, Socialism on ever that the peace-loving peoples of the Defensive, and in a recent issue of the Nation Oswald G. Villard as. the world develop a resolute stand sures us that he will surrender to fas­ against the fascist barbarians. Dimi­ cism only after he has made "every troff, in his article upon the occasion moral protest." of the twenty-first anniversary of the Russian Revolution, put the issue • See The Communist International, p 977· No. 11. Workers Library Publishers, New squarely: York. ISOLATIONIST DEFEATISM!

WOULD CONCERTED PEACE AcriON isolationists fits right into this defeat­ LEAD TO WAR? ist policy. Thus, says Villard in the Nation: The isolationists of all stripes seek to prevent the people from taking a "Germany came near enough to winning the World War with a military machine determined stand against fascism and which, I believe, was inferior to that of in defense of peace by asserting that Hitler. Certainly, it was not backed by such this would surely provoke the fascist adoration as the youth of Germany have for dictators into war. Moreover, they the Nazi government. Who knows what tac· add, for us it would also be a lost war, tics, what devilish skill, what new weapons, what superior generals this new Germany because of an alleged superior may not produce?'" strength of the fascist powers. Such argumentation goes directly Contrary to this pro-fascist surren­ contrary to th"1 facts of the world situ­ derism,· the democratic countries are ation in which we live. With regard to overwhelmingly superior to the fascist the first contention that concerted ac­ powers in military potentialities. The tion by the democratic peoples to pre­ capitalist democracies and the Soviet serve peace would provoke war, just Union possess together a vastly great­ the opposite is the case. It is precise­ er strength in morale, men, money, in­ ly because the democracies have not dustry, materials and strategic posi­ made a common stand that the fascist tion. This remains true despite the dictators have been able to carry great strengthening of Hitler's re­ through their murderous war plans. sources by the Munich pact. If the Only when such a united peace stand democratic peoples will but stand is achieved can the fascist aggressions resolutely together they can stop the be halted. The policy of isolationism fascists by confronting them with the is the surest way to prepare the way certainty of ruinous defeat if they for fascism and to deluge the world dare to provoke war. The Commu­ with blood. nist International puts the question With regard to the second con­ correctly in its recent manifesto: tention of the isolationists, that "'A defense cordon of armed peoples who international concerted peace action have joined their forces with the great Soviet would not only lead to war, but to a people will doom fascism to impotence and lost war-this too is without founda­ its inevitable ruin." tion or reality. It is significant that The superior strength of the democ­ every fascist or near-fascist is singing racies militarily was demonstrated the same song of the military help­ dramatically in the Czechoslovakian lessness of the democracies. It was crisis. When the peoples of the demo­ with such arguments that Chamber­ cratic countries, outraged by repeated lain and Daladier put across their in­ fascist aggressions, showed a determin­ famous Munich sell-out; by their ation to rally to the defense of Czecho­ grossly exaggerating the strength of slovakia, this at once put Hitler in a Germany and minimizing that of the dangerous crisis. With the French, democratic countries. The argumen­ British and Soviet peoples lining up tation of the "progressive" American against him, and with the United THE COMMUNIST

States tending in the same direction, This surrender conception has Hitler was confronted with over­ nothing in common with the histori­ whelmingly superior military forces. cal experience of the American or His European allies, Poland, Italy any other democratic people. It was and Hungary, realizing this situation, not by such non-resistance that the displayed every indication that if it masses through the centuries defeated came to war they would not join their tyrants and conquered what Hitler. In this crisis Chamberlain, in freedom we now have. If Villard's mortal fear of a fascist defeat which childish theory were true then the would cause a great international American Revolutionary War should democratic upsurge that might upset have strengthened British rule in the British Toryism, rushed to save United States; the Civil War should Hitler by splitting up Czechoslovakia have established slavery more firmly and by giving him a free hand in than ever, the Russian Revolution Eastern Europe. should have fortified capitalism and Contrary to the surrender isolation­ restored tsarism; and the Chinese, ists, should the democratic peoples of Ethiopian and Spanish peoples were the world be forced into war by fas­ to have lain down before the J apa­ cist aggression, military defeat is not nese, Italian and German invaders and one of the terrors they must con­ deemed all armed resistance futile­ template. win, lose or draw. A fine thing in­ deed it would be for the fascist ma­ IS DEMOCRACY DEFENDABLE? rauders were the masses imbued with such a sheep-like pacifism. The theories of the isolationists Throughout history the masses, that international concerted peace ac­ who have to do the fighting and dy­ tion would lead to war, and a lost war ing, have always hated war. Hence, at that, are so unconvincing even to the modern trade union, democratic themselves that they have to push to and Socialist movements, with the So­ its defense with further surrender viet Union in the lead, are the great arguments. In one chorus of reaction­ enemy of war. But if, in spite of all aries and "progressives," they argue their efforts to maintain peace, they that in the event of a fascist-provoked are attacked by fascist forces, they, as war, whether the democratic powers in Spain, China and Ethiopia, will are finally victorious or not, democ­ fight back with every resource at their racy in any case would be annihilated command and with a justified con­ and fascism would inevitably emerge fidence that, contrary to the isolation­ the winner. Villard states this argu­ ists' non-resistance pacifism, military ment of both the Right and "Left" success for them would mean victory isolationists thus: for democracy and progress. The isolationists' main argument in " ... for it is of the very essence of war support of their theory that "right that the evils you seek to destroy by it are not destroyed but enter into your own life. never wins on the field of battle" and ... The right always wins! But not on the that therefore there is nothing to do battlefield." but surrender to the fascists, goes like ISOLATIONIST DEFEATISM! this-"We went into the World War safe for democracy," served the dem­ to make the. world safe for democracy agogic role of drawing the peoples and see what we've got: fascism." into the imperialistic slaughter. Thus, says Villard: But if democracy was not the war objective of the "Allied" governments "In 1917 ... we went to war to oppose or the Central Powers, the masses, de­ dictatorship and autocracies, and now, after spite their chauvinistic liberal, Social­ less than twenty years, civilization is in dan· ist and trade union leaders, who on ger of perishing at the hands of dictators, and democracy eYerywhere has its back to both sides identified their aims with the wall." those of their governments, neverthe­ less seized upon the situation created Ex-President Hoover, upon return­ by the war (and utilized Wilson's ing from his recent course in fascism peace and democracy slogans) to de­ in Europe, sang the same song: velop a gigantic struggle for the ex­ tension of human rights. Consequent­ "You will recollect we were once animated ly, the World War, instead of giving by a desire to save the world for democracy. birth to fascism, as the isolationists The only result that time was to sow from Hoover to Thomas are so cock­ dragon's teeth which sprang up into dicta­ torships. We can never herd the world into sure in asserting, had as its first major the paths of righteousness with the dogs result, contrary to the purposes of the of war." war-makers, the greatest wave of mass democratic and revolutionary spirit This argument is repeated inter­ in the whole history of capitalism. minably by the isolationists. Never In England, France, the United does one make a speech but what he States and many other countries this states this proposition, and in a dog­ vast democratic wave, caused by mass matic manner as though it were gos­ opposition to the war and to the exist­ pel from on high. Thus the railroad ing conditions of capitalist exploita­ union paper, Labor, endorsing the tion, expressed itself in a huge growth above-cited quotation from Hoover, of democratic organizations and strug­ asks: "Who, for instance, would care gles. In England, the trade unions in­ to challenge it?" creased from 3,918,809 members in Yet this whole isolationist conten­ 1914 to 8,023,761 in 1920; and in tion is only a glib falsification. It com­ this country the American Federation pletely misrepresents the issues and of Labor, during the same period, the outcomes of the World War. The jumped its membership from 2,020,- war of 1914-18 was a brutal struggle 671 to 4,079•74o, despite the "no­ between two rival groups of aggres­ strike, no-organizing" deal of the sive imperialist powers for mastery of Gompers clique with the employers the world. Contrary to the isolation­ and the Wilson administration. There ists, as far as the warring governments was also a large expansion of workers' on both sides were concerned, the political parties, coop~ratives, etc., in question of defending democracy was many lands, together with innumer­ simply not on the war's agenda. Wil­ able huge strikes, extensions of social son's famous slogart, "Make the world legislation, etc.

States States United United the the tltat tltat argument argument vious vious fascism." fascism."

pre­ their their contradicting contradicting Then, Then, aims. aims. Is.t Is.t was was got got we we all all and and 1917 1917 in in mocracy mocracy

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International International

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Europe. Europe. Eastern Eastern over over all all system system talist talist cause cause the the which which in in war war a a to to war, war, lost lost

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44 44 COMMUNIST COMMUNIST THE THE ISOLATIONIST DEFEATISM! 45

did fight for democracy in the first surface; capitalist world markets are World War, they assert that, as in shrinking, industry is stagnant, class 1914, the issue of democracy could and international tensions are acute, not be directly involved in such a and everywhere the capitalists are on war. the offensive against the living stan­ This whole conception of the isola­ dards, mass organizations, social leg­ tionists is basically wrong. The inter­ islation and democratic liberties of national struggle now developing is the masses. But the capitalist general fundamentally different from that im­ crisis develops unevenly, and here, mediately preceding 1914. Then the precisely, is the key to the world situa­ capitalist system was still compara­ tion. In fascist Germany, Italy and tively strong and healthy; its general Japan the capitalist crisis is the most crisis was only in the initial stages. acute; there the economic situation is World markets were expanding; in­ the worst and class tensions the most dustry was developing and bourgeois­ explosive. In these countries the capi­ democracy was on the upgrade. Trade talists have abolished bourgeois-de­ unions, cooperatives and Socialist Par­ mocracy outright, setting up naked ties were growing, and ameliorative terrorist dictatorships to intensify their social legislation was being widely exploitation of the toiling masses; enacted. The war developed as a strug­ they have also embarked upon a vio­ gle between two groups of capitalist lent war-making offensive abroad to powers for imperialist aims; both capture the world's markets and sup­ were on the offensive and both were plies of raw materials. more or less equally responsible for Thus, we have a fundamentally dif­ the war. Neither group bore, appre­ ferent situation than at the outbreak ciably more than the other, any spe­ of the 1914-18 war. Instead of two cial threat to or promise for democ­ groups of powers, both on the offen­ racy. While England, France and the sive and both on approximately the United States were somewhat more same level of democracy, there is now democratic than Germany and Aus­ one group of powers militantly on tria, this advantage on their side was the offensive, while the others are on offset by the reactionary weight of the defensive. Moreover, the offensive their ally, tsarist Russia. In such a fascist powers, having themselves abol­ situation obviously the workers had ished bourgeois-democracy, are mak­ no stake in either side of the war and ing a violent threat to the democracy their correct policy, enunciated by of the non-fascist states. The war-mak­ Lenin, was to oppose both sets of ing, book-burning, freedom-crushing, warring governments and to seek to Jew-baiting, fascist barbarians consti­ transform the imperialist war into the tute a malignant menace to the lives, socialist revolution. liberties, organizations, culture and The world situation of 1938, how­ national independence of all other ever, presents a vastly altered picture. peoples. Today capitalism is far advanced in In this situation the question of its general crisis. Socialism has con­ democracy becomes the very center of quered on one-sixth of the earth's the international struggle. The work- THE COMMUNIST ers and other toilers, therefore, have order to repel the foreign fascist in­ a most decided interest on one side vaders, to fight against the fascist cop­ of the fight, armed or otherwise-that perheads at home. In China and of the democracies. Common intelli­ Spain this tendency is clearly seen; for gence demands consequently that the these fascist-invaded countries, far popular masses in the democracies from transforming themselves into should press their governments, or se­ fascist dictatorships in the war, ac­ cure control of them through peo­ cording to the theory of Thomas, ple's fronts and democratic fronts, Beard, Hoover, Fish and Co., have, to take a firm and united stand against on the contrary, developed a wide ex­ the fascist powers in order to prevent tension of popular rights and demo­ them from enslaving the world and cratic institutions right in the very drenching it in blood. midst of their desperate defensive The foregoing analysis leads us di­ wars. And the same tendency may be rectly to giving a negative answer to expected in every other country which the isolationists' assertion that the is compelled to enter into active strug­ United States, if forced into war by gle against the fascist warmakers. the fascists, would itself inevitably be­ come fascist. For, to make any effec­ THE WORLD AT A TURNING POINT tive defensive struggle against the fascists internationally-economic, po­ Human society is now at the most litical or military-imperatively re­ critical juncture in all its history. In quires simultaneously a militant strug­ the menacing fascist war threat it con­ gle against the fascists at home. Cham­ fronts the horrible danger of the mass berlain and Daladier have made thi& butchery of scores of millions of peo­ fact perfectly dear. Hence, Dimitroff ple and of the violent extinction of is entirely correct when he says that the culture and democratic liberties in order to curb the international fas­ which the people have fought for cist bandits "governments are neces­ centuries to attain. The victory of sary which base themselves on the fascism on a world scale would open masses of the people, which take their up an unheard-of era of wars, tyranny, interests and their wishes into con­ poverty and intellectual darkness. sideration, governments which are Only by a determined stand of ready to fight against the fascist en­ the democratic peoples of the world emy from without." can this major disaster be averted. In the first World War the great Through people's front movements in democratic upsurge, as we have seen, the various capitalist countries and came mostly towards the end of the the linking of these, together with the war and as a sort of by-product of it. Soviet Union, into an unbreakable in­ But in the present developing world ternational chain can the fascist in­ war the democratic surge forward of vaders be expelled from China, Spain, the masses begins at the very outset of Austria, Ethiopia and Czechoslovakia, the war, or even before, and is a cen­ and the peace of the world be main­ tral result of the anti-fascist struggle. tained. The struggle for international This is because of the necessity, in concerted peace action is the fight for ISOLATIONIST DEFEATISM! 47 peace, for democracy, for progress, for vious that our people must join with socialism, for civilization itself. other democracies to resist the com­ In the world struggle against fas­ mon enemy. More and more the mass­ cist barbarism the American people es are coming to understand this ele­ bear a heavy responsibility. Their mentary necessity. The robbers' pact own deepest national interests, as well of Munich gave a rude shock to Amer­ as those of humanity generally, are at ican isolationism. The intensified fas­ stake. In line, therefore, with its best cist threat to Latin America, which democratic traditions, this country followed so fast after Munich, has must stand four-square with the other brought the fascist menace right to democratic peoples to protect the our door. Great masses of people, world from the overwhelming disaster hitherto lulled into in;;tctivity by iso­ of fascism. Especially is it necessary lationist illusions, are now rapidly for the United States to cooperate awakening to the need for active re­ closely with the great anti-fascist, sistance to the fascist danger, both peace-loving Soviet Union, the two from within and without. To develop countries forming a solid core around this awakening into active struggle which the rest of the democratic peo­ against fascism is the supreme task ples can rally. now before the Communist Party. Americans cannot evade :the fascist issue by sticking their heads in the The time element is vital, the need sand, as the isolationists urge. Already for action is most urgent, and the this policy has done terrible harm by weight of the United States may be giving the German, Italian and Jap­ decisive in the world struggle which anese fascists a free hand ruthlessly is so rapidly developing against fas­ to overrun weaker countries. It is ob- cist barbarism.

"Our Party has, from the time of its foundation, correctly recognized the question of the Negro people as being of the same decisive significance in the history of the United States as that of the Irish people has been for Great Britain. Karl Marx, whose bold and fundamental treatment of the Irish question laid the foundations for the modern Leninist-Stalinist policy on the national questi(;)n, clearly recognized the position of the Negroes in America as occupying the same historic role, when he declared: 'Labor with a white skin cannot be free while labor with a black skin is branded.' "-Earl Browder, Social and National Security, p. 31. A YEAR OF MEMORABLE ANNIVERSARIES

BY ALEX BITTELMAN

s WE come closer to 1939, we ap­ and for those we are already begin­ A proach a year of great and mem­ ning to prepare. orable anniversaries. AN AMERICAN WORKING CLASS PARTY On January 21, 1939, it will be fif­ teen years since Lenin died. In OF A NEW TYPE March, it will be twenty years since At the enlarged meeting of our the formation of the Communist In­ Political Bureau in September, we ternational. In June, a month not adopted a report on the preparations often remembered, it will be 20 years for the twentieth anniversary of our since the Left wing of the Socialist Party. In that report we have already Party, led by Ruthenberg, came to­ sketched in broad outlines the signifi­ gether in national conference and cance of and meaning of our Party laid the basis for the subsequent for the working class and people of organization of the Communist Party. America. We have tried to indicate In September we shall celebrate the the answers to the following ques­ twentieth anniversary of the formation tions: of our Party itself. The Daily What has our Party contributed Worker will be fifteen years old in toward the growth of the political February. And in November there independence of the American work­ will again come around the anniver­ ing class, to the growth of its organ­ sary of the great socialist revolution­ ized economic and political strength, its twenty-second one. to its unity, to the building of its A year of such significant anniver­ alliance with other exploited and for­ saries, which constitute true mile­ ward-moving social groups? In short, stones in the history of the world and what has our Party contributed to of our own country since the first promote the American working class world imperialist war in 1914-1918, to a position of increasing influence such a year as this presents us with and, eventually, leadership, in the exceptional opportunities for the affairs of the nation? ideological enrichment and all-around And another question: strengthening of our Party as well as What has our Party contributed, of the mass movements of the working through the various phases of the his­ class and its allies in the struggle tory of the last twenty years, to help against reaction, fascism and war. the masses of our people, tht;_ real It is a year of great opportunities, nation, to combat the ruthless power A YEAR OF MEMORABLE ANNIVERSARIES 49 and exploitation of Big Business, of and groups. And we want, in these finance capital, of the reactionary anniversaries, to emphasize and dem­ monopolies? Or, to put it in another onstrate most particularly this rela­ way, what has our Party contributed tionship of ours to these older parties to the struggles of the masses of the and groups. We want to demonstrate people for democratic liberties and that our Party, all of whose founders democracy, for security and . well­ themselves came from these older being, for progress, for peace and the parties and groups, has taken over and brotherhood of nations, as against im­ assimilated the best traditions of the perialist oppression and imperialist older movements, just as our Party is war? absorbing and assimilating the best And still another question: democratic and revolutionary tradi­ What has our Party done to help tions of our people and nation. This enlighten the masses on their future, makes us the inheritors of all these on the great prospects for a happy glorious traditions. It makes us the life for all of our people free from ones that are bringing these traditions class exploitation and insecurity? back to life, making them potent in What has our Party done to keep the the struggles of today; but it makes road to that future-to socialism­ us so only because we are a party of a always brightly lighted, and to help new type. If we were not so, we could build the steps, the crucial and ines­ have neither inherited nor restored capable next steps, toward the ulti­ these revolutionary working class and mate socialist solution of our funda­ democratic traditions. mental problems? We are a Marxist-Leninist party, a These are the questions we want party of the social revolution, a party answered to the broadest masses of the that is developing the capacity to pre­ people in this year of memorable an­ pare the proletariat for leadership in niversaries. And as we answer these the affairs of the nation, for the ac­ questions, we shall be making clear quisition and exercise of working class the central and all-inclusive question: power and to organize the victory of the role of our Party all through its the socialist liberation. We are of the history, and especially its role today, type of party that the Communist as a political party of the American Party of the Soviet Union is, the Party working class of a new type. of Lenin and Stalin. And just because we are that kind • • • of party, we were and are able to make Yes, a new type of party, different the positive contributions we do to from the old type of Socialist Party, the progress of our class and people. or Socialist Labor Party or other po­ And just because we are a Marxist­ litical working class groups that pre­ Leninist Party we are able to absorb, ceded us. Of course, when we say dif­ and to transform into present-day ferent we don't mean unrelated, be­ power, the revolutionary traditions of cause, as a matter of plain historic our class and people. fact, we are very much related to all That ours is a new type of party is these older types of workers' parties pretty widely felt by broad circles of THE COMMUNIST our people. Only as yet little is under­ nature and role of our Party as the stood in these broad circles of what it vanguard Party of our class and peo­ is that makes us new and different, ple. And the coming year of anniver­ although we have been in existence saries gives us for that the best for nearly two decades. Making use of opportunity. the fact that the nature of our Party (the reasons for its being different) is not yet fully understood by the wide How then can a hundred thousand masses, the spokesmen of the enemies Communists do all these good and of the people, of the reactionary, im­ valuable things for the working class perialistic and fascist-minded circles and for the nation? Well, because they of the bourgeoisie, are trying to en­ are organized in a Marxist-Leninist velop our Party with all sorts of mys­ Party, a party of a new type, born in terious, strange and evil-smelling this country at a time in the world's gossip. And this undoubtedly has cer­ history, in 1919, when capitalism as a tain unfavorable effects. system had entered into its general For example: The people see that a crisis and when a new system, the numerically small party-our Party, socialist system, the system of the having only a hundred thousand future of the world, was establishing members in a country of one hundred itself on one-sixth of the earth, in the and thirty million, exercises, never­ Soviet Union. theless, a significant influence in the This meant that our Party has had general affairs of the country. They several decisive advantages which no see this fact and incline to wonder, other party had or could have. These especially those that have had little advantages explain a lot about the direct contact with our Party organ­ nature of our Party. What are they? izations. They wonder and ask: How 1. Our Marxist-Leninist theory. As is it possible for such a small party in we went on, progressively mastering such a great country to do all these this theory, not as a dogma but as a things? It has never been seen before. guide to action in the interests of our How is it explained? And wherever class and people (and this was no there is lack of full clarity on the true easy or smooth process for us), we nature of our Party as a party of a have been learning better to orientate new type, many of these wonderers ourselves in the world, to discover the and inquirers are no doubt tempted inner connection of events, to foresee to assume that maybe (who knows?) their course, and to grasp the line of there is something to the malicious their development, not only in the gossip of the Dies Committee about present but also in the future. We the millions of unseen Communists were thus better prepared than others penetrating all nooks and comers of to meet oncoming changes and to help the country. And who knows what all prepare the people for them. One can these unseen Communists are doing? point to three such milestones and This means that we, the Commu­ turning points as our efforts to orien­ nists, must spread more light and tate the people toward the tasks of the knowledge among the masses on the present epoch of world socialist libera- A YEAR OF M.f:MORABLE ANNIVERSARIES tion which was marked by the victory powerful and decisive role of the of the socialist revolution in Russia socialist state in the present crucial and by· the general crisis of the capi­ struggle of all peoples against the talist system. These efforts were in­ fascist aggressors and for democracy, itiated by the very birth of our peace and national independence. It Party in 1919. was this decisive role of the Soviet Next were our efforts to orientate Union that, in the main, has made the masses toward the oncoming of possible and practical our present cen­ the crisis of 1929 way before it ac­ tral policy of struggle against reaction, tually broke loose, at the time when fascism and war-the policy of the capitalist apologists (followed by democratic front-the policy which Lovestone) were singing of "eternal" has done so much to enable a hundred prosperity. thousand Communists to become such Lastly, our efforts to orientate the a valuable and important factor in the people toward the coming of the life and progress of a people of one world offensive of fascism, the emerg­ hundred and thirty million. gence of a new main enemy, and the 3· The model Communist Party of way to meet him by the united and the Soviet Union, and the Communist people's front. And with it, our pro­ International. We are consciously and jection of the clear Marxist-Leninist deliberately learning from their ex­ light on the line of future develop­ perience and achievemeats. The new ment of the present struggles against History of:the Communist Party of the fascism, showing them to be a stage in Soviet Union will enable everybody the struggle for socialism. It is clear so inclined, to learn, and will prove a that these contributions proved a most potent ideological and political source of great strength and influence weapon in the struggle for the demo­ for our Party. cratic front and in the building of 2. The victorious advances of social­ our Party. Thus, with our own future zsm m the Soviet Union. These so clearly and brilliantly before our advances, achieved under the leader­ eyes, how could we fail to be of great ship of the Party of Lenin and Stalin, help to the American people today in revolutionizing the minds of the peo­ finding their path to progress, to the ple of all countries and projecting maintenance and extension of democ­ before them the path to their own racy, to security, to peace, even though future, have given our Party another we are as yet only a hundred thou­ advantage of which, unfortunately, we sand? It is clear that the American have not always made the best use. people want more positive contribu­ The demonstrated possibility of so­ tions from us. It is also clear that cialism and its great superiority over only by increasing considerably our capitalism could not but make our numbers, and by strengthening our work more effective, increasing the Marxist-Leninist ideology, shall we be influence of our Party way beyond its able to do more. numerical strength. But, about all, we The history of the Communist have profited, as could have all pro­ Party of the Soviet Union-embodied gressive forces so minded, by the in the new book, the book of our THE COMMUNIST time-is the history of three revolu­ ed up with the Marxist-Leninist tions: the bourgeois-democratic revo­ theory. It is impossible to overestimate lution of 1905, the bourgeois-demo­ the strength which the various parties cratic revolution of February, 1917, derive from their affiliation with the and the socialist revolution of Communist International which, October, 1917. It was a course of headed by Dimitroff, exercises such a struggle which led the working class decisive influence in the world strug­ of Russia, heading the majority of the gle for working class unity, for the people, first to the overthrow of tsar­ unity of the peoples of all countries ism, then to the overthrow of the rule against fascism, war and capitalism. of the landlords and capitalists, then The manifesto of the Executive Com­ to the defeat of the armed foreign mittee of the Communist Interna­ intervention during the civil war, then tional on the occasion of the twenty­ to the building up of the Soviet state first anniversary of the October Revo­ and the socialist society. All of this lution, and Comrade Dimitroff's under the leadership of the Bolshevik statement on the same occasion, pro­ Party, the Marxist-Leninist Party of a ceeding from Comrade Stalin's analy­ new type, the Party of Lenin and ses and leading ideas, once more give Stalin. to the working class and all enemies In taking this Party as our model, of fascism a program of unity and we are seeking to build ourselves into united action against the Munich this kind of a leader of the masses conspiracy, formulating a fundamen­ against their enemies. We seek to tal policy and outlining the perspec­ make our Party this kind of a van­ tive of victory. guard of our class and people in the 4· We have been trying to live and struggle for democracy against the of­ struggle as a vanguard party of our fensive of reaction and fascism. We class. This is another advantage we want to become as effective a fighter have over the older working class against imperialist war, as effective a parties and groups. In practice it leader of the masses from one phase of meant that Communists have always the struggle to another, guiding them been found, and are so found today, to the victory of the socialist l.ibera­ in the very front line of struggle tion. against the enemies of the working The Communist International, class and of the people. Always in the formed at its first congress in March, most exposed and dangerous places, 1919, upon the initiative of Lenin and taking the brunt of the enemies' at­ t~e Bolsheviks, is also a new type of tacks. Self-sacrificing, devoted, and international working class organiza­ loyal to their principles and to the tion. It is a Marxist-Leninist Interna­ masses. First to move forward and last tional. to retreat. Our entire twenty years of Our affiliation with it has given us existence prove this to be so. It was the advantage of counsels of great so, because we sought to function as wisdom, wisdom based on the rich the vanguard party of our class and store of experience of the interna­ people. tional revolutionary movement light- In this capacity we were blazing A YEAR OF MEMORABLE ANNIVERSARIES 53 trails and doing pioneering work for ourselves into a vanguard party thus new and more modem policies and enjoying a great advantage. forms of organization for the working 5· Ours is a Party organization class and its allies, among the farmers, built on the Bolshevik principle of on the economic and political fields. democratic centralism. We all know We contributed significantly to the what it is; but many outside our Party rise of the modem liberation move­ still do not. And this is a pity. When ment of the Negro people, to the people still wonder how a hundred awake~ing of America's youth, to thousand Communists can do all the bringing the middle classes closer to good things they are doing, one of the the working class, to fusing the native answers is this: they are well knit to­ and foreign born masses into a closer gether into a system of Party organ­ American national unity, to bringing ization resting at the base on the de­ forward the working women into cisive branch or unit, leading through more active participation in the na­ various gradations to the National tion's life. Last but not least, we con­ Committee; Party officials, from bot­ tributed a goodly share toward pro­ tom to top, are elected and are re­ moting closer relations of cooperation sponsible to those who elected them; between the working class and the Party policies are discussed by the people of the United States, on the membership, which acts on all changes one hand, with the workers and peo­ in policy either directly or through ples of other countries, most particu­ democratically elected representatives larly of Latin America, Canada, to conventions, the national conven­ China, Spain, and above all-of the tion being the highest governing body Soviet Union, whose collaboration the of the Party; every Party organization American nation needs so much today is subject to the discipline of the next in the struggle for peace and against higher one; and once a decision has fascist aggression. been made, the Party acts like one In the same capacity of vanguard man with cohesion, harmony and ut­ party, we always sought and continue most discipline. to seeek to bring into our Party the Ours is a democratic, centralized most conscious and creative forces of and disciplined organization. Our the working class and its allies. Of Party Constitution fully represents this, it is true, we have not done this fact. The great and all-important enough. This still remains one of our job now is to develop to the full the weakest points: recruiting the best political activities of our branches and elements of the working class into our units, to build them up into true mass midst and building the circulation of leaders in their localities, to improve the Party's press,. This is our serious radically the Marxist-Leninist educa­ lag, which we are now working to tion of our membership, and to build overcome. Yet to the extent that we up a competent corps of Marxist­ did consciously and planfully seek to Leninist teachers and writers. bring into our midst and to promote 6. We do not tolerate in our midst to leadership the best elements of the opportunists, capitulators or defeat­ working class, we have been building ists. This is another source of strength 54 THE COMMUNIST to our Party and a great advantage we ever we need such alertness on the have over the older working class par­ part of every Party member to the ties and groups. We have not always machinations of the Trotsky-Love­ been alert enough to these carriers of stone agents of fascism as well as irrec­ enemy influence in our midst, because oncilable struggle against all sectar­ this is what opportunism is: the in­ ian and reformist deviations from fluence of bourgeois ideology. We Marxism-Leninism. have not always been quick enough to STRENGTHEN THE LINK BETWEEN OUR detect opportunism in vaiious sectar­ PARTY AND THE REVOLUTIONARY ian and reformist deviations from TRADITIONS OF OUR CLASS Marxism-Leninism. On this score we AND PEOPLE have still to learn a good deal. Yet to the extent that we are learning it, we Especially since the Eighth Conven­ become stronger. tion of our Party, we have become Thus, in the course of our Party's more conscious of our American roots. history we have sought to root out Through these years, we have engaged sectarianism, remnants of which we more actively than heretofore, under still have to contend with. We fought the guidance of our leaders, Browder the opportunism of Lovestone and and Foster, in assimilating the revolu­ Lovestoneism to the point of eliminat­ tionary traditions of the working class ing the carriers of this disease from and of the American people, integrat­ our Party. We fought Trotskyism ing them closely with the Marxist­ which, while in our Party, was a most Leninist theory. The Tenth Party vicious form of opportunism, even­ Convention will stand out as a mile­ tually eliminating also the carriers of stone on that road. this disease from our midst. Today Together with the other progres­ after having degenerated still further sive forces of the country, we have on the road of treachery and betrayal, successfully sought to bring to life the both Trotskyism and Lovestoneism revolutionary and democratic tradi­ stand exposed before the whole world tions of our country from the days of as agents of fascism, wreckers, plotters Washington and on through the long against working class and people's road of struggle for democracy and unity. The factional struggle in our national independence-a road of Party, which prevailed from 1923 to struggle symbolized in the minds of 1928, had seriously hampered this the people by Jefferson, Jackson and struggle against opportunism in our Lincoln. This we must continue even midst. But with the liquidation of the more broadly and effectively. Remem­ factional fight, the Party has been bering in this connection especially fused together, presenting an ever the great truth expr!!ssed by the Com­ growing and effective resistance to all munist International in its November deviations from the Marxist-Leninist manifesto that "the working class is positions, displaying greater alertness the backbone of the nation, the bul­ to all manifestations of opportunism. wark of its liberty, dignity and inde­ Our Party Constitution expresses pendence" -the chief force in the also this fact. And now more than struggle against fascist aggression and A YEAR OF MEMORABLE ANNIVERSARIES 55 against the capitulators to fascism in teenth and opening of the twentieth our own country. centuries), we at once become con­ At the same time, we must devote scious of the roles of Debs and Hay­ more attention to the strengthening wood. These were the builders of of the organic links which bind us to progressive trade unionism in the the revolutionary traditions of our United States and of its socialist move­ class. And our class, as we know, has ment, men who have carried forward glorious traditions. the great traditions of Sylvis, though Remember the period of William with many setbacks and frequent loss H. Sylvis, the leader and organizer of of orientation. the American workers during the time And as we continue to unwind the of Marx and Engels. Sylvis in his time chain of tradition, coming upon our stood for the most advanced develop­ own days, we meet the founders and ment of the American working class, leaders of our own Party: Ruthenberg, and that was why he was seeking guid­ Foster, Browder, Ella Reeve Bloor, ance from Marx and Engels, and col, and Ford. The historical approaches laboration with them. It was under his to the actual organization of our leadership, as head of the National Party in 1919 are lined by the activi­ Labor Union, that the Chicago con­ ties of Debs, Haywood and Foster, vention of the union, in 1867, raised pioneer builders of the modern trade the question of establishing contact union and labor movement of Amer­ with the First International of Marx ica. You will find these approaches to and Engels. The convention adopted our Party built for us by the anti­ the following resolution: imperialist and anti-war struggles led "Whereas, the efforts of the working classes by Debs, Ruthenberg and Browder. in Europe to acquire political power, to im­ These were the mass struggles which, prove their social conditions, and to eman­ linked to the teachings of Marx, En­ cipate themselves from the bondage under gels, Lenin and Stalin, laid the basis which they were and still are, are gratifying for the emergence of our Party, the proof of the progress of justice, enlighten­ ment, and civilization; Party of a new type, the Marxist­ "Resolved, that the National Labor Con­ Leninist Party of America headed by vention hereby declares its sympathy, and Browder, Foster, Bloor and Ford. promises its cooperation to the organized The anniversary year of 1939 should working men of Earope in their struggle be the occasion for making these against political and social injustice." traditions, and our organic links with Unfortunately, his early death (in them, live and vibrate in the minds July, 1869), prevented him from de­ and struggles of the masses as they veloping much further this collabora­ never did )lefore. It will help most tion of the American labor movement effectively to promote the unity of our with Marx and Engels. But the results class and of our people for the great of this first effort bore fruit in the task of curbing the capitulators to succeeding years. Sylvis was one of our fascism at home and of smashing the great predecessors. fascist offensive that is coming from Coming nearer to the period of abroad. It goes without saying that imperialism (the close of the nine- this will prove a most powerful help THE COMMUNIST to building the numerical and ideo­ other progressive movements of the logical strength of our Party. Because people, the tens of thousands of the -all those te whom these traditions active and creative leaders of the have meaning, all those whom we can masses in their present struggles, will move to cherish these traditions and begin to see more clearly that our to see the organic link of our Party Party is their party, that their place is and its leaders with them, all those, in it, in its ranks and in its leadership. whether in the labor movement or in Let us help them do it.

"We Communists are people of a special mold. We are made of special material. We are those who comprise the army of the great proletarian strategist, the army of Comrade Lenin. There is nothing higher than the honor of belonging to this army. There is nothing higher than the title of member of the Party founded and led by Comrade Lenin. It is not given to all to be members of such a Party. It is not given to all to with­ stand the stress and storm that accompanies membership in such a Party. Sons of the working class, sons of poverty and struggle, sons of incredible deprivation and heroic effort-these are the ones who must first of all be members of such a Party. That is why the Leninist Party, the Communist Party, at the same time calls itself the Party of the working class. "In departing from us, Comrade Lenin bequeathed to us the duty of holding aloft and guarding the purity of the great title of member of the Party. We vow to you, Comrade Lenin, that we will fulfil your bequest with honor."-Joseph Stalin, The Lenin Heritage. THE SOU.THERN CONFERENCE FOR HUMAN WELFARE

BY ROB F. HALL State Secretary, Communist Party, Alabama

HORTLY after the President's Na­ tal. It demonstrated how this differ­ Stional Emergency Council pub­ ential in income was reflected in dif­ lished its Report at the end of July, on ferentials in housing, health and edu­ the economic conditions of the South, cation facilities. It put on the order Comrade Browder declared: of business a score of challenging problems for discussion and solution. "All progressives and true democrats, whatever their other differences, will, if they The Southern Conference for Hu­ are at all awake to the realities of the day, man Welfare was called as the answer rally around this report and help to develop of the Southern people to these its implied program of progress for the problems. South." KEYNOTES OF THE CONFERENCE Comrade Browder's remark thus From its very inception, the con­ anticipated the Southern Conference ference attracted a broad response. for Human Welfare, held in Birming­ The original sponsors included the ham, November 20-23. most progressive Southern Democrats The National Executive Committee and New Dealers, among them Con­ report, which served as the basis for gressmen and Senators, Southern la­ President Roosevelt's characterization bor leaders, both A. F. of L. and of the South as the nation's No. 1 eco­ C.I.O., prominent figures from church nomic problem, raised the problem and educational circles, leaders in the very simply: civil rights movement in the South, "The paradox of the South is that while it and Southern leaders of the Negro is blessed with immense wealth, its people people. as a whole are the poorest in the country." The broad character of the sponsor­ Avoiding the basic causes and ig­ ing committee was reflected in the noring insofar as possible the Negro composition of the delegates. Commit­ question, the report nevertheless tee officials had expected only two or showed how the low-income levels of three hundred delegates and were not the South were related to the owner­ prepared for the 1,250 who registered. ship and abuse of the South's natural The keynote of the conference was resources by absentee, monopoly capi- given in the opening session by Dr. 57 THE COMMUNIST

Frank Graham, president of the Uni­ each in his own manner, reiterated versity of North Carolina. these general principles. Thus, Justice Black, in his speech, accepting the "The Southern Conference for Human Welfare," he said, "takes its stand here to­ Thomas Jefferson award for outstand­ night on the American Bill of Rights and ing service as a Southern liberal lead­ the Sermon of the Mount-a simple stand of er, declared: American democracy and Christianity." "I accept this medal as a symbol confided Dr. Graham departed from his pre­ to me for the many Southerners who stand pared speech at the very outset of his with Jefferson in the belief that good gov­ remarks to indict vigorously the Nazi ernments give first importance to promoting persecution of Jews and Catholics, the welfare and happiness of human beings -all human beings-by assuring equal jus­ and to pay tribute to the Negro peo­ tice to all, regardless of race or persuasion." ple. He left no doubt that the Negro question was to be almost central in The remarks of the Justice, which the business of the conference. "The were an impressive dedication, almost black man," he said, "is the primary a consecration, to democracy, came at test of democracy and Christianity." the conclusion of the conference. His In another sense, too, Dr. Graham words symbolized the earnestness, the gave the keynote to all the later de­ passion for democracy with which the liberations of the conference. Here delegates had tackled the problems of was a gathering of intensely patriotic the South. Southerners, wrapped up in South­ The main work of the conference ern problems, and jealous of their was carried on through the sections, obligation to solve these problems. or panels. Resolutions adopted in the But this did not mean the narrow, panels were in most cases approved fanatical sectionalism of the past. by the conference as a whole. Dr. Graham pictured the South's The suffrage panel urged state and problem as related to the problem of federal action for the elimination of the nation, and he declared that an poll taxes and called for the adoption economic or social lag in one part of by Congress of a national uniform the country affects all parts of the registration law eliminating the poll country. On this the delegates agreed, tax and other restrictions on the fran­ a demonstration of the fact that the chise in national elections. It en­ new South has a national point of dorsed a drive for a million signatures view. On this basis, Dr. Graham made to petitions in support of this legis­ a strong appeal for federal aid for lation. education which made it unreserved­ The youth section urged federal aid ly clear that these representatives of for education, expansion of the Na­ the new South would no longer go tional Youth Administration, and in­ along with the old narrow interpreta­ ter-racial cooperation in the solution tion of states' rights. of youth problems. This section, in Mrs. Roosevelt, Aubrey Williams addition to supporting Roosevelt's (who spoke not only as representing peace policy, adopted a resolution to the W.P.A. but as a native of Bir­ send surplus cotton and wheat to mingham) and Justice Hugo Black, China and Loyalist Spain. The latter THE SOUTHERN CONFERENCE 59

resolution was regrettably tabled by ing elimination of the Southern wage general session of the conference. differential in private industry and The Farm Tenancy section urged on W.P.A.; support of the Wagner extension of the Bankhead-Janes Act, Act and Wages-and-Hours Act, and adequate production loans, and rec­ recommendation for state laws of a ommended revisions in state laws gov­ similar nature; a minimum wage on erning relations between landlords Southern W.P.A. of not less than 25 and tenants. cents an hour; expansions of W.P.A.; The Harrison-Fletcher Bill for fed­ endorsement of Roosevelt's unity mes­ eral aid for education was endorsed sages to the A. F. of L. and C.I.O. con­ in the education section, which also ventions. demanded the elimination of differen­ The housing and health sections tials in educational facilities for called for federal aid and increased Negroes. state and local appropriations to meet The Civil Rights section centered these needs. The needs of the small attention on state laws to supplement business men were dealt with in the the Wagner Act and dealt with re­ freight rates section which called for sponsibility of state governments to the abolition of the rate differential, enforce the Bill of Rights. and in the credit panel which en­ The main resolution on race rela­ dorsed Senator Pepper's bill for credit tions adopted by the conference was facilities. an amalgamation of similar resolu­ In order to carry through these tions from a number of panels. The policies, the delegates set up a per­ resolution declared: manent organization "to unite the Southern "The protection of the Negro's constitu­ people, to promote the gen­ tional rights constitutes one of the vital eral welfare, to improve economic, so­ issues in the South's economic and political cial and cultural standards of the progress, since discrimination against the Southern people, and to advance Negro is detrimental not only to him but Southern democracy to the whole South." in accordance with safeguarding American demo­ The resolution went on to urge: cratic institutions and ideals." A broad Southern Council of 118 "That the names of Negroes be placed in was set up, including seven represen­ jury boxes and that Negroes be allowed to serve on both petit and grand juries. tatives from each state. Dr. Frank "That the Negro be permitted to register Graham was named chairman; Mrs. and participate in party primaries as well as Louise 0. Charlton honorary chair­ general elections. man; and Dr. H. C. Nixon, widely "That the intimidation and brutality prac­ known Southern author and educator, ticed upon Negroes by police officers be stopped. executive secretary. The fifteen vice­ "That facilities for education, recreation, chairmen include Senat0r Pepper, a housing, and public health be expanded to Democratic National Committeeman provide adequate attention to the needs of from Arkansas; Brooks Hays, a Louis­ the Negro population." ville publisher and a Hearst column­ The Labor Relations panel brought ist from Georgia; other outstanding forward a legislative program includ- Southerners, including A. F. of L. 6o THE COMMUNIST and C.I.O. leaders; and two Negroes, broadest unity of the Southern peo­ John P. Davis and Mrs. Mary McLeod ple, regardless of race or color, and Bethune. an uncompromising rejection of the provocations and prejudices of the old AN ESTIMATE OF THE CONFERENCE divide-and-rule politics of the South­ Let us estimate the Southern Con­ ern tories. ference in the light of Comrade In this sense, we can say that the Browder's remarks at the Tenth Con­ Southern Conference was a brilliant vention of the Communist Party: confirmation of the line of the demo­ cratic front advanced by Comrade "The South ... has for generations been Browder at the Tenth Convention. the stronghold of reaction, the one place in America where modern capitalism was fused The conference took as its point of -in its most parasitic aspects-with remnants departure the President's character­ of feudalism, of pre-capitalist society; and ization of the South as economic prob­ on the basis of' that fusion of parasitic capi­ lem No. 1 of the nation. The N.E.C. talism and pre·capitalist survivals, the South report indicated that the problem of has played a deadly role in the political life of America .... But that old solid South is the South was first and foremost a melting away. . .. And we who want to problem of low purchasing power, a change the course of our country, who want consequence of the fact that the aver­ to turn our country away from the path age income in the South is less than that is charted out for it by the economic half the average income in the rest masters of our land, who want to block once and forever the road to reaction and fascism, of the country. if we are really practical politicians, we The inevitable programmatic con­ must keep our eyes on the South." • clusions inherent in the N.E.C. report resolved themselves, in the conference The Southern Conference demon­ resolutions, as a demand for legisla­ strated that in fact the Solid South of tion which would raise the purchas­ bourbons and brigadiers is melting ing power of the South, in the form away, and that there is developing in of wages and farm income. The own­ the South a strong and articulate lead­ ership of Southern resources by ab­ ership for the progressive movement. sentee monopoly capital and the con­ The Southern Conference indicated sequent low income levels have left that the Southern people, harassed hy the state governments unable to meet deep-seated problems, the solutions the costs of essential social services, for which are long overdue, are de­ especially in the spheres of education, termined to secure for themselves and housing and health. Therefore, in their families more of the fruits of the addition to asking for increased state New Deal, namely, broader democ­ appropriations for such services, the racy and a genuine improvement in conference emphatically stated its their social and economic conditions. view that the federal government In the recent penod, it has become must take responsibility for a drastic increasingly clear to the Southern improvement and extension of these masses that an essential condition for services. the attainment of these gains is the The reactionaries viewed this as a " The Communist, July, 1938, pp. 595-596. break with the old traditions of states' THE SOUTHERN CONFERENCE 61 rights; but the delegates correctly are just now getting acquainted. It identified the interests of the South was evident that the leadership of the with those of the nation and; mind­ conference did not know on which ful of the problem of absentee owner­ forces to rely, even for such tasks as ship, drew the logical conclusions- the organization of a panel, the con­ There was at the same time a recog­ duct of committees, the running of nition of the fact that, while the large sessions. But this inexperience South is economic problem No. 1, the was visibly remedied before the con­ rehabilitation of the South might very ference ended. well make it, as Fortune magazine More serious was the shortcoming says, economic hope No. 1. Any steps, in composition. On the positive side, including large-scale public works, this was undoubtedly the broadest leading to an increase in the buying conference ever held in the South. For power of the South, would open up the first time Southern middle class a broad new market, materially aiding elements collaborated with labor, with recovery throughout the nation. This farmers and with the Negro people applies not only to consumers goods, in the joint solution of their prob­ but to producer goods; for the South lems. But broad as it was, there is not content to continue, as in the should have been even more repre­ past, with 28 per cent of the national sentatives of middle class groups. population and only 16 per cent of From time to time, during the the factories, machines and tools. A period of conference preparations, balanced economy is required, if the there would arise rumors that "there South is to contribute to its own and is a danger there will not be enough the n<~;tion's recovery. labor delegates," that there will be At the same time, the conference "too many professionals and middle made it clear that the progressive in­ class elements." Even some of our dustrialization of the South did not comrades, who naturally watched the constitute an invitation to sweatshops conference preparations closely and and run-away industries seeking cheap helped wherever possible, were influ­ labor and municipal subsidies. On the enced by these scares. But from the contrary, the responsibility of indus­ very beginning, the danger lay in the try to pay a living wage, and the re­ other direction, namely, that the sponsibility of state and federal gov­ middle classes, which are not so well ernments to enforce minimum wages, organized as labor, would not be ade­ guarantee collective bargaining, and quately represented. This experience eliminate the Southern wage differen­ underscores the necessity for labor, tial, were keystones in the program­ and all other groups engaged in build­ matic structure of the conference. ing the Southern Conference move­ ment, to concentrate their efforts on CERTAIN SHORTCOMINGS winning middle class support for the The conference had, of course, cer­ program of the conference. tain shortcomings. Obviously, it was Secondly, the A. F. of L. was not not perfectly organized. It did not run adequately represented, although smoothly. The Southern progressives many A. F. of L. leaders, including THE COMMUNIST

William Green's Southern representa­ however, of the Norman Thomas tive, George Googe, pledged support. school, followed the line of the two Thirdly, although the Farmers or three Trotskyites in their midst Union was represented by its state and consistently attempted to disrupt leaders frorp Alabama and Louisiana, the unity of the conference. But they no delegates from the Farm Bureau were unable to fulfill their boast that were present. Generally, farm repre­ they would "split the conference sentation was weak. wide open," succeeding only in dis­ This weakness in composition ex­ crediting themselves with the confer­ pressed itself in some of the resolu­ ence leadership as well as with the tions adopted. In some instances, the honest, constructive Socialists. formulations were sectarian. Especial­ THE NEGRO PEOPLE AND THE ly unfortunate is the fact that while SOUTHERN CONFERENCE almost a complete program of labor legislation was adopted, only a few One of the outstanding achieve­ resolutions deal directly and obvious­ ments of the Southern Conference was ly with the problems affecting the the advancement of unity between the middle classes. This may to some ex­ white progressives and the Negro tent mitigate against the building of people. the broadest conceivable movement of In addition to the main resolution the Southern people. on the Negro question cited earlier, Naturally, there was a reason for resolutions were adopted calling for the character of the resolutions. The the freedom of the Scottsboro boys fact that such a conference could have and for federal and state anti-lynch­ been held in the South, adopting as it ing legislation. did such a clear-cut progressive pro­ About two hundred and fifty to gram, reflects the strength of our three hundred Negro delegates were young Southern labor movement registered and a larger number visited which gave leadership to the confer­ the sessions each day. Two Negroes ence movement. But certain sectarian were elected as vice-chairmen at large. tendencies which were evidenced .re­ Almost every state delegation, in nom­ flect the immaturity of this young la­ inating its quota of seven to the Coun­ bor movement. Labor in the South is cil, included one or two Negroes. only beginning to assimilate the prin­ The conference leadership ap­ ciples of the democratic front tactic proached the preparations of the con­ which calls for the broad unity of all ference, in the opinion of this writer, democratic and ·progressive elements, without full clarity on the Negro on a program which meets the essen­ question. Realizing that the economic tial needs of the people. and cultural levels of the Southern There were in attendance at the whites could not be raised without at conference about fifteen members of the same time improving the welfare the Socialist Party, representing some of the Negro people, some of the pro­ unions and mass organizations. Some moters of the conference, however, of these worked constructively for a thought more in terms of what the practical progressive program. A few, white progressives "could do for the THE SOUTHERN CONFERENCE

Negro" rather than in terms of mu­ voked and fall into the trap of the tual collaboration for the welfare of reactionaries. This course was accepted both. In short, they did not fully see by the Negro delegates and a resolu­ the Negro people as a force which tion expressing the disapproval of the could contribute greatly, in its own delegates at the enforcement of this right, to the solution of these joint ordinance was drawn up to be pre­ problems, and without which these sented at the labeJr relations panel. problems could not be solved. At this panel, addressed by Aubrey But out of the joint efforts of Negro Williams and attended by more than and white, working together in the 2,ooo persons, the resolution was pre­ hectic days of the conference, fighting sented. A motion to table was de­ against provocations, struggling for feated and the resolution passed by a unity, there came more and more large majority. When the same resolu­ clarity. Many Southern white progres­ tion was later presented before the sives probably learned more about the general session by the resolutions Negro question in those four days committee, it passed unanimously. than they had throughout their lives. It is interesting that the handful of The issue was brought forth most Trotskyites, with characteristic at­ sharply when the Birmingham City tempts at disruption and wrecking, Commission, at the instigation of an proposed that the Negro delegates agent of the Republican Party and bolt the conference and advocated some tory Democrats, sent police of­ the picketing of the meetings at which ficers to the municipal auditorium to Mrs. Roosevelt and Mr. Justice Black enforce an old ordinance requiring were to speak. Negroes and whites to sit in separate Mrs. Roosevelt contributed greatly sections of the hall. The police later to the clarity of the conference on the broadened the interpretation of this Negro question, i~ her talks in which ordinance to apply not only to public she urged equal opportunity for all, buildings, such as the auditorium, but and in several off-the-record incidents. also to the churches in which panel At the height of the reactionary agita­ meetings were taking place. tion against the conference on the There were immediate repercus­ Negro question, Mr~. Roosevelt ar­ sions in a number of panels then in rived at the meeting of the youth session, and resolutions of protest panel, where the segregation order were passed in the farm tenancy, race was already being enforced. Espying relations, and youth panels. the prominent Negro woman leader, The conference leadership, includ­ Mrs. Mary McLeod Bethune, she ing the most advanced Negro dele­ walked across the floor and publicly gates, recognized at once that this shook hands with her. This little ges­ issue had been brought forward in an ture was more significant in life than effort to break up the conference. in its telling; but it symbolized the Such Negro leaders as John P. Davis unity of Negro and white that was of the National Negro Congress developing in the conference. pointed this out to the Negro dele­ A symbol of the magnificent unity gates and urged them not to be pro- of Negro and white which was ad- THE COMMUNIST vancing throughout the conference Postmaster Cooper Green, Congress­ was the meeting at which Mrs. Roose­ man Luther Patrick and Mrs. Charl­ velt spoke. Seven thousand persons ton, all leading Democrats, were at­ packed the auditorium, of whom at tacked, and a demand came for Mrs. least 3,000 were Negroes. Two thou­ Charlton's resignation from the Dem­ sand more were unable to get in. This ocratic State Executive Committee. was the largest inter-racial meeting The reactionary clique demanded an held in the South since Reconstruc­ investigation by the Dies Committee tion and will long be remembered. which, oddly, must have been antici­ pated by Mr. Dies, because he already THE CONFERENCE UNDER A'ITACK had investigators in the city through­ "All progress in the South," de­ out the conference. clared Comrade Browder in the New The attack continued for several Masses, for August 23, "is conditioned weeks, but a majority of the confer­ upon the destruction of the old Bour­ ence leaders maintained cool heads. bon machine of the Democratic Mrs. Charlton answered the Red­ Party." baiters calmly and courageously. The The Bourbon machine was not slow press, which had criticized the confer­ to see the threat which this broad ence, <;:oncluded that the Liberty democratic movement contained for Leaguers had overplayed their hand, its hegemony. From the very begin­ and we find Grover Hall, editor of the ning, the conference was under at­ conservative (often reactionary) Mont­ tack, with the Republican Party gomery Advertiser, writing as follows: agents cooking up the plots and the "The Dies Committee on On-Americanism, tory Democrat stooges executing them. whatever un-Americanism may be, sticks its Although their provocations long nose into the affairs of the Southern around the Jim-Crow ordinance Conference for Human Welfare, which the failed, the conference resolution criti­ Advertiser recently denounced for certain of­ fenses it committed in its resolutions.... cizing this ordinance gave them an Because Mrs. Charlton is a lady and a Chris­ issue they calculated they could best tian, we doubt that she will now take our use. An unofficial organization called advice, but we advise her nevertheless to tell the Women's Democratic Clubs of Chairman Dies' investigator to go to hell, Jefferson County called a protest in other words, treat him rough and tell him nothing. . . . meeting, attended by about 200 of " ... No citizen said anything at Birming­ Birmingham's better known Liberty ham that he did not nave a right, under the Leaguers, coal operators, and rem­ United States Constitution, to say. No resolu­ nants of the old Ku Klux Klan. tion adopted by the conference is subversive Mrs. Louise 0. Charlton and other or unlawful, however deplorable it may be for other reasons. The conference was a law­ representatives of the conference were ful assembly of American citizens to sit in refused an opportunity to be heard, judgment upon law and custom. . . . It is while this reactionary crew proceeded not the business of the federal Congress to to pass resolutions condemning the know who suggeslied and organized the con­ ference. It is not the business of the federal conference and charging that it was Congress to know whether attendants were "inspired by Communists" and fin. Republicans, Democrats, Socialists, Commu­ anced by Washington and Moscow. nists or Populites.... And so the Advertiser THE SOUTHERN CONFERENCE

... wishes to express its contempt and scorn of the conference movement in every for the impudent Dies Committee that now state through activities along the lines dares to question the free-born citizens that indicated. originated and participated in this ill-fated [sic!) conference." THE COMMUNIST PARTY IN THE SOUTH While we can afford to discount As stated above, Comrade Browder Editor Hall's estimate of the Confer­ anticipated the Southern Conference ence as "ill-fated," though sharing as in his discussion on the N .E.C. report. we do his healthy contempt and scorn This is no coincidence. Our Party has for Dies and his committee, we think for many years given earnest study to there is a still better way of handling the problems of the South on the the Liberty League enemies of the scientific basis of Marxist-Leninist conference movement. Since the con­ principle. ference, the fight has been too much Southern state organizations of the on issues selected by the reactionaries. Communist Party were represented at If the conference will come forward the conference by five Southern Com­ on issues of its own choosing, based munist delegates. Our Party contrib­ on the excellent and popular program uted in a modest but constructive adopted at the conference, the Liberty manner to the success of the confer­ Leaguers will find the going very ence. This participation of Commu­ rough. nist delegates at the Southern Confer­ Such issues include the decisions of ence reflects the fact that Southern the conference in support of the Har­ progressives are becoming aware of rison-Fletcher bill; the national health the progressive and constructive role program; the campaign for the elim­ ~layed by our Party in the preserva­ ination of the poll tax, especially the tiOn and furthering of democracy and petition drive; extension of the Bank­ the raising of living standards. . head-Janes Act; and the abolition of The Southern Conference for Hu­ the Southern wage and freight differ­ man Welfare has given a str~ng im­ entials. A campaign throughout the petus to progressivism in the South. ~outh for such legislation will rally in The fruition of its purposes depends Its support the broadest sentiment. It on the greater strengthening of the i~ the duty of every Southern progres­ progressive movement in the South. In sive to put his shoulder to the wheel strengthening this movement, our for organization and education be­ Party has before it a great task. On hind the conference objective. this basis, our Party can and must The main job, of course, is still to be done. The Bourbons are still en­ p_roceed to recruit from the progres­ trenched in the Democratic machine. sive ranks many hundreds of new The conference has merely given voice members. By our growth and greater and leadership to the formation of the participation our Party will gain for progressive ranks for the long fight itself greater recognition as an in­ ahead. The complete defeat of the tegral part of the developing demo­ Bourbons requires the broadening out cratic front in the South. THE DEMOCRATIC FRONT AND THE \ NORTHWEST ELECTIONS

BY MORRIS RAPORT Secretary, Northwest District, Communist Party

HE results of the election cam­ gubernatorial nomination for a pro­ T paign in the Pacific Northwest gressive candidate. cannot be considered apart from the Success in the primaries, however, results nationally. The sweeping vic­ offered no guarantee of victory in the tory in the state of Washington for final elections. In the primaries the the progressives and their defeat in reactionary camp was split between the state of Oregon stem from the Republicans and the reactionary forc­ same set of factors that operated to a es in the Democratic Party headed by varying degree in the other states of Governor Martin. Hence, victory for the Union. Moreover, an analysis of the progressive forces in the Demo­ the setback received by the progres­ cratic primaries was within easy reach sive forces in Oregon provides con­ even on a narrow united front basis. clusive proof that the Republican After the primaries, however, the gains throughout the nation were not people were faced with a reactionary due to popular opposition to the New Democratic and Republican coalition. Deal. , The unity of the progressives as it In order to evaluate correctly the existed in the primaries was inade­ different results in Washington and quate to insure the defeat of the com­ Oregon, and to draw the proper con­ bined forces of reaction. clusions, the two states must be dealt Triumph for the progressive forces with separately. could have been achieved only through greater unity between the OREGON C.I.O. and the A. F. of L. and through The Oregon primaries took place extending the democratic front far right after the Seattle city election beyond the labor unions. The top campaign. The forces of progress in officialdom of the A. F. of L., however, Oregon drew some elementary con­ refused to endorse the progressive can­ clusions from this election. Sufficient didate for governor, playing a "neu­ unity was developed between the tral" game, which in effect provided C.I.O. and the A. F. of L. in the pri­ direct support to the Republican can­ mary campaign to defeat the reaction­ didate. And, with unity lacking in the ary Governor Martin and to win the ranks of labor, the middle class and 66 ELECTIONS IN THE NORTHWEST

the farmers were left to drift on their campaign could have been lifted to I ( own. a higher struggle against reaction, as Furthemore, the progressive slate, was demonstrated in Washington and headed by the candidate for governor, California. Hess, failed to provide leadership and Not only did the progressive forces a progressive program. In fact, Hess fail to emphasize this issue, but they refused to come out against the anti­ also neglected the pension movement labor Initiative until the very last in a state where the sentiment for old­ week or so before the elections. This age pensions is very strong and where not only strengthened the coalition the leadership of the Townsend move­ forces of the Martin Democrats and ment is more influential than perhaps the Republicans, but prevented the in any other state in the union. As progressives from exposing the reac­ aresult, the pension movement, which tionary Democrats who were at work was tied by Townsend to the Re­ within Hess' own machine, in order publican Party, served as a major con­ to defeat him. tributing factor to the defeat of the The reactionaries, on ,the other progressive Democrats. hand, demagogically utilized the pro­ Finally, the Communist Party was gressive traditions of the Republican not strong enough to wield the neces­ Party in the state of Oregon. In fact, sary influence on the candidates, to the Republican candidate for gover­ arouse them to the weaknesses of the nor, Sprague, came out emphatically campaign. against the anti-labor Initiative, and Despite the defeat of the progres­ in his statements claimed he was not sive Democrats in the state, the Com­ running against the President and the munist Party candidate for state leg­ New Deal. islator for Multnomah County re­ The Oregon Commonwealth Fed­ ceived about 17,ooo votes, more than eration (O.C.F.) also failed to exert eight times the vote previously record­ sufficient influence to bring together ed for a Party candidate. How was the various progressive forces behind this possible in a state where the New the Democratic ticket. In some re­ Deal ticket was defeated? Why did the spects it even tended towards a simon­ Party receive nearly 16 per cent of the pure position. For example, it refused total vote and one-half of the vote to endorse the president of the Port­ received by the candidates on the land Central Labor Council as a can­ Democratic Party ticket endorsed by didate for the State Legislature. the O.C.F.? The answer is-the Com­ Equally serious was the failure to munist candidate was the only candi­ develop a struggle around the most date who placed support for the New obvious spearhead of reaction, the Deal as against reaction in the very anti-labor Initiative 131, the passage center of his campaign. of which already offers a serious Thus, the vote for the Party not threat to organized labor. This should only demonstrates that the people have been the main issue, not only for want to continue with the New Deal, labor, but for all the people. It pro­ but it is also an instruction to the vided the fulcrum by which the whole programless progressives to work out 68 THE COMMUNIST as rapidly as possible a New Deal The reactionary forces, developing program and to mobilize their forces their strategy to achieve a victory in in the struggle against reaction. At the fall elections, created a coalition the same time the vote constitutes a of tory Democrats and Republicans recognition of the Party as an integral which launched a common war on the part of the growing democratic front progressive forces which supported the movement, and an approval of the New Deal. They embarked on a general policy of our Party. It is an policy of utilizing the split in the instruction to our Party to assume as ranks of labor to intensify jurisdic­ rapidly as possible its full responsi­ tional disputes, hoping to arouse pub­ bility in the state of Oregon as the lic opposition to the labor unions, vanguard of the progressive forces. It which are the very backbone of the must play a decisive role in preserving progressive movement in the state of intact the forces of the O.C.F. and Washington. averting any tendency of disintegra­ This strategy took the form of in­ tion and defeatism. troducing in California, Oregon and The importance of our Party, small Washington an Initiative Bill spon­ as it is, in the Oregon election cam­ sored by the Women of Washington paign can be seen from the fact that and the Associated Farmers, tools of in Multnomah County, in those pre­ the open shoppers. The bill would cincts where there was a Communist incorporate unions and destroy the Party branch, or even a Communist rights of labor to strike and picket. Party member, the progressives were But this open shop bill was so coated elected and the anti-labor Initiative with demagogic phrases that when it defeated. This is the best answer to was presented, thousands of workers the vicious campaign already being and their families, disgusted with the developed against the Party by the jurisdictional disputes promoted by reactionaries which finds an echo the reactionary labor leaders, favored among some of the confused progres­ the Initiative. A public poll about sives, to the effect that it was the primary time indicated that some 8o Party's support which defeated the per cent of the people favored the Democratic slate. measure! The Washington Commonwealth WASHINGTON Federation (W.C.F.) correctly ana­ lyzed the tactic of the reactionaries The defeat of the progressive candi­ and left no stone unturned to bring date for mayor and the candidates about the broadest unity between pro­ for councilmen in Seattle was an ob­ gressive forces. The first struggle cen­ ject lesson to the progressive forces tered around the effort to control the as they faced the fall elections. It was state convention of the Democratic definitely recognized that this defeat Party. The anti-New Deal forces, led was due to the split in the ranks of by Governor Martin and aided by the labor, accentuated by the leadership Republicans, sought to control the of Dave Beck and of the Hutcheson convention in order to repudiate the clique of the building trades. New Deal and isolate the W.C.F. from ELECTIONS IN THE NORTHWEST

the progressive forces within the Dem­ alry in their own primaries by filing ocratic Party. Because it was able to only one candidate for each position, establish beginnings of parallel action so that they could safely vote in the between the C.I.O. and the A. F. of L. Democratic primaries for reactionary (thus strengthening at the same time Democrats. its leadership among the middle class In order to defeat this coalition, the and the professionals), the W.C.F. W.C.F. took the leadership in unify­ won control of the King County dele­ ing all the progressive groups behind gation, almost one-third of the state a single candidate for each office. delegation to the Democratic Party With the basis established for parallel convention. This served as the nu­ action between the C.I.O. and the cleus for a New Deal majority. A. F. of L., the unity movement broad­ The platform adopted at this con­ ened. County officials were also united vention constituted an unmistakable with the progressive front. New Deal repudiation of the Martin tories and groups, progressives and middle-of­ called for the extension of the New the-road elements were joined with Deal program, both nationally and in the W.C.F. forces. It was of particular the state of Washington. It was the importance to get the support of th~ first state Democratic Party platform anti-Martin incumbent county poli­ which pledged support to the Presi­ ticians, especially in King County, dent's policy of "quarantining the ag­ because of their close relationship to gressors," calling for the adoption of the A. F. of L. leaders. the O'Connell amendment. It also This unity made possible the de­ called for the defeat of the· anti-labor feat of the Martin-Republican coali­ Initiative 130, and at the same time tion in the primaries. The attempt to so exposed Martin, that various fence­ "purge" the Democratic Party of the sitting delegations from farming coun­ W.C.F. candidates was repudiated by ties joined the progressive coalition. the National Committee members, by Stung by this defeat, the reaction­ the officials of the Young Democratic ary forces within the Democratic Party Club, and by the Congressmen. The organized "Progressive Democratic primary elections saw the most deci­ Leagues" to defeat the New Deal sive repudiation of Red-baiting and forces in the primaries, centering their the most ringing defeat of the Martin attack on the W.C.F., demagogically attempts to control the Democratic charging it with being a "Trojan Party. The main leaders of the Mar­ Horse for the Communist Party." Op­ tin forces were defeated and all the position candidates were endorsed Congressmen were nominated by a and financed through organizations sweeping plurality. The progressive set up by Governor Martin. forces were also victorious in the elec­ Since Washington operates under a tion of precinct committeemen in the blanket primary law, it was possible most populated areas, and wrested for the tory Martin to form a coali­ control of the State Committee ma­ tion with the Republicans against the chinery of the Democratic Party from progressive Democrats in the prima­ the reactionary forces. King County, ries. The Republicans eliminated riv- the key to the state, was completely THE COMMUNIST won by the progressive forces under not have carried the weight with the the leadership of the W.C.F. progressives that it did. That this pol­ The final campaign saw the organ­ icy of "Vote 'em Straight" was deci­ ized center of reaction in the Repub­ sive, was subsequently proved by the lican Party. Its strategy was to concen­ election returns. Forty per cent of the trate on gaining a foothold particu­ King County vote was "straight Dem­ larly in key county positions, as a ocrat," twenty per cent was straight basis for a return to power in 1940. Republican, and the remaining forty Its main line was to win over the vast per cent was split. Many of the impor­ number of confused voters who were tant offices would have been lost to dissatisfied with the Martin starva\ion the progressive forces without this un­ administration and with many of the precedented straight Democratic vote. county officials who professed to be This policy of "Vote 'em Straight," New Dealers but actually were not. In however, cannot be used under all addition to skillful demagogy, an un. circumstances. It may only be useful precedented barrage of Red-baiting when the progressive forces have a took place. Stalin and Browder were majority of the candidates on the the most publicized men in the cam­ ticket. The Republicans saw this, and paign. Only a decisive policy which the reactionary press attacked this rejected Red-baiting and which stood policy as a "Communist trick, an at­ for unqualified unity among progres­ tempt at Stalinist dictatorship," etc. sives could have succeeded against They suddenly "agreed" with Roose­ these attacks. velt that the elections transcended The main tactical line of the pro­ party lines, and coined an opposi­ gressives was to extend unity among tion slogan: "Vote straight or get the the forces of the democratic front. gate." The question before the progressives As the campaign developed, the was how to achieve this unity, how office of Prosecuting Attorney became to apply the main tactical line to keep the point of concentration of the re­ the vast majority of registered Demo­ actionaries. All over the state they crats within the ranks of the Demo­ centered their efforts on the office of cratic Party, and at the same time to Prosecuting Attorney. They varied keep from sacrificing the very heart their campaign appeals in accordance of the election campaign, the Tacoma with the local situatio~. In Seattle Platform of the Democratic Party. they attacked the Democratic incum­ Thus, the progressives correctly em­ bent for being "too lax" in law en­ barked on a policy of "Vote 'em forcement. In Tacoma they attacked Straight Democrat." The W.C.F. was the Democratic candidate as "too decisive in putting forward this tac­ strict." Elsewhere they attacked Dem­ tic. Without the W.C.F. and its influ­ ocratic candidates as "no good Demo­ ence, it would have been impossible crats." The reason for this concentra­ to get labor and many of the can­ tion on the office of Prosecuting At­ didates to accept this slogan. Had it torney showed where the crucial issue been put forward by the Democratic lay. Expecting Initiative 130 to carry, Party without the W.C.F., it would they wanted their own people to in- ELECTIONS IN THE NORTHWEST

terpret it and enforce it. If it did not the progressive bloc beyond the carry, it was imr.ortant to control the W.C.F., to include all anti-Martin Prosecuting Attorney's office to make Democrats on the basis of the state their own anti-labor interpretations platform of the Democratic Party. of various labor laws. The defeat of the incipient fascist, The campaign for the seats of Con­ anti-labor Initiative 130 was one of gress presented nothing new, except the most important factors in the cam­ for the spectacular victory of John M. paign. The tremendous vote against Coffee. In the previous elections, he 130 in practically every farming squeezed through only lJy the vote county reaffirms completely the Par­ given him in King County by the ty's estimation of the political charac­ W.C.F. forces. This time, he carried ter of the farming population. It re­ his district in Tacoma by three to · pudiates the contention that the far. one, in the face of the most intensive mers are reactionary. It shows that Red-baiting campaign. This victory the progressive sentiment among the for the outstanding progressive Con­ farmers has been underestimated by gressman in the state of Washington the general labor and progressive is in itself proof that the people are movement. It also shows that unity not turning away from the New Deal, among the forces of labor-the C.I.O., and that when Red-baiting is met the A. F. of L., etc.,-will inevitably squarely without hesitation and vacil­ bring the farmers into the active pro­ lation, the progressive forces are vic­ gressive movement. torious. A similar example is the great THE TROTSKYITES IN THE SERVICE plurality of Magnusson in Seattle. OF MONOPOLY CAPITAL The campaign for state legislators was of crucial significance, since it def­ The role of the Trotskyites in the initely involved the power of the gov­ election campaign requires special ernor. While the Republicans made consideration. They found themselves gains, it was mostly at the expense of in a peculiar situation. They had to the Martin Democrats. The W.C.F. devise new ways to carry out their bloc was doubled in the house and wrecking and splitting in the progres­ tripled in the Senate, although it fell sive movement because there is no short of an absolute majority. The Socialist Party existing in this state danger now lies in the possibility of through which to operate. This forced a continued coalition of the Repub­ them to the shelter provided fiy the licans and Martin Democrats in the reactionary Republicans and Demo­ state legislature, with the aim of car­ crats. As the experienced vanguard of rying on disruptive tactics, to keep the Red-baiters, they pursued a policy the legislature in a state of constant of centering the attack on the W.C.F. turmoil, and thus discredit the Demo­ and the Communist Party. cratic Party as a whole. Thus they They set up the stillborn "Na­ would shape the public mind for a tional Project Workers Union" in an "harmonious" Martin-Republican vic­ attempt to split the unemployed tory in 1940. This danger can be groups, with money provided by the effectively met only by broadening reactionaries hi both major parties.

of of democracy. democracy. democratic democratic Our Our Party Party front. front. was was not not skill-

Trotskyism Trotskyism as as factor factor a a menace menace in in building building to to the the and and forces forces broadening broadening the the

were were not not equipped equipped but, but, on on effectively effectively the the contrary, contrary, to to fight fight becomes becomes a a vital vital

sible sible only only "hinder" "hinder" because because the the the the struggle struggle progressives progressives against against reaction, reaction,

with with the the W.C.F. W.C.F. fascist fascist This This aggression aggression was was made made not not pos­ only only does does not not

cumbent cumbent Senator Senator struggle struggle formerly formerly for for concerted concerted connected connected action action against against

These These experiences experiences Trotskyites Trotskyites proved proved succeed succeed that that in in the the electing electing an an in­

the the state. state. Only Only in in one one place place did did the the paign. paign.

of of the the most most progressive progressive counties counties in in ocratic ocratic forces forces in in the the election election cam­

labor labor Initiative Initiative carrying carrying in in one one front, front, thereby thereby strengthening strengthening 130 130 the the dem­

actionary actionary Republicans, Republicans, with with the the anti­ found found their their place place in in the the democratic democratic

tween tween the the pro-New pro-New Deal Deal and and the the re­ cially cially real real in in the the Pacific Pacific Northwest) Northwest)

The The result result was was of of fascist fascist a a very very aggression aggression close close race race (and (and be­ this this is is espe­

W.C.F. W.C.F. and and the the Democratic Democratic Party. Party. people people who who were were moved moved by by the the threat threat

progressive progressive elements elements out out of of the the Magnusson. Magnusson. Many Many sections sections of of the the

party party move, move, to to stampede stampede the the genuine genuine progressive progressive candidates candidates as as Coffee Coffee and and

In In Bellingham, Bellingham, they they made made a a third­ support support from from many many quarters quarters to to such such

the the campaign. campaign. elections elections also also provided provided additional additional

Communists" Communists" as as the the major major issue issue in in Relating Relating the the struggle struggle for for peace peace to to the the

slogan slogan "Defeat "Defeat the the W.C.F. W.C.F. and and the the against against local local reactionary reactionary isolationists. isolationists.

munist munist Party, Party, trying trying to to promote promote the the plan plan provided provided an an effective effective weapon weapon

ail ail assailing assailing the the W.C.F. W.C.F. and and the the Com­ plank plank in in the the Tacoma Tacoma platform. platform. The The

lican lican candidates. candidates. They They went went on on the the the the inclusion inclusion of of the the O'Connell O'Connell peace peace

moved moved over over in in a a body body to to the the Repub. Repub. the the Northwest. Northwest. This This was was indicated indicated by by

After After the the primaries, primaries, arated arated from from the the Trotskyites Trotskyites the the day-to-day day-to-day struggle struggle in in

ones ones on on the the united united progressive progressive slate. slate. against against fascist fascist aggression, aggression, was was not not sep­

fice fice seekers," seekers," as as against against the the "corrupt" "corrupt" The The struggle struggle for for world world peace, peace,

was was done done in in the the name name of of "honest "honest of­

THE THE STRUGGLE STRUGGLE FOR FOR PEACE PEACE

the the New New Deal Deal forces forces and and labor. labor. This This

office, office, hoping hoping that that this this would would split split mitted mitted to to survive survive the the primaries. primaries.

supported supported some some candidates candidates for for county county tions, tions, Trotskyism Trotskyism must must not not be be per­

Those Those within within the the labor labor movement movement ment ment as as a a whole. whole. In In major major party party elec­

W.C.F. W.C.F. and and the the pro-New pro-New Deal Deal forces. forces. front front and and to to the the progressive progressive move­

as as a a "Left" "Left" camouflage camouflage to to defeat defeat the the skyism skyism as as a a menace menace to to the the democratic democratic

time time establishing establishing must must their their learn learn own own effectively effectively "leagues" "leagues" to to expose expose Trot­

up up by by Governor Governor Martin, Martin, at at the the same same duct duct a a struggle struggle against against Trotskyism, Trotskyism,

"Progressive "Progressive Democratic Democratic Leagues" Leagues" set set that that our our Party Party must must consistently consistently con­

secure secure for for themselves themselves a a home home in in the the dates. dates. From From this this it it must must be be concluded concluded

destroy destroy democracy.'' democracy.'' They They sought sought to to by by defeating defeating two two progressive progressive candi­

Communist-Party, Communist-Party, which which is is seeking seeking to to paid paid the the support support of of the the reactionaries reactionaries

W.C.F. W.C.F. as as the the "Trojan "Trojan Horse Horse of of the the elected elected by by a a narrow narrow margin, margin, she she re­

the the Administration, Administration, attacking attacking the the crats crats and and Republicans. Republicans. While While she she was was

Workers Workers Alliance Alliance as as "stooling" "stooling" for for received received from from the the reactionary reactionary Demo­

leaflets leaflets and and bulletins bulletins attacking attacking the the ites ites and and the the that that candidate candidate suppor~ suppor~

Through Through it, it, they they issued issued a a number number of of ful ful enough enough in in exposing exposing the the Trotsky­

THE THE COMMUNIST COMMUNIST ELECTIONS IN THE NORTHWEST

NEXT STEPS sonian clubs, and various other organ­ The results of the elections have izations. These organizations sprang developed a new set of conditions ne­ up because they felt that the W.C.F. cessitating a re-examination of the po­ was "too far to the Left." Hence, the sition of the W.C.F. While the forces duty of the W.C.F. now is to win of reaction have not been completely these organizations, not only asking routed from the Democratic Party, their affiliation, but also seeing to it and the process of transforming it that they continue to function and into a progressive party has not yet strengthen themselves. been consummated, the fact remains that the W.C.F. has become, especial­ VITAL TASKS IN THE STRUGGLE ly in the crucial King County area, The progressive forces in the state, the dominant factor in the Demo­ under the leadership of the W.C.F., cratic Party, transforming it into a have already taken steps to clinch the New Deal organization largely in the victories won in the November elec­ hands of the rank-and-file voters. tions. A broad legislative conference From an "opposition," the W.C.F. has been called for the purpose of in­ has now become the majority, bearing troducing state legislation in line with full responsibility to the people that the New Deal. The progressives are the New Deal be brought into the also faced with the task of supporting state of Washington. While the the struggle for progressive legislation W.C.F. must essentially maintain its in the next Congress. The reaction­ political and organizational indepen­ aries, defeated at the polls, openly ad­ dence, to act as the vanguard of the mit that they "have just begun to New Deal forces, both within and fight." The extension of labor unity is without the Democratic Party, it now the main prerequisite for the further becomes possible to affiliate the Dem­ development of the democratic front. ocratic Party organizations to the The W.C.F. and the progressives as a W.C.F. Thus, sections of the Demo­ whole will also have to come to the cratic Party which are beginning to aid of the state of Oregon in develop­ adopt the nature of democratic front ing a campaign to defeat the vicious instrumentalities can now find their anti-labor bill there. The labor forces place within the W.C.F., alongside of in Washington must realize that the other progressive organizations-labor very existence of this bill threatens unions, Workers Alliance, old-age the life of the unions not only in pension groups, etc. Oregon, but in Washington as well. The objective of building the Above all, the progressives must W.C.F. must be considered on a deepen their own understanding of broader basis than ever before. The the possible breadth of the democrat­ task of the W.C.F. is not only to build ic front and the wide scope of forces itself but to maintain and strengthen that can and must be won to the those organizations that support the struggle against reaction. This re­ democratic front and that were built quires that the progressives shall place during the campaign, such as the New the achievement of this far oroader Deal clubs, Roosevelt clubs, Jeffer- unity in the center of their program, 74 THE COMMUNIST jealously guarding against ill-advised and leadership of the Party. Above Leftist terrors which might alienate all, we must keep in mind the words any of the potential democratic front of Comrade Stalin: forces. "Contacts with the masses, the strengthen­ THE ROLE OF THE PARTY ing of these contacts, readiness to listen to the voice of the masses-in this lie the Basing itself on the decisions of our strength and impregnability of Bolshevik historic Tenth National Convention, leadership." • our Party was able to analyze the sit­ While our Party branches have uation correctly, providing both or­ made great headway in rooting them­ ganization and m1t1at1ve for the selves in the neighborhoods, this as­ broad democratic front developed in pect of our work still remains far be­ the process of struggle against reac­ hind the present urgent needs. With tion. Doubling its membership during the extension of the democratic front the year, our Party demonstrated that struggles to the neighborhood ma­ it was able to become an integral part chinery of the major political parties, of the mass movement and continue far more attention must be given to its growth, although by no means the task of becoming an integral part rapidly enough. It extended its organ­ of the neighborhood and community izations into many new farming areas,· organizations, while in no way over­ raised the political maturity of the looking the role of the Party in the membership, and consolidated its or­ factories and trade unions. As yet, ganization. On the whole, we have while individual comrades are accept­ learned to function under difficult cir­ ed as leaders of the non-Party organi­ cumstances more effectively. zations, our Party itself does not ap­ But the immensity of the tasks con­ pear independently in the day-to-day fronting us requires the sharpest ex­ struggles. This makes it far more diffi­ amination and correction of the weak­ cult for our Party to relate the strug­ nesses which manifested themselves in gle for the everyday needs of the the course of our work. With the people to the struggle for socialism. growth of the mass movement, and Our Party in the Northwest is be­ the participation of our Party within coming a mass Party in the conditions it, far more is required from individ­ of a maturing democratic front. This ual comrades in giving leadership to requires the application of all our en­ that mass movement. ergy to insure an even more rapid There still remains too great a gap growth and stabilization, which must between the higher and lower organi­ be achieved in constant struggle zations of the Party, with the lower against formal, mechanical and out­ organizations operating largely as a worn methods. The search for new result of pressure from the higher methods must be a constant one. committees, and not acting with suf­ The results of the election cam­ ficient maturity and independence. In paign point the way to the extension turn, there has not developed suffi­ of the role of our Party. In the center cient criticism from these lower or­ • Joseph Stalin, Mastering Bobhevism, ganizations to refresh the whole work Workers Library Publishers, New York. ELECTIONS IN THE NORTHWEST 75 of its work must be the ruthless ex­ more decisively than ever our Party posure of the fascist-inspired Red­ must press forward for the unity of baiting and its accompanying dema­ the broadest masses in the struggle for gogy which will undoubtedly become a democratic Northwest and a demo­ even more skillful and intense. Much cratic America.

"Labor with a white skin cannot be free while labor with a black skin is branded." -Karl Marx. THE NEGRO AND THE DEMOCRATIC FRONT BY JAMES W. FORD Price $1.75

"Comrade Ford's book is a real achievement in the forward march of the Negro people. Here, in simple terms, concrete experiences and practical policies, is the democratic front program that will eventually put the Negro masses on the way to freedom. Every member of our Party should familiarize himself with its invaluable contents."­ William Z. Foster. AN ANALYSIS OF THE OHIO ELECTIONS-WHAT NEXT?

BY JOHN WILLIAMSON State Secretary, Communist Party, Ohio

N THE numerous recent election tional voters, but rather that a sub­ I analyses carried by the daily press, stantial number of previous support­ the state of Ohio has been pointed to ers of Roosevelt abstained from vot­ as "the average state" which, it is ing. This was true in both rural and claimed, "shows the country took a urban counties. A comparison of 1936 swing to the Right and away from the with 1938 voting figures shows the New Deal." There is no denying the following: fact that the candidates sponsored by DEMOCRATIC the tory reactionary forces were victo­ Gov. Pres. rious in Ohio as far as the statewide 1936 ..... 1,539·461 1,747,140 1938 ..... 1,147·395 vote is concerned. Not only was the complete Republican state and U. S. REPUBLICAN Senatorial slate elected, but the Re­ Gov. Pres. 1936 1,412,773 1,127,835 publicans have majorities in both 1938 1,265,652 state houses. These newspaper commentators A further analysis of these figures, come to ready conclusions because for six industrial counties and six they see these results contrasted with typical rural counties (using the vote 1936 when Roosevelt carried the state for Governor in both years), shows by a 6oo,ooo majority; or the primary the following: results in August of this year when 1938 the infamous Davy was defeated in Industrial City Dem. Rep. the Democratic primaries. While it Cleveland ...... 216,774 152,841 would be wrong to underestimate the Akron ...... 56.693 49,284 Youngstown 37,8o6 tory victory in Ohio, a deeper analysis 43.377 Toledo ...... 45,685 59.793 of the election results is necessary, Bellaire .... 20,197 15-378 in order to draw the lessons for the Cincinnati ...... ' . 103,112 118,621 immediate future. Two developments are important in this connection. Total . .... 485,838 433·723 Rural 1. An examination of the election Logan County 4.639· 8,042 figures demonstrates that the Repub­ Knox ...... 5·316 7·963 lican Party did not win many addi- Wood 6,630 13,032 AN ANALYSIS OF THE OHIO ELECTIONS 77 Dem. Rep. the first days of the campaign, Taft Williams ...... ' ..... 446o 7,096 started out on an open anti-New Deal Hardin ...... 6,55!1 7·54!1 platform, declaring: Warren ...... 4·173 7>394 "Nowhere else is the issue so clearly de­ Total ...... !1 1·771 51,708 fined as in Ofi.io. Our principal opponents, 1936 Sawyer and Bulkley, are 100 per cent New Industrial City Dem. Rep. Dealers who have never said a word in op­ Cleveland ...... uo,921 234·552 position to the most radical measures of Akron ...... 80,015 52,092 regulation and government spending and do Youngstown ...... 54·982 !13.625 not hesitate to say that they will support Toledo ...... 68474 6o,674 whatever policies are proposed by the Presi­ Bellaire ...... 29,085 15,833 dent. It is not too much to say that the re­ Cincinnati ...... 1!j2,699 141,781 sult in Ohio will determine the history of the nation for years to come. If a New Deal Total ...... 586,176 538·557 Congress is elected, that will assure the pas­ Rural sage of every radical measure which so far Logan County ...... 6.970 8,858 has been blocked, and would make it ex­ Knox ...... 7·5g6 8,867 ceedingly difficult to effect a change of ad­ Wood ...... 11,!142 13,118 ministration in 1940." Williams ...... 5·529 7-578 The strategists within Hardin ...... 8,055 8,150 the Republi­ Warren ...... 6,650 7·87!1 can Party were quick to recognize the fallacy of this type of campaign. The Total ...... 46,142 54·444 Cleveland News declared: These figures show that while the total vote was slightly smaller in 1938 "There are Republicans in the state, par­ ticularly in the smaller communities, than 1936, who the "stay at home" vote are hostile on this question [relief]. We urge was much larger among the New Deal them to consider ... the political facts of the than among the Republican sup­ election. If the Republicans are laggard or porters. This is a reflection of the dis­ grudging on this issue, they can whistle for satisfaction of large numbers of mid­ their chances in Cuyahoga County." dle class people, especially farmers, While this advice did not help the with the New Deal results in Ohio, Republicans in Cuyahoga County or of confusion as a result of the ter­ (Cleveland), both Taft and Bricker rific bombardment of anti-New Deal changed their tune and. began talking Red-baiting which was carried on in about "agreeing with the social aims the rural communities. These people, of the New Deal" but "differing on its in their great majority, did not sup­ administrative methods." Taft began port Taft and Bricker, but stayed at to champion the Townsend plan and home demonstrating their dissatisfac­ many Republican Congressional can­ tion with the New Deal results in didates openly spoke of the need of Ohio, and also their skepticism with an $8o monthly minimum on W.P.A. the Tory Republican candidates. instead of the present $6o. This was 2. The other main development the technique developed in the indus­ which demonstrates that the people trial areas, while in the rural commu­ of Ohio have not been won over to a nities criticism was made of the farm reactionary position is the type of program of the New Deal and a par­ campaign of the Tory candidates. In ticularly vicious Red-baiting cam- THE COMMUNIST paign was carried on, raising the bug­ was not necessary to win the farm aboo of "the C.I.O. and Lewis dom­ vote. They depended upon an en­ ination of the Democratic Party" and dorsement of Senator Vic Donahey, "Communist endorsement of Sawyer himself a middle-of-the-road Demo­ and Bulkley." It is clear that al­ cmt, to win the farm vote. To win the though the Tory Republicans made support of the farmers, it was neces­ important gains, this does not dem­ sary to be critical of these particular onstrate that the people of Ohio have weaknesses of the New Deal and come consciously and demonstratively gone out openly for a farm program that into the reacionary camp. The Cleve­ answered the needs of the farmer. It land Press, on the day after the elec­ was also necessary to expose the tion, declared: fakery of the "Red" issue that was raised in all farm communities. "Mr. Taft helped his cause ... by appear­ 2. A tory defeat also required still ing not as a bucking reactionary, but of the Bruce Barton School of streamlined Repub­ greater trade union collaboration be. licanism." hind the New Deal. While the split­ ting tactics of reaction were less effec­ NEW DEAL COULD HAVE BEEN VICTORIOUS tive on the trade union field than The election results could have elsewhere, nevertheless, the fact that been different in Ohio. It was possible important leaders of the Ohio State to unite the anti-reactionary, anti-tory Federation like Briedenbach, Myers majority and decisively defeat the and Dalton campaigned for Bricker tory Republicans and their agents, and Taft, with unlimited Republican like Davey, within the Democratic money at their disposal, had some Party. That would have been possible effect. They organized an election or­ on the following basis: ganization called The A. F. of L. 1. If the unity of the farmer and Affiliates. They circularized all locals. laborer behind the progressive New They printed half-page advertise­ Deal platform had been maintained. ments in all newspapers, they printed This would have been possible in the their own paper in several million first place, if the New Deal had of­ copies for a free distribution, they re­ fered a satisfactory program to meet sorted to forgery of "Communist" the problems and needs of the farm. leaflets, and committed downright ing majority. The weakest point in fraud. the New Deal legislation, generally, is Despite the harm of this tory clique the farm program, and the A.A.A. of A. F. of L. leaders, labor in Ohio is particularly disliked in Ohio, be­ supported the New Deal more united­ cause of the character and size of ly than ever before. The great major­ farming. The average farmer in Ohio ity of A. F. of L. local unions declared felt he was "let down" by the New in favor of the New Deal. Important Deal, while the worker got all the central bodies, such as Cleveland, benefits. This general complaint was Youngstown, Canton, Warren, Colum­ accentuated because the conservative bus, Bellaire, Steubenville, etc., voted New Dealers, Sawyer and Bulkley, felt down endorsement of Taft and Bric­ "everything was in the bag" and it ker and supported -'awyer and Bulk- AN ANALYSIS OF THE OHIO ELECTIONS 79 ley. Wherever there was a semblance and popularize it. The series of de­ of joint action by the A. F. of L., the bates between Taft and Bulkley lost C.I.O. and Railroad Brotherlioods, as votes for the New Deal. Instead of in Cleveland, Akron, Youngstown proclaiming the progressive features and Ohio Valley, there the New Deal of the New Deal; instead of plead­ ticket was victorious. ing guilty to being a yes-man, _A bright spot in the election cam­ if by that is meant supporting the paign was the demonstration of joint Wages and Hours Bill, the Relief and trade union action in Cleveland when Recovery Bill, the W.P.A., the Anti­ A. F. of L. leaders Murphy and Ror­ Lynching Bill, the Wagner Labor ick (teamsters), and C.F.L. Secre­ Act and such New Deal legislation tary Lenehan spoke at a Labor's Non­ which was in the interest of the Partisan League rally with C.I.O. American people, Bulkley resorted to leaders for the New Deal and trade explaining that he hadn't always sup­ union unity. A further demonstration ported Roosevelt. Such type of cam­ of the effectiveness of joint action of paigning did not arouse enthusiasm. the trade unions and placing of is­ DAVEY TREASON WITHIN sues squarely, was the two to one de­ DEMOCRATIC PARTY feat of the infamous appointive ju­ diciary amendment. Here was an ex­ 4· The New Deal camp had traitors ample of unity of labor being the within its own ranks. These were cornerstone of a greater unity of all headed by the stooge of Girdler, Gov­ democratic forces. The state confer­ ernor Davey. This Liberty League ence against the appointive judiciary Democrat who consistently opposed amendment called by the A. F. of L., Roosevelt, who fought against every the C.I.O. and other progressive forces New Deal measure, who starved the brought together over 1,000 delegates unemployed and shot down steel and helped guarantee defeat of this strikers, who sabotaged the W.P.A., reactionary measure. It is clear, how­ and who was exposed for graft and ever, that the lack of complete trade corruption, was defeated in the Dem­ union unity and the vicious cam­ ocratic primaries. The proceedings of paign of the small tory clique of the the State Convention, of the Demo­ A. F. of L. building trades leaders cratic Party verified the Communist helped to alienate middle class and charge of "Davey and Bricker being farming support to the New Deal. twins of reaction." 3· An aggressive New Deal crusade At that time, Davey proposed was necessary to combat reaction and "peace" on three conditions: (1) that organize the progressive majority to the convention by resolution approve pr:oper action. Instead, the leading unconditionally all the acts of his ad­ candidates vacillated on decisive is­ ministration; (2) that the platform sues and allowed themselves to be condemn the C.I.O.; (3) that he be maneuvered into a defensive position. given fifteen minutes at the conven­ They did not even take the Demo­ tion on a statewide hook-up to speak cratic state platform, which was on on any subject of his own choosing. the whole a progressive document, These conditions were rejected and THE COMMUNIST

the Republican Bricker immediately weaknesses of the New Deal (especial­ proclaimed: "I think they are purging ly in reference to Ohio farmers) had the best men out of the [Democratic] been recognized, if an aggressive cru­ Party. We want the purgees to come sade had been conducted by the New into the Republican Party." Deal caudidates, the majority of Ohio Nevertheless, all the conclusions voters would have supported Roose­ were not drawn. Daveycrats, some in velt and the New Deal as decisively as the positions of county chairmen, they did in 1936. continued to stab the New Deal and We Communists entered this cam­ its candidates after the primaries, and paign under the slogan of uniting there was hesitation to expose these every progressive and labor force into Daveycrats, who made a 70-30 patron­ a great democratic front behind one age deal with Bricker after the pri­ progressive candidate in order to maries. This treason within the Dem­ guarantee the defeat of reaction and ocratic Party, and the failure to ex­ its candidates. We worked with all pose it openly and sharply, contrib­ our might towards this aim. We gave uted to the election results. the best that we had to further trade 5· While an outstanding feature of union unity, the L.N.P.L. and the the campaign was the beginning of unity of the people. We made no spe­ independent labor action on the po­ cial demands, raised no conditions. litical field through Labor's Non-Par­ Our only interest was the interest of tisan League, there were evident the people, the interest of democracy, certain weaknesses which everyone of true Americanism. should note. The primary campaign In Ohio, the Communist Party of Labor's Non-Partisan League demonstrated its ability to place its against Davey involved more trade candidates on the ballot, but in ac­ unionists and reached higher levels cord with our primary declaration, than the final campaign against Bric­ we withdrew our candidates, in order ker and Taft. While the state officers to do everything which would help of Labor's Non-Partisan League gave achieve unity of the progressive labor­ a lead in their radio talks and direc­ New Deal front. While withdrawing tives, there was not the same conscious. our candidates, we did not endorse ness below. The need of unity be­ Sawyer or Bulkley, despite the news­ tween labor and all other progressive papers and the Republican Party. forces, . especially the importance of Was our policy correct? labor championing the interests and By and large, our policy was cor. demands of the farmer and middle rect. Today, it is clear, however, that class, was not appreciated. The New we should have left at least one state Deal victories in the majority of the candidate in the field and placed one industrial cities, especially Cleveland, or two Communists on the ballot in demonstrate the growing influence of various localities for State Represen­ the L.N.P.L. It is clear that if the is­ tative or Senator. This would have sues had been placed sharply, if the given our Party branches greater pos­ demagogy and fake issues of the Re­ sibilities to conduct an effective elec­ publicans had been exposed, if the tion campaign and would also have AN ANALYSIS OF THE OHIO ELECTIONS demonstrated our independent unorganized, particularly "Little strength as a part of the developing Steel." democratic front movement. The 2. A new movement for trade Party conducted a more effective agi­ union unity, with every local union tation campaign (radio, leaflets, news­ and Central Labor Council greeting paper, interviews and letters, etc.), the actions of the C.I.O. convention than ever before, although there was and such leaders as Tobin at the A. F. not enough independent Communist of L. convention. Pending national election activity of our branches and action, local coordination committees individual Party members. There of A. F. of L., C.I.O. and Railroad were 8oo,ooo pieces of literature is­ unions, on immediate issues, would sued, a special election edition of be effective. the Midwest Record of 4o,ooo copies 3· Holding of a statewide confer­ and nine radio speeches. The Party, ence in support of the New Deal pro­ as an organization, had a new and im­ gressive measures, at the time of the proved relationship with the demo­ convening of the newly elected State cratic mass movement and came Legislature. Such a conference should through the campaign as an organ­ unite all trade unions together with ization on a higher plane than ever all other progressive forces. In work­ before. ing out the legislative demands of the Ohio people, special attention to the PREPARE FOR 1940 demands of the farmers is necessary. 4· Preparing now, in such cities as The meaning of the election results Cleveland, Youngstown, Akron, and must be brought to the people. The towns in Ohio Valley, to transform election results dictate new tasks, to and enlarge the New Deal majorities reunite the great majority of the pro­ of 1938 into landslide majorities for gressive people of Ohio in prepara­ progressive municipal administrations tion for 1940. The immediate needs and clean out the tory municipal of the moment are: administrations in these cities. 1. Unity of labor and progressive 5· To help make possible the gen­ forces to defend the New Deal legisla­ eral advancement of the trade unions tive program and laws and the gains and the entire democratic front move­ of labor, especially the wage levels ment, intensify the building of the and W.P.A. This should be combined Communist Party in Ohio, reaching with taking steps to convince the our goal of 5,000 Communists in Ohio unions of the need of organizing the by January, 1939. BOOK REVIEWS

A SIGNAL BOOK BY A NOTABLE to the system of cruel social oppression-dis­ NEGRO LEADER crimination, segregation, denial of civil rights, lynching in the South-one confronts the appalling misery of the Negro people THE NEGRO AND THE DEMOCRATIC in the United States. FRONT. By ]ames W. Ford. 222 pp. In­ Does the fact that out of 13,000,000 Ne­ ternational Publishers, New York, 1938. groes today, only 56,829 could rise to the $1.75. status of teachers, that in the whole coun­ HE recent book by Comrade James W. try there are only 6,825 Negro physicians, T Ford, The Negro and the Democratic lawyers and dentists, confirm the propaganda Front, is a much needed and most valuable of Hearst, Hitler and Mussolini, that the contribution to the literature of our Party. Negro represents a lower stage of human de­ Comrade Ford traces not only the development velopment? The fact that more Negroes do of the struggle for the unity of the Negro not occupy positions in the professions is people, but the whole policy of the Commu­ due, as Comrade Ford shows, to the great nist Party in building the democratic front. limitations placed on their admission to the Every member of our Party and every anti­ high schools and universities of the country. fascist interested in the preservation of de­ Clearly, the reason is not biological "inferior­ mocracy and peace must not fail to read this ity," but economic super-exploitation most timely and authoritative work. coupled with social ostracism. Comrade Ford approaches the struggles of Similarly, Comrade Ford points out, big the Negro people as a son of the working capital has not permitted the development people of the South, who has throughout his of Negro industrial enterprises to any extent, life been intimately connected with the thus holding the Negro people as a whole struggles of the Negro people for liberation. in an inferior economic position among the The plight of the Negro people is in this population in the United States. ~ook revealed to us in all its glaring aspects What is the key to this situation? Comrade m the course of the economic crisis. Much as Ford clearly shows that it lies in the pro­ the whites have suffered, the Negroes have gram of the democratic front for the entire suffered far more. Of the approximately 12,­ Negro people. He stresses the organization of ooo,ooo Negroes in the country, according to the Negro workers into the trade unions, in the 1930 census, the majority are in the unity with the white workers in the indus­ South, working on the farms and plantations. tries. He calls for the building of the unity of the Negro people, as part of the demo­ "In 1930," declares Comrade Ford, "there cratic front in the struggle for social and ~ere 40,000 fewer Negro farm-owners than national security. m 1910. Between 1920 and 1930, Negroes lost To what degree has this been accomplished? about 2,750,ooo acres of land." The leadership of the A. F. of L. and the international unions affiliated to the A. F. of While funds were advanced by the Na­ tional Farm Credit Administration, little, if L. refu11ed to organize the mass production any, reached the Negro sharecroppers and industries, in which there are hundreds of farmers. Statistics show that nearly 50 per thousands of Negroes. In the craft unions cent of the Negro workers were unemployed, where they were accepted, they were: ac­ in 1934, as compared with 20 to 25 per cent corded an inferior status. With the organ­ of the white workers. Relating these facts ization of the C.I.O. unions, however, their BOOK REVIEWS

(C.I.O.) leadership took a correct position organizations. The heart of the Negro people on the unity of the working class and the of the United States went out to the strug­ struggle against discrimination. Hence, the gle of Ethiopia against Italian fascism. Scores C.I.O. represents in the main the broad of Negro workers went to Spain to fight for base for the organization of the Negro democracy, striking against the same fascist workers. monster which has enslaved Ethiopia. In the The Negroes are organized into church greater development of this political con­ and fraternal organizations, which form the sciousness against fascism our Party has social and political base of their lives. Those played a considerable role, as Comrade who ignore this basic fact of Negro life Ford's book shows in concrete example. would make it impossible for the Negro to In bringing to the Neg::o masses a correct become part of the broad progressive front understanding of the necessity of the demo­ in the struggle against reaction. For a time cratic front against fascism, our Party has we Communists also suffered from a sec­ had to overcome the nationalist and Japanese tarian approach to this question. However, propaganda carried on in the United States, even before the Seventh World Congress of which is abetted by the Trotskyites and the Communist International, held in 1935, Lovestoneites. Our Party has also had to our Party had already perceived the necessity overcome the malicious propaganda of the of rallying the Negroes through all their fascists, aided by the Trotskyites, 1n regard organizations, and of broadening the Party to the peace role of the Soviet government. line. Increasing masses of the Negro people are After the Seventh World Congress, when gaining the understanding that the Soviet the policy of the people's front was adopted, Union is the greatest bulwark of peace, just the Party threw itself in full swing among as it is the only country in the world that the Negro masses, cultivating and develop­ has put an end to national oppression and ing the idea of the all-embracing front of discrimination. the Negroes as part of the people's front. Greater unity is being achieved by the This took on a very broad form, particularly Negro people and their organizations. Com­ in Harlem in and immediately after the 1936 rade Ford analyzes its essential progress and elections, with the bringing together, not character: only of Negro organizations, but also Puerto Rican, Italian and Irish sections of the popu­ "Already the Negro people are in motion, lation, as well as other national groups, in in the direction of progress. Great united the organization of the Harlem Legislative front organizations such as the National Conference. This, in 1938, led to the election Negro Congress, which transcends old politi­ cal alliances in order to join forces around of Vito Marcantonio to Congress, and of basic issues of the entire Negro people-such Garcia-Rivera to the State Assembly. as those mentioned above-will be' an im­ The achievements of the Negroes of portant sector of the democratic front. The America can serve as a guiding line for the significant tendency of the Negro people to break their old political affiliations in sup­ struggle of the colored masses all over the port of progressive candidates was demon­ world. Yes, what is done in Harlem, as the strated during the 1936 and 1937 elections." outstanding political center of the Negro (P. 203.) masses, helps to guide the movement wher­ ever the colored people are struggling against The Negro and the Democratic Front is a imperialism. The unity of the oppressed na­ handbook of the struggles of the Negro peo­ tionalities in Harlem and the victorious ple as part of the struggle of the entire s~ruggle they have recently conducted will American people for liberty. It is a work that serve as an inspiration, not only to the shows the stamp of an outstanding leader Negroes, but to the national groups in every of our Party, of the Negro masses, of the part of the country. whole democratic front movement in the The Negroes know from their own experi­ United States. ence what fascism would mean for them. Within our Party there are developing They have suffered at the hands of the Ku more Comrade Fords, who, togetlier with the Klux Klan, Black Legion and other such white leaders of our Party, are showing the THE COMMUNIST

way for the whole American people. As Com­ front on the path to Negro national libera­ rade Ford says: tion, on the path to socialism. Let us bring before thousands of Negro "The times call for new John Browns, and white workers this impressive message Abraham Lincolns, Frederick Douglasses, of Comrade Ford: Sojourner Truths and modern Abolitionists. Our people are not lacking in modern figures "If my oppressed race has accomplished so of this type. Thousands of Angelo Herndons much, are the possibilities not vastly in­ are coming forward." (P. 136.) creased by the building of a democratic front which will extend their rights and oppor­ • • • tunities? "As a Communist, and above all as a Negro It is the task of every Party member and Communist, I see that there is only one solu­ advanced worker to study The Negro and the tion to the problem facing the working class of America, the progressives and the Negro Democratic Front, to digest its wealth of people. That solution lies along the road I material and fortify himself with a better have indicated-through the forging of the understanding of the Negro question, of the democratic front against fascism and the ex­ rich Negro tradition of struggle, in order tension of that front until it reaches the goal of true democracy which is socialism." more effectively to help weld together the (Pp. 206-07.) Negro and white masses in the democratic ISRAEL AMTER

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AUTHOR INDEX

(The titles of articles by each author are ar­ Communist International, Executive Committee ranged alphabetically.) -The 21st Anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution, 1073-78, December. A. B., see also Bittelman, Alex-The Review 61 Communist Party, Cuba-The C. P. of Cuba the Month will be found on the first pages Will Adopt a More Positive Attitude Toward of each Issue, Jan. pp. 3-16, Feb. 99-112, Colonel Batista, 861-3, September. Mar. 195-207, Apr. 291-305, May 387·403, June 483-499, July 579-593, Auc;. 675-688, Commnnlst Party, France-Declaration of the Sept. 771-784, Oct. 867-880, Nov. 963-978, Representatives of the C.P. to the National Comn1.ittee of the People's Assembly, 7 52-4, Dec. 1059-1072. August. Amter, Israel-Democratic Front Moves Ahead In New York, 909-18, October; May Day-In Commnnlst Party, Italy- Against the Race Peace or War? 334-8, April; Work Arnone Fight of l-i'ascisn1 and for Religious Liberty, National Groups----a Central Communist Task, 1051-2, November. 722-31, August. Communist Party, Philippine Islands--The Phil­ pines :Mobilize Against Japanese Aggression, Baker, Rudy-The Communist Party In China's 1121-31, December. War for Liberation, 1009-18, November; The Fall of Wuhan and Prospects of China's Commnnlst Party, U.S.A.--Greetings to the Na­ Victory, 1114-20, December. tional Convention of the Communist PartJ', Philippine Islands, 1131, December; National Bassett, Theodore--"White" South and the Peo­ Committee, Educational Department--Politi­ ple's Front, 369-80, April. cal Forces and Issues, 891-908, October. Bedacht, Max--I.W.O.-Workers' Fraternalism, Contreras-Labarca, Carlos- People of Chile 541-52, June. Unite to Save Democracy, 945-49, 1035-44, Bentley, Anne-From the Tribunes of the So­ October, November. cialist Fatherland, 1000-08, November. Cowl, Margaret--Woman's Place in the People's Berry, A. W.-"Reconstructlon, The Battle for Front, 46-53, January. Democracy," by James S. Allen. Review Daily Worker, London-Put Him Out for the (with J. W. Ford}, 188-92, February. Count, 574-6, June. Bittelman, Alex, see also A.B.-A Historic View Dennis, Gen&----Notes on the Defense of Ameri­ of the Struggle for Democracy, 711-721, Au­ can Democracy (with Gil Green}, 410-18, gust; Some Problems Before the Tenth Con­ May; Preparing for the Opening of Cone-ress, vention of the Communist Party, 624-29, July. 993-99, November; Some Questions Concerning Blake, George E.-Building the People's Front the Democratic Front, 534-40, June. in Harlem (with James W. Ford), 158-68, Dlaz, Jose--With Unity We Shall Conquer! February. 749-51, August. Bolshevik, The-A Powerful Ideological Weapon Duncan, Leonard-Organizational Development of Bolshevism, 1105-1111, December. Among Clerical Workers, 359-68, April. Brahns, George-Has the Crisis Run Its Course? Dutt, R. Palme--Lessons of the Irish Elections. 743-8, Auc;ust; Monopolies, Prices and Pro­ R. P. Dutt. Reprint. Dally Worker, London, fits, 533-61, June. June 27, 1938, 754-57, August. Brameld, Theodore- Correspondence between Editorial-Lenin and Collective Security, 17-28, Brameld and V. J. Jerome on Instrumental­ January, ism, 381-4, April. Engels, Frederick-Bakuninists at Work, H3-57, Browder, Earl-Concerning American Revolu­ February. tionary Traditions, 1079-85, December; Les­ Ford, James W.-Bullding the People's Front In sons of the Moscow Trials, 306-21, April; Harlem (with George E. Blake}, 158-68, Masterinc; Bolshevik Methods of Work, 500- February; Forging the Negro People's Sec­ 8, June; Summation Speech at the Tenth tor of the Democratic Front, 615-23, July; National Convention, 594-9, July; Three Rally the Negro Masses for the Democratic Years' Application of the Program of the Front! 266-71, March; "Reconstruction, The Seventh World Congress, 699-703, August; Battle for Democracy," by James S. Allen. Twenty-one Years of Strucgle for Peace, Rev. (with A. W. Berry), 188-92, February. 979-83, November. Foster, William Z.-American Federation of Browder, Irene~For a Correct Approach to the Labor and Trade Union Progress, 689-98, Problems of the National Groups, 797-804, August; Anent the American Medical Asso­ September. ciation, 1137-40, December; The Communist Party and the Professionals, 805-10, Septem­ Brown, Fred-For Concerted Action-Against ber; The Congress ot the Communist Party of Isolation and War! 251-65, March. France, 113-21, February; Panacea Mass Carter, Phillp-"Phllosophy for a Modern Man," Movements, I, 984-92, November; II, 1086- by H. Levy. Review, 667-70, July. 93, December; Socialist Party Convention, Childs, Morris--Building the Democratic Front 509-12, June; Win the Western Hemisphere In Illinois, 811-17, September; (with Frank for Dem.ocracy and Peace! 600-14, July; Meyer) Philosophic Nihilism Serves Reac­ World Fasdsm and War, 322-33, April. tion, 468-80, May. }'rankfeld, Phn-·work Among Catholics-a Key Question in Massachusetts, 659-62, July. Cline, Panl-The Los Angeles Mayoralty Recall li'ranklin, Francis-For a Free, Happy and Pros­ Election, 1019-27, November. perous South, 62-74, January; July 4th­ Coleman, Jerry-Farmers Advance in the Move­ Birthday of American Democracy, 630-41, ment for the People's Front, 169-76, Feb­ July; Problems of the Democratic Front in ruary. the South, 818-28, September. 86 THE COMMUNIST

Frente IWJ~Throughout Catalonia-Fortified Marin, C. S.-Campaign for the Federal Arts Lines of Resistance, 571-72, June. Bill, 562-70, June. Gebert, B. Ii.-Coal Miners In Convention, 272- Martinez, R. A.-The Si&"niftcance of the Latin 81, March; Steel Workers in Convention, America Trade Union Unity Congress, 1028- 122-33, February. 34, November. Green, Gil-How Not to Struggle for Latin Masslne, Cesare--ItaHan Problems. C. Massine, America, Rev. "The Coming Struggle for Translation, Lo Stato Operaio, June 15, 1938, Latin America," by Carleton Bealo, 1144-50, 757-61, August. December; "Life of Lenin," by P. Kerzhen­ Meyer, Frank-(with Morris Childs) Philosophic tsev, Rev. 1053-56, November; Notes on the Nihilism Serves Reaction, 468-80, May. Defense of American Democracy (with Gene Novick, Paul-A Solution for Palestine, 785-96, Dennis), 410-18, May. September. H. B.-Unemployment-An Old Strug(l'le Under New Conditions, 419-28, May, Peri, Gabriel-The Franco-Soviet Pact and the "Men of Munich." Translation, l'Humanlt~ Hall, Robert F.-Lessons of the Populist Move­ for Nov. 6, 1938, 1141-42, December. ment ln the South, 652-55, July. Pravda--A Bolshevik Propagandist, 1111-13, De­ Hathaway, Clarence A.-Buildlnll' the Demo­ cember; Toward a Further Rise in the Po­ cratic Front, 404-9, May; 1938 Elections and litical Work of the Party, 572-74, June. Our Tasks, 208-19, March. "Professional Branch, Mldwest"-(Letter) Anent Hicks, Granvllle--"Ralph Fox, a Writer In the American Medical Association, with re­ Arms/' by Lehman, .Jackson and Lewis. Re­ ply by Wm. Z. Foster, 1137-38, December. view, 92-93, January. Putnam, Samuel-Fascist Penetration in Latin Hodges, Va.leria-"Family: Past and Present," America, 468-67, May; Further Light on by B. J. Stern. Review, 767-68, August. Early Negro Solidarity (Correspondence), Hsiao Chen-kwan--"When China Unites," by 1143, December; Primitive Ne&"ro Solidarity: Harry Gannes. Review, 93-96, January. New Light from Brazil, 1045-60, November. Hsin Hoa Jlh Bao--To Commemorate Karl Marx Reeve, Carl-Elections In Pennsylvania, 927-36, and Sun Yat-sen, 863-64, September. October; Lovestoneism- Twin of Fasc!st­ Hudson, Roy-The A. F. of L. Convention and Trotskyl

The following key shows the pages Included Advance, The, 110. in t:Pe issue of each month: A(l'ricultural Adjustment Act (A.A.A.), 172, 1-96 January 176, 432, 653, 823. 97-192 February Aguirre, Don Pedro, 946, 103811. 193-288 March Aiken, Gov. George D., 209f. 289-384 April Alaska, 208. 385-480 May Alessandri, Pres. (Chile), 948f .. 1040, 1043. 481-576 June Alle(l'hany Corp., 877. 677-672 July Allen, James S., 63, 37 4. 673-768 Au~rust Allen, Robert, 298. 769-864 September Allen, W!!l!s, 990. 865-960 October All People's Party (Harlem), 161. 961-1056 November Almoni Yehuda, on Palestine, 852. 1057-1152 December Alterman, Meyer, 163. Abad Santos, Pedro, 1121. Alvarez, Aurelio, 138. Adams, Cedric, 938, Amalgamated Association of Iron, Steel & Tin Adams, Henry, 86f., on Burr treason, 311. Workers, 129f.. 274. Adams, Senator John, Jr., 69. Amalgamated Clothing Workers 'of America, Adams, Samuel, 6321r. 496. INDEX

Amer. Employees Guild, 3&5. Bacon, Con&"ressman Robert L., 910. Amer. Fed. ot Labor, 242Jr., 670Jr., 689Jr., and Balfour Declaration, 7871r. American Labor Party, 213; Communist Par­ Balkan States, 322Jr. ty and, 223, 226; Communists In, llOlt.; Baltic States, 323. convention, 1094Jr.; craft and Industrial Bancroft, Philip, 922. unionism, 1096; for health program, 187; "Banker and Financier, The," on housing need, Isolationism, 1099; Nebraska, 56, 59; and 559. Neeroes, 1098f.; and New Deal, 875, 1096f.; Bankhead-Jones Act, 653. and political action, 1098; and railroad work­ Baptists, 73. ere, 1097; in steel industry, 19f.; and wace­ Barkley, Senator Alben. 773. hour bill, 487; women's auxiliaries, 51; see Barroso, Gustavo, 516, 518, 523. also Elections, Trade union unity. Barton, Bruce, 682ft., 915. Am. Fed. of Labor Political League (Calif.), Batista, Col. Fulgencio, 134Jr., 466f., 602; new 664, 921. attitude toward, 861f. Batlllsta Party (Uruguay), 605. Amer. Foundation, 178ft., 185. Beals, Carleton, 14, 11441r. Amer. Frien&s of the Chinese People, 261. Beard, Charles, 196, 257, 372, 1080. Amer. Indians, 707. Beck, Dave, 922. Amer. Inst. of Public Opinion, see, G. Gallup-- Begun, I., 33. on New Deal, 1059f.; on Wagner Act, 1061. Belter, Rep. Alfred F., 913. Amer. Iron & Steel Institute, 553. Belgium, 23f., 334. Amer. Jewloh Comm., 729, 859. Benavides, Pres. Oscar R., 460, 463, 466, 949. Amer. Jewish Congress, 729, 859, 951. Bennett, John, Att'y-Gen. (New York), 911. Benson, Gov. Elmer A., 9371r. Amer. Labor Party, 352, 355; A.F.L. and, 213; Bentham, Jeremy, 87. C.I.O. anli, 243f; on compensation, 187; and Bernard, Rep. John T., 940, 943. farmers, 170; and Italians, 235; platform, Bernstein, Rabbi Philip S., on Palestine, 786, 891Jr.; In Rochester, 835; Thomao group and, 793. 512; and unemployed, 426; see Elections Bethlehem Steel, 123, 131, 362. (N.Y.C.). Big Steel, 6 7 9f. Amer. League for Peace and Democracy, for col­ Bilbo, Sen. Theodore G., 617ft., 826f. lective security, 211, 296; Importance of, 233, Bill of Rights, 634ft., 711!. 259f., 338, 357, 727, 975; mine workers and, Billings, Warren, 128, 273. 273; and women, 49f. "Birth of a Nation, The," 3 7 2. American Liberty League, 344, 367. Bittelman, Alex. 616, 748, 987, 988, 989, "Amer. Machinist," 123. Black Belt, 66, 376ft. Amer. Medical Asooc., 178, 185, 591, 809, 1137Jr. Black Codes, 190. 11Amer. Medicine" (Report of Amer. Founda- Black, Justice HU&"O, 170. tion), 178f. Black Legion, 282, 412. Amer. Newspaper Guild, 245, 364. Bliven, Bruce, 297!. Amer. Public Health Assn., 177. Amer. Revolution (1776), 68, 411, 609, 630Jr., Bloor, Ella Reeve, 202, 935. 7111r. Blum, Leon, 116. Amer. Student Union, 211, 227, 337, 659, 737, B'Nal Brith, 729, 859. 740. Amer. Youth Act, 300, 656. Boileau, Rep. Gerard J., 400. Amer. Youth ConereBS, 128, 233, 337, 352, 357, Bolivar, Simon, 604. 655ft. Bolivia, war with Parall'uay, 602. Americanism, Browder on, 1082; Foster on, 1088; Lenin on, 1081. Bolshevism, see Leninism, Mastering Bolshe­ ,.Amsterdam News," 160, 166. vism, Stalin. Amter, I., 33f., 166, 858, 1067. Boolc and magazine reviews, "The Com­ Anarchism, 526!.; Engels on Bakuninlsts, 143Jr. ing Strucgle for Latin America" by Andrews, William T., 159, 165, 271. Carleton Beals; "Family: Past and Anglo-American Anta&"onism, 21, 196ft., 436, Present" by B. J. Stern, 767!.; "Jewish 463, 756. Life," a. year of, 860ff.; "Labor on the "Annall•t, The,.. 442, 555, 557, 746, 748. March" by Edward Levinson, 670ff.; "Life Annenbere, Moe, 928. of Lenin" by B. Kerzhentsev, 1053lr.; Anti-Communist Party (New York), 32. "Mathematics for the Million" by L. Hogben, Anti-Lynchlne Bill (Waener-Van Nuyo), 129, 762ff.; "Philosophy of a Modern Man" by 286Jr., 278, 300, 355, 369, 373, 487, 495, 617ft., H. Levy, 667ft.; "Ralph Fox, a Writer In 654, 656. Arnts" by Lehmann, 'Jackson and Lewis, 92f.; "Reconstruction: the Battle for De­ Anti-Semitism, 726, 728; In Brazil, 514ft.; C. P. mocracy'" by James S. Allen, 188ff.; "Red position on, 853; in Harlem, 623, 728; Star Over China" by Edgar Snow, 445ft.; Holmes, J. J., on, 853; in Italy, 1051-2; Kish­ "Science and Society," a year of (con­ lnev poeroms, 8 57; Munich betrayal and, clusion), 76ft.; "The People's Front" by 1069; In Poland, 856. Earl Browder, S39lr.; "The Peril of Fas­ A Olrenslva, 515, 516. cism" by A. B. Magi! and Henry Stevens, Aptheker, Herbert, 619. 957ff.; uThe Tyranny of Words" by Stuart Arabs, In Palestine, 785ff., 851f. Chase, 468ff.; "The United Front" by Georll'i Araki, General, 323. Dimitroff, 699ft.; "When China Unltea" by Aranha, Oswaldo, 514, 524f. Harry Gannes, 931r. Arevalo, .Juan, 138. Boudin, Louis B., 821f. Areentlna, 461, 464f., 518, 524, 601, 603, 609. Arlasarolr, Ch., lli.Urder of, 792. Bowers, Claude G., 309, 372. Arnold, John, 859• Bowron, Jud&"e Fletcher, 1019ft. ..A.rta, The, 682ff. Boy Scouts, and World Youth Congress, 951. ..A.•hley-Monta&'U, Prof., 78%. Brameld, Theodore, 3811r. .A.••oclated Farmers, California, 665f., 9U, 1061; :Hinneaota, 938ff. Brazil, 436, 458ft., 513Jr., 600ft., 1045Jr. A ..oc. of Cuban Suear-Cane Growers, 138. Brest-Litovsk Treaty, 980. As•oc. of Omaha Taxpayers, 56. Bridgeman, P. W., 469; S.W., 472f. Aueur, on Palestine, 789. Bridges, Harry, 736!. Austria, In 1918, 4, 414; debts, 687, seized by Hitler, 195Jr, 32!, 125, etc. Brooklnc-s Institute, 553, 556f. ..A.venariua, 471. Brophy, John, 735f.

642tr. 642tr. 1036ft. 1036ft. 946ft., 946ft., 608f., 608f., 601ft., 601ft., 463!., 463!., 461, 461, Chile, Chile,

278. 278. 180t., 180t., 59, 59, labor, labor, Child Child 626ft., 626ft., camps, camps, Bukharin-Trotsky Bukharin-Trotsky against against

1047, 1047, struggle struggle of, of, 1106tr.: 1106tr.: legend legend 1070, 1070, Rei, Rei, of, of, Chico, Chico, history history 706; 706; 672ft., 672ft.,

603, 603, 358, 358, 813. 813. 307, 307, politics, politics, Union. Union. Chicaco. Chicaco. Soviet Soviet Party, Party, Communist Communist

1116f. 1116f. 1018, 1018, 1011f., 1011f., 463, 463, Kal-sbek, Kal-sbek, Chiang Chiang

749tr. 749tr.

Spain, Spain,

877. 877.

of, of,

control control

Ry., Ry., Ohio Ohio Chesapeake Chesapeake & & 1121ft.; 1121ft.; 806, 806,

597, 597, 368, 368,

Islands, Islands, Philippine Philippine 606: 606:

448ft. 448ft. Tu-haiu, Tu-haiu, Chen Chen

78, 78, Rico, Rico, Puerto Puerto 606; 606; 603, 603, 466, 466, Mexico, Mexico, 1119; 1119;

1016f. 1016f.

462, 462,

Mine), Mine),

(Wang (Wang Shao-yui Shao-yui Chen Chen

Japan, Japan, lO&lf.: lO&lf.:

767tr., 767tr., 81f., 81f.,

Italy, Italy, 757; 757; land, land,

11G 11G

Camille, Camille, Chautempe, Chautempe,

Ire­ 575; 575; Britain, Britain, Great Great 752tr.; 752tr.; 396, 396, 113tr., 113tr.,

462. 462.

Bank, Bank, National National Chase Chase France, France,

861f.: 861f.: 603, 603,

136ft., 136ft.,

Cuba, Cuba, 739; 739; 446ft., 446ft.,

468ft. 468ft. Stuart, Stuart, Chaae, Chaae, 94ft., 94ft.,

China, China, 1035ft.; 1035ft.;

946ft., 946ft.,

602!., 602!., Chile, Chile, 606; 606; 603, 603,

87. 87.

movement, movement, Chartist Chartist

597f., 597f., Canada, Canada, 621; 621; Brazil, Brazil, Party, Party, Communist Communist

773, 773, primary, primary, Kentucky Kentucky In In Chandler, Chandler,

967f. 967f.

961ft. 961ft.

867tr., 867tr., 686f., 686f., 674ft., 674ft.,

963!., 963!.,

Europe, Europe, Western Western

of of Parties, Parties, Communist Communist 400, 400, 327, 327, 262f., 262f., 196tr., 196tr., Nevllle, Nevllle, Chamberlain, Chamberlain,

Dlmitrotr. Dlmitrotr. see see 732ft.: 732ft.: camp, camp, rln rln America. America. Latin Latin see see America, America, Central Central

Trotsky-Bukha­ acainst acainst struggle struggle 699ft.: 699ft.: 6ft., 6ft., 600tr. 600tr. Cedillo, Cedillo,

Congress, Congress, World World Seventh Seventh 1077; 1077; unity, unity, and and 619. 619. Cato, Cato,

International International Second Second on on 714: 714: period, period, post-war post-war 462. 462. Turner, Turner, Catledge, Catledge,

on on 899ft.; 899ft.; 330ft., 330ft., policy, policy, peace peace 379: 379: 376, 376, tion, tion, 961, 956. 956. 961, 128, 128,

ques­ Negro Negro on on 1076: 1076: youth, youth, 1071, 1071, s.. s.. 730: 730: 337, 337, 724f., 724f., security, security, 253, 253, national national 240, 240, U. U. 59tr.; 59tr.; 6 6

on on 1074f.: 1074f.: 1069, 1069, betrayal, betrayal, Munich Munich on on 1077f.: 1077f.: Massachusetts, Massachusetts, 602; 602; 466, 466, America, America, Latin Latin

unity, unity, class class working working 118f.: 118f.: France, France, 623: 623: International International on on 616f., 616f., 968; 968; 460, 460, Brazil: Brazil: Catholics, Catholics,

plans, plans, fascist fascist on on 1076f.: 1076f.: action. action. concerted concerted on on 936. 936. Benj., Benj., Carreathers, Carreathers,

447ft.: 447ft.: China.. China.. on on 10731f.: 10731f.: Revolution, Revolution, tober tober 326. 326. Islands, Islands, Caroline Caroline

Oc· Oc· of of anniversary anniversary on on International, International, Communist Communist 1046. 1046. Edison, Edison, Carneiro, Carneiro,

87. 87. Thomas, Thomas, Carlyle, Carlyle, 834. 834. Safety, Safety, of of Committees Committees

11Utr. 11Utr. 616, 616, 78, 78, countries, countries, Caribbean Caribbean

633. 633. Correspondence, Correspondence, of of Committees Committees

136. 136. (Cuba), (Cuba), Forward Forward Cardenas Cardenas

919. 919. Relations, Relations, Labor Labor In In Peace Peace tor tor Comm. Comm. 781. 781. 800, 800, 486, 486, 460, 460, Lazaro, Lazaro, Cardenas, Cardenas,

909. 909. Hulon, Hulon, Magistrate Magistrate Capshali, Capshali, !70. !70. Million, Million, One One of of Comm. Comm.

1121. 1121. Guillermo, Guillermo, Capadocla, Capadocla,

136ft. 136ft. (Cuba), (Cuba), Unity Unity Labor Labor tor tor Comm. Comm.

451f. 451f. Commune, Commune, Canton Canton

unity. unity. union union

1101. 1101. 1096, 1096, 603, 603, 130, 130, Congress, Congress, Labor Labor

Trade Trade Lewis, Lewis, John John Leacue, Leacue, Non-Partisan Non-Partisan

& & Trades Trades Canadian Canadian 600tr.; 600tr.; 597f., 597f., 272, 272, Canada, Canada,

Labor's Labor's Elections, Elections, see see tl6ll; tl6ll; Congress, Congress, Youth Youth

614. 614. Francisco, Francisco, Campo, Campo,

World World and and 487; 487; blll, blll, wage-hour wage-hour and and 425ft.; 425ft.;

81. 81. G., G., Camen, Camen,

U9, U9, 394, 394, unemployment, unemployment, and and 122ft.: 122ft.: steel, steel, In In

822. 822. Erskine, Erskine, Caldwell, Caldwell,

664; 664; 617, 617, 289, 289, 266, 266, 72, 72, 69f., 69f., South, South, In In 693tr.; 693tr.;

912. 912. 778tr, 778tr, Abe, Abe, Cahan, Cahan,

role, role, 439f.: 439f.: recovery, recovery, and and 104; 104; attitude, attitude, cal cal

524. 524. 142, 142, Jetrerson, Jetrerson, Ambassador Ambassador Catrery, Catrery,

polltl· polltl· 364ft.: 364ft.: workers, workers, oftlce oftlce and and 723; 723; groups, groups,

113. 113. Marcel, Marcel, Cachin, Cachin,

nat'l nat'l and and 187; 187; program, program, health health for for 217; 217; 204, 204,

726. 726. 33f., 33f., V., V., Peter Peter Cacchlone, Cacchlone,

front, front, democratic democratic and and !23: !23: and, and, Party Party munist munist

47. 47. (1922), (1922), Act Act Cable Cable

Com­ 1094ft.: 1094ft.: and, and, A.F.L. A.F.L. 689: 689: 242f., 242f., menta. menta.

611. 611. Largo, Largo, Caballero, Caballero,

achieve­ 670tr., 670tr., Org., Org., Industrial Industrial for for Comm. Comm.

21f. 21f. countries, countries, Colonial Colonial

809. 809. 803, 803, 461, 461, Colombia, Colombia, 100. 100. F., F., James James Senator Senator Byrnes, Byrnes,

1062. 1062. H., H., John John Collins, Collins, 827. 827. 72, 72, Senator, Senator, Byrd, Byrd,

peace. peace. 1023. 1023. W., W., J. J. Buzzell, Buzzell,

for for action action Concerted Concerted see see security, security, Collective Collective

conditions) conditions) (economic (economic

87. 87. T., T., S. S. Coleridge, Coleridge, see see States States United United Recovery, Recovery, conditions, conditions, Business Business

58ft. 58ft. (Nebraska), (Nebraska), L. L. R. R. Gov. Gov. Cochran, Cochran,

1079. 1079. 307tr., 307tr., on, on, Browder Browder Aaron, Aaron, Burr, Burr,

272tr. 272tr. con,·ention, con,·ention, miners, miners, Coal Coal

68. 68. U, U, (Nebraska), (Nebraska), R. R. Edward Edward Senator Senator Burke, Burke, 1020tr. 1020tr. E., E., Cllftord Cllftord Clinton, Clinton,

685. 685. Raymond, Raymond, Clapper, Clapper, 928. 928. Bessie, Bessie, Burchett, Burchett,

677. 677.

772ft. 772ft.

666, 666, 443, 443, 864, 864, 300, 300, Camps, Camps, Conservation Conservation Civilian Civilian

primary, primary, Ohio Ohio In In J., J., Robert Robert Senator Senator Bulkley, Bulkley,

Reconstruction. Reconstruction.

Trotskylsm-Bukharlnlsm-Lovestonelsm. Trotskylsm-Bukharlnlsm-Lovestonelsm. see see 662; 662; 312, 317, 317, 312, 72, 72, 66f., 66f., (U.S.), (U.S.), War War Civil Civil

see see 732tr.: 732tr.: 642tr.: 642tr.: 526tr.; 526tr.; 306tr.; 306tr.; Bukharlnism, Bukharlnism, Rights. Rights. Democratic Democratic &ee &ee Richts, Richts, Civil Civil

162. 162. (N.Y.), (N.Y.), Party Party Progressive Progressive City City 610. 610. 804, 804, (1938), (1938), Conference Conference Peace Peace Aires Aires Buenos Buenos

499. 499. Walter, Walter, Cltrlne. Cltrlne.

964. 964. 597t., 597t., 113, 113, Tim, Tim, Buck, Buck,

166. 166.

'113, '113, 864, 864, Jennings, Jennings, William William Bryan, Bryan, 163, 163, York), York), (New (New Comm. Comm. Non-Partisan Non-Partisan Citizens Citizens

165. 165. 160, 160, Morgantinl, Morgantinl, Mario Mario Circolo Circolo 620. 620. Sterllnc, Sterllnc, 205; 205; F., F., Brown, Brown,

454. 454. Teh, Teh, Chu Chu

344. 344. unity, unity,

967f. 967f. 263, 263, Winston, Winston, Churchill, Churchill,

union union trade trade 339f.; 339f.; tactics, tactics, 346; 346; Court, Court, preme preme

961. 961. gre"", gre"",

141; 141; Su­ Party, Party, Republican Republican 217; 217; Program, Program,

Con- Youth Youth World World at at organizations, organizations, Christian Christian

Roosevelt Roosevelt 34&; 34&; masses, masses, and and Roosevelt Roosevelt 62; 62;

454. 454. 447, 447, En-lal, En-lal, Chou, Chou,

regionalism, regionalism, 202f.: 202f.: red-baiting, red-baiting, 368; 368; 220f., 220f.,

Yat-sen. Yat-sen. Sun Sun

recrultinc, recrultinc, 938; 938; stratelrY, stratelrY, reactionary reactionary 235f.; 235f.;

Japan; Japan; see see 93ft.; 93ft.; Unites," Unites," China China "When "When 736ft. 736ft.

personnel, personnel, 687; 687; peace, peace, 817; 817; work, work, party party 909; 909;

447ft., 447ft., and, and, Trotskyltes-Lovestoneites Trotskyltes-Lovestoneites 736; 736; 306, 306,

parties. parties. old old 319f.: 319f.: bill, bill, McNaboe McNaboe 343; 343; L., L.,

traitors, traitors, 127f.; 127f.; and, and, workers workers steel steel 460ft.; 460ft.; and, and,

John John Lewis, Lewis, 42; 42; Patteraon, Patteraon, Judge Judge 196; 196; lam, lam,

Union Union Soviet Soviet 446ft.: 446ft.: regions, regions, Soviet Soviet 446tr.: 446tr.:

Isolation· Isolation· 691; 691; health, health, 636f.; 636f.; Tsar, Tsar, and and Third Third

China," China," Over Over Star Star ''Red ''Red 1015; 1015; 1011, 1011, U5tr., U5tr., 94!., 94!.,

Georee Georee 408f.; 408f.; Party, Party, Farmer-Labor Farmer-Labor 818; 818; 417f., 417f.,

army, army, Red Red 978ft.; 978ft.; front, front, people's people's U5tr. U5tr. antry, antry,

democracy, democracy, 717; 717; 479, 479, 406f., 406f., 339tr, 339tr, 230, 230, 207, 207, 40, 40,

peas­ 1083: 1083: 327, 327, door, door, open open 267: 267: and, and, croes croes

front, front, democratic democratic 682; 682; culture, culture, 127; 127; action. action.

Ne­ 1116f.; 1116f.; unity, unity, national national 276; 276; and, and, miners miners

concerted concerted 742; 742; Communist," Communist," "The "The 861; 861; Ilea, Ilea,

1114f.: 1114f.: centers, centers, Industrial Industrial of of loss loss 325ft.: 325ft.: 212, 212,

Catho· Catho· 233; 233; Americanism, Americanism, on: on: cited cited 964; 964; ties, ties,

196f., 196f., 107, 107, 25ft., 25ft., 21, 21, 15, 15, aggression, aggression, Japanese Japanese

Par­ European European by by appeal appeal siena siena 498; 498; Libby, Libby,

and and 1117; 1117; Army, Army, Route Route Eighth Eighth 261ft,; 261ft,; for, for,

debatea debatea 866; 866; workers, workers, Jewish Jewish to to appeal appeal

action action concerted concerted 1009ft.; 1009ft.; 445ft., 445ft., Party, Party, munist munist

184; 184; Harlem, Harlem, In In G16f; G16f; leader, leader, as as Earl, Earl, Browder, Browder,

Com­ 447ft.; 447ft.; and, and, International International Communist Communist

166. 166. Portera, Portera, Car Car Sleeplne Sleeplne of of Brotherhood Brotherhood 681ft.; 681ft.;

Invasion. Invasion. of of anniversary anniversary US; US; Labor, Labor,

of of Fed. Fed. All-China All-China 358: 358: to, to, aid aid 1114ft.; 1114ft.; China, China, 13Gf. 13Gf. Youth, Youth, Cuban Cuban of of Brotherhood Brotherhood

COMMUNIST COMMUNIST THE THE 88 88 INDEX Sg

Communist Party, U.S.A., and A.F.L., 1101f.; Democracy, defense of, 815f., 904ft., and patriot­ anniversary, 596, 784; conotltution, 704ft., lam. 868!. 799; and democracy, 203f., 319f., 4101'1'.; edu­ Democratic Continental Congress, 605. cation, 500ft., 842ft.; election platform, 891ft.; Democratic Front, 201ft., 387ft., 404ft., 417f., greets Philippine C.P., 1131; inlluence, 702f.; 487ft., 534ft., 684f., 716ft.; Browder's "People's on LaFollette, 485ft.; In nat'! groups, 722ft.; Front," 339ft.; In California, 6631'1'.; Catholics on panacea movemento, 992; party building, and, 659ft.; Congress and, 993ft.; farmer• in, 112, 204f.. 220ft., 1!56ff., 368, 592, 797, 816., 169ft.; Foster on, 1088ff., 1092; in Harlem, 829ft.; party building (Northwest, 1132ff.); 1G8ff.; In Illinois 811ft.; labor unity and, and Philippine Islands, 1121, 1131; and pro· 7771'1'., 881ft.; Los Angeles, 1019ft.; and mo­ fessfonals, 1137; program for Palestine, '194; nopolies, 561; Negro people and, 266ft., 615ft.; Socialists attack, 511f.; In South, 68, 378; in New York, 909ff.; panacea mass move­ In trade unions, 671f., 779; Tenth Conven­ ments and, 984ff.; Populist movement in the tion, 207, 303f., 388ft., 404, 535f., 553, 579ft., South, 652ft.; Seventh World Congress, 699ft.; 621ft., 776, 797; and unemployed, 421, 489; In South, 71ft., 818tr.; Tenth Convention and, on unity of progressives, 1064; see also esp. 351ft., 388ft., 624ff.; In western hemisphere, Browder, Election•. Democratic Front, Nat'! 600ft.; women and, 46ft.; youth and, 655ft.; Party Builder• Congreso, Review of the see also People's front, Elections, Trade union Month. unity. Concerted action for peace, 15f., 26ft., 251ft., Democratic Front (Cuba), 137, 139ft. 296ft., 685f.; action by united working class, Democratic Party, and democratic front, 994f.; 963ft.; A.F.L. and, 1099; Amer. Initiative and labor, 1063; platform, 891ft.; progres­ needed, 974f.: Browder's "The People's sives within, 1063 ff.; realignment, 536; see Front," 339ft.; Chamberlain's betrayal, 867ft.; esp. Elections, Hague, Primary elections, Chamberlain, London "Daily Worker" on, South. 674ft.; coal miners denounce aggression, Democratic rights, defense of, 410ft.; election 276f.; Communist Party of France, 113ft.; !asue, 904ft.; Fourth of July, 630!.; history of Communist Party of U.S.A., 906ft.; de­ struggle for, 711ft.; and red-baiting, 202ft.; mocracy at home and, 399ft.; Dimitroff Supreme Court and, 82f.; oee Hague, Negro on, 498f.; fascism and war, 322f.; Lenin and, rights. 17ft.; Lovestonelte sabotage, 737; May Day Democratic Student Movement (Brazil), 459. and, 334ft.; signs of war, 195ft.; Thomas· De Valera, Eamon, 754ft. Lovestone "congress," 691f.; U. S. Congress Dewey, John, 14!., 88, 381ft., 472, 669. and, 997f.; weotern hemisphere and, 6001'1'.; Dewey, Thomas E., 31, 910ft. women and, 49f.; oee also Good Neighbor pol­ Dickstein, Rep., 913. icy, Ludlow amendment, Soviet peace policy. Dies Committee, 779. Cont. on the Cause & Cure of War, 211. Dimitroff, Georgi, cited on: aggressors, 702; CongreBB of Tours (1920), 117. Amer. fascism, 938; Amer. people's front, Connolly, James, 7 55. 534; approach to revolution, 584; British die­ Constituent Assembly (Cuba), 134ft. hards, 686; demagogy, 1086f.; democracy, Constitut'l Educat'I League of Connecticut, 44. 414; fascist plans, 968!.; guarantee of vic­ Constltut'l Democratic Party, 72. tory, 498f.; internat'l unity, 971; Munich be· Cooke, Jay, 928, 930. trayal, 1069ff.; people's front, 699ft.; person­ Coolidge, Calvin, 494, 612; period of, 690ft. nel, 236; pre-fascism, 622f.; tactics, 397f., Cooper, Duff, Hitler on, 967. 700; theory, 703; trade union unity, 700. Copeland, Royal S., 160. Dockweller, Rep., 920, 924f. Cosgrave, Wm, T., 755ft. Dodd, William E., Sr., 312, 635. Costrell, H. 1., 853. Dodge, Wm. C., 909. Cotton production conditions, 818f. Dominican Republic, 467. Couch, on South, M22. Doran, Dave, 592, 598, Coughlin, Father Charles E., 13, 240, 297, 395, Doriot, Jacques, 116. 400, 485, 490, 652, 728, 800, 940, 9871'1'. Dos Passos, John, 23. Council of Jewish Women, 855. Douglas, Lewis, 556. Courtney, and Chicago mayoralty, 813. Douglas, Frederick, 269f., 618f. Crews, Rep, leader, 911. Downey, Gov., 924f. Croce, Benedetto, 85. Dubinsky, David, 245, 912, 1102. C.R.O.M. (Mexico), 605. Duclos, Jacques, 114, 117f. Crosbie, Paul, 33. Dugdale, Mrs. Edgar, 789. Crosser Six-Hour Day Bill, 443. Duplessis, 600. Crusaders, 367, 728. DuPont, 7, 183, 678. Cuba, 134ft., 462, 466f., 602f., 610, 861!. Durant, Will, 468. Cullen, Rep. Thomas H., 913. Cullen, Rev., 270. Czechoslovakia, danger to, 21, 195ft., 331, 640; Earle, Gov., 931ft. betrayal of, 867ft., 963ft.; see Chamberlain, Eastman, Max, 307, 316, 381ff., 581. Concerted action. Economic conditions, see Recovery, United State& (economic conditions). Ecuador, 603. Daily Worker (N.Y.), 233, 592f. Eden, Anthony, 238, 263, 297, 327!., 967f. Daladier, Edouard, 963, 975. Egypt, 322. Danzig, 326. Elections, 208ft., 364ft.; significance of results, Darcy, Sam, 986. 1059ff.; Alabama, 538; California, 215f., 343, Darrell, John, 75. 355, 539, 663ft., 919ft. (Los Angeles, 1019ff.); Daumier, 85f. Illinois (Chicago, 813); Indiana, 913f. (E. Davey, Gov., 41ft., 128, 282ft., 772f. Chicago, Gary, Hammond); Michigan, 779 Davis, Frank, 620. (Detroit, 35, 40f., 44, 213!., 285, 300f., 335, Davis, Prof. H. T., 762. 391, 409, 739); Minnesota, 355, 937ft. (Min· Davie, Senator James J., 927ft. neapolis, 343); New York City, 291'1'., 40, 44, Davis, Jerome, 1098. 126, 158ft., 216f., 270f., 405, 535, 539; Ohio, Davie, John W., 590. 282ft. (Akron, 40ft., 282ft.; Canton, 40, 44, Davis, Pollee Chief (LoB Angeles), 1020, 1026. 286; Cleveland, 283ft.; Toledo, 283, 285; Day, Judge, Ohio primary, 77 5. Youngstown, 283); Oregon, 355; Pennsyl­ De Castro, Josue, 1045. vania, 273, 301!., 390, 539, 927ft.; Washing­ Declaration of Independence, 630ft., 729. ton, 170, 215, 355, 534, 539, 659, 775, (Seattle, De Jonge Case, 83, 345. 300f., 335); Wisconsin, 170, 173, 181, 215, De Ia Rocque, Casimir, 115. 343, 355, 483ft., 639; see also Democratic DemagOII'Y. Dimltroft and Foster on, 1086f. front, N·at'l Procressives, Primary Elections. go THE COMMUNIST

Ellender, Sen. Allen J., 618, 620. Freemasons, 544, H9f. Embree, Charles, 821f. Freedmen's Bureau, 190f., 372. Engel~. Frederick, cited on: .,commercial pro­ Fresco, Gov. (Argentina), 601. letariat,"' 369; cooperative farming, 824; de­ Frey, John P., 110!., 246, 698, 779. mocracy, 393, 410ff.; dogmatism, 472; Henry Freyre, Gllberto, 1045. George, 984!.; historical transition, 712; im­ Friends of the Lincoln Brigade, 260f., 598. portance of theory, 469; Marxism and his­ Friends of New Germany, 928. tory, 414; materialism ''changintr its form,'' Fusion Party (N. Y.), 30ff,, 158ff., 217, 405. 667; practice, 470, 473; '"social murder," 182; Future Farmers of America, 658. worker as con:!lumer, 50. Enmale, Richard, 192. Epic movement, 216, 539, 663, 985!. Gabriel (Negro leader), 619. "'Equal Rights Amendment," 47f. Gallagher, Leo, 926. Errata, 265, 688. Gallup, Geor&"e, 10591'f.; on Democratic Party Erwin, Magistrate Francis J., 909. stren&"th, 1062. Ethiopia, Chile and, 949; Harlem and, 267; Gannes, Harry, 931'f .• 736. Italian p,eople ana, 81; Palestine and, 786; Gannett, Frank, 835. still fighting, 640. Garcia-Rivera, Oscar, 30, 32, 158, 162ff.. 271, 910. Evangelista, Crisanto, 1121. Garibaldi Bri&"ade, 81f. Garlin, Sender, 989. Garner, W., 312, 827. Gartner, Fred C., 928. Fallon, Mayor (St. Paul), 939. Gauley Bridge Investl&"ation, 181f. Family, 767!. Gay, Charles R., 441. Farm Bureau Federation, 169ff., 658. Gayda, Virgilio, 458. Farm Credit Administration, 175. General Motors, 100, 362, 734f. Farm organizations, at World Youth Congress, Gentile, Giovanni, 85. 951. George, Henry, EnK"els on, 984. Farm Tenancy, 818ff. George, Sen., Georgia primary, 878. Farmer-Labor Party (Minnesota), 215, 355, Georgia, health In, 178. 404!., 891ff., 937ff.; Youth, 659. German Miners' Federation, 275f. Farmer-Labor Procressive Federation, 215. Germans in the U.S., 72H., 731, 802f. Farmers, in democratic front, 169ff.; and New Germany, revolution of 1918, 413f.; spying in Deal, 1062; protection of, 897ff.; see Nat'! Farm- U.S., 312; see Concerted action for peace, ers Union. Fascism, Fascist alliance. Farmers' Alliance, 652ff. Gerson case, 202, 204, 271, 780. Farmers' Educational & Cooperative U'nion of Gestapo, 460, 465, 520. America, 169. Gillis, Dr. James T., 660. Farmers' Union, see Nat'l Farmers Union. Girdler, Tom, 131, 777ff. Fasclo d" Combate do Rio de Janeiro, 514. Gitton, Marcel, 114, 119f. Fascism, Brazil, 513ff.; Chile, 945ff.; defense Glass, Sen. Carter, 71f., 210, 378, 827. of Amer. democracy, 410ft., 957ff.; France, Golden, G., 857f. 113ff.; Italy, 757ff.; and national &"roups, 799; Gomez, Dr. Miguel Mariano, 134f., 141f. Latin America, 458ff., 600ff.; Spain, 963ff.; Gompers, Samuel, 608, 691f., 1029. and war, 19f., 322ff. Trotsky-Bukharin trials, "'Gone With the Wind," 373. 306ff., 526ft., 642ff.; see Trotskylsm-Bukharin­ Good nelirhbor policy, and Chile, 1041ff.; and ism-Lovestoneism. Cuba, 14lf.; democratic front in western Fascist Alliance (Berlin-Rome-Tokyo), esp. hemisphere, 600ft.; Latin American trade 322ff., 458ff., 520, 6001'f., 607ff. union unity, 10281'f.; and Mexico, 781ff., 873; Federal Arts Bill, 562ff. and Pan-Amer. Conf., 976; Roosevelt and Federal Reserve Board, 101. fascist war danger, 610!.; and World Youth Federal Social Security Act, 59, 100. Congress, 9541'f. Federal Trade Commis,sion, 172, 560. Grace, EU&'ene, 131. Federalist Party, 309ff., 317, 638, 662. Graduated Land Tax, 175. Federation for Political Unity, 539, Gran&"e, Calif. State, 1062; Nat' I, 169ff., 658. Federation of Architects, Engineers, Chemists Gran~:er, Lester B., 268. and Technicians, 364. Grau San Martin, Dr. Ramon, 134ft. Federation of Protestant Churches, 253. Great Britain, armament deceit, 109f.; Con­ Female Anti-Slavery Society, 46. servative party, 328; Labor party, 329; mass Flanna Fail, 755ff. sentiment, 238f.; Palestine, 785ff.; see Cham­ Filho Congressman Cafe (Brazil), 520!. berlain, Concerted action for peace. First Continental Cone-ress, 633f. Green, Wm., on international action, 693; and First International, 712. New Deal, 875; on efficiency, 690; endorses Fish, Rep. Hamilton, 512, 910f., 916. reactionaries, 915, 943; and Latin American Fitz&"erald, Walter, 159, 165, 271. labor, 605; on R.R. ownership, 692; on wage­ Fitzpatrick, John, 367. hour bill, 440; see A.F.L. Ford, .James W., endorses Rivera, 163; on Ne­ Greenback movement, 713ff. cro tradition, 1072; on Negro problem, 1086; Grove, Marmodrique, 1039. on progressive role of Negroes, 1120. Grundy, .Joe, 928. Ford, Henry, 131, 466, 690, 728. Guaranty Trust, and railroad control, 877. Ford Motor Co., 273, 734f. Guatemala, 460. Foreign Policy, see Concerted action. Guesde, Jules, 119. "Fortune" (periodical), on South America, Guffey, Sen. Joseph F., 934. 458!., 461. Guat&"enheim interests, 601. Foster, Wm. Z., in France, 113; the people's health, 691; recruitinc-, 368; R.R. workers, 226; 1919 steel strike, 671. Ha&"ue, Frank, 588ff., 696. Four-H Clubs, 658. Haight, Raymond, 665, 922f. "'Four-Power" Pact, 196!., 324, 331. Haiti, 76, 467, 609f. Fourth of July, 630ff. Hamilton, Alexander, 309, 638. Fox, Ralph, 92f. Hamilton, John D. H., 918. France, 113ff, 187, 276, 395, 719, 752ff., 976ff.; Hammon, Jupiter, 619. see Concerted action for peace. Harlem, Legislative Conf., 158, 270f., 621f.; Franco-Soviet Pact, 117, 263, 327, 981; after Negro Labor Comm., 167; Scottsboro Conf., Munich betrayal, 1141. 163; democratic front in, 158ff. Franklin, Francis, 369ff. Harding, Warren G., 492, 494. Fraternalism, I.W.O., 541ff. Hanson, Earl, 7 5ff. Frazier, Sen&tor Lynn J .• 396. Harrison, Sen. Pat, 827. INDEX gl'

Harvey, George U., 911. Japan, boycott of, 1120; Communist Party of, Hathaway, Clarence, 204. 1119; and Ne&"ro people, 267; and Philippine Hay, John, 857. Islands, 1121ff.; steel workers on, 127; viola­ Hayes-Tillman Agreement (1877), 369, 375f. tion of Soviet border, 7 8 3f.; weakneoses, Health, see Public health. 1118f.; see China, Concerted Action for Hearst, Wm. R., and Chicago politics, 813; and peace, Fascist alliance. ~~~er Martin, 735; on Soviet Trials, 295, Jean, Renaud, 114, 119. Jefferson, Thomas, Burr conspiracy, 309ft.; de­ Herriot, Edouard, 1141. mocracy, 632ff.; imternational cooperation, Heflin, Tom, 170. 349f., and Latin America, 609; true tradition Hegel, 85, 475, 764ff. ot, 5791r., 617f. Henderson, Donald, 11 ''Jeffersonian Democrats,~• 72 Henry, Patrick, 68, 632fl'. Jerome, V. J., 381f., 766, 985. Hepburn, Premier Mitchell, 600. Jersey City, 5881r., 696. Herberg, Will, 188, 190. ••Jewilh Daily Forward," 863, 865. Herndon, An~elo, case, 83, 345. Jewish Labor Comm., 726, 729, 859. Herndon, Milton, 270. Jewish People's Comm., 727, 729, 8671r., Hershey (Pa.), 933; strike, 275. Jews, in Palestine, 7851r.; refu~:ees, 796, 859; Hill, Lister, 170. youth, 855; In U. S., 337, 726fl'., 802f. Hillman, Sidney, 496, 695, 912. Johnson, Pres. Andrew, 189fl'., 269. Hines, James J., 160, 909ff. Johnson, Charles, 821f. Histadruth, 789, 794!, 852. Johnson, Edgar, 86f. Hitler, Adolph, "Mein Kampf," 263, 323; Johnson, Hu&"h S., 966. speech at Saarbruecken, 967; see }l..,ascism, Johnson, Rev. John H., 162fl'. Fascist alliance. Jones Tenancy Act, 824f. Ho~:ben, Lancelot, 762ff. "Journal of Commerce," on La Follette pro­ Holiday Assoc., 17 5. &'ram, 484. Holmes, John Haynes, 853. Justice, Robert, 158, 165, 271. Holmesburg (Pa.), prison case, 931. Holy Alliance, 609!. Hook, Sidney, 381ff., 854. Hoover, Herbert, 1126. Kalinln, Mikhail, 807. Hooverism, 209f., 421f., 488ff. Kant, Immanuel, 470f. Horner-Courtney machine, Illinois, 812f. Katz, M., 853, 866. Horton, George, 619. Keenan, Michael J., 165. Hotel & Restaurant Workers Union, 886, 1098ff. "Keep America Out of War" Committee, 612, Housmg, 101, 125. 591f., 737f. Howard, Charles P., 695. Kellogg-Briand Pact, 26, 327, 981!. Hudson, Roy, 205. Kelly, Mayor Edward J., 128. Hugenberg, 323. Kelly, Florence, 181. Hughes, Langston, 620. Kelly, Rep. Geor&"e B., 835, 913. Hull, Cordell, 321, 604, 781f., 953. Kelly, John, 160. "L'Humanite," 117, 120. Kelly-Nash machine, Illinois, 812f. Hungary, 4. Kemp, Ira, 165. Hutcheson, Wm. L., 103, llOf., 245, 695, 698. Kennedy, Joseph P., 8. Hynes "red squad," 1020, 1026. Kennedy, Thomas, 276, 302, 739, 932, 934. Kerzhentsev, P., 10531r. Kirby, Allan P., 877. Keynes. John M., 7ti, 668. Ibanez, Gen. Carlos, 944,1040. Kirov, S., 312. Ickes, &ec. Harold L., 106, 677, 725. Klshlnev massacres, 857. Idealite Co. strike, 363. Knights of Labor, 652. Illinois Labor Party, 387f., 391. Know-Nothing&, 661. Imes, Rev. William Lloyd, 270. Knox, Philander C., and Chlca~:o politics, 256, Independent Progressive Voters League, Min- 813. nesota, 940. "Kol Ha'am" (periodical), 852. Ind;pendent Voters' Lea~:ue (Cleveland), 284. Korzybski, Count Alfred, 469. Indiana Harbor strike, 814. Krock, Arthur, on La Follette, 484, 487. Instrumentalism, 381ff. Ku Klux Klan, 67, 73, 661, 725, 728. Insurance workers, 366. KuomlDtang, 445ff., 10101r., Intern;! Fed. of Trade Unions, 200, 499, 511, 693. Kynette, Earl, 1020f. Intern I Labor Office (Workers' Nutrition and Social Policy), 179f, 693. Intern'! Ladies Garment Wor-kers Union 184 Labor Sports Leagues, 657. 245, 736, 777f. ' ' Labor unions, clerical workera, 359ff.; Levinson's International relH tions, see Concerted action. "Labor on the March," 670fl'.; in South, 62fl'.; Intern'! Teamsters Union, 1100. at World Youth Congress, 951; see also esp. Intern'! Workers Order, 234, 727. American Federation of Labor, Committee Ireland, 7541r. for Industrial Organization, Trade union Irish in U. S.: 621f., 729; as Communists, 730f.; unity. Harlem, 59f., 271. L.N.P.L., an

Latin America, aid to Brother Parties in 368 MacMaster, J. B., on Federalists, on Burr, 310. 697: faecist penetmtlon, l96f., 436, 468rr.• :5131'f: Magil, A. B., 9571'f., 988f. 6001'f.; trade union congress, 873; and World Magnus, J. L., 793, 796. Youth Congress, 951, 955. See Argentina, Mahoney, Jeremiah T., 311T., 159!., 166, 270, 909. Bolivia, t!razll, Chile, Cuba, Dominican Re­ Manchuria, 322. public, Good nehrhbor policy, Mexico, Peru, Mangabeira, Congressman (Brazil), 520. Uru&'uay. Manullsky, D. Z., on bourgeois democracy, 413; Leach, Geor&"e, 937, 939. on effects of crisis, 686tf. League of Nations, A.F.L. and, 693; Chile and. Mao Tse-tung, 4451'f., 1016!. 948; economic forecast of, 675f.; fascists and, Marabini, Andrea, on Italian mass struggles, 327; Thorez on, 117; U.S.S.R. and, 19, 981f. 80f. "Lehigh Valley News" (weekly), 928. Marcantonio, Vito, 78, 1581'f., 270f., 621, 910. Lehman, Gov. Herbert E., 170, 911!. Margiotti, Charles, 932. Lehman, John, 92f. Margon Corporation Strike, 363. Leibowitz, Samuel, 67, 370. Markoff, A., 1072. Lelros, Francisco Perez, 1028. Martin, Gov. Clarence D., 775. Lemke, Rep. Wm., 989, 991. Martin, Hmner, in Illinois elections, 387, 812f.; Lenin, V. I., l0631'f.; cited on: aliens, 706, 799; Isolationist, 255, 257f.; and Lovestone, 3871'f., Amer. traditions, 1081; art, 570; Belgian neu­ 398, 7341'f., 887. trality, 23f., 348; and Bolshevik party, 1106f.; Marx, Karl, and calculus, 765: cause of crises, on Bukharin, 5261'f., 6421'f.; collective secur­ 431; capitalism destroys values, 65; crisis, ity: 171'f.; colonial strull'gle, 7 85; counsel to impact, 474; family and capitalism, 767f.; edt tors, 91; democracy, 341, 393f., 418; dic­ internat'l morality, 348; occupational dis­ tatorship of proletariat, 7; on errors, 603; ease, 181f.; optimists in crisis, 177; origin laws of uneven development, 1107f.; Leftism, of clas

Mooney, Tom, 128, 273, 736, 920, 925. Negro rights, 411, 901!.; coal miners on, 278; Morgan, J. P., & Co., 71, 677f., 877, 927. democratic front in Harlem, 158ff.; Negro "Morning Freiheit," 789, 853. people in democratic front, 266ff., 595f., Morones, Luis, 605. 616ff.; Populist movement in South, 652ff.; M'lrtimer, WYndham, 735. steel workers on, 128f.; women and, 46, 49f. Mosley, Sir Oswald, 575. Nelson, George, 171. Mothers' Day, 49, 52. Nelson, Martin, 937, 939. Motion Picture Democratic Comm., 1021. Nelson, Steve, 235, 239, 261. Munich betrayal, 363ff., 982f., and anti-Sem- "Neutrality" Act, 15f., 22. 27, 101. itism, 1069; consequences, 1069; Communist New Deal, A.F.L. and, 1096f.; and crisis, 439f.; International on. 107 4f.; and f!-..ranco-Soviet and electicns, 208ff.; farmers and, 13, 169ff., pact, 1141. 876, 1062; and health, 187; inadequacies. Murphy, Sheriff Dan, 920, 924. 99ff., 879f., 996 f.; miners and, 274; monop­ Murphy, Gov. Frank, 779; and unity of pro­ olies and, 8ff., 104t'f.; Negro people and, gressives, 1066. 266ff.; people's attitude to, 490f., 1059ff.; Murray, John, 608. SoCJalists and, 610; U.S. Congress and, 1067; Murray, Ph!llp, 8, 101, 122ff., 127, 129, 131, see Democratic front, Elections, Monopoly. 277f., 419> 496. Recovery, Roosevelt. Mussolinl, Benito, 116; see Italy. New Republic, on concerted action, 297f., on Muste group, 131. LaFollette, 483ff., on Communist Party, 584. New York Board of Trade, 395, 401. New York City, milk situation, 173; see Amer. Nagler, Isidore, 32. Labor Party, Elections, Harlem, Negro peo­ Nation, The, on Communist Party, 581. ple. Nat'! Assoc. for the Advancement of Colored "N. Y. Herald Tribune," advocates reactionary People, 266, ~68, 617, 6fi4. coalition, 1059; assassination hints, 312; ,.de­ Nat'! Assoc. of Manufacturers, 7, 9ff., 48, 103, fends" Leninism, 307; cited on: Communist 486, 488, 875. Party, 581f.; elections, 390, 682f., 779; 200 Nat'l Child Labor Committee, 180. families, 395; Hitler's speech at Saar­ Nat'! City Bank, 10, 462, 558, 580!. bruecken, 967; Gov. LaFollette, 484f.; Lud­ Nat'! Coul!cll of Office Workers Unions, 364. low amendment, 108f.; Mexico, 782; people's Nat'l Democratic Group (Cuba), 134f. front, 976ff. Nat'l .l!""lcononltc C• ... .mm., 877f. "New York Post" and A.L.P.. 778; magnifies Nat'l li'armers Union, Alabama, 170ff., collab­ labor disunity, 886; red-baiting, 263; sup­ orathm with labor, llff., 169, 214; junior or­ ports Alterman, 163. ganhations, 658; Nebraska, 66, 61; in South, New York State, compensation laws, 182ff.; 653f.; see Farmers. constitutional convention, 916; farm unions. Nat'l Federation of Labor of Cuba, 135. 171; health, 179; proportional representation National Front (China), 94f. 916; wealth in, 63; see Amer. Labor Party, National g-rotJps, colonial question, 954ff.; prob­ New York City. lems of, 797ft..; work among, 234f., 722ft.; "New York Sun," anti-New Deal, 681; publishes see also Colonial countries, Negro riJ:"hts. assassination hints, 312. Nat'l Guard, 128, 278, 282. "New York Times,"' advocates reaction- Nat'l Health Conference, 590f. ary coalition, 1059, 1065f.; on A.L.P., 776; Nat'l Industrial Conference Board~ on wages, anti-New Deal, 493; on Communist Party, 87 2; on labor costs, 8 74. 581; on Hitler's speech at Saarbruecken, 967; Nat'l interests, Browder on, 1082f.; C. I. on, on May Day, 627. 1076. "'New York World-Telegram," on Com- National Labor Relations Board, 639, 692, 778, munist Party, 581; on C.I.O., 777f.; magni­ 875. fies labor rlisunit.y, 886; on :rv.texico, 782; omis­ Nat'! League of Women Voters, 211. ~Ion re Palestine, 789. Nat'l Liberation Alliance (Brazil), 459, 466, Nicaragua, 610. 519, 521, 603. Niebuhr, Reinhold, 346ff. Nat'! Maritime Union, 246, 736, 778. Nine Power Treaty, 327. Nat'! Negro Congress, 9, 129, 163, 192, 211, 233, Nlnfo, Salvatore, 33. 266ff., 270, 337, 352, 357, 537, 617, 623. Nixon, H. C .. on South, 822. Nat'! Party Builders Congress, 112, 199, 203ff., Norris, Senator George W., 54. 239!., 304, 402, 406. North Atnerican Con1m. to Aid Spanish Democ­ Nat'l Peace Conference, 975. raCy, 260. Nat'l Progressives (LaFollette), 483ff., 608, 640, Noske, Wilhelm, 4, 413. 655, 665, 891ff., 923, 1087. Nat' I Recovery Act, 692; -codes, 183, 363, 670. Nat'! Revolutionary Party (Mexico), 466. Occupational diseases, 181!. Nat'l Safety Council, 183. O'Connell, Rep. Jerry J., 15, 27, 84, 77 4f.; Nat'l Union for Social Justice, 987f. -Peace Bill, 27, 101, 109, 260. Nat'l Youth Administration, 128; 355, 495, 666, O'Connell, Albany Democratic machine, 909. 677f. O'Connor, Harvey, 931. Nationalist Party of Puerto Rico, 7 8. O'Connor, Rep. John J., 910. National>st Union (Cuba), 135. Odum, Howard, 62f., 73, 376, 822. Nebraska, legislature, 54ff. Office workers, organization, 359ff. Negro people, A.F.L. and, 1098f.; A.L.P. and, Ogden, C. K., 469. 9H; and anti,Semitism, 728; in C.I.O., 242; Oltlahoma, cotton state, 818. In Communist Party, 223, 240, 829; and demo­ Old age pensions, 639, 870f., 877, 923t'f., 1081. cratic front, 818ff.; in elections, 995 (Akron, Oliver, E. L., ll. 42, Los Angeles, 1025, New York, 31!., 158ff., Olson, Culbert L., 663, 921, 924f., 1024. 270f., 621ff., Ohio, 287); Ford on progressive Olson, Floyd B., 938, 940. role, 1120; Ford on traditions of, 1072; Ford Onda, A. R., 284, 726. on Negro question, 1085; in ghetto, 801; O'Neal, James, 778. health, 178; In I.W.O., 652; Jefferson on, 636; Open Door, 327, 1083. job discrimination, 268f., 367; jury service Ortiz, Pres. \Argentina), 601, 60<. 83f.; and May Day, 337; as nation, 798; prim­ O'Toole, Rep. Donald L., and .Jewish refugees. itive solidarity in Brazil, 1045ff.; Second 859. Negro Youth Congress, 658f., 828, 951; Self­ Oxford Pledge, 737. Determination, 62ff., 369ff.; at World Youth Congress, 951; see also Anti-lynching bill, Padway, George, 1099. Harlem, Nat'! Negro Congress, Negro rights, Paine, Tom, 318, 418, 634f. Poll tax, Reconstruction, Scottsboro case, Painters' Union, S86. South. Palestine, 785ff.; Italy and, 322. 94 THE COMMUNIST

Panacea movements, Foster on, 984ft'., 10861f. Radical Party (Chile), 602f. Panama Canal Zone, 610. Rahv, Phillip, 85. Pan-Arr:et·lcan Airways, 464. Ramos, A,rthur, 1045ff. Pan-American Con!., 604, 610, 976. Randolph, A. Philip., 270, 1098f. Pan-American Federation of Labor, 605ft'. Rapallo treaty, 981. Pan-American Union, 604, 608, 610. Raport, Morris, 1136. Pan-Americanism, 608ft. Raymond, Harry, 1020. Pan-Latlnlsm, 465, 601. Reconstruction, 66f., 188ff., 267, 269, 369ff., 619, Panay, SS., 15, 17. 654, 711!. Paraguay, 632. Reconstruction Finance Corp., 433, 747. Paris Commune, 82, 86, 116. Recovery, adequate relief and. 99ff.; bii:' busi­ Parliamentary Democratic Front (Cuba), 135. ness and, 7ff., 585ff.; democratic front and, Parran, Dr. Thomas, Surgeon-General, 184. 487ff.; as election issue, 892ft'.; Fed. Reserve Pa.slonaria (Dolores lbarrurl), 749. Board on, 1068; layoffs and, 99ff.; Roose­ Patrla (Cuban newspaper), 136. velt's pledge, 298fT.; Roosevelt program, Patriotism, and democracy, 868!. 743ff.; unemployment and, 419ff.; wage cuts Patterson, Judge G. L., 40ft., 285. and, 496ff.; women and high cost of living, Peace, see Concerted action. 50f.; see Monopolies, U. S. (economic condi­ Pearson, Drew, 298. tions). Peasants' Party (Poland), 329. Red-baiting, answer to, 202ff., In California Peel, Lord, report on Palestine, 78 7 ff. primaries, 926: in Gary elections, 814; in Pennsylvania M'f're Assoc., 928. Minnesota elections, 943f.; and party build­ Penrose, Boiea, 931 Ing, 1132, 1134; and trade union unity, 777ff.; and World Youth Con~ress, 950. ~=~~his:c~r.e ~~~. a~re pensions. Reed, Eugene J., 986, 990. People's Front, in American countries, 602ff.; Relief, see Unemployment relief. Chile, 945ft.; Herald Tribune on, 976ff.; Reorc;anization Bill, 394f., 399f., 416. Lenin and, 8ff'., 17ft.; Mexico, 460, 466; Puer­ Republic Steel, 286. to Rico, 78; see also Browder, Democratic Republican Action (Cuba), 134f., 137, 141. front, Dimitroff, France, Spain. Republican Democratic Party (Cuba), 134, 137, People's World (San Francisco), 205. 141. P'lpper, Claude, Florida primary, 774. Republican-Democratic Party, 309f. Peru, 460ft., 603, 609, 949. Republican Party, coalition plans, 1059; elec­ Peters~n, Hjalmar, 937, 940!. tion advances, 1059; liberal face, 680ft.;· and Pew, J. N., Jr., 928. Negroes, 72, 617; platform, 891tr.; procres­ Philadelphia Inquirer (newspaper), 928. sives within, l063tf.; policy of demagoC'Y, Philippine Islands, 1121ft.; independence, 1121, 1087; realicnment, 636; tactics, 681ff.; see 1123ft.; Japan and, l122f., and concerted esp. Elections, Primary elections (Pa.). action, 1128. Resettlement Administration, 100. Phillips, Wm., 85. Review of the month, 3-16, 99-112, 195-207, Philosophy, serving reaction, 468ff. 291-305, 387-403, 483-99, 679-93, 675-88, 771- Pieck, Wilhelm, n3. 784, 867-80, 963-78, 1059-1072. Pinchot, Gifford, Pennsylvania primary, 775. Revisionists, in Palestine. 792. Platt Amendment, 612. RevolutiOnary Union (Cuba), 136, 139. Plekhanov, 815. Ricardo, David, 475. Plumb Plan movement, 692. Richards, I. A., <69. Poland, 822ft., 334. Right-to-Vote movement, 266. Poles, in U. S., 802f. Rivero, Pepin, 862. Poll tax, 266, 773. Robeson, Paul, 620. Pompeu, A., 515ft. Roca, Bias, 862. Pope, Generoso, 160. Roche, Josephine, 177ft., 279, 590. Popul~ire, Le (newspaper), 113, 117. Rolland, Romain, 114. Populist movement, 652ff., 713ff. Roncoli. Carlo, 81. Porto Rico, see Puerto Rico. Roosevelt, F. D.. assassination threats, 312:t., P.O. U.M., 88, 701, 737ff. Jl8; and Austrian refu&"ees, 859; on back­ Powell, Rev. A. Clayton, 270. ground of Americans, 731, 798; on capital Pravda (newspaper), on Japan, 783. and labor, 103; on carpet-bagcers, 373; on Pren~a, ~a (Cuban newspaper), 136. concentration of wealth, 495f.; on danger Pre;~~~nt s Advisory Committee on Education, to western hemisphere, 459; on democracy, 396; farm program, 818ff.; and Farmer-La­ President's Committee on Farm Tenancy 639 bor Party, 942f.; and labor unity, 1094f.; and Pr?stes, Luiz Carlos, 459, 466, 521f., 525, G03. · menace of reaction, 685; on monopolies, 104; PrimS;ry.olections, Alabama, 170; Georcia, 878; on ;>olitical alignment, 911; on sectionalism, Illmois, 387!., 739,. 811ff. (Rockford, 813); 102; on South as economic problem, 773, Maryland, 878; Mmnesota 775 · Montana 827 · and war danger, 610f.; see Concerted 774; Ohio, 771!., 775; Pe;,nsyl~anla 739f' action Democratic front, Democratic Party, 775; Texas, 774. ' ·• Electi~ns, Good neighbor policy, New Deal, Professional workers, 805ff., 1137f. Recovery. Proeress~ve Bloc in Congre·ss, 896ff. Progressive Party, California, 665, 922f.; New Roosevelt, Theodore, on Monroe doctrine, .610; York~ 32; Wisconsin, 343, 352, 355, 399, 539; and po,groms, 867; (ex-Gov. of Puerto Rico), see National Progressives. 77. Pro~rresso, II (newspaper), 160. Rose, Alex, 913. Proportional Representation, 33. Ross, Gustavo, 601, 948, 1038ff. Public health, 177ft., 278ff., 690f., 896f., Roose­ Rumania, 331. velt pro.,ram for, 1139. Ruth Commission (Pa.), 931. Public opinion polls, 879. Ryan, Rep. Elmer J., 940. Ryan, Joseph P., 35, 335, 672, 778. Public Works Administration (& Act), 183, 676f., 746. Puerto Rico, 75ff., 603, 610, 612. Puerto Rl~ans, In Harlem, 159ff., 270!., 621!. Puerto Rican Independent Democrats (N y ) Sachs, Alexander, 567. 158, 162, 164. . .• Sailor•' Union of the Pacific, 226, 250, 672. Salgado, Pllnio, 518ft. SantiaK'O, Jose, 163. Quart, Philip, 593. Scandinavian countries, 212. Quezon, Manuel, 1129!. Schappes, Maurice U., 853. Quill, Michael J., 38, 271, 736. Schatz, Phil, 8 55. INDEX 95

Schilling, Wm., 938. Party, 1055; Leninism, characterization, 3; Schmidt, Carl T., 75ft. monopolies and crlols, 105; nation, 798; na­ Schroy, Lee D., 41ft. tional question, 643; nationalities In U.S.S.R., Schwellenbach-Allen resolution, 100. 1004; Party membership qualiftcationll, 705; Science & Society, 381ft., 619, 766. personnel, 573; proletariat, definition, 363; Scott, Howard, 9 8 5. eelf-crlticlsm, 503f.; Sociall•t democracy, Scottsboro case, 67, 83, 129, 273, 373. 1001ft.; Soviet peace policy, 19f.; Stakhanov Second (Socialist) Internat'l, and concerted ac­ movement, 1006; ustaliniste," Browder on tion, 611; Munich betrayal, 969; non-Marxlan, term, 507; strate&:Y and tactics, 340. 3; Soviet trials, 306f.; and unity, 118, 499, Standard Oil, 17, 137, 737. 1077; see Social-Democracy. Stassen, Harold, 937ft. Securities and Exchange Commission, 441. State, County & Municipal Workers of America, Seligman (bank), and railroad control, 877. 364!. Sequelros, studio, 1080. Steel Workers Organizing Committee (C.I.O. ), Sharecropping, 820. Share-the-wealth, 988f. 122tr.. 278, 362, 679f., 735, 875, 934. Shaw, Frank L., 1019ft. Stefteno, Lincoln, 1020. Shelley, John, 921. Stern, B. J., 567f. Sherman, Gen. Wm. T., 190. Steuben Society, 725. Shteldo, Mayor Dan, 128. Steven•. Henry, 957ft., 989. Stevens, Thaddeus, 188f. Stan Incident, 1012f. Stoiber&", Benj., 257f., 288, 671, 735f., ?77. S!lone, Ignaz!o, 82. Strabolcl (Lord), on Munich betrayal, 1142. Silver Shirt•, 728, 938. Simons, A. M., 188. Student organization•. at World Youth Con- Simpson, Kenneth F., 911. gress, 951. Sinclair, Upton, 479, 664f., 920, 923, 985f. Sullivan, Mark, 313, 681. Slrovlch, Rep. Wm. I., 913. Sun Yat-sen, 454, 863f., 1009tr. Smith, AI, 4H, no. Sunday Worker (newspaper), 233, 357, 592!. Smith, Sen. Ellison, D., 827. Supreme Court, 57, 82ff., 210, 345f. Smith, Rev. Gerald K., 270, 989ft. Surplus Commodity Corp., 876. Snell, Rep. Bertrand H., 492, 684. Sylvls, Wm. H., 189. Snow, Edgar, 445ft. Social Credit movement (Canada), 603. Social-Democracy, and bourgeois democracy, 397, Tabajara de Oliveira, Nelson, 517. 413f., 716; deC"eneration of, 1106; fascism, 19, Taber, Rep. John, 910. 328; fraternalism, 547f.; vs. Leninism, 4f.; Tactics, Browder on, 339!.; Dlmitroft on, 397!., World War, 24; see Second Internat'l, So­ 700; Lenin on, 22, 28; Stalin on, 340. cialist Party. Talma1ge, Gov. Eugene, 72. Social-Democratic Federation, 915. Tammany Hall, 426, 776, 909; see Elections Social ~ecurlty, 894ft. (N.Y.C.). Social Security Act, 278, 300, 424f., 495. Tampa (Florida), nat'! groups in, 801. Socialist Call, en Lewis and Green, 245; on Tan Ping-shan, 449f. swoc, 131. Tanaka :Memorandum, 323. Socialist Labor Party, 248. Teapot Dome, 492. Socialist Party, of Chile, 603, 947. 1036f.; of Technocracy, 985. France, 113, 117f., 120, 754; of Spain, 749ft'.; of U. S. and Amer. history, 1079f.; and TenRessee Valley Authority, (T.V.A.), 73, 174, A.L.P., 776, 913, 915; convention, 509ft.; and 345, 441, 443, 747, 823. LaFollette, 498; and Lovestone, 739f.; N.Y. Textile Workers Org. Comm. (C.I.O.), 70, 72. elections, 30ft'.; trade union unity, 245, 248; Third party, not central problem, 1066; Foster and unemployed, 427; Virginia elections, 72; on, 1090. see Social-Democracy, Second Internat'l, Th.>mas, Amos, 57. Norman Thomas. Thomas, Norman, and A.L.P., 776, 913, 915; on Soe~al~sts, Old Guard, and labor unity, 244, 246. Communist Party, 581, 720; election posi­ Socialist-Revolutionaries (Russia), 815. tion, 814f.; Isolationism, 23, 253, 256, 313ft., Sokolsky, Geor&"e, 777. 591f., 737; In Jersey City, 590; and LaFol­ Solomon, William, 162f. lette, 498; Leftism, 342; and Lovestone, 740; Sorge, Friedrich Albert, 469. see Socialist Party. South America, see Latin America. South Chicago massacre, 128. Thompson, Dorothy, on Munich betrayal, 868; Southern Ne&"ro Youth Congress, 654, 655, i58f. on U.S.S.R., 982. Southern states, democratic front in, 62ff., 369ff., Thorez, Maurice, 113ff. 696f., 818ft'.; economic problem, 773; see Thyssen, Fritz, 463. Negro people, Negro rights, Populist move­ Tiff mining, 180. ment, Reconstruction. Tobin, Daniel, on labor unity, 1094f., 1099f. Southern Tenant Farmers Union, 822. Toledaho, Vincente Lombardo, 606, 1028tr. "Tom Sawyer," banned in Brazil, 1045. Soviet peace policy, 263tr., 979ft.; Lenin and, Townsend, Francis E., plan, 422, 539, 665, 923ft., 17ft'.; Manchukuo border and, 783!.; •ee Lit­ 986:t'.; legislators pledged to, 1061; recru­ vinov. descence, 1087. Spain, anniversary of war, 68611.; Bak.un1nists Trachtenber~r, Alexander, 113. in 18 73, 143ft'.; danger of Munich settlement, 963ft.; defense of Catalonia, 571f.; Herald "Trade Union Party" (N.Y.), 32, 35. Tribune on people'·s front, 97611'.; tasks of Trade Union Congress (Gr. Brit.), 329. Communist Party, 749ft'.; P.O.U.M., 88, 701, Trade union unity, 242tr., 1094ft.; A.F.L. and, 737ff.; see also Concerted action for peace. 689ft'.; Browder on, 344; C.I.O. on, 1103; and Sta~~:kf.Jack, 205, 616, 740; on Party building, elections, 210, 213f., 409; foes of, 881ft.; In Latin America, 1028ff.; lessons of Seattle on, Stalin, Joseph, _on: Amer. crisiS, 533; Bukha.rin­ 800ft.; maneuvere against, 110ff.; May Day Trotsky, 527f., 643f., 732; cadres, 1000; Chi­ and, 334ft'.; miners and, 277f.; in Palestine, nese revolution, 447ft'.; clruss struggle, 526, 647, 789, 794f.; political unity of labor, 409, 538; collective security, 238, 258, 263f.; colonial and N.Y. elections, 916; Roosevelt and, strU&"&"le, 785; Conotitution, 1002f.; depreo­ 1094f.; steel workers and, 122ft. sion of opeclal kind, 586; developed further Trade Union Unity Leacue, 690, 695. Lenin's teaching, 1108; and history of C.P.S.U., Traitors, early U.S., 308ft'. 1105, 1111; lnternat'l proletarian solidarity, 195, 200f., 296, 325, 971, 983; on Lenin's Transport Workers Union, 833. fortitude, 1053f.; on Lenin'• guidance of the Trials, Soviet, 291tr., 306ft'., 526tr., U2ft. g6 THE COMMUNIST

Trotskyism - Bukharinism - Loveston~ism, and Veblen, Thor•tein, 985. American Labor Party, 913; and anti-Sem­ Venezuela, 76, 603, 609. Itism, 853f.; attack democratic front, 68lt.; Vergara, Dr. (Cuba), 136. and Brest-Litovsk Treaty, 980; Bukharln, Versailles treaty, 322, 980f. 526tr., 642ff.; In China, 95, 450tr., 1013; In Vesecky, .John, 11. Chile, 947, 1036tr.; In Detroit, 35; Dewey Vesey, Denmark, 619. "'report," 14; defense of democracy and, Viscose Rayon Corp., 70. 410ft.: fake "Leninism," 313, 701f.; fascist Vladeck, B. Charney, 33, 166. agents, 337f.; and fascist spying, 298; fn Vyshlnsky, A., 292f., 306. France, 117f.; instrumentalism and, 381f.: isolationism, 23, 252tr., 591f.; and Labor's Non-Partisan League, 720; in Latin Amer­ Wadsworth, Rep. .James W., 910. Ica, 602, 606f., 783, 1031; literary criticism, Wages and Hours Bill, 48, 169, 416, UO, 487, 85; In Los Angeles, 1023; .Lovestonelsm, 495, 589, 656, 692. 732tr.; Homer Martin and, 387ff.; In Minne­ Wagner, Sen. Robt. F., 911; -Labor Relations sota, 940f.; and n> tiona! groups, 726f., 799f.; Act, 84, 103, 345, 412, 416, 488, 497, 639, and Negro people, 188, 190, 192, 267, 270; 690, 778, 875; public opinion on, 1061; - Party constitution on, 708tr.; In Pennsylva­ Steagall Housing Act, UO. nia, 932; slander Soviet Union, 968, 971; and Walker, David, 619. Socialist Party, 34, 36; Soviet trials, 291tr., Wallace, Secretary of Agriculture Henry A .. 306tr., 526f.. 642f.; and Spain. 964; In steel 13, 169, 171. convention, 131f.; struggle against, 88, 831f.; Walsh, Dr. Edmund A., 581. trade union disruption, 881tr.; and trade Wang Mlng, see Chen Shao-yul. union unity, 246!'.; and women's movement, War, see Concerted action for peace. 53 ; see Mastering Bolshevism. Washington, George, 68, 307tr., 418, 616, 618, Trujillo, Brig.-Gen. Rafael Leonidas, 467. 634. Turner, Nat, 619f, Washington Commonwealth Federation, 215, Tydings, Millard, 878 -bill, 77. 343, 352, 355, 399, 406, 426, 539, 659, 8941f.; -Youth section, 659. Watson, Tom, 652f. Wf\ek (periodical, London), on Italy and Pal- Undistributed Profits Tax. 557!. estine, 792. Unemployment relief, 99tr., 423f., 429!., 432, We:r, Arthur, 7, 131, 928. 489, 658, 873f., 876f. Welzman, Chalm, 788. Unicameral legislature (Nebraska). 54tr. Welles, Sumner, 458. Union Carbide & Carbon Co., 181f. West Coast Longshoremen's Union, 245. Union of Socialist Soviet Republics, 13tr., 89f.. Weydemeyer, Georg, 189. 195tr., 322f.. 478f., 732, 738, 965; acts to curb Wharton, Arthur 0 .. 245f., 671, 695, 698. fascists, 1074; socialist construction, 1073f.; Whitney, Anita, vote for, 1067. see Communist Party (S.U.), concerteil. ac­ Wilkinson, Gen. .James, 310. tion for peace, Franco-Soviet Pact, Soviet Wilson, Woodrow, administration, 25, 128, 610. Peace Polley, Soviet trials, Stalin. Winston, Henry, 227. Unitarian Trade Union Federation of Brazil, Wise, James Waterman, 521. 5l8f. Wise, Stephen S., 790. United Auto Workers Union, and concerted ac­ Woll, Matthew, 103, llOf., 199ff., 214, 245f., tion, 277; medical service, 184; unemploy­ 499, 699, 698. ment In, 421f.; see Homer Martin. Women, 46tr., 202, 800f. United Cannery & Agricultural Workers Union Woodrum Amendment, 99f., UO. (C.I.O.), 11f.. 101, 822, 951. Woodward, Vann, 822. United Federal Employees of America, 364!. Workers Alliance, and national groups, 800, United Fruit Co.. 602. 726; anJ. Phlla. W.P.A., 930, 933; and relief United Hebrew Trades, 726, 855. crisis, 425f., 679, 877. United Mine Workers of America, 122, 224, Workers' and Farmers' Government, '116. 242, 244, 254f., 272ff., 697, 934. Workers School (N.Y.), 696, 1071f. United Office & Professional Workers of Amer- Workers' Social Insurance Bill, 424. Ica, 364ff., 736, 886. Workmen's Compensation Laws, 182, 184. United Peace Alliance (Gr. Brit.), 576. World Labor Congress Against Fascism and United Retail Employees, 364. War, 605. United Rubber Workers of America, 42, H. United States, Congress, 99tr., 993ff., 1059, World Youth Congress, 2nd, 605, 728, 950ft'. 1067ff.; Constitution, 47, 83f. 317, 638f.; eco­ World War, 23ff. nomic conditions, 429tr., 676ft'., 743tr., 871tr. W.P.A., 99f., 268, 422ft'., 432, 440, 443, 676!., 744. (see Monopolies, Recov~ry); history, 306tr., 630tr., 711ft'. (see Civil War, Reconstruction); Wright, Richard, 620. Housing Authority, 125; Public Health Ser­ Writers' Congress, Second Nat'! Amer., 662. vice, 177, 180, 184f.; see Concerted action Wuhan, 449ft'., 1114ff. for peace, Good neighbor policy, Supreme Court, W.P.A. Wurmser, And~, 1142. U. S. Chamber of Commerce, 486, 488, 497, 875. U. S. Steel Corp.. 122f., 132, 362, 425, 677tr. Uruguay, 464, 603, 605, 609. Yorty, Samuel, 1022. Usslshkln, M., 791. Young, Robert R., 877. Utilitarianism, 87. Young Communist League, 227, 368, 592, 598. Utopian Society, 986. 657, 300; of France, 120. Young Men's Christian Association, 656. Vance, Rupert, 822. Young Peasants (France), 120. Vandeleur, Edward, 921. Young People's Socialist League, 510, 740, 952ff. Vandenberg, Sen. Arthur H., 102, 209, 30lf., Youth, 655tr., 800, 899f., farm youth, 658; see 474, 684, 1126. World Youth Congress, Young Communist Lea&"ne. Vare machine, 928, 931. Yuan Shlh-kai, 1009. Varga, E., 431t., 553. Vargas, Getullo, 142, 4581r., 466, 513, U9tr., 6oorr., 949. Zam, Herbert, 510, 512, 739f. Vassar College, World Youth Congress, 950ft', Zausner, Philip, 832. Vatican, and Ireland, 766. Zionism, 785tr., 800, 852, 866. Just Off tile Press I

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